NANOMEDICINES

Introduction
Nanotechnology involves manipulating properties and structures at the nanoscale, often involving dimensions that are just tiny fractions of the width of a human hair. Nanotechnology is already being used in products in its passive form, such as cosmetics and sunscreens, and it is expected that in the coming decades, new phases of products, such as better batteries and improved electronics equipment, will be developed and have far-reaching implications. Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nano-materials, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology. Current problems for nano-medicine involve understanding the issues related to toxicity and environmental impact of nano-scale materials. One nanometer is one-millionth of a millimeter. Often hailed as a revolutionary new technology, nanotechnology has the potential to impact almost every area of society.

Nanomedicine advantages and applications

There is a huge range of Nanomedicine devices which involves medical applications of nanomaterials, nanoelectronic biosensors, and even more useful and practical future applications of molecular nanotechnology. In the field of medical and biological world nanomedicine has greater significance as this application has facilitated the mankind so well. There are many instruments, devices and machines which nanomedicine has introduced. Naomedicine have significant applications in the world of medical sciences. It is one of the major technologies which have highly supported the entire field of medicine. One of the biggest advantages of nanoemdicne is that it can transform common medical procedures into faster one with 90 percent accuracy rate. Some of the examples of such implicational procedures are given below:

Diagnosis using nanomedicine: Diagnostic nano-apparatus could be attached to keep check of the internal chemistry of the body. Mobile nanorobots, with wireless transmitters, could easily circulate in the blood and lymph systems and can, and send out alerts when chemical imbalances appear within the blood. Nervous system tracking: Nanomedicine has also helped doctors to better understand the phenomenal changes in the human nervous systems. Fixed nanomachines could be inserted in the nervous system of the human body to monitor pulse rate, brain activity, and other important functions. Drugs dispersion: Live saving drugs are one of the important ingredients in the latest medicines but its unusual and its excess usage could cause death. Nanomedicine also has successful applications for the reduction of extra drugs from human body. Implantation of nanomedicine devices could disperse drugs or hormones as required in people with chronic imbalance or deficiency states. Heart and ECG machine: Advanced and fully equipped nanomedical heart trackers are present in the major hospitals to accurately track the heart beat and its down falls and also for treating it as needed in the body. In human heart defibrillators and pacemakers, nanodevices could influence the behavior of individual cells. Artificial antibodies: Nanomedicine was the first to conceptualize the artificial red and white blood cells and later on it successfully showed the positive results. Cancer patients are now treated by injecting artificial red blood cells to balance the human body blood level. Artificial antibodies, white & red blood cells and antiviral nanorobots could be considered as successful applications of nanomedicine.

Future perception
Researchers have established the excellent device with the help of nanomedicine and in near future nanomedicine applications will be including activity monitors, chemotherapy, biochips, , insulin pumps, ,needle less injectors, medical flow sensors and blood pressure, glucose monitoring devices and drug injecting systems. At its best nanomedical machine may replicate back to them and could cover up the deficiencies by replacing or improving the DNA molecules of body.

The advantages of nanomedicine are two-fold. In the short term we're looking at advances in drug discovery and drug delivery, as well as the continued miniaturization of analytical/ diagnostic procedures. In the long term we're looking at the ability to do in vivodiagnostics coupled with much more targeted, focused therapy. Now we just do general drug therapy: sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't, and some medications produce significant side-effects. If the promise of nanomedicine holds true, we'll be able to avoid those side-effects and we'll have better response to therapy because we'll know who to give it to and how to give it.

Challenges in Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine shows tremendous promise for improving medical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, but it also raises a variety of ethical concerns. Because of the paucity of data on the physicochemical properties of nanoscale materials in biological systems, clinical trials of nanomedicine products present some unique challenges related to risk minimization, management and communication involving human subjects. Although these clinical trials do not raise any truly novel ethical issues, the rapid development of nanotechnology and its potentially profound social and environmental impacts, add a sense of urgency to the problems that arise.

Bibliography
www.wikipedia.com www.undrestandingnano.com www.futuremedicine.com www.nanotechweb.org www.genome.gov