2013 French Open

The 2013 French Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 112th edition of the French Open and the second Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the Stade Roland Garros from 26 May to 9 June.[1] It consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players also took part in singles and doubles events. Rafael Nadal was the three-time defending champion in the men's singles, and won the title to become the first man to win the same Grand Slam title eight times. Maria Sharapova was the defending champion in women's singles, but lost in the final toSerena Williams. This championship was the third time in grand slam history that two multiple slam sets were accomplished in two different disciplines, and that was Serena Williams in Women's Singles, and her fellow countrymen Bob and Mike Bryan in Men's Doubles. At the 1969 US Open, Rod Laver won his multiple slam set in Men's Singles, and his fellow countryman Ken Rosewall did in Men's Doubles. At the 2012 French Open,Mahesh Bhupathi won a multiple slam set in Mixed Doubles, and Esther Vergeerwon her multiple slam set in Women's Wheelchair Doubles.

Tournament
The 2013 French Open is the 112th edition of the French Open and is being held at Stade Roland Garros in Paris The tournament is an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the2013 ATP World Tour and the 2013 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as well as a mixed doubles event. There is a singles and doubles events for both boys and girls (players under 18), which is part of the Grade A category of tournaments, and singles and doubles events for men's and women's wheelchair tennis players as part of the NEC tour under the Grand Slam category. The tournament is being played on clay courts and is taking place over a series of twenty courts, including the three main showcourts, Court Philippe Chatrier, Court Suzanne Lenglen and Court 1.

2013 French Open Men's Singles

Rafael Nadal was the three-time defending champion and successfully defended his title by defeating compatriot and good friend David Ferrer who reached his first Grand Slam final 63, 62, 63. Novak Djokovic and Rafael Nadal were placed in the same half of the draw at a Grand Slam tournament for the first time since the 2010 French Open.[1] In their semi-final they played a notably long match which lasted 4:37 hours. Nadal eventually came through 64, 36, 61, 67, 97. With Roger Federer's quarterfinal loss, a new French Open finalist was guaranteed from the bottom half of the draw, and David Ferrer successfully reached the final in straight sets.,[2] meaning there would be an all-Spanish Grand Slam final for the first time since 2002[3] In beating Ferrer in the final, Nadal became the first man in history to win any Grand Slam tournament eight times, and overtook Bjrn Borg and Rod Laver in total Grand Slam titles with 12, tying with Australian Roy Emerson. He also tied with Max Decugis, who won 8 titles when the tournament was only open to French club members.

Despite the victory, Nadal dropped one place down the rankings to World No. 5, in the week beginning 10 June 2013, following Ferrer's run to the final.

Hockey
Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick. In many areas, one sport (typically field hockey or ice hockey[1]) is generally referred to simply as hockey.

Etymology
The word hockey itself is of unknown origin, although it is likely a derivative of hoquet, a Middle French word for a shepherd's stave. The curved, or "hooked" ends of the sticks used for hockey would indeed have resembled these staves.

History
Games played with curved sticks and a ball can be found in the histories of many cultures. In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from c.600 BC in Ancient Greece where the game may have been called kertzein or kerhtzein () because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick(kras, )[4] In Inner Mongolia, the Daur people have been playing beikou, a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1,000 years.[5] Most evidence of hockey-like games during the Middle Ages is found in legislation concerning sports and games. Similar to Edward's proclamation was the Galway Statute enacted in Ireland in 1527, which banned certain types of ball games, including hockey. By the 19th century, the various forms and divisions of historic games began to differentiate and coalesce into the individual sports defined today. Organizations dedicated to the codification of rules and regulations began to form, and national and international bodies sprung up to manage domestic and international competition. Ice hockey also evolved during this period as a derivative of field hockey adapted to the icy conditions of Canada and the northern United States.

Subtypes
Field hockey
Main article: Field hockey Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turf, with a small, hard ball approximately 73 mm (2.9 in) in diameter. The game is popular among both males and females in many parts of the world, particularly inEurope, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In most countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, although they can be mixed-sex. The governing body is the 116-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at each summer Olympic Games since 1908 (except 1912 and 1924), while women's field hockey has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980. Modern field hockey sticks are J-shaped and constructed of a composite of wood, glass fibre or carbon fibre (sometimes both) and have a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on the playing side and curved surface on the rear side. All sticks are right-handed left-handed sticks are not permitted. While current field hockey appeared in mid-18th century England, primarily in schools, it was not until the first half of the 19th century that it became firmly established.