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Lahore University of Management Sciences 132 Introduction to Logic

Fall 2012
Instructor Room No. Office Hours Email Telephone Secretary/TA TA Office Hours Course URL (if any) M. Shabbir Ahsen 215 Tuesday 4-5, Thursday 12-2pm sahsen@lums.edu.pk 35608054

Course Basics Credit Hours Lecture(s) Recitation/Lab (per week) Tutorial (per week) Course Distribution Core Elective Open for Student Category Close for Student Category COURSE DESCRIPTION

4 Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week

Duration Duration Duration

100 Minutes x 2

Elective Preference be given to Freshman and Sophomore Those who have done Phil 130

The course has been designed to introduce to the students the methods and techniques used to evaluate arguments. It assumes no prior knowledge of either philosophy or mathematics as it is an introductory level course that covers the main areas of logic, which includes both Classical and Modern Logic along with Induction, Scientific Reasoning and Modal Logic. The course begins by introducing the basic concepts used in logic before exploring the domain of Aristotelian logic. We then move to Modern Deductive. Here Propositional Calculus and Predicate Calculus are introduced along with different methods for determining the validity of arguments (and generating counter examples). Induction and Scientific Reasoning will be introduced after Predicate Logic. Modal concepts are treated towards the end of the course.

COURSE PREREQUISITE(S) None

COURSE OBJECTIVES

To familiarize students with the concepts, methods and techniques employed in logic. To help students sharpen their reasoning talents by equipping them with the skills to asses arguments To increase their capacity to formulate sound and cogent arguments.

Learning Outcomes

Lahore University of Management Sciences


The recognition that reason can be applied in every aspect of human affair . [Copi] To enable students to understand and critically analyze texts and arguments. Enhancing problem-solving skills.

Grading Breakup and Policy Assignment(s): Home Work: Non-graded. Quiz(s):30% Class Participation: Attendance:5% Midterm Examination:30% Project: Final Examination: 35%

Examination Detail Yes/No: Yes Combine Separate: Combine Duration: 100 Minutes Preferred Date: Exam Specifications:

Midterm Exam

Final Exam

Yes/No: Yes Combine Separate: Combine Duration: 100 Minutes Exam Specifications: Closed books, closed notes. Help sheet will be provided.

COURSE OVERVIEW

Week/ Lecture/ Module

Topics Introduction: Basic Concepts Recognizing Arguments Diagramming arguments

Recommended Readings Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in A Concise Introduction to Logic (Page 1-31, 59-70)

Objectives/ Application Introduction Basic Concepts

Week 1

Week 2

Deduction and Induction Truth, Validity and Soundness Counter example Problem Solving

Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in A Concise Introduction to Logic (Page 31-59)

Introduction continued

Week 3

Classical Deductive Logic: The logic of terms Categorical Proposition Immediate Inferences Square of Opposition Obversion, Conversion Contraposition

Chapter 3. Categorical Propositions in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 188240)

Analyzing arguments involving single premise Relationships among standard form categorical propositions

Lahore University of Management Sciences


Categorical Syllogism: Mood and Figure Categorical Syllogism: Validity with the help of Venn Diagram Validity with the help of Rules and Fallacies Weak Syllogisms and existential import Translation of Ordinary language propositions into standard categorical Form Categorical Syllogism in ordinary language Enthymemes Sorites Disjunctive Syllogism (Both Exclusive and inclusive) Hypothetical Syllogism: Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens and Pure HS Dilemma Reductio ad Absurdum Modern Deductive Logic: The Logic of Propositions Propositional Calculus: Syntax and Semantics Logical Connectives: Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction, Conditional, & Biconditional Truth Table: Truth value of molecular proposition, Equivalence, Contradiction and Tautologies, Validity Shorter Truth Table: Validity and Counter example Other Methods: Truth Tree and its applications Formal Deduction and validity Predicate Logic: Quantifiers Translation of ordinary language proposition into Predicate Logic Validity Counter example Predicate Logic: Validity with Truth trees Validity with Formal Deduction Identity Induction: Inductive Generalization and Fallacies of Generalization Inductive Analogy Causality and Mills Methods Chapter 5. Categorical Syllogisms in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 240-275) Analyzing arguments involving two premises Introducing different methods for evaluating syllogistic reasoning. Spotting errors in syllogistic reasoning. Analyzing Arguments in ordinary language Reducing ordinary language arguments to standard form syllogism/heaps of syllogism

Week 4

Chapter 5. Categorical Syllogisms in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 275-285)

Week 5

Week 6

Chapter 6. Propositional Logic in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 287-328) Dilemma from Copis

Introducing and analyzing typical argument forms used in everyday life and in specialized areas of inquiry. Spotting errors in reasoning

Chapter 7.Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 348403)

Enhancing reasoning ability by introducing symbolic logic, truth table technique.

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Chapter 7.Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 348403) Truth Tree from Jefferys Formal Logic Chapter 8. Predicate Logic in A Concise Introduction to Logic, (Page 348-403)

Introducing different methods to evaluate arguments.

Introducing Quantifiers

Relations and Identity.

Week 10

Chapter 11 and 12 in Introduction to Logic (482-515, 519-547)

Induction and causality

Week 11

Lahore University of Management Sciences


Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Statistical Reasoning explanation: Scientific and unscientific* The Pattern of Scientific Inquiry Evaluation of Hypotheses Modal Logic Modal Logic Review before final exam A Concise Introduction to Logic,A Concise Introduction to Logic, Belmont CA, Wadsworth 8th Edition, 2003. 11th edition, 2012. Introduction to Logic, New York, Macmillan Co. 9th Edition, 1998. 14th edition 2010 [13th edition 2009 (Pakistani reprint) is available in the market] The Logic Course, Ontario, Broadview Press, First Published in 1995.
The Power of Logic, Mountain view CA, Mayfield Publishing Co, 2000, and 2002.

Chapter 13 in Introduction to Logic 13th edition (559-577) Chapter 4 Using Statistical Reasoning in The Logic Course Chapter 12 in The Power of Logic, 2000 (588-603)

Logic of explanation Scientific Method

Introducing modal concepts and their applications in logic

Textbook(s)/Supplementary Readings

Hurley, Patrick Copi, Irving DeHaven, Stevan


Layman, Stephan

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