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Exercise 17 Stress-Strain Relations: Hooke's Law

Exercise 17
Stress-Strain Relations: Hooke's Law
17-1 Introduction
In Exercise 16, we've learned that, if we apply uniaxial normal forces along X-direction, the only nonzero stress components is X and the nonzero strain components are 

X =

X and Y = Z = X = X E E

where E is the Young's modulus (16-3) and is the Poisson's ratio (16-4) of the material. For structural steel, E = 200 GPa and = 0.3. Similarly, if we apply uniaxial normal forces along Y-direction, the only nonzero stress components is Y and the nonzero strain components are 

Y =

Y and Z = X = Y = Y E E
and the

Similarly, if we apply uniaxial normal forces along Z-direction, the only nonzero stress components is Z nonzero strain components are 

Z =

Z and X = Y = Z = Z E E

 Now, consider that we apply multiple normal forces along all three direction. The three normal stresses ( X , Y , Z ) are all nonzero and the three normal strains are   

X Y Z E E E Y = Y Z X  E E E Z = Z X Y E E E X =

(1)

 Explanation of the above equations is easy. For example, the rst equation states that the normal strain X is a combination of three contributions: X , Y , and Z . Without loss of generality, we assume that all three stress are tensile, then the contribution of X is to elongate a strain of X E , the contribution of Y is to shrink an strain of Y E , and, similarly, the contribution of Z is to shrink an strain of Z E .  Shearing (twisting) doesn't involve Poisson's effects. The relations between the shear stresses and the shear strains are simply 

XY =

XY , YZ = YZ , ZX = ZX  G G G

(2)

where G is the shear modulus (Section 16-5).  Eqs. (1-2) are called the Hooke's law for an isotropic material. In this section, we will verify the Hooke's law using results of simulation conducted in Exercise 14 (the C-Bar).

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17-2 Start Up

[2] Open the project "CBar," saved in Exercise 14.

[1] Launch Workbench.

[3] Double-click <Model> to start up <Mechanical>.

17-3 Strain Components


Remember that we were investigating the point as shown [1]. At the end of 14-5, we've written down the six strain components. They are tabulated in the table below [2]. [1] The origin of <Local Coordinate System> is here. We are studying the strains and stresses at this point.

Strain Component

Strain Value (Dimensionless) 13.405 106 100.15 106 49.773 106 262.02 106 0 0 [2] The strain components.

X Y Z XY YZ ZX

Exercise 17 Stress-Strain Relations: Hooke's Law

17-4 Stress Components

[1] Highlight <Solution> and insert a <Normal Stress>.

[2] Select any one of the paths. Here we select <Path-Y>.

[3] Right-click <Normal Stress> and select <Duplicate>. Repeat this step four more times.

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[4] Highlight <Normal Stress 2> and select <Y Axis> for <Orientation>.

[5] Highlight <Normal Stress 3> and select <Z Axis> for <Orientation>.

[6] Highlight <Normal Stress 4> and select <Shear Stress> for <Type>.

[7] Highlight <Normal Stress 5>, select <Shear Stress> for <Type>, and select <YZ Axis> for <Orientation>.

[8] Highlight <Normal Stress 6>, select <Shear Stress> for <Type>, and select <XZ Axis> for <Orientation>.

Exercise 17 Stress-Strain Relations: Hooke's Law

[9] Select six stress results objects and right-click-select <Rename Based on Denition>. [11] Solve.

[10] Results objects for six stress components. [13] Highlight <Y Axis - Normal Stress Path-Y>. Y = 22.767 MPa . [12] Highlight <X Axis - Normal Stress - Path-Y>. X = 9.4217 MPa .

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[14] Highlight <Z Axis - Normal Stress Path-Y>. Z = 0.29805 MPa , which is a very small, yet theoretically a nonzero value.

[15] Highlight <XY Plane - Shear Stress Path-Y>. XY = 20.156 MPa .

[16] Highlight <YZ Plane Shear Stress - Path-Y>. YZ = 0 . Although it is displayed as a nonzero value due to the numerical nature, it is theoretically a zero value.

[17] Highlight <XZ Plane Shear Stress - Path-Y>. XZ = 0 . Although it is displayed as a nonzero value due to the numerical nature, it is theoretically a zero value.

Stress Component

Stress Value (MPa) 9.4217 22.767 -0.29805 -20.156 0 0

X Y Z XY YZ ZX

[18] The stress components are tabulated here.

[19] The stresses applied on the material. 22.767 MPa 20.156 MPa

20.156 MPa 9.4217 MPa 9.4217 MPa 20.156 MPa Y 20.156 MPa X 22.767 MPa

Exercise 17 Stress-Strain Relations: Hooke's Law

17-5 Verify Hooke's Law


Using the stress components in 17-4[18], we may calculate the strain components according to Hooke's law (Eqs. 17-1(1-2)). The normal strains are

X 9.4217 22.767 0.29805 Y Z = 0.3 0.3 = 13.405 106 E E E 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 22.767 0.29805 9.4217 Y = Y Z X = 0.3 0.3 = 100.15 106 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 E E E 0.29805 9.4217 22.767 Z = Z X Y = 0.3 0.3 = 49.773 106 E E E 200, 000 200, 000 200, 000 X =
and the shear strains are

X =

X 20.156 = = 262.02 106 G 76923 0 Y = Y = =0 G 76923 0 Z = Z = =0 G 76923

The above calculations are consistent with the strain components tabulated in 17-3[2]. Note that the shear modulus G is calculated by ANSYS using G= E 200, 000 = = 76, 923 MPa 2(1 + ) 2(1 + 0.3)

Wrap Up

Close <Mechanical>, save the project, and exit Workbench.

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