TOPIC 5.

0 FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIA

Differences between vector and bitmap File size Multimedia is any combination of text, graphic, animation, sound, and video delivered to you by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.

VECTOR use less memory space and have a smaller file size fast download via plug-ins

BITMAP require more memory space and have a bigger file size slow download through web pages

5.1 Definition of multimedia

Download duration

Advantage of multimedia

improves the quality of presentation and retains the attention of audience attractive and motivated individuals/users since the multimedia utilizes various of media elements involvement from the user

FORMAT FILE Bitmap Joint Photographic Experts Group

EXTENSION .bmp .jpeg, .jpg .gif .png

5.2 Multimedia elements TEXT

Text, Graphic, Animation, Audio, Video

Graphics Interchange Format Portable Network Graphics Menus for navigation Interactive buttons Symbols and icons Advantages

used in multimedia application are

# present multimedia content with more attractive and effectively

Typeface

A family of graphic characters that includes different sizes and styles. Eg: Arial, Times New Roman

Source of graphic

SERIF TYPEFACES A serif is the little decoration at the end of a letter stroke. More readable, used for large bodies of text Eg: Century Schoolbook

SANS SERIF TYPEFACES Sans serif fonts do not have a serif at the end of a letter stroke. Used for titles, headings, Web page banners Eg: Arial

Digital camera Using a scanner Download from the internet Using specific graphic software

ANIMATION

A series of images are rapidly changed to create an illusion of movement.

Usage of animation in multimedia presentation: Font A set of characters of a single size and style belonging to a particular typeface family. Eg 1: Century Schoolbook, 10 pt, Bold Eg2: Arial, 12 pt, Italic Types of animation

* Instructional purposes * Artistic purposes * Storytelling

2-D SPACE - very simple and static animation.

2-1/2-D SPACE - created through shadowing, highlighting, and forced perspective, though in reality the image rests in two dimensions.

3-D SPACE - Complicated and realistic animations. - appear in 3D, length, width & height.

EXTENSIONS .txt .rtf .doc

FILE FORMAT Plain Text File Rich Text Format File Microsoft Word Document FORMAT FILE - appear in 2D length & width

EXTENSION .fla .swf .mov or .avi

Advantages

* contribute to the presentations overall look and feel. * used to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives.

Adobe Flash Shockwave MOV Advantages

GRAPHIC #create visually powerful effects on the screen # effective in the communication process to enhance the emotional impact of the message # break up the intensity of too much textual information.

used in multimedia applications as

# Complementary element - used as background and texture # Main focus - Logos, images, paintings, figures and photographs # Object

Source of animation

Download from the internet Using specific animation software Copying from CD

BITMAP GRAPHIC Types of graphic * Images that are made up of set of bits or pixels. * Can include images that come from a scanner, photograph or images from camera. * image format suited for creation of: - Photo-realistic images - Complex drawings - Images that require finedetail

VECTOR-DRAW GRAPHIC * Consists of line drawing. * Can include lines, shapes such as rectangles, elipses, arcs and typeset text. * Images are used in the following areas: - Computer-aided design (CAD) programs - 3-D animation programs - Applications requiring drawing ofgraphic shapes

AUDIO

5.3 Mode Of Multimedia Interactivity BACKGROUND MUSIC * Will set the mood of ambience for the presentation. * Can create an environment of excitement and anticipation. SOUND EFFECT * Serve to punctuate an event so that audience is alerted to the action. Eg: clicking a button * Sound effect for the transition to accentuate the changing of the screen NARRATION * Built-in narration can eliminates the need to have speaker standing at the front talking for the presentation * It is recommended that narrations be kept at minimum Types of interactivity

The way users interact with a multimedia application or program

ways to add audio to the presentation:

1. Linear interactivity 2. Non- linear interactivity

Linear interactivity

Types of audio

ANALOGUE AUDIO - Sound that you hear every day - It takes the form of signals that travel in continous waves. - Eg: music from the radio

AUDIO VIDEO - The actual representation of sound, stored in the form of samples (digitized sound) - Digital audio is created when the characteristics of a sound wave is representing in binary format (1,0) for use in digital devices. - Eg: music clips playing in a computer

# The multimedia contents are usually arrange in sequence. # User interacts with the multimedia application without controlling the progress of the content # Users have to follow the contents page by page. # User is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most of the time.

Non-linear interactivity

FILE FORMAT Audi Interchange File Format MPEG-1 Layer 3 Wave Windows Media Audio

EXTENSION .aiff .mp3 .wav .wma # Two way communication # Allow user to jump to any pages without following the sequence of the content pages. # User can control the progress and sequence of the multimedia content by using buttons or links.

Advantages

# capture attention and complement the multimedia content on screen # increase the associations the end-user makes with the information in their minds thus increasing their retention rate.

5.4 Multimedia Software

Source of audio

Download from the internet Record using a sound recorder Copying from CD

Authoring tools TIME-BASED Definition - the multimedia elements or events are presented and organized along a time line. PAGE-BASED - elements and are organized as pages in a book or a stack of cards ICON-BASED - elements and events are organized in a structural framework.

VIDEO

A series of frames containing pictures and sound played back at a fast rate. Advantages

Types of video

ANALOGUE VIDEO # Video is recorded onto magnetic tapes. # Video frames are interlaced.

DIGITAL AUDIO # The output is digitized by the camera into a sequence of single frames. # The video and audio data are compressed before being written to a tape or digitally stored. # Eg: video clips playing in a computer

- Good for creating animation - Easy to put animated and interactive movie

-Easy to understand (1 screen=1 card=1 page) - Easy to use and short development time - Allowing fast and easy creation of tests and scoring of responses without scripting.

- Clear structure - Easy to edit and update

# Eg: movies on VCRs and laser disc

Video compression allows digital video to be played in a computer. Codec (compressor/decompressor) is used to compress and decompress video data. FILE FORMAT Audio Video Interleave Moving Picture Expert Group Flash Video RealMedia Advantages EXTENSION .avi .mpg or .mpeg .flv .rm

Disadvantages

-Extensive scripting or programming required in order to get feedback from user interaction. - Music and sound file added can increase the file size and download time

- Did not support all sound formats - Some tools run only one platform (Hypercard-Apple Mac)

- Less variety of test questions - Difficult to learn

Example

Eg:Adobe Flash, Adobe Director and Ktoon.

Eg : ToolBook , HyperCard and SuperCard and Impress

Eg: Adobe Authorware and IconAuthor.

# can captivate our attention and helps us retain more information in our memory than with just text and graphics.

Source of video

Download from the internet Captured using a video camera Copying from the CD

Support software

* Used to create and edit plain text.

5.5 Medium Of Distribution

Text editor

SOFTWARE LibreOffice Word Microsoft Word Wordpad Notepad

EXTENSION .odt .doc .rtf .txt

CD ROM It can contain up to 80 minutes of full-screen video or sound.

DVD ROM Multi-layered DVD technology increases the capacity of current optical technology to 16 GB.

BLU RAY DISK A single-layer disc can fit 23.3, 25, or 27 GB (enough for approximately four hours of highdefinition video with audio)

Graphic editor

# graphics editor can edit picture or images, draw or illustrate pictures or objects. # Painting software such as Photoshop is dedicated to producing crafted bitmap images. # Drawing software such as Adobe Illustrator is dedicated to producing vector-based line art.

INTERNET Multimedia can be delivered online to different locations all over the world

INTRANET Users can upload and share multimedia presentation that they want to distribute throughout the organization.

SOFTWARE GIMP Adobe Photoshop CorelDraw Microsoft Paint

EXTENSION .xcf .psd .cdr .bmp

FLASH DRIVE They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity than many other data storage device

KIOSK large computer terminal, most often located in a public place, which the general public may use for various purposes.

Animation editor

* animation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D, special effects and animation for multimedia project and the Web.

SOFTWARE 3-D Blender Adobe Flash 3-D StudioMax Lightwave

EXTENSION .blend .fla .max .lw

Audio editor

# audio editor is used for voice recording or producing music and special sound effects for multimedia project

SOFTWARE Audacity Sound Forge Wavepad

EXTENSION .aup .wav .dvs

Video editor

* video editor is used to edit video. SOFTWARE OpenShot Adobe Premier Final Cut Pro PiTiVi EXTENSION .osp .ptl .fcp .ptv