UNIT-I FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALOG COMMUNICATION

1. Define Amplitude modulation. 2. Define sidebands. 3. What is the need of modulation index? 4. 5. 6. 7. What is meant by the repetition rate of the AM envelope? What is under modulation? Define critical modulation. What is over modulation?

8. What is angle modulation? 9. Define direct frequency modulation. 10. Define direct phase modulation. 11. What is phase deviation? 12. What is instantaneous phase deviation? 13. Define deviation sensitivity. 14. Define percentage modulation. 15. Define deviation ratio.

PART-B 1. (i) Derive the amplitude modulated wave equation and explain each term with the help of the frequency spectrum(8) (ii) Explain the principle of operation of envelope detector with necessary diagrams (8). 2. (i)Define amplitude modulation. Derive an expression for the AM wave (8). (ii) Explain the generation and detection of amplitude and modulated signals using circuit diagrams (8). 3. (i)With the help of block diagram explain the operation of explain the operation of super heterodyne radio receiver .(8) (ii)Explain the method of generating narrowband FM signal (8). 4. (i) Explain how FM can be generated from PM (8). (ii)Explain the method of generating modulated signal with neat block diagram (8). 5. Explain the direct and indirect method of FM transmitters (16). 6. For amplitude modulation prove the following statements.(16)

I. II. III.

Power of the carrier pc is unaffected by the modulation process. Total power in an AM envelope increases with the modulation index. Modulation index m=Vmax-Vmin/Vmax+Vmin.

7. (i) Draw the block diagram of FM demodulator using PLL and explain (8). (ii) Explain the operation of Armstrong indirect FM transmitter (8). 8. Compare direct and indirect FM modulators. Draw the block diagram of a direct FM transmitter and describe its operation (16). 9. Draw the circuit diagram of a radio detector for FM demodulation and explain. State the advantages of a radio detector over slope detector and Foster-seeley detector (16). 10. Derive expression for AM wave. Define demodulation index and express its values in min terms of maximum and minimum voltage of signal. Draw the spectrum and time domain signal of AM wave (16). 11. Define AM and PM modulation. Write down their equations. Describe suitable mechanism that can produce PM from FM modulator (16). 12. (i) Draw and explain the operation of a varactor diode FM demodulator circuit (8). (ii) What are tuned frequency discriminators? Explain the operation of a balanced slope detector circuit.

UNIT-II DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

1. What is information capacity? 2. Define bit rate. 3. Define ASK. 4. Define bit time and baud rate. 5. Define FSK. 6. Define PSK and BPSK. 7. Define DPSK. 8. Define QPSK. 9. Define recovery. 10. Define Bandwidth efficiency. 11. List out the advantages and disadvantages of digital to analog modulation. 12. List out the merits and demerits of ASK. 13. List out the advantages and disadvantages of BPSK Signal. 14. List out the advantages and disadvantages of DPSK. 15. List out the advantages and disadvantages of QPSK. 16. Compare QAM and QPSK. 17. Compare Orthogonal and non-orthogonal BPSK. 2

PART-B 1. (i)With the neat block diagram, explain coherent binary FSK transmitter and receiver (8). (ii)Draw the block diagram of binary PSK system and explain with signal space diagram (8) 2. Explain the operation of FSK transmitter and receiver and discuss about the bandwidth requirements of FSK signals (16). 3. Write short notes on the following.(16) I. II. Costas loop method of carrier recovery. Differential PSK modulator.

4. Explain the working of BPSK transmitter and receiver using balanced modulator. Draw a QPSK transmitter block diagram and explain the working principle (16). 5. Draw the block diagram of a QPSK transmitter and explain. Derive the bandwidth requirements of a QPSK system (16). 6. Draw the block diagram of a non-coherent receiver for detection of binary FSK signals(16). 7. (i)Derive an expression for baud rate in PSK and FSK systems (8). (ii)Explain the generation and detection of QPSK signals (8). 8. (i)Explain the Quadrature amplitude modulation with the help of relevant diagram (12). (ii)Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain the operation (4). 9. Draw the block diagram of QPSK modulator and explain its operation. For QPSK modulator, construct the truth table, phasor diagram and constellation diagram (16). 10. What is carrier recovery? Discuss how carrier recovery is achieved by the squaring loop and costas loop circuits (16). 11. (i) Illustrate the concept of 8 QAM transmitters with the truth table (8). (ii) With neat diagram explain the generation of a DPSK signal and recovering the data from the DPSK signal (8).

UNIT-III DIGITAL TRANSMISSION

1. Define multiplexing. 2. What is digital pulse modulation? 3. List out the different methods of pulse modulation techniques.
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4. Define pulse width modulation. 5. Define sampling process. 6. What is sampling theorem? 7. What is aliasing? 8. Define Pulse Position Modulation. 9. Define Nyquist rate. 10. Define PAM. 11. Define PCM. 12. Define aperture effect. 13. What is pulse modulation? 14. Define quantization. 15. Define Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). 16. List out the different PCM sampling techniques. 17. How flat top sampling is performed? 18. Define A/D conversion time. 19. Define droop. 20. Define resolution. 21. Define digital Companding. 22. Define Companding. 23. Define Delta Modulation. 24. Define Granular noise. 25. Define eye pattern. PART-B (i) What are the types of pulse modulation? Explain them briefly (8). (ii) Draw the block diagram of PCM transmitter and receiver and explain the functions of each. 2. (i) Explain the noise in delta modulation (8). (ii) Explain delta modulation system with block diagram. 3. (i)Derive an expression for quantization of error (8). (ii) Explain adaptive delta modulation with block diagram (8). 4. Explain PCM and differential PCM with the helps of block diagrams (16). 5. (i)What are uniform and non-uniform quantizations? Derive the SNR ratio for uniform quantizer (8). (ii). Discuss about the causes of ISI (8). 6. Define ISI. How ISI can be reduced in digital transmission? Explain. (16) 7. (i)Explain the eye diagram and explain its importance in data transmission (8). (ii)Explain ISI for NRZ input signal (8). 8. Draw the block diagram and describe the operation of a delta modulator. What are its advantages and disadvantages compared to a PCM system? (16). 9. What are the types of sampling? Explain the operation of sample and hold circuit(16). 10. (i)What is Companding? Briefly discuss the analog Companding (8). 11. (ii)Draw the block diagram of a PCM transmitter and explain the functions of each block (8). 1.

UNIT-IV DATA COMMUNICATIONS 1. What is communication? 2. Name some characteristics of data communication. 3. Define Protocol and its key elements. 4. Define Communication standards. 5. What are standard organizations? 6. Define frame relay forum. 7. Define F/FDX with an example. 8. What do you meant by combinational circuit? 9. What do you meant by data communication codes? 10. What are the three types of characters used in data communication codes? 11. What is Bar code? 12. Mention the classification of Bar code. 13. Define error detection. 14. What are the error detection techniques? 15. What do you meant by redundancy checking? 16. Name the two error correction methods. 17. Define DTE. 18. Define parallel interface. 19. Mention the devices of IEEE bus. 20. Define Modem. 21. Name the types of Modems. 22. Define asynchronous voice band modems. 23. Define adaptive equalizers. 24. Name the two modem standards. 25. Define Modem equalizers.

PART-B 1. (i)Explain synchronous and asynchronous data transmission techniques (8). (ii) Explain the general interfacing for data transmission (8). 2. Explain the different types of transmission modes (16). 3. Explain the following with relevant block diagrams. i) Parallel transmission (8) ii) Asynchronous transmission (8).
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4. (i)Describe the most common error detection techniques (12). (ii) Briefly explain the two methods of error correction. 5. (i)Describe the features and purpose of serial interface (6). (ii) Describe the mechanical, electrical and functional characteristics of RS 232 interface (10). 6. Explain how vertical, longitudinal and cyclic redundancy checking is used for detecting the occurrence of errors in data transmission (16). 7. (i) Explain in detail the characteristics if IEEE 488 Bus (10). (ii) What is error control? Explain (8). 8. (i)How are errors detected and corrected in data communication? (8). (ii) Discuss synchronous and asynchronous modems briefly (8).

UNIT-V SPREAD SPECTRUM AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUE 1. Define spread spectrum. 2. What is the necessary for spread spectrum? 3. List out the various applications of spread spectrum communication. 4. Define Pseudo-Noise sequences. 5. Define Maximum length sequence. 6. Define direct sequence spread spectrum technique. 7. Define process gain. 8. Define frequency hop spread spectrum signals. 9. Define slow frequency hopping. 10. Define fast frequency hopping. 11. Compare slow and fast frequency hopping. 12. Compare DS-SS and FH-SS. 13. Define Multiple access. 14. Define FDMA. 15. List out the features of FDMA. 16. Define TDMA. 17. List out the features of TDMA. 18. Define CDMA. 19. List out the features of CDMA. 20. Define self jamming. 21. Why speech coding is done in wireless system? 22. Define linear predictive coding.
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23. Explain excitation generator block in multipulse excited LPC.

PART-B 1. (i).With the help of neat block diagram, explain DS spread spectrum system with coherent binary PSK. (ii).Compare the merits and demerits of TDMA and FDMA multiple access schemes (8). 2. Draw the block diagram of a simple PN sequence generator using shift register and obtain the output sequence. For this output sequence verify the properties of the PN sequence (16). 3. Explain the working of multi pulse excited LPC and code-excited LPC by suitable diagram (16). 4. Explain fast and slow frequency hopping techniques used in spread spectrum (16). 5. (i) Explain the different access techniques used in wireless communication(8). (ii)Explain code-excited LPC for speech coding with block diagram (8). 6. (i)Describe the structure of feedback shift register for generating PN sequence (8). (ii)Explain FH-CDMA acquisition and tracking with neat sketches. (8) 7. (i)Compare TDMA, FDMA, CDMA multiple techniques (8). (ii)What is Pseudo noise sequence? What are the properties of Pseudo noise sequence?(8) 8. (i)Describe the application of CDMA in wireless system (8). (ii)Describe the operation of a CDMA multiplexing system (8). 9. (i)Explain the near-far problem in spread spectrum modulation (8). (ii)Give the advantages associated with spreading a signal spectrum (8).