The Bolshevik Revolution and the Establishment of the Soviet Union Research Paper

By: Adam Ledbetter

Russian Czars (of the late 1800s and early 1900s) - There were three Russian Czars of the late 1800s and early 1900s. Alexander II was ruler from 1855-1881. He was known for freeing the serfs in 1861. He was assassinated by a bomb in 1881. Alexander III was ruler from 1881-1894. He began industrialization of Russia. Nicholas II was the last Czar. He was ruler from 1894-1917. He, his wife, and five children were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 (Nicholas II abdicated the throne in 1917). Nicholas II- Nicholas II was the last Russian Czar. He was the eldest son of Alexander III and Marie Feodorovna. Nicholas II was born at Krasnoye Selo in May 1868. His father, Alexander III, died of liver cancer on October 20, 1894, so his son took his throne. Nicholas married the German princess, Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt. Nicholas, Alexandra, and their children were murdered by who we think is Yakov Yurovsky. Bolsheviks- the Bolsheviks was a communist group that started the October Revolution. The leader of the Bolsheviks was Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks staged the killing of Nicholas II and his family. Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized control in the October Revolution (Russian Revolution of 1917). The biggest thing Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks did during the Revolution was take the Russians out of World War I. WWIs Triple Entente- the name given to the alliance among Britain, France, and Russia. The alliance was made after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. Duma (Russian Parliament) - is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. Simply, it is a form of

Russian governmental institution that was formed during the reign of the last Czar, Nicholas II Grigori Y. Rasputin- Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin was born in the small village of Pokrovskoye on January 22, 1869. He had a sister and brother (Maria and Dimitri). Maria drowned in a river and Dimitri died from pneumonia. It is said that Rasputin was involved in the assassination of the Romanov family. Rasputin was assassinated by Khionia Guseva when Khionia shoved a knife through Rasputins chest. Soviets- Soviets are a communist lawmaking body in Russia. 1918-1920 Civil War (Russia) - The Civil War began when Vladimir Lenin took the Russians out of World War I. The anti-communists attacked the communists. The Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. USSR- The USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or Soviet Union) consisted of Russia and surrounding countries that today make up Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. V. I. Lenin- V. I. Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Lenin) was born Simbirsk in the Russian Empire on April 22, 1870. Lenins brother Aleksandr Ulyanov was hanged for participating in an assassination attempt of Alexander III. As a communist politician, Lenin later became the leader of the Bolsheviks communist party. Lenin is famous for taking the Russians out of World War I which led to the Russian Civil War. Lenin died on January 22, 1924 by a stroke. Joseph Stalin- Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was born on December 18, 1878. Stalin was also a member of the Bolsheviks communist party just as Vladimir Lenin was. He held the position of the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee until his death on October 16, 1952. Leon Trotsky- Leon Trotsky was born on November 7, 1879. Trotsky joined the Bolsheviks communist party immediately before the October Revolution. Trotsky was also the founder and first leader of the Red Army. He was a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War. Trotsky died on August 21, 1940.

Mikhail Gorbachev- Mikhail Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931. Mikhail was the last head of state of the USSR. Mikhail married Raisa Titarenko. She died of leukemia in 1999. He was the only general secretary in history of the Soviet Union to have been born during the Communist rule. Gorbachev is still alive today at 80 years young. (Order of the Soviet leaders) list with dates of office- Vladimir Lenin (1917-1924), Joseph Stalin (1924- 1953), Georgy Malenkov (1953-1955), Nikita Khrushchev (1955-1964), Leonid Brezhnev (1964- 1982), Yuri Andropov (1982-1984), Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985), Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991). Alexi (and his sisters, in birth order) - Olga (June 13, 1882), Tatiana (June 10, 1897), Maria (June 26, 1899), Anastasia (June 18, 1901), Alexi (August 12, 1904).

What were some of the benefits provided by the Soviet Government for Soviet Citizens? If you were a Soviet Citizen your children could be sent to the best universities, you could shop at well stocked stores, and you were allowed to travel abroad.

How did Soviet life differ under Joseph Stalin than under Nikita S. Khrushchev? Joseph Stalin and Nikita S. Khrushchev were very much alike but Joseph was more brutal and did not have good relations with the United States. Nikita S. Khrushchev tried to have a good relationship with the United States.

Why was it so important for schoolchildren in the Soviet Union to receive high marks in behavior? Not only would it reflect badly on their family if they didn't (which could even potentially be fatal if the secret police decided to connect it to some "anticommunist" activity), but if they wanted to join the Young Pioneer group, school success was crucial, especially to open doors later in life to go to college and have a career.

Who planned the October Revolution of 1917? Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks planned the October Revolution of 1917.

What happened to the royal family in the revolution of 1917? Nicholas II abdicated following the February Revolution of 1917, he and his wife and kids were imprisoned. Later they were killed.