Resistive Circuits

(Superposition)
Lab 5b

Equipment List
DC power supply Decade resistance box 1.5k, 2.2k, 560

Superposition
The current or voltage at any point in a circuit containing multiple sources (current and/or voltage) is the superposition (sum) of the currents or voltages imposed separately by each source. Superposition only works for linear circuits i.e circuits with R, L, C.
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Summing Circuit
The summing circuit can be used for mixing 2 different signals like an audio mixer. An example of mixing occurs in a karaoke system where musical backup from a CD player (say V1) is mixed with a vocalist's performance at the microphone (say V2).

Simulation Experiment
Analyze the summing circuit shown below using superposition method (use P-Spice). File>Save, GND

Simulation (Contd.)
When re-drawing the circuit for series/parallel analysis with one source, all other voltage sources are replaced by wires (shorts), and replace all current sources with open circuits (breaks). Since we only have voltage sources (batteries) in our example circuit, we will replace every inactive source during analysis with a wire.
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Simulation step 1
First analyze the circuit with V1 alone as shown. (Use P-Spice)

Simulation step 1
Enter the values of voltage and current into Table 1 of the grading sheet.

Simulation step 2
Now analyze the circuit with V2 alone as shown. (Use P-Spice.)

Simulation step 2
Enter the values of voltage and current into Table 2 of the grading sheet.

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Superposition
Once the circuit is analyzed separately for individual sources, perform superposition (Use hand calculation). When superimposing these values of voltage and current, we have to be very careful to consider polarity (voltage drop) and direction (electron flow), as the values have to be added algebraically. Do the results from slide 5 match with the results of superimposed circuit.
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Hardware Experiment
Analyze the summing circuit shown below using superposition method. Remember to add GND to this circuit.

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Hardware Experiment (Contd.)

When re-building the circuit for series/parallel analysis with one source, all other voltage sources are replaced by wires (shorts), and replace all current sources with open circuits (breaks). Since we only have voltage sources (batteries) in our example circuit, we will replace every inactive DC source during analysis with a wire.
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Experiment step 1
First analyze the circuit with V1 alone as shown. (Add GND)

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Experiment step 1
Enter the values of voltage and current into Table 3 of the grading sheet.

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Experiment step 2
Now analyze the circuit with V2 alone as shown. Add GND.

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Experiment step 2
Enter the values of voltage and current into Table 4 of the grading sheet.

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Superposition
Once the circuit is analyzed separately for individual sources, perform superposition(Use hand calculation). When superimposing these values of voltage and current, we have to be very careful to consider polarity (voltage drop) and direction (electron flow), as the values have to be added algebraically. Do the results from slide 12 match with the results of superimposed circuit?
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