MINE OF THE MONTH – NAMDEB
NAMDEB MINE FACTS
The Elizabeth Bay mine, south of Luderitz
Namdeb mulls
over next moves
Namdeb’s onshore and offshore operations produce
some of the world’s highest value diamonds using
some revolutionary mining techniques
O
NSHORE mining by Namdeb Diamond
Corp (Namdeb) takes place in a mainly
coastal section of the geologically
and environmentally unique terrain of
Diamond Area No.1, still known as the
Sperrgebiet (prohibited area), the name first given
to the locality a century ago by the German colonial
administration, which imposed strictly-restricted
access after the discovery of the first diamond in
1908 just inland from Luderitz.
The restrictions have been maintained successive-
ly by South Africa and since the country’s independ-
ence in 1990, by the Namibian government mainly
to reduce opportunities for diamond-theft. Entry
permits have to be obtained in advance from the
diamond security branch of the Namibian police and
the main production area, Mining Area 1 (MA1), is
protected by a double cordon-fence and sole access
is through a personnel control centre from the south,
with a mandatory full-body low-dosage X-ray scan
of all those exiting the area. Following the original
fluvial deposition over thousands of years of large
quantities of placer diamonds at the Orange river
mouth, wind and sea action were the major factors
10 Mining Magazine December 2006
10-12MM0612.indd 10
BY ROGER
MURRAY
spreading the deposits northwards along the coast.
But the juxtaposition of a mainly desert shoreline
and the cold the Atlantic Ocean, coastal mists and
often high winds, make for a climatically challenging
mining environment.
The Sperrgebeit covers 26,564 km2 – just 3% of
Namibia’s total land area – but is almost as large as
Belgium. Namdeb’s five onshore mining licences
cover 10,014 km2 or 37% of the Sperrgebiet, although
no mining currently takes place in the most northerly
Douglas Bay licence.
Mining operations are conducted at four locations
in the other licences, three along some 270 km of
coastline – MA1 stretching 100 km north of the
Orange River mouth and accounting for the bulk of
Location: Diamond Area No 1 (DA1), the Sper-
rgebiet (prohibited area) in the southwestern
Namib desert, comprising Mining Area 1 (MA1),
Northern areas of DA1 (Elizabeth Bay/Pocket
beaches), Orange River mines (Daberas current,
Sendlingsdrif planned).
Head office: Namdeb Centre, Windhoek.
Operating centres: Oranjemund (MA1/Orange
river mines); Luderitz (Elizabeth Bay/Pocket
beaches).
Established: 1994 (previously Consolidated
Diamond Mines (CDM) from 1920).
Current life: c10-20 years, dependent on the
extent to which additional resources currently
being evaluated for new innovative mining meth-
ods prove amenable to viable mining operations.
Ownership: 50:50 equal ownership by the
Government of Namibia/De Beers Centenary AG.
Mining methods: Overburden stripping, bedrock
cleaning, loading and hauling, dump retreatment,
dredging.
Employees (2005): 2,960 (permanent), labour
turnover, 6%.
production, Pocket beaches (Bogenfels licence), and
Elizabeth Bay. A fourth (Daberas) is located inland
within the Orange River licence.
THE RESOURCE CHALLENGE
Mining of the principal coastal deposits has been
carried out almost continuously since Namdeb’s
predecessor, Consolidated Diamond Mines
(CDM) was founded in 1920 by the late Sir Ernest
Oppenheimer, grandfather to the present De Beers
and Namdeb chairman, Nicky Oppenheimer, during
which time some 90 Mct of mainly gem-quality
diamonds have been recovered. These are the
world’s most valuable, averaging over US$350/ct,
more than treble the average value of the much
larger production from Botswana and South Africa.
The main dry-land deposits in MA1, conventionally
mined by large-scale overburden stripping, loading
and hauling, and bedrock cleaning, are now nearing
depletion, and as cost-effective onshore mining
becomes increasingly challenging, Namdeb has
become a pioneer in introducing technically-
innovative mining methods to exploit previously
inaccessible or uneconomic resources.
Until 1990, diamonds were entirely recovered
onland, but production of marine diamonds from the
Atlantic 1 offshore licence by Namdeb’s contractor, De
Beers Marine Namibia (DBMN) – using a fleet of deep-
sea mining vessels – has steadily expanded. In 2005,
offshore recoveries of 977,000 ct accounted for 55%
of Namdeb’s total output of 1,774,000 ct, up from a
53% share in the previous year, with a corresponding
decline in onshore’s share from 47% to 43%.
An essentially two-fold strategy has been adopted
to reverse this decline and to maintain and poten-
tially expand onshore production into at least the
next decade: ‘sweating the assets’ – new processes
to extract payable diamonds from areas currently
worked in MA1; the development of flexible mining
procedures and new-generation technology (marine
dredging, inshore mining) to recover diamonds from
22/11/06 12:22:08
 previously unexploited areas, both within and out-
side MA1. An important component is the progres-
sive mining of the known deposits inland along the
north bank of the Orange river which, although very
low-grade, yield the largest average diamond size of
all Namdeb’s production areas, and make a crucial
contribution to revenue.
The current programme for the development of
onshore mining is mapped out in two key docu-
ments, the ten-year Big Hairy Audacious Goal (BHAG)
adopted in 2000 and Namdeb’s Strategic Business
Plan (SPB). The latter, which is reviewed at least
annually, covers the 20-year period until the expiry
of Namdeb’s licences in 2020, but most identified
are due for implementation by the end of BHAG
Chapter 2 from 2006-10. BHAG Chapter 1 achieved its
goal to sustainably double Namdeb value using 2000
as the base year; under Chapter 2, the key aim is to
produce 10 Mct by 2010, or some 2 Mct/y.
Offshore recoveries will account for just over
half, but to meet the overall goal, requires a major
investment programme in new mining develop-
ments, some still at the pre-feasibility stage, to
ensure land-based recoveries are maximised on a
sustainable basis.
The SBP comprises three scenarios: base case
(existing operations); most likely (board-approved
projects with a positive NPV); blue sky (deposits
which are thought to contain carats, but not yet
board approved). The current base case indicates
onshore production of 3.7 Mct between 2006-10,
and only under the blue sky scenario would carat
recoveries significantly increase during the period.
The current blue sky scenario envisages a additional
3 Mct for some US$270 million in further capital
investment, which would push up total onshore
production to 6.7 Mct or some 1.3 Mct, a substantial
increase on the 798,000 ct recovered in 2005.
The biggest challenge is to get the blue sky
projects into the most likely scenario, for which a
number of strategic developments are ongoing.
Some of the bigger projects that have already com-
menced, include marine dredging – the offshore
dredging of diamondiferous material for pumping
ashore for treatment; mining of historic pocket
beaches in the Bogenfels licence area and dump re-
treatment in MA1. Still at the blue sky stage, although
considerable pre-feasibility, design and test work is
already underway, are inshore mining projects for
the inter-tidal corridor (ITC) and ultra-shallow water
(USW) along the MA1 shoreline and the develop-
ment of a second Orange river mining operation at
Sendlingsdrif, both of which would be implemented
following board approval towards the end of BHAG
Chapter 2 in 2009/10.
MAIN PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
MA1
The principal orebody is contained in raised beaches
or marine terraces along some 100 km of coastline
north of the Orange River, with overburden sand
and diamond-bearing gravel sequences on bedrock,
distributed northwards by the action of wind-
generated, longshore drift. However, most of the
dry land diamondiferous material extractable by
conventional bulk overburden stripping, loading
and hauling and bedrock cleaning is nearing
10-12MM0612.indd 11
The JetHex inshore mining sampling tool
depletion, with only a few remaining payable thick
overburden mining areas, mainly in the south. The
bulk of onshore carat recoveries within MA1 will
increasingly be sourced from wet ‘accreted beaches’
requiring different, more flexible, techniques for
efficient mining – in all some 80% of the main feed
areas are now below sea level. The accreted beaches
– containing virgin deposits – have been exposed
as the mainly sand-composed 21 m wide sea wall
along the shoreline has been pushed back by past
overburden stripping and mining.
The new seawall and bedrock line is now up to
120 m westwards of the original, with diamondifer-
ous material that was previously under the sea, now
accessible for mining. However, as the accreted
beaches are some 20 m below mean sea level, more
flexible mining methods and new working practices
are required, which has been met by the introduc-
tion of smaller, more manageable multi-functional
mining teams (mini-mines), with six in operation as
of 2006. Infield wet screening plants – reducing both
haulage costs and the amount of waste going to the
treatment plants – are used by these teams, which
are responsible for stripping, pumping, ore extraction
and bedrock cleaning. The ultimate intention is to
convert to continuous mining operations as starting/
stopping stripping and bedrock cleaning, reposition-
ing vehicles etc, causes considerable delays.
However, how to do this without risking an
increase in diamond theft at night has still to be
resolved, given that the final bedrock cleaning
process by Univac suction units – which recover the
higher-value stones – is manual.
PRODUCTION IN 2005
Total waste stripped: 57.9 Mt
Ore treated: 26.4 Mt
Diamonds recovered (‘000): 798
MA1 435
Elizabeth Bay 234
Orange River (Daberas) 129
Recovered grade: 3.2 ct/100 t
Average diamond size: 0.31 ct
(MA1 0.55 ct,
Orange river 1.46,
Elizabeth Bay 0.14 ct)
MA1 contains four processing plants, of which
No 1 plant, the most northerly, has been decom-
missioned. Plants 2 and 3 were originally due to
have been converted for re-treatment of dump
material only, but run-of-mine operations have
been extended to 2007/08 by the successful beach
accretion mining campaign. Yields from mini-min-
ing, especially after screening, are much higher than
from dump material at some 8 ct/t per hour. Various
enhancements have been introduced to boost treat-
ment recoveries at No.4 plant, the most southerly,
where much of the throughput is clay rich material.
A pre-treatment plant (PTF) has been established
at two tailings dumps in the south of MA1, with the
final concentrate going for recovery at No 4 plant.
A floating treatment plant (FTP), which processes
material dredged from a water-logged area in the
south at some 1,500 t/h, was extensively damaged by
fire in 2005 and is currently inoperative, pending the
go-ahead for refurbishment.
A restructuring of MA1 was completed in 2005
with the appointment of business unit leaders for
different value centres to manage the change from
conventional onshore mining methods. These com-
prise value centre south (No 4 plant + PTF), value cen-
tre north (No 2 and 3 plants), dredge + FTP, recovery
tailings retreatment (RTR), optical sorting plant.
RTR and OPT
Orbit is a new treatment process introduced at No 4
plant to achieve optimal diamond recoveries using
innovative technologies. It comprises a recovery
tailings re-treatment (RTR) plant and optical sorting
plant (OPT), treating material from the large accumu-
lated No 4 plant dump, containing a reasonably high
average grade of 26 ct/100 t. The three-and-a-half
year project target is to process some 1.5 Mt or about
0.5 Mt/y, ending-up with a diamond-barren dump.
Orbit was commissioned in March 2006, and ramp-up
to full production has run ahead of the scheduled six
months. The key innovation is the introduction of a
new wet X-ray process to complement conventional
DMS treatment of primary material, with optical
sorters for a secondary stream including low-lumi-
nescent diamonds which would otherwise be missed.
Secondary stream material goes through a JS12
Ultrasort Wet X-Ray (8-25 mm coarse, 12 t/h feedrate),
three DP6 Ultrasort machines (2 x 1.4-4 mm fines, 2.5
t/h feedrate, 1 x 4-8 mm middles, 6 t/h feedrate), to a
Mikrosort optical sorter (fines 2 t/h feed-rate, middles
and coarse 10 t/h).
Dump Retreatment Project (DRP)
Costed at US$16 million, this project will enable re-
treatment of the No 3 plant accumulated dump, with
an additional 362,000 ct expected to be recovered
over the project’s six-year life. A project team was
appointed at the end of 2005, with phase 1 being
implemented in 2006, and phase 2 in 2007. Phase 1
involves a new plant front-end, scrubber modifica-
tions, new crushers, upgrading of the existing 400
t/hr DMS unit, installation of a new 200 t/h modular
DMS unit, and relocation of tailings dump conveyors,
with a preferential jaw crushing (PJC) plant and a
new water reticulation system to be installed under
phase 2.
Continued on page 12
December 2006 Mining Magazine 11
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 MINE OF THE MONTH – NAMDEB
TAGLINE
Continued from page 11
Pocket beaches
A mobile concept has been devised for the successive
mining of up to twelve sites located between Chameis
Bay and Bogenfels. Pocket beaches (PBs) are sedi-
ment-filled (marine and marine-reworked deflation
gravels) embayments at different elevations which act
as natural trap sites, typically bounded by rocky head-
lands. After successful mining of Sites 2 and 3 during
2004-05, a second phase at Sites 11 and 12 – some 60
km further north – is due to begin in 2007.
Operations use a compact mobile treatment
plant, moveable accommodation camp and new
work patterns based on a rotational shift working
arrangement- 14 days on/14 days off- with two
production and engineering teams. Site 2 was due
to shut down at the end of 2006, with most of its
equipment moved to Sites 11 and 12. But as these
lie some 20 metres below sea level an entirely
new mining process is to be deployed. A purpose-
designed 200 t diesel-driven cutter-suction (CS)
dredge will be used to remove sand overburden from
flooded areas behind a “cut-off ” sea wall, enabling
diamondiferous gravels to be recovered from the
drained, exposed bedrock. Under Namdeb’s 2006
capital spending programme, US$15 million, was
allocated for PB phase two, including the cost of the
dredge, construction of which was completed in July
2007 by Netherlands-based Vosta LMG.
The 50 m long dredge – with a 1,500 t/hr stripping
capacity – was due to be commissioned in November
2006, with the treatment plant to be moved from
Site 2 in January 2007 and full operations set to start
three months or so later.
However, because the dredge was damaged
and some components lost in transit from Durban to
Luderitz due to rough seas in September 2006, imple-
mentation has been delayed by about three months
to mid- 2007, Namdeb’s general manager, Chris
Sivertsen has confirmed. The dredge components
that did arrive safely have been assembled on site
and the lost components are currently being remanu-
factured in Malaysia and are due to be delivered in
February 2007.
Sites 11 and 12 contain a grade-rich resource,
two-thirds in Block 11A right on the beach just above
the high water mark, with recoveries of 580,000 ct
currently forecast during a two-year project life. The
wall is formed by cutting a slot in sections at a time
along the shoreline down to the bedrock and filling
it with a slurry of cement and stones which solidifies,
forming an impermeable barrier. The cutter dredge
expands and deepens the initial flooded area to
about 15 m depth by pumping out overburden over
the wall. When mining of the initial area is completed
the dredge will cut its way to Site 12, where the
process will be repeated.
Elizabeth Bay
This is currently the largest placer diamond deposit
mined anywhere in the world, and is located just to
the south of Luderitz, the mine’s service base. The
orebody lies within a north-south trending valley
wind corridor some 7 km long (inland from the shore)
and 3 km wide, and comprises a basal succession of
cemented grits and sandstones, an intermediate suc-
cession of compacted grits and sands with superficial
12 Mining Magazine December 2006
10-12MM0612.indd 12
Satellite image showing the Sperrgebiet area and types
of diamond placer deposition
deflation grits on the surface. The current mine en-
tered production in 1991 to treat unconsolidated ma-
terial, and since 2004 the harder, cemented material
under a US$61 million life-of-mine extension project
– providing for a doubling of production, prolonging
mining by six to ten years. This involved construction
of a new liberation treatment plant section. Ramp-up
to full production has been hampered mainly to the
premature wear of newly-installed primary crusher
equipment caused by ore abrasiveness, and front-
end dewatering constraints. Innovative solutions
have been applied by the mine manager, Gert Nissen,
and his team, with most of the problems now largely
resolved. A new haulage fleet acquired in 2005 has
improved mining utilisation and lowered costs.
Production has approximately doubled to in
excess of 200,000 ct/y, around a quarter of Namdeb’s
total onshore recoveries, while remaining below
target. But performance improved in 2006, with ac-
tual output expected to be much closer the 348,000
ct year target, and the mine recorded its best-ever
monthly output in July. Although Elizabeth Bay
diamonds are mainly smaller sized stones, there is
strong demand for these categories from the Indian
cutting industry.
Continuous operations began in mid-2005, with
an increase in directly-employed workers to just
under 300 (99% Namibians), plus another 100-150
contract employees. Mining – by 100 x 100 m blocks
– is progressively moving nearer to the shore, now
about 2 km away. At current extraction rates, produc-
tion from this area will continue for another four
years, with a further 3-5 years of mining the accreted
beach deposits. Drilling and blasting is needed to
fragment cemented material into a manageable size
for loading and hauling to plant.
Consolidated material enters wet gyratory primary
crusher, with secondary and tertiary crushing until
all material is 6 mm and below. In the recovery plant
section, dense-media separation (DMS) is used to
concentrate high density material in the end product
of the liberation section. After recovery by a two-
stream X-ray circuit, concentrate goes to a Raven
single particle sorter (SPS) using a laser as a source to
seperate diamond and non-diamond particles. The
final product is canned for weekly shipment to the
Oranjemund sort house. Efficiency has dramatically
improved since commissioning, with only 5% waste;
initial shipments were mainly waste, but are now
virtually all diamond product.
Orange River mines
The diamonds mined along the north bank of the
Orange River – first at Auchas, currently at Daberas
and in future at Sendlingsdrif – are mainly located
in ancient gravel terraces and fluvial trap sites. The
highest grades and largest stones are found in scours,
and most mining involves preliminary blasting of the
rock. Production at Dabaras is currently due to end
in 2010, when it would switch to processing material
trucked from Sendlingsdrif. Only Auchas and Daberas
have been partially mined to date, with significant
resources still remaining at Arisdrift, Auchas Lower,
Auchas (remnant mining), Obib and Sendlingsdrif.
In 2005, Dabaras produced 128,889 carats, with 5.4
Mt treated at its and overburden stripping of 8.4 Mt.
This accounted for 7% of Namdeb carat recoveries
and 15% of its US$540 million sales revenue in 2005.
due to the large average size and quality of the
stones.
MOVING TOWARDS THE FUTURE
Namdeb has devised a revolutionary approach to
mining resources previously deemed unmineable
– in both technical and economic terms – by
developing new-generation technology. These
essentially involve Namdeb going to sea in the
search for additional diamond-bearing material, and
involve the mining of hitherto untapped inshore
and marine resources for onshore treatment which
could potentially enable the additional recovery of
very large quantities of diamonds. The two main
initiatives are the Marine Dredging Project (MDP) and
the Inshore Mining Project (IMP), currently at the pre-
feasibility, testing and development stages.
Marine dredging project
If this proves successful it would be a huge step
towards prolonging onshore mining, by tapping a
large proportion of the Atlantic 1 marine diamond
resource which is currently uneconomic or
unmineable by deep-sea mining vessels. The aim is
to profitably access mainly lower-grade resources in
both shallow and deep-water areas with a trailing
suction hopper dredge (TSHD), effectively ‘using a
sea resource to make it treatable on land’, according
to Namdeb assistant general manager for projects,
Tjaart Willemse.
A 2005 initial trial using the Vasco da Gama at
Chameis Bay evaluated technical risks and proved
the practicality of mining diamond-bearing material
offshore using a TSHD for pumping onshore via a
pipeline. Further trials in the deeper deposit areas
of Atlantic 1 were conducted in the first half of 2006
to evaluate the technology’s economic viability. The
final TSHD design will be operate at between 18-135
m water depths, mining at some 900 m2/hr, using
up to four drills plus possibly a crawler to penetrate
the 4-10 m of sediment covering the main seabed
resource. Recovered gravels would be pumped
ashore through a 1.2 m diameter flexible-ended
steel pipeline. Dredged material will be taken to
a pipeline connection point near the coast, using
hopper capacities of up to 33,000 m3. The material
Continued on page 14
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 MINE OF THE MONTH – NAMDEB

Continued from page 12
will be pumped into old mined-out paddocks, which
after de-watering will be hauled to an onshore
treatment plant. Under the current project timescale
a commercial-scale marine dredging treatment
plant would be commissioned by 2009. Treating
wet clayish ore containing shells will be the main
design challenge, with a test plant currently under
construction to process some 750,000 t of material
pumped ashore during the Atlantic 1 dredging
trial, due to be commissioned in the first quarter of
2007. Once evaluated, treatment information will be
used for a feasibility study to be completed in the
first half of 2008, followed by detailed design and
construction of a larger, commercial-scale plant.
Namdeb’s SBP currently projects marine dredg-
ing output of 664,000 ct to the end of 2010, some
330,000 ct/y. But marine dredging could ultimately
produce far greater volumes over a period extending
beyond 2020. Only a small portion of Atlantic 1
– 30 km2 or 0.5% of the 6,089 km2 licence area has
been mined to date. T
he current estimated resource – of some 12 Mct
– covers 167 km2 or just under 3% of Atlantic 1 (which
is sectioned into 10 m2 blocks), but the provisional
‘global’ resource covers a much larger area of 1,400
km2, almost a quarter of the licence area, of which
586 km2 has been sampled. This could be mined by
marine dredging at a 0.1% cut-off, with potential
recoveries of over 30 Mct.
The cutter-suction marine dredge designed for use in
mining pocket beaches
Inshore mining project
The development of on-beach and off-beach new
generation mining systems is currently at the
pre-feasibility stage. The aim is to complete full-
scale sampling programmes and critical systems
development by the end of 2007, followed by
feasibility studies to determine if inshore mining is
economically viable. If the present project schedule is
adhered to, mining operations could start in 2008/09
and depending on the size of the identified resource
could continue beyond 2020.
The project scope covers the complete inshore
area along MA1 comprising two distinct areas – the
inter-tidal corridor (ITC) and ultra-shallow water
(USW). The ITC are the linear beaches from west of
the current limit of conventional mining operations
to the low water mark. The USW, also referred to as
the surf zone area, extends west of the low water
mark out to the 15 m isobath. The SBP business case
for inshore mining is based on sufficient confidence
in the potential resource for large-scale investment to
investigate the feasibility of ‘economic and substan-
tive’ mining operations.
Two self-propelled and self-elevating machines,
the Jet Rig and the Seawalker, have been constructed
for bulk sampling and trial mining in the ITC and
USW respectively, and are effectively prototypes for
vertical attack mining systems (VAMS) to be designed
for commercial mining of both areas. Both can
extract diamond-bearing gravel from bedrock gullies.
Current VAMS design concepts include a mining
tool sliding support leg or sliding support tower to
which a jet pump mining tool would be attached,
with umbilicals for electricals, sea water intake and
for conveying mined material to shore (with pumps
located inside the VAMS platform), where on-beach
dewatering and primary/secondary screening plants
would be located, with final recovery at existing MA1
onshore plants. The Jet Rig is currently fitted with
a 250 mm diameter Mark 2 annular jet pump tool
– 67% lighter than the Mark 1 – with design work in
progress for an even lighter Mark 3, while a wet gully
mining suction tool prototype is at the design stage.
The 160 t diesel/hydraulic-powered Seawalker was
procured in 2003 for USW sampling from Seacore of

STOPPING Power! the UK and was adapted from drilling platforms used
in the North Sea. It comprises an eight-legged WSEP,
which has been tested as a gully mining machine
The Twiflex GMR series, caliper disc brake, solves many
braking concerns on both Draglines and Shovels. prototype in the MA1 dredge pond. The Seawalker
is essentially a modular jacking platform, with 12 m
- Significantly less “down time” for repairs or maintenance long legs, enabling it to mine down to the USW
- Both light weight and modular in design. One caliper weighs just bedrock at 10 m. The 300 t electro-hydraulic Jet Rig
32kg is an eight-legged walking and turning self-elevating
- Designed for both emergency and non emergency stops
- Reduced risk of overheating platform developed which uses a 250 mm primary
- Spring applied – low pressure, air release “Namdeb mining tool and a 125 mm secondary clean-up tool,
has devised a with onboard screening by a 30 t/h DMS unit.
Key project objectives include completing bulk
revolutionary sampling and trial mining, obtaining an onshore indi-
approach cated resource estimate, and finalising VAMS design
by the third quarter of 2007, with an inshore mining
to mining feasibility study by the third quarter of 2008.
resources
previously Uubvlei engineering complex
One of Namdeb’s unique assets is the engineer-
deemed ing workshop complex at Uubvlei in MA1, which
unmineable” comprises a self-sufficient maintenance facility.
Uubvlei services Namdeb’s entire earth-moving and
mining fleet, along with all other vehicles, and also
has the capacity for the design of purpose-built or
specially-adapted equipment. Very little mainte-
Twiflex Limited
The Green, Twickenham, nance is currently out-sourced and there is a test
Middlesex TW2 5AQ, England facility to check repaired vehicles. The vehicle fleet
CUSTOMER ENQUIRIES: will diminish as bulk earth moving operations are
Telephone: +44 208 893 9622 cut-back, inevitably reducing economies of scale for
Facsimile: +44 208 894 6056 a stand-alone complex. Future options for Uubvlei
Website: www.twiflex.com are currently being assessed, ranging from providing
Email: sales@twiflex.co.uk
ADVANCED BRAKING TECHNOLOGY repair facilities to other mining operations or scaling
it back and moving progressively to outsourcing.

14 Mining Magazine December 2006

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