Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
INC [10/JULY/2013]
[HIGH-SCHOOLMATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERE
NTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[INTEGRATIONS OR ANTI-DERIVATIVES OR
INDEFINITE-INTEGRAL[CH-8]+DERIVATIVES[CH6]]
BY MOHAMMAD-SIKANDAR-KHAN-LODHI
2013
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
ANTI-DERIVATIVE = INDEFINITE-INTEGRAL = INTEGRATION:Text-Book : Mathematics-12 [ For Class-XII , Pre-engineering Group ] For Sindh Textbook Board
Jamshoro,Sindh. By Gaba Educational books, Urdu-bazaar Karachi,Pakistan.
Note: I learned This Chapter Integration in Grade 12 in pre-engineering course in high-school Karachi
Pakistan in between 2003-2005 .
Table of Contents
ANTI-DERIVATIVE = INDEFINITE-INTEGRAL = INTEGRATION:- ..................................................................... 2
8.1 ANTI-DERIVATION OR INTEGRATION:- ................................................................................................ 3
8.1.1 Formulas For Integrals Of The Form:- ............................................................................................. 5
8.1.2 Definite-Integral:-............................................................................................................................ 5
[
]; ............................................................ 6
]; ....................................... 34
{:.
} ................................................................................................... 34
{:.
}.................................................................................................... 35
{:.
}.................................................................................................... 36
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{:.
} ............................................................................................................................... 36
{:.
} ............................................................................................................ 37
{:.
}................................................................... 38
{:. [
{:.
]; } ................................................................... 40
} ................................................................................... 40
]; ............................................................ 88
]; ................................................................................... 94
8.1 ANTI-DERIVATION OR INTEGRATION: In the previous chapter, we discussed the problem of finding the derivative
of a given function .
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However, many of the most important applications of Calculus lead to the
inverse problem of finding the function when its derivative is given .
The required function is called an anti-derivative or an indefinite integral of
the given derivative.
The process of finding it is called anti-derivation or integration.
To be precise, let functions from A
to . then F is called an
antiderivative of f if F(x) exist and *
]
for all x A.
Often, we shall say F(x) is an anti-derivative or an integral of f(x) over A to
mean that F:A is an anti-derivative of f:A .
Originally, the concept of antiderivative or integral of a function f, was
developed in order to find a certain area.
C=constant of Integrations=Arbitrary-constant, and f(x)=integrand.
[
];
The expression
[
];
Is called the indefinite integral, or just the integral of f(x) with respect to x, and
is denoted by
[
];
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8.1.1 Formulas For Integrals Of The Form:[
];
As [
[
ii.
];we have [
];
Again , as [
];we
have [
iii.
]; provided
]; provided [
Finally, as [
];
]; we have
];provided [
];
Example:
1. [
];
2. [
];
8.1.2 Definite-Integral:If a & b are two real numbers[ + such that a b,we defined the
quantity.
[
];
As the definite-integral of f(x) between a and b, and write it as
[
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
[
];
];
The real numbers a & b are called the Lower & Upper limits of the
definite-integral.
The Real-number represents the area A bounded by the curve y=f(x) and
the lines x=a, x=b, see figure 8.1 below .
The shaded portion shown in figure is the area A .
[
];
Fig 8.1
Standard Formulae For Integration : In the chapter on differentiation we get a large number of standard
formulas for differentiation.
Using these , we now get the following set of standard formulae for
integration.
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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S.No f(x)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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23
24
25
26
];
1. [
];
[
];
Let, [
];
We differentiating w.r.t x
[
];
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[
];
];
];
];
]; answer
2. [
]:
----------Ex # 1:
Find
[
];
Solution:
Let: [
];
Differentiating w.r.t x
[
];
[
];
];
];
];
[
--------------finished hereEx# 2
Find [
]; answer
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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Solution:
[
];
Let :
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t theta [ ]
[
];
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
---------------finished-heree-------Example # 4 :Find [
Solution:
[
{:.
];
];
}
{:.
Let , [
[
[
[
}
];
];
];
];
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[
];
];
]; Answer.
------------finished-here------Ex # 5 :
Find [
Solution:
];
[
We do like that
[
[
Let:
[
[
[
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-------finished-here-------------8.2.2 Substitution in Definite-Integrals : When a substitution is made in a definite-integral, the limits of integration should also be changed.
The new limits are obtained as the values of new variable when the old variable equals the old limits.
We illustrate this by some examples. As follow :
Ex # 1 :- Evaluate: [
];
Solution:-
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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We have a given definite integral in below eq-A.
[
];
Let ,
[
];
];
];
];
];
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-----------Finished-here----------Example # 2 :Find [
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
Let, [
];
];
];
]; [
]:-
];
];
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------------Finished-here-----------
8.2.3 TRIGONOMETRIC-SUBSTITUTIONS:
If the integrand contains expressions of the form in below table then we use the following Trigonometric substitutions:
S.No
1
Integrand
Trigonometric-substitutions:
2
3
------------------Ex # 3 : Evaluate the following :
[
];
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Solution:
[
];
Let: [
];
Differentiating
[
];
For Radical [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
are:
]; [
)]
];
];
]; [
)]
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
];
];
];answer
----------finished-here------
8.3 INTEGRATION BY COMPLETING THE SQUARES: If the integrand involves a quadratic expression in the denominator or under a radical, a useful device is to complete the square.
Ex # 1: Find [
];
Solution:
Let:
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-----------finished-here---------Ex # 2 :- Find [
];
Solution:
[
];
So,
[
];
Let: [
];
];
[
[
[
For
];
];
];
:-
];
{:.
[
[
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
];
];
Consider
:-
];
Formula :[
];
];
];
];
Consider
:-
];
Let: [
];
Differentiating w.r.t y
[
];
];
];
];
];
------------For y:
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t y.
[
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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---------
do it later .
--------------finished here-------
Ex 8.6
Home work
--------------finished here--------
];
Example # 4 :Find [
Solution:
Let : [
]; & [
];
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t x
[
];
];
[
];
Integrating w.r.t x
[
[
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
];
];
];
Do it later
------------finished here------------Some Important Formula to remember as following :
[
]; to evaluate certain integrals.
Ex 5 calculate [
];
Solution:
Let : [
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
----------finished-here------
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
Where
and
are non-zero.
If we wish to combine these three terms together into a single fraction, we can easily do so by the usual method. Thus
[
];
];
];
];
Thus ,
[
];
Where:
{:. [
]; }
Where
are the degree of polynomial [ or highest degree of polynomial ] R(x) , D(x) and N(x) respectively.
Hence we restrict ourselves in what follows, to proper-fractions.
We know that it is always possible to express polynomial D(x) as a product of factors which are linear or quadratic with real
coefficients.
The linear factors correspond to the real roots of the equation D(x)=0 while the quadratic factors correspond to complex roots which
occur in conjugate pairs.
We suppose this done , then every proper-fraction can be resolved into partial-fractions in accordance with the following
theorem whose proof is beyond the scope of this book.
8.5.1 Theorem:Every proper fraction N(x)p<n /D(x)n can be resolved into algebraic sum of Partial-fractions as follows:
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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i.
If a linear-factor (ax+b) occurs once as a factor of D(x) , there is a partial-fraction of the form *A/ax+b+ where A is a
constant. [
ii.
];
If a linear-factor (ax+b) occurs k times as a factor of D(x), there are k Partial-fractions of the form :
];
];
If a Quadratic-factor (
];
We illustrate the method of determining the unknown constants in the following examples .
In each case, the result may be checked by adding the partial-fractions to get the original expression.
Case-I: when the factors of the denominator D(x) are all linear and distinct.
Ex # 1 : Resolve into Partial-fractions.
[
];
Solution:
As the denominator is
Let: [
];
];
];
];
];
];
-----------
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Let : [
];
];
Either: [
];
Or [
];
Or [
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
For B:- [
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
For C:- [
];
];
];
{:. [
]; }
];
];
[
[
];
];
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[
];
]; [
]; [
];
];
We get ;
[
];
]; Answer.
-----------finished-here---------Case-II:- when all the factors of the denominator D(x) are linear but some are repeated.
Example # 2:- Resolve [
]; into Partial-Fractions ?
];
Let : [
];
];
];
];
];
];
Let [
];
];
Either :- [
]; [
Or [
[
For B[
];
]; [
]; [
]; [
]; [
];
] :- [when [
]; ]:-
[
[
];
];
];
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[
];
];
];
For C :- [ WHEN [
]; ]:-
];
];
[
[
];
];
]; [
]; [
];
];
]; Answer
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
{:.[
];}
To find B & C , we equate the coefficients of x2 and the constant terms on the two sides of eq-T to get;
{:.[
];}
[
[
]; [
];
{:. [
];
]; }
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
]; [
];
];
For A:Let : [
];
]; [
];
];
{:.[
];}
];
];
];
]; [
];
]; [
];
]; [
];
];
]; Answer
Solution:By parts (i) and (iv) of the theorem (sec 5.2.1), we may write:
[
];
];
];
Let:
[
];
Either:
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[
];
];
Or
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
WHEN [ x1 =1 ]:[
];
];
..
];
Again , equating the coefficients of x4,x3,x and the constant terms, on the two sides of eq-1, we get
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-------------FINISHED-------------
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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8.6 INTEGRATION OF RATIONAL-FRACTIONS :When the integrand consists of a rational function, we resolve this function into an algebraic sum of partial fractions by the methods decribed
in sec # 8.5 .
Its then generally possible to carry out the integration as illustrated in following examples.
Example 1:
Find [
]; ?
Solution:
We have
[
];
];
];
];
Let:
[
];
];
Either:
[
[
];
];
Or
[
];
];
];
];
{:. [
]; [
]; }
];
When x1=a :[
];
];
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[
];
[
[
];
];
When
:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
So,
[
];
{:. [
]; [
]; }
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------Finished-here----------Example 2:
Find [
]; ?
Solution:
Resolving into partial fractions, we get
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[
];
];
Let:
[
];
Either:
[
[
];
];
Or
[
];
[
[
];
];
Or
[
];
[
[
];
];
];
{:. [
]; [
When [
]; [
]; }
]; :-
];
];
];
[
[
When [
];
];
]; :-
[
[
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
When [
]; :-
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
So,
{:. [
]; [
]; [
]; }
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
--------------Finished----------Example 3:-
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Find [
];
Solution:[
];
Dividing the numerator by the denominator using the method of long division , we get,
Hence,
[
];
];
];
];
]; Answer
--------------finished-------Example 4:Find [
];
Solution:[
];
So, that
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
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----finished---------Example 5 :Find [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
So that,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];Answer.
---finished------Example 6:Find [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
Let,
[
[
];
];
];
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[
];
]; Answer .
-----------finished---------
Q1) [
];
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];Answer
------------finished--------Q4) [
];
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];
];Answer.
_------------------Finished---Q5) [
]; ?
Solution:[
[
];
];
-----------
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:. Formula :
[
];
----------------------[
];
];
]; Answer.
----------------finished------Q9 ) [
];
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];Answer.
------------Finished------Q10) [
];
Solution:[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------finished------Q11) [
]; ?
Solution:{:.
[
[
}
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
--------finished--------Q12) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-----------Finished-----Evaluate:Given: [
]; ?
Solution:------------------{:.
-----------------[
];
];
];
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[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
----------Finished----Q13) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
-------------{:.
---------------
];
];
];
];
];
];
--------{:.
];
];
];
]; Answer.
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-------Finished-----
Q14) Definite integral Problem: [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
] so,
];
];
---------{:.
---------------
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
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..
[
]; Answer.
------------Finished-----Q16) [
];
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];Answer.
------------Finished-----Q17) [
];
Solution:[
];
{:.
[
}
];
];
];
];
];
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--------------{:.
{:.
-----------[
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-------------Finished-----Q)[
]; ?
Solution:{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-------Finished--------Q18) [
]; ?
Solution:-
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
----------{:. [
]; }
-------[
];
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
Solution:{:.
So,
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
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Page 40-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
Solution:[
[
];
];
Let,
[
]; , [
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------Finished---------Note: Now we divide the study of Integration into certain sets in order to systematically learned the Integrations or anti-derivatives Chapter .
--------------------FORMULAS OF HALF-ANGLE:[
];
];
];
OR
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Page 41-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
-----------------Q1 ) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
--------------{:. [
]; [
]; }
];
];
-----------[
];
{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
----------------
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Page 42-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
This show that the integrations and differentiations are inverse operations.
-------------[
]; Answer.
{:. [
]; }
------------Finished---------Q2) Set-8 , [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
{:.
{:.
{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];Answer
------------Finished----------Q3 ) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
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Page 43-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------Finished---------Q4) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
---------------:.
[
];
];
---------------[
];
For Radical:[
];
];
];
];
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Page 44-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
So, By placing the equivalent value of our Radical into the above given integral we get.
Our integral becomes.
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
------------:.
{:.
{:.
--------------[
];
];
];
CONSIDER
:-
];
Let ,
[
];
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Page 45-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
-------[
];
--------[
[
[
];
];
];
By placing the value of eq-B in eq-A , then eq-A becomes ,we get.
[
[
[
];
];
];
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Page 46-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
CONSIDER
:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
----------[
];
----------[
[
];
];
];
];
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Page 47-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
----------------------[
];
So, let,
For Radical :[
];
];
];
];
So,
Our above given integral becomes.
[
[
];
];
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Page 48-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
-----------[
];
------------[
[
];
]; Answer , but it the request from me to all viewers that please must verify the answer from
the book or Qualified teacher, because might be I did so, many mistakes here in my all notes .
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
----------------Finished-here------------Ex # 8.3 [ set-8 ]
Q6 ) or Q5 (xiv) ) => [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
{:.
------------------[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
--------------Finished-------[8.3] set-8
Q7) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
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Page 50-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
------------[
];
];
FOR RADICAL:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
----------:.
[
];
];
----------------CONSIDER
[
:];
]:-
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Page 51-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
---------[
];
-------[
];
CONSIDER
[
:];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
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Page 52-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
--------------------------Finished--------------Set-8
Q9) [
]; ?
];
So,
--------------[
];
];
[
[
[
];
];
];
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Page 53-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
Multiply & divide by [
];
];
];
Let ,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; {:. [
]; }
]; Answer .
INTEGRATION-BY-TRIGONOMETRIC-SUBSTITUTIONS:FORMULA:[
];
Let
[
]; Or [
];
--------------finished--------Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:-
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Page 54-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
]; {:.[
];}
]; {:.
];
];
]; Answer.
---------------Finished----------Set # 9(a)
Q2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
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Page 55-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
CONSIDER RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
{:.[
];}
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
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Page 56-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
]; Answer.
-------------Finished-------Set # 9(a)
Q3) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
CONSIDER Radical
:-
];
];
];
];
];
---------[
];
---------
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Page 57-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
----------[
];
];
-------[
];Answer.
-------------Finished--------Q4) [
];?
Solution:[
];?
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
[
{:. [
[
[
] :];
]; }
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
Place in eq-A,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
------------[
]; [
];
---------[
];
];Answer.
-------------Finished-------Q6) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
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Page 59-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
-----------[
];
----------[
];
];
];
];
];
FOR x3:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
Using differential on both side w.r.t theta
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
------------[
];
----------[
];
---------[
];
--------[
];
];
];
----------Because: => [
];
-----------Therefore
[
[
];
];
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Page 61-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
------[
];
];
-------------
];
]; Answer.
--------------Finished--------Set # 9(a)
Q 2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL
:-
];
];
[
[
[
];
];
]; its our Radical value .
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
------------FOR x2 :[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; [
];
]; its new lower limit of our new integral.
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
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Page 63-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
]; Or [
];
Let,
[
];
------------------Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
[
]:];
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Page 64-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
];
{:. [
[
]; }
];
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Page 65-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
{:.
];
];
..
Simple algebra used here.
[
]; Answer.
---------Finished-------Set # 9(b)
Q2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
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Page 66-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
SO,
[
];
];
]; Answer.
------------Finished-------Q3) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
---------------[
];
];
----------[
];
];
];
.
.Simple Algebra used here..
]; Answer.
----------Finished--------Q4) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
--------[
];
];
--------[
]; Answer.
---------------Finished----------Q5) [
]; ?
Solution:-
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Page 69-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
{:.[
]; }
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
{:.
[
[
[
}
];
];
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
-----------------[
];
[
[
{:.
---------------[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
--------[
];
-----[
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
Solution:-
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
do it your self
------------Finished----------------------Set # 9 (b) Finished-here------------
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
{:. [
];}
];
[
[
[
];
];
]; Its our Radical value.
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
FOR x :[
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
{:. [
]; }
];
];
];
];
];
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Page 73-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Consider
:-
];
];
];
So,
[
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR x :-
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Page 74-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
------------------Finished------------Q3) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t y
[
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
[
]:];
];
[
[
];
];
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Page 75-OF-113
[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
Let,
[
];
[
];
];
];
--------------------------finished----------
1.
Differentiation on power [
2.
3.
Differentiation on base [
b.
1.
Differentiation on power[
2.
Differentiation on base [
c.
Differentiation on log [
2.
d.
1.
Differentiation on power[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
2.
];
3.
Differentiation on base[
];
e.
If given function is [
1.
f.
];
Formula [
];
Formula [
];
];
g.
If given function is [
1.
Its derivative is [
];
];
c=anyconstant
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
2
S.No
dy/dx
10
----------Finished here--------------Ex#8.5 , Q) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t y
[
[
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
FOR y2 :[
];
];
]:-
];
];
];
];
]; its upper-limit.
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
..Simple Known Integration Applied here ,and simple Algebra applied here-----..
[
]; Answer.
-------------Finished-here-----------
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
--------------Set # 10 (a) Finished-here----------------
];
Let,
[
---------------------Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:{:. [
]; }
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
[
{:.
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
Differentiating y
[
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
For y :[
];
];
[
FOR
[
];
:];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
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[
];
For
:-
];
];
];
];
];
.
..
[
]; Answer.
---------------Finished-------------------------Q2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating w.r.t y
[
];
];
FOR RADICAL [
[
]:];
];
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
The above integral in eq-A becomes .
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
---------[
];
];
];
------------------[
];
]; Answer.
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
Differentiating on both side w.r.t x .
[
[
For y2 :-
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
[
[
For Radical [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
---------[
[
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
-------------------------
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];Answer.
_-----------------Finished-here----------Set 11 (a):
Q7) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
For (x+2) :[
];
];
For Radical:[
];
];
];
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[HIGH-SCHOOL-MATHEMATICS,
INTEGRATION+DIFFERENTIATION,CH-8+CH-6]
[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------------[
];
];
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
Differ.
[
];
];
FOR RADICAL:[
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
--------------------------For y:[
];
];
----------------[
];
];Answer.
]; ?
Solution:[
];
];
];
[
[
[
];
];
];
let,
[
----------------do it by your self----
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.
.
-------------Finished----------
];
-------------Set # 12 (a)
Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:FORMULA:[
Now,
];
];
Let,
[
];
Differenting on both side w.r.t x.
[
];
[
[
];
];
];
[
];
Integrating on both side w.r.t x
[
];
[
];
];
FORMULA:[
];
];
];
]; }
];
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[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-------------Finished--------Set # 12 (a)
Q2) [
]; ?
Solution :[
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating on both side w.r.t x
[
];
[
];
[
];
Integrating w.r.t x
[
Let,
[
];
[
[
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
CONSIDER [
]:-
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
{:. [
]; }
];Answer.
---------------Finished ------------Q3) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
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[
];
[
]
Differenting w.r.t x
[
]
[
[
]
Integrating w.r.t x
[
]
Let ,
[
];
Differentiating on both sidx
[
];
[
];
];
[
[
]
]
];
];
];
];
CONSIDER [
]:-
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
So,
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[
];
];
];
];
];
Now by omitting the negative sign we do like that , oe Applying log propertity.
[
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
--------------Finished-------------Set # 12(a)
Q4) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
[
];
];
[
[
];
];
For dx :-
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[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating on each side w.r.t s
[
];
[
];
[
];
];
[
];
Integrating on both side w.r.t s.
[
];
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
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[
];
{:. [
]; }
]; Answer.
--------------Finished--------Q5) [
]; ?
Solution:FORMULA:[
];
];
];
Let,
[
];
];
];
];
FOR x2 :[
];
];
];
];
Let,
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USING FORMULA:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
{:.
];
{:. [
]; }
]; Answer.
------------finished-------Q6) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
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Using Formula:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Do it latter..
--------------------Finished--------------Q7) [
]; ?
Solution:{:.
];
Let,
Integrating
Differenting
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Using Formula:[
];
Now,
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
Consider
:-
];
Let,
Differentiating
Integrating
Let,
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So,
[
];
];
];
];
{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
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Set # 12 (b) [Start-here] Integration By Parts:
Formula:[
];
Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
FORMULA:[
];
--------------------Q1) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
Differential
Integration
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Using Formula:[
Applying eq-D on above integral.
[
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
-----------------Finished---------Q2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let;
Differentiating
Integrating
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USING FORMULA:[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];Answer.
-------------Finished-------------------------Set # 12 (c ) Finished-here--------------
Formula:[
];
-----------------Ex # 8.7
Q1 ,Q3(ix) ) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
Differentiating
Integrating
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{:.
];
];
];
];
];
Consider [
]:-
];
Let,
[
];
Differentiating
[
];
];
For x3 :[
];
];
For Radical:[
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
];
CONSIDER
:-
];
LET,
[
Differentiating
[
[
[
];
];
];
];
{:. [
];
];
];
];
[
{:.
];
}
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{:.
];
];
];
];
];
];
]; Answer.
------------------Finished------------Q2) [
]; ?
Solution:[
];
Let,
Differentiating
Integrating
];
];
];
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[
];
];
Consider [
]:-
];
Let.
[
];
];
];
];
For x4 :[
];
];
];
For Radical [
]:-
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Consider [
[
[
]:];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
Consider
:-
];
Let,
[
];
[
[
];
];
So,
[
];
];
];
[
[
];
];
];
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[
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
];
{:. [
]; } {:. [
]; }
];
]; Answer.
-----------------Finished-----------------------Set # 12 (d ) [ Finished-here]-----------
Set # 13 (a) [Start-here] AREA-UNDER-THE-CURVE :The major concept of integral (Anti-Derivative) of a function f(x) was developed In order to find a certain Area;
EXAMPLE-OF-AREA-UNDER-THE-CURVE:Diagram [Fig # 2 ]:-
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} so, (
Also
[
];
];
[
{:.
];
}
Ex # 8.7 , AREA-UNDER THE-CURVE:Consider the Graph *below+ in which the highlighted area A which lies, under the positive x-axis between the ordinates [x=a] and [x=b] .
[
];
Graph [Fig # 3 ] :-
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];
];
]; its an Area under the given curve above the positive x-axis and between the
Solution:Fig # 4
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];
For Area:[
];
];
];
];
------------------Finished---------Example # 2 :- Find area above x-axis under the given circle whose center at origin [
] between ordinates at [
]; ?
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Solution:Fig # 5:-
[Circle:
[radius:
];
];
];
];
];
For y:[
[
];
];
Using Formula-Of-Area-Under-The-Curve:-
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[
];
];
];
];
Using Formula:[
];
Applying eq-D for above integral so, the above integral becomes.
[
];
];
];
]; Answer.
----------------Finished-----------Q1 ) Find The area above the x-axis under the curve, between the given ordinates ?
Curve : parabola=> [
Ordinates => [
], Its the equation of curve whose vertex at origon and its axis along the positive x-axis.
];
Fig # 6
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Using Formula:[
];
],
For y:[
];
];
];
];
]; Answer , it is the required area .
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---------------------Finished-here-----------------------------Set 13 (a) Finished-here-----------------
];
];
{:.
];
];
Applying limit.
[
];
];
]; Answer.
-----------Finished---------Q1) [
]; ?
]; Answer.
X
MOHAMMAD-SIKANDAR-KHAN-LODHI
OWNER-OF-MY-PERSONAL-NOTES
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