June 24, 2013

Climate Change and Financial Instability Seen as Top Global Threats

Andrew Kohut, Founding Director, Pew Research Center Pew Global Attitudes Project: Richard Wike, Associate Director Pew Research Center: James Bell,

Director of International Survey Research, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Senior Researcher Pew Research Center Katie Simmons, Research Associate Jacob Poushter, Research Associate Aaron Ponce, Research Associate Cathy Barker, Research Assistant Kat Devlin, Research Assistant For Media Inquiries Contact: Vidya Krishnamurthy 202.419.4372 http://pewglobal.org Bruce Stokes, Director of Pew Global Economic Attitudes, Pew Research Center Elizabeth Mueller Gross, Vice President, Pew Research Center

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Climate Change and Financial Instability Seen as Top Global Threats

Publics around the world are concerned about the effect of global climate change and international financial instability, with majorities in many of the nations surveyed saying these are major threats to their countries. But Islamic extremism is also a serious concern, particularly in the United States, Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, relatively few consider American or Chinese power and influence a major threat to their countries. Global Threats
Median % saying each is a major threat to their countries
U.S. % Global climate change Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Irans nuclear program N. Koreas nuclear program U.S. power and influence Chinas power and influence Political instability in Pakistan
PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h.

Canada % 54 45 41 44 47 23 34 22

Europe % 54 63 55 56 52 20 38 31

Middle East % 42 54 41 41 17 36 17 9

Asia/ Pacific % 56 49 47 44 46 42 29 24

Latin America % 65 49 31 39 38 33 23 20

Africa % 54 54 56 41 39 21 26 25

ALL COUNTRIES % 54 52 49 44 42 27 27 22

40 52 56 54 59 23 44 37

Concern about global climate change is particularly prevalent in Latin America, Europe, subSaharan Africa, and the Asian/Pacific region, but majorities in Lebanon, Tunisia and Canada also say climate change is a major threat to their countries. In contrast, Americans are relatively unconcerned about global climate change. Four-in-ten say this poses a major threat to their nation, making Americans among the least concerned about this issue of the 39 publics surveyed, along with people in China, Czech Republic, Jordan, Israel, Egypt and Pakistan. These are among the key findings of a new survey by the Pew Research Center conducted in 39 countries among 37,653 respondents from March 2 to May 1, 2013.1 The survey also finds that at least half in all of the European Union nations surveyed, as well as in most Middle Eastern and African countries, consider international financial instability a major threat. This is

Results for India are not reported due to concerns about the surveys administration in the field.

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especially the case in southern Europe: 95% in Greece, 75% in Italy and 70% in Spain express concern about financial instability. Majorities in the U.S., as well as in many European and African countries, consider Islamic extremist groups a major threat. In Europe, concern about Islamic extremism is particularly common in Italy, France, Spain, Germany and Britain. Among the African publics surveyed, those in Senegal, Uganda, Nigeria and Kenya are more likely to say Islamic extremism poses a major threat to their countries. In the Middle East, majorities in Lebanon, Tunisia and Israel also express concern about Islamic extremist groups. Americans and Europeans also express concern about Irans nuclear program. While fewer in most Middle Eastern countries surveyed share this concern, 85% of Israelis and 51% of Lebanese see Irans nuclear program as a major threat. North Koreas nuclear program is also a serious concern for Americans; 59% say it poses a major threat to the U.S. Only in South Korea, Japan, Italy and the Philippines is there more concern about this. For the most part, there is little concern about U.S. or Chinese power and influence among the publics surveyed. Only in the Palestinian territories, South Korea and Pakistan do majorities say U.S. power and influence poses a major threat to their countries; in South Korea and Japan, clear majorities say the same about Chinas influence and power, as do 52% of Italians. More than four-in-ten Americans say Chinas power and influence is a major threat to the U.S. In China, 39% see U.S. power and influence as a major threat.

Americans and Canadians Differ on Views of Global Threats Americans and Canadians have different concerns when it comes to potential threats to their nations. North Korea, Islamic extremist groups and Irans nuclear program top the list of concerns among Americans, with majorities saying each of these is a major threat to their country (59%, 56% and 54%, respectively). Among Canadians, however, only global climate change is seen as a serious concern by at least half; 54% say it is a major threat to Canada. More than four-in-ten Canadians also express concern about North Koreas nuclear program (47%), international financial instability (45%) and Irans nuclear

Top Concerns in North America

% Major threat
U.S. N. Koreas nuclear program Islamic extremist groups Irans nuclear program Canada Global climate change N. Koreas nuclear program Intl financial instability
PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h.

% 59 56 54 % 54 47 45

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program (44%), but the opinion that these are major threats is less common in Canada than in the U.S.

International Financial Instability and Islamic Extremism Seen as Top Threats in Europe International financial instability is among the top three concerns in all of the European nations surveyed. Clear majorities in Greece (95%), Italy (75%), Spain (70%), France (66%), Poland (63%), Britain (59%), Czech Republic (59%) and Germany (56%) say this poses a major threat to their countries, as do 46% in Russia.

Top Concerns in Europe

% Major threat
Britain Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Global climate change Germany Islamic extremist groups Irans nuclear program Intl financial instability Global climate change Spain Intl financial instability Global climate change Islamic extremist groups % 59 55 48 % 60 57 56 56 % 70 64 62 Greece Intl financial instability Global climate change Irans nuclear program % 95 87 64 France Islamic extremist groups Intl financial instability Irans nuclear program Italy Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Irans nuclear program % 71 66 58 % 75 74 70

Europeans are also Poland % Czech Republic % concerned about Islamic Intl financial instability 63 Intl financial instability 59 extremism, with at least half 57 Islamic extremist groups 51 N. Koreas nuclear program Irans nuclear program 56 N. Koreas nuclear program 49 in Italy (74%), France (71%), Spain (62%), Germany Russia % Islamic extremist groups 53 (60%), Britain (55%), Russia Intl financial instability 46 (53%), Greece (52%) and the Global climate change 46 Czech Republic (51%) saying PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h. Islamic extremist groups are a major threat to their countries. In France, Germany and Russia, more say this is a major threat than say the same about any of the other issues tested. Irans nuclear program and global climate change also register as top concerns across Europe. Clear majorities in Italy (70%), Greece (64%), France (58%), Germany (57%) and Poland (56%) consider Irans nuclear program a major threat to their countries. Climate change ranks as a top three concern in Greece (87%), Spain (64%), Germany (56%) and Russia (46%), and more than half in Italy (64%) and France (54%) also consider it a major threat.

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No Consensus on Global Threats in the Middle East Concerns about global threats vary considerably across the Middle East. For example, while 85% of Israelis say Irans nuclear program is a major threat more than say the same about any other item tested only in Egypt and Jordan does Iran also rank as a top three concern; and in these countries, only about fourin-ten say Irans nuclear program is a major threat.

Top Concerns in the Middle East

% Major threat
Turkey Global climate change U.S. power and influence Islamic extremist groups Jordan Irans nuclear program Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Global climate change Palestinian territories U.S. power and influence Intl financial instability Global climate change Israel % 47 44 40 % 41 41 35 35 % 68 54 42 % Tunisia Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Global climate change % 67 64 62 Egypt Intl financial instability Irans nuclear program Islamic extremist groups Lebanon Global climate change Islamic extremist groups Intl financial instability % 45 42 41 % 74 70 68

Islamic extremism is among Irans nuclear program 85 Intl financial instability 57 the top threats in six of the Islamic extremist groups 57 seven Middle Eastern PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h. countries surveyed, but only in Lebanon (70%), Tunisia (64%) and Israel (57%) do majorities consider this a major threat to their nations. In the other countries where Islamic extremist groups rank among the top threats, about four-in-ten in Egypt (41%) and Turkey (40%) and 35% in Jordan see extremism as a major threat. Israeli Jews are far more likely than Israeli Arabs to see Irans nuclear program and Islamic extremist groups as major threats to their country. About nine-in-ten Jews (89%) express concern about Irans nuclear program, compared with a narrower majority of Arabs (61%). And while 61% of Jews in Israel consider Islamic extremist groups a major threat, just 34% of Arabs in that country say the same. In the Palestinian territories, U.S. power and influence is a serious concern. About two-thirds of Palestinians (68%) see this is a major threat, while 54% say the same about international financial instability and 42% say this about global climate change. Among no other Middle Eastern public does a majority of those surveyed see U.S. power and influence as a major threat, although this ranks as a top three concern in Turkey, a NATO ally. More than four-inten Turks (44%) consider U.S. power and influence a major threat to their nation.

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In Lebanon, where 45% consider U.S. power and influence a major threat to their country, about eight-in-ten Shia Muslims (83%) say this is the case. In contrast, 37% of Lebanese Christians and 27% of Lebanese Sunnis express concern about U.S. power and influence. Views about Irans nuclear program also vary across religious and ethnic groups; clear majorities of Lebanese Sunnis (80%) and Christians (56%) say Irans nuclear program is a major threat, compared with just 8% of Lebanese Shia. And while at least half across the three groups see Islamic extremism as a major threat, Christians in Lebanon are much more likely than Shia and Sunni Muslims in that country to express this view (91% vs. 59% and 52%, respectively).

Concerns about Global Climate Change and International Financial Instability in Asian/Pacific Region Global climate change and international financial instability are among the top concerns in the Asian/Pacific region. Half or more in South Korea (85%), Japan (72%), Philippines (66%), Indonesia (59%) and Australia (52%) say global climate change is a major threat to their countries. This issue also ranks among the top threats perceived in China, although relatively few in that country say it is a major threat (39%).

Top Concerns in Asia/Pacific

% Major threat
Australia Global climate change Intl financial instability N. Koreas nuclear program Indonesia Global climate change Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Malaysia Intl financial instability N. Koreas nuclear program Irans nuclear program Philippines Global climate change N. Koreas nuclear program % 52 50 47 % 59 56 49 % 47 45 44 % 66 61 China Global climate change U.S. power and influence Intl financial instability Japan N. Koreas nuclear program Chinas power and influence Global climate change Pakistan U.S. power and influence Islamic extremist groups Pol. instability in Pakistan South Korea Global climate change Intl financial instability 85 83 82 % 39 39 38 % 77 74 72 % 60 34 23

In South Korea (83%), Islamic extremist groups 60 N. Koreas nuclear program Indonesia (56%) and PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h. Australia (50%), half or more consider international financial instability a major threat, as do more than four-in-ten in Malaysia (47%) and the Philippines (45%).

In Pakistan, U.S. power and influence is the only item tested that is considered a major threat by a majority. Six-in-ten Pakistanis express concern about the U.S. In contrast, Australians and Filipinos are the least likely among the countries surveyed in the region to say U.S. power and influence poses a major threat to their countries (19% and 25%, respectively).

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Not surprisingly, South Koreans and Japanese are concerned about North Koreas nuclear program; 82% of South Koreans and 77% of Japanese say this is a major threat. Japanese are also concerned about Chinas power and influence; 74% see it as a major threat to their country.

Global Climate Change Is the Top Concern in Latin America In the seven Latin American countries surveyed, more say global climate change is a major threat than say the same about any other item tested. Concern about global climate change is especially widespread in Brazil (76% consider it a major threat), Argentina (71%), Chile (68%), Bolivia (65%) and El Salvador (64%).

Top Concerns in Latin America

% Major threat
Argentina Global climate change Intl financial instability U.S. power and influence Brazil Global climate change Irans nuclear program N. Koreas nuclear program El Salvador Global climate change N. Koreas nuclear program Intl financial instability % 71 58 41 % 76 56 55 % 64 50 49 Bolivia Global climate change Intl financial instability N. Koreas nuclear program Chile Global climate change Irans nuclear program N. Koreas nuclear program Mexico Global climate change Intl financial instability Irans nuclear program % 65 39 38 % 68 55 53 % 52 49 39

International financial Venezuela % instability is also among the Global climate change 53 top threats in five of the Intl financial instability 35 seven Latin American U.S. power and influence 35 countries, but only in PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h. Argentina does a majority (58%) consider this a major threat. About half in Brazil (50%), Chile (49%), El Salvador (49%) and Mexico (49%) also say international financial instability poses a major threat to their countries. In Brazil and Chile, more than half see Irans and North Koreas nuclear programs as a major threat. A majority of Brazilians consider Iran (56%) and North Korea (55%) a major threat. In Chile, 55% say Irans nuclear program poses a major threat and 53% say the same about North Koreas nuclear program. U.S. power and influence registers among the top three threats in Argentina and Venezuela; 41% and 35%, respectively, consider this a major threat to their countries.

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Islamic Extremism, Financial Instability and Climate Change among Top Concerns in Africa In five of the six countries surveyed in sub-Saharan Africa, Islamic extremist groups, international financial instability and global climate are among the top three concerns. In South Africa, where global climate change and international financial instability are considered top threats, Chinas power and influence also ranks among the top three. Top Concerns in Africa
% Major threat
Ghana Intl financial instability Global climate change Islamic extremist groups Nigeria Islamic extremist groups Intl financial instability Global climate change S. Africa Global climate change Chinas power and influence Intl financial instability
PEW RESEARCH CENTER Q11a-h.

% 52 51 46 % 57 47 41 % 48 40 34

Kenya Global climate change Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups Senegal Islamic extremist groups Intl financial instability Global climate change Uganda Global climate change Intl financial instability Islamic extremist groups

% 57 56 55 % 67 60 58 % 66 64 64

Concern about Islamic extremism is particularly common in Senegal (67% consider it a major threat), Uganda (64%), Nigeria (57%) and Kenya (55%), where clear majorities see it as a major threat to their countries. In Nigeria, Christians are far more likely than Muslims to say that Islamic extremist groups pose a major threat; 71% of Nigerian Christians offer this opinion, compared with 43% of Nigerian Muslims. International financial instability and global climate change are each considered major threats by majorities in Uganda, Senegal and Kenya. At least six-in-ten in Uganda (64%) and Senegal (60%) express concern about financial instability, as do 56% in Kenya. When asked about global climate change, 66% in Uganda, 58% in Senegal and 57% in Kenya say it poses a major threat to their countries.

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Survey Methods
About the 2013 Spring Pew Global Attitudes Survey Results for the survey are based on telephone and face-to-face interviews conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. Survey results are based on national samples. For further details on sample designs, see below. The descriptions below show the margin of sampling error based on all interviews conducted in that country. For results based on the full sample in a given country, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling and other random effects is plus or minus the margin of error. In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls. Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Argentina Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by locality size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 6 March 26, 2013 819 4.7 percentage points Adult population (excluding dispersed rural population, or 8.8% of the population) Australia Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline and cell phone households Telephone adults 18 plus English March 4 March 18, 2013 800 4.4 percentage points Telephone households (roughly 98% of all Australian households)

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Bolivia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by department and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 12 April 18, 2013 800 4.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding dispersed rural population, or 10% of the population) Brazil Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Brazils five regions and size of municipality Face-to-face adults 18 plus Portuguese March 4 April 21, 2013 960 4.1 percentage points Adult population Britain Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline and cell phone households Telephone adults 18 plus English March 4 March 27, 2013 1,012 3.3 percentage points Telephone households (roughly 98% of all British households)

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Canada Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline and cell phoneonly households Telephone adults 18 plus English, French March 5 March 18, 2013 701 3.7 percentage points Telephone households (excluding residents of Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories; sample represents roughly 98% of all Canadian households) Chile Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 4 March 19, 2013 800 5.2 percentage points Adult population (excluding Chiloe and other islands, or 3% of the population) China Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Chinas three regional-economic zones and urbanity. Twelve cities, 12 towns and 12 villages were sampled covering central, east, and west China. Face-to-face adults 18 plus Chinese (Mandarin, Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Gandu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Shanghai, Jilin, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Beijing dialects) March 4 April 6, 2013 3,226 3.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding Tibet, Xinjiang, Hong Kong and Macau, or roughly 2% of the population). Disproportionately urban. The data were weighted to reflect the actual urbanity distribution in China. The results cited are from Horizonkey's self-sponsored survey.

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Country: Sample design:

Mode: Languages:

Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Note:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Czech Republic Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of adults who own a cell phone Telephone adults 18 plus Czech March 4 March 14, 2013 700 3.7 percentage points Adults who own a cell phone (roughly 91% of adults age 18 and older) Egypt Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by governorates and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 3 March 23, 2013 1,000 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding Frontier governorates, or about 2% of the population) El Salvador Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by department and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish April 18 May 1, 2013 792 5.3 percentage points Adult population

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design:

Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

France Random Digit Dial (RDD) sample of landline and cell phone-only households with quotas for gender, age and occupation and stratified by region and urbanity Telephone adults 18 plus French March 4 March 16, 2013 1,004 3.6 percentage points Telephone households (roughly 99% of all French households) Germany Random Digit Dial (RL(2)D) probability sample of landline and cell phone households Telephone adults 18 plus German March 4 March 18, 2013 1,025 4.1 percentage points Telephone households (roughly 99% of all German households) Ghana Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and settlement size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Akan (Twi), English, Dagbani, Ewe March 20 April 3, 2013 799 4.7 percentage points Adult population Greece Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Greek March 4 March 27, 2013 1,000 3.7 percentage points Adult population (excluding the islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas, or roughly 6% of the population)

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Indonesia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Bahasa Indonesian March 9 March 27, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding Papua and remote areas or provinces with small populations, or 12% of the population) Israel Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Israels six districts, urbanity, and socioeconomic status, with an oversample of Arabs Face-to-face adults 18 plus Hebrew, Arabic March 29 April 12, 2013 922 (504 Jews, 406 Arabs, 12 others) 4.6 percentage points Adult population Italy Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by four regions and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Italian March 4 March 19, 2013 1,105 4.1 percentage points Adult population Japan Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline households stratified by region and population size Telephone adults 18 plus Japanese March 5 April 2, 2013 700 4.3 percentage points Landline households (roughly 86% of all Japanese households)

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Jordan Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Jordans 12 governorates and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 4 March 23, 2013 1,000 4.5 percentage points Adult population Kenya Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and settlement size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Kiswahili, English March 13 March 30, 2013 798 4.3 percentage points Adult population Lebanon Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Lebanons seven regions and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 4 March 22, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding a small area in Beirut controlled by a militia group and a few villages in the south of Lebanon, which border Israel and are inaccessible to outsiders, or about 2% of the population)

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Malaysia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by state and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Malay, Mandarin Chinese, English March 4 April 3, 2013 822 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding difficult to access areas in Sabah and Sarawak, or about 7% of the population) Mexico Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 4 March 17, 2013 1,000 4.1 percentage points Adult population Nigeria Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo March 6 April 4, 2013 1,031 4.0 percentage points Adult population (excluding Borno, Yobe and some areas in Taraba, or about 5% of the population)

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Pakistan Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Urdu, Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi March 11 March 31, 2013 1,201 4.3 percentage points Adult population (excluding the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir for security reasons as well as areas of instability in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [formerly the North-West Frontier Province] and Baluchistan, or roughly 18% of the population). Disproportionately urban. The data were weighted to reflect the actual urbanity distribution in Pakistan. Palestinian territories Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urban/rural/refugee camp population Face-to-face adults 18 plus Arabic March 29 April 7, 2013 810 4.4 percentage points Adult population (excluding Bedouins who regularly change residence and some communities near Israeli settlements where military restrictions make access difficult, or roughly 5% of the population) Philippines Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilonggo, Ilocano, Bicolano March 10 April 3, 2013 804 4.5 percentage points Adult population

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Poland Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Polands 16 provinces and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Polish March 2 March 24, 2013 800 3.9 percentage points Adult population Russia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by Russias eight regions plus Moscow and St. Petersburg and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Russian March 5 March 21, 2013 996 3.6 percentage points Adult population (excluding High North regions, the Chechen Republic, and the Ingush Republic, or about 3% of the population) Senegal Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Wolof, French March 6 March 30, 2013 800 4.1 percentage points Adult population South Africa Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by metropolitan area, province and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus English, Zulu, Xhosa, South Sotho, Afrikaans March 18 April 12, 2013 815 4.1 percentage points Adult population

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

South Korea Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of adults who own a cell phone Telephone adults 18 plus Korean March 4 March 18, 2013 809 3.7 percentage points Adults who own a cell phone (roughly 96% of adults age 18 and older) Spain Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline and cell phoneonly households stratified by region Telephone adults 18 plus Spanish/Castilian March 4 March 15, 2013 1,000 3.1 percentage points Telephone households (roughly 97% of Spanish households) Tunisia Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by governorate and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Tunisian Arabic March 4 March 19, 2013 1,000 4.0 percentage points Adult population Turkey Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by the 26 regions (based on geographical location and level of development (NUTS 2)) and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Turkish March 5 March 24, 2013 1,000 7.7 percentage points Adult population

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Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative: Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

Uganda Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and urbanity Face-to-face adults 18 plus Luganda, English, Runyankole/Rukiga, Luo, Runyoro/Rutoro, Ateso, Lugbara March 15 March 29, 2013 800 4.3 percentage points Adult population United States Random Digit Dial (RDD) probability sample of landline and cell phone households stratified by county Telephone adults 18 plus English, Spanish March 4 March 18, 2013 1,002 3.5 percentage points Telephone households with English or Spanish speakers (roughly 97% of U.S. households) Venezuela Multi-stage cluster sample stratified by region and parish size Face-to-face adults 18 plus Spanish March 15 April 27, 2013 1,000 3.5 percentage points Adult population (excluding remote areas, or about 4% of population)

Country: Sample design: Mode: Languages: Fieldwork dates: Sample size: Margin of Error: Representative:

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Regional Categorization
For analysis, we grouped the 39 countries surveyed into six regions North America, Europe, Middle East, Asia/Pacific, Latin America and Africa. North America includes: Canada United States Europe includes countries from both Western and Eastern Europe: Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Middle East includes countries and territories from the Middle East and North Africa, as well as Turkey: Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palestinian territories Tunisia Israel Asia/Pacific includes countries from Asia and the Pacific region: Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea

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Latin America includes countries from North, Central and South America: Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Africa includes countries from sub-Saharan Africa: Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda

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Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project 2013 Spring Survey Topline Results June 24, 2013 Release Methodological notes: Survey results are based on national samples. For further details on sample designs, see Survey Methods section. Due to rounding, percentages may not total 100%. The topline total columns show 100%, because they are based on unrounded numbers. Not all questions included in the Spring 2013 survey are presented in this topline. Omitted questions have either been previously released or will be released in future reports.

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Q11a Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that a. China's power and influence is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 44 34 29 44 38 52 38 34 39 34 31 21 10 8 19 11 17 20 31 15 27 74 23 2 47 76 23 23 25 17 14 37 15 31 27 8 19 40 24 Minor threat 38 45 44 35 45 28 40 22 36 41 37 23 41 32 28 23 18 38 44 37 38 17 39 9 40 17 23 27 30 31 22 28 17 27 43 21 18 23 24 Not a threat 13 16 20 21 13 15 18 42 18 18 25 39 44 55 49 56 49 40 23 40 27 7 26 65 10 6 43 35 40 40 53 27 59 30 27 58 47 26 30 DK/Refused 6 5 7 0 3 4 3 2 7 7 8 17 5 5 4 9 16 2 3 8 8 2 12 23 3 1 12 14 5 13 11 9 9 13 2 13 16 11 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11b Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that b. the United States' power and influence is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 23 23 22 20 19 10 17 49 23 17 37 44 36 24 45 68 36 9 19 39 44 49 39 60 25 66 41 33 27 23 11 38 35 11 31 17 18 24 32 Minor threat 36 39 37 38 48 28 41 16 35 42 39 32 38 30 22 17 20 18 39 40 29 35 32 15 37 20 25 29 27 31 17 32 20 19 31 22 15 30 20 Not a threat 32 36 36 42 30 57 40 33 35 37 17 13 24 44 31 11 29 70 40 13 21 13 17 4 35 14 24 26 42 36 70 24 36 52 34 47 52 36 29 DK/Refused 9 2 5 0 2 5 2 3 6 4 6 11 2 2 2 4 15 3 2 8 6 3 12 21 2 1 10 12 4 11 2 5 9 17 4 13 15 10 20 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11c Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that c. political instability in Pakistan is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 37 22 31 36 28 37 27 33 31 17 21 11 8 7 7 9 12 16 29 15 10 25 17 23 31 26 13 17 27 21 19 25 20 23 27 13 22 26 34 Minor threat 43 50 47 44 51 31 41 30 36 46 40 22 15 15 23 19 16 47 42 40 27 42 33 34 37 41 20 15 26 24 21 28 16 30 40 19 14 23 21 Not a threat 10 19 13 20 14 17 26 31 18 23 23 41 63 64 63 57 49 30 21 31 43 16 30 12 20 17 34 25 34 33 45 30 45 27 24 44 27 27 17 DK/Refused 11 9 10 0 7 15 6 6 14 13 16 25 14 14 7 15 22 7 7 15 19 17 20 31 11 15 33 43 13 22 15 18 19 21 9 24 36 24 28 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11d Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that d. North Korea's nuclear program is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 59 47 45 52 55 62 47 54 57 49 39 17 5 9 23 15 21 42 47 20 39 77 45 12 61 82 36 38 55 53 50 37 33 39 39 15 41 25 47 Minor threat 28 34 35 34 33 22 30 21 25 32 35 25 21 25 31 25 16 37 36 39 26 16 23 18 26 13 16 15 22 18 21 25 13 24 26 18 10 24 14 Not a threat 7 13 12 13 9 7 18 18 11 13 14 30 57 51 41 44 42 18 12 26 22 5 14 18 9 4 23 15 16 13 23 22 38 18 23 39 21 25 11 DK/Refused 5 6 7 0 3 9 5 8 7 7 12 27 18 16 5 16 21 3 4 15 13 1 17 52 4 1 25 32 8 16 6 15 16 20 12 27 28 26 28 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11e Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that e. Iran's nuclear program is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 54 44 42 58 57 70 49 64 56 46 40 36 42 41 51 31 26 85 44 18 36 56 44 7 57 63 38 36 56 55 46 39 32 41 40 18 42 28 47 Minor threat 33 36 39 31 32 17 31 14 28 37 34 35 35 32 9 33 17 10 37 36 27 30 24 15 25 25 17 15 22 18 24 26 14 21 29 19 9 21 15 Not a threat 7 13 11 11 7 5 15 15 10 10 14 14 17 22 38 27 36 3 12 29 24 9 15 38 12 8 23 16 15 12 24 21 38 17 21 39 21 24 11 DK/Refused 6 6 8 0 4 8 5 6 6 7 12 14 5 5 2 9 21 1 7 18 13 4 18 40 6 4 23 33 7 15 6 14 16 20 10 24 28 27 27 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11f Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that f. international financial instability is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 52 45 59 66 56 75 70 95 63 59 46 39 45 41 68 54 67 57 50 38 56 62 47 15 45 83 58 39 50 49 49 49 35 52 56 47 60 34 64 Minor threat 35 45 32 26 39 19 22 2 27 31 38 31 39 38 27 28 13 33 40 35 28 27 32 19 40 12 19 25 30 32 25 24 22 23 27 29 14 29 12 Not a threat 6 6 5 8 4 2 6 2 5 4 9 13 10 14 4 12 7 7 7 15 7 6 7 15 12 2 11 13 14 7 22 15 28 11 10 12 13 21 6 DK/Refused 6 4 4 0 2 4 3 1 5 6 7 17 6 7 2 6 13 2 3 12 9 5 14 51 3 3 12 23 6 12 5 12 15 14 7 12 14 15 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11g Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that g. global climate change is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 40 54 48 54 56 64 64 87 45 35 46 47 16 35 74 42 62 30 52 39 59 72 43 15 66 85 71 65 76 68 64 52 53 51 57 41 58 48 66 Minor threat 37 34 35 33 37 27 26 9 37 48 34 27 34 42 23 32 14 48 34 36 27 21 34 24 26 9 13 15 15 20 18 26 19 27 28 32 16 26 14 Not a threat 20 10 13 13 7 5 8 4 13 15 14 13 43 18 2 18 10 18 12 14 8 5 12 18 7 4 9 7 7 5 16 13 15 10 9 17 13 15 8 DK/Refused 3 2 4 0 1 4 1 1 4 3 6 13 8 5 1 8 15 4 2 11 6 2 12 42 1 2 7 13 2 7 2 10 13 12 7 10 14 11 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Q11h Id like your opinion about some possible international concerns for (survey country). Do you think that h. Islamic extremist groups are a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to (survey country)? Major threat United States Canada Britain France Germany Italy Spain Greece Poland Czech Republic Russia Turkey Egypt Jordan Lebanon Palest. ter. Tunisia Israel Australia China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines South Korea Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Mexico Venezuela Ghana Kenya Nigeria Senegal South Africa Uganda Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 Spring, 2013 56 41 55 71 60 74 62 52 48 51 53 40 41 35 70 36 64 57 45 9 49 57 35 34 60 57 35 26 41 40 30 31 28 46 55 57 67 25 64 Minor threat 31 42 33 23 34 18 29 23 30 38 31 26 43 48 23 33 13 31 42 38 33 27 32 22 29 28 14 17 25 26 25 26 14 24 27 18 11 25 14 Not a threat 5 10 6 6 4 4 7 20 14 8 9 18 13 14 6 21 10 10 9 33 10 11 14 11 7 9 25 16 23 18 35 24 39 16 12 15 10 25 8 DK/Refused 8 6 6 0 1 4 2 5 8 4 7 16 3 3 2 10 13 2 4 20 8 5 19 34 4 7 26 40 10 17 10 19 20 14 6 10 12 25 15 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

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