1 D Representation of detailed data Signs are printed in several colours grouped as shown below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

violet: groundwater and springs orange: physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater quality and temperature blue: surface water and karst hydrography red: man-made features and alterations to the natural groundwater regime dark green: horizon contours (isopachytes) and limits of certain features, such as permafrost black: geological information

6.

Detailed examples of internationally used colour charts (ITC Colour Chad [1982], ITC Journal 1982-2, Enschede) are given in brackets to standardize the colours.

1 1.1 1.2 1.3

Groundwater and springs colour: violet (ITC No. 062) contours of the potentiometric surface (solid or broken lines with height relative to reference level) direction of groundwater flow connection between karstic loss and resurgence, a ) p ro ven , b ) inferred groundwater divide a) stationary, b) periodically changing limit of area with confined groundwater limit of area of artesian flow lens of fresh water surrounded by salt water

1.4

1.5 1.6 1.7

1.8

limit of area with insignificant natural replenishrnent from rainfall to groundwater (50 % screen colour)

1.9

spring, classified alter average discharge, e.g. a) less than 1001/s, b) 100 - 1000 l/s, c) more than 10001/s perennial karst spring submarne spring group of springs (relevant symbols are enclosed by circles) ternporary karst spring line of springs groundwater seepage area

1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15

Groundwater quality and temperature colour: orange (ITC No. 650)

2.1

boundary of salive groundwater in an aquifer (the definition of fresh, brackish and salive water may differ from one area to another, but should be defined on the basis of TDS or chloride content) isolines of equal groundwater salinity (isochlors) contours of the interface between fresh and salive groundwater, in m below reference leve] area of sea water intrusion area of mineralized groundwater inland area with mineralized water overlying fresh groundwater limit of mineralization of shallow groundwater inland

2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

2.8 2.9 2.10

stream with mineralized water (blue stream with orange band) lagoon or lake with salive or brackish water (blue shoreline with orange band inside) periodical salt-water lake (broken blue shore line with orange band inside) shott (playa) with episodical water (dotted blue shore line with orange band inside) salt marsh limit of formations containing minerals with potential for affecting groundwater quality (grey line with orange band) spring of cold mineral or brackish water thermal spring thermomineral spring area of increased geothermal heat meltwater chamber beneath glacier glacier burst from meltwater chamber beneath glacier

2.11 2.12 2.13

2.14 2,15 2,16 2.17 2.18 2.19

Surface water and karst hydrography

(For mapping karst creas on large scale maps, more symbols are available in special literature, and the map maker is referred to special legends, e.g. Burger & Dubertret (1975); ISU (1978).) colour: blue (ITC No. 006) 3.1 stream with a) perennial, b) intetTnittent runoff hydraulic character of streams a) gaining (fed by groundwater)

3.2

3.3 3.4 3.5

b) losing (feeding the aquifer), including bank infiltration e) alternating (gaining or losing) d) independent (no communication with the aquifer) e) no information dry valley, possibly with episodical runoff (ephemeral stream) braided stream (sandur) stream ending in inland depression

cf.2.8 stream with mineralized water (blue stream with orange band) 3.6 karstic loss in river valley a) perennial flow downstream b) seasonal flow downstream c) no flow downstream

cf.1.3 connection between karstic loss and resurgence, a) proveo b) inferred 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 aven, karstic shaft or cave limit of karst area main surface water divide secondary surface water divide flow gauging station, mean annual runoff [m3/s] catchment anea [1000 km2] glacier glacier burst from ice dammed lake

3 .1 4 water fall 3.15 fresh water lake

cf.2.9 lagoon or lake with salive or brackish water (blue shore line with orange band inside) cf.2.10 periodical salt-water lake (broken blue shore line with orange band inside)

cf.2.11 shott (playa) with episodical water (dotted blue shore line with orange band inside) 3.16 3.17 3.18 periodical fresh water lake dry lake with only episodical water river marsh

3.19 bog
4 Man-made features and alterations to the natural groundwater regime

(More detailed graphical elements frequently used on vulnerability maps, depictions of human influence on groundwater systems and pollution are provided in the IAH guidebook on vulnerability mapping, see Section III of this Legend.) colour: red (ITC No. 660) 4.1 well, shaft or borehole, for monitoring or with little output, with phreatic or confined groundwater group of wells or boreholes, with phreatic or confined groundwater well or borehole, artesian flowing group of wells or boreholes, artesian flowing mineral water well thermomineral water well thermal water well injection well pumping station, pumped well field, average quantity of discharge or pumping (categories at the discretion of the author), e.g. a) 3 - 30 million m3/year b) 30 - 300 million m3/year c) more than 300 million m3/year

4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9

4.10 4.11 4.12 4,13

pumping station from spring (red square with violet dot inside) underground drainage gallery (e.g. Kanat) river intake pipeline

4.14 aqueduct 4.15 storage reservoir or pond, a) perennial, b) temporary dam or weir, with capacity of the reservoir in million m3 levee or coastal dyke flood-tide barrage or tidal power plant groundwater recharge site installation for desalination oasis limit of area of intensive groundwater exploitation

4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22

4.23 area of underground mining affecting the natural groundwater regime 4.24 4.25 area of open cast mining affecting the natural groundwater regime irrigation area

5 5.1

Horizon contours (isopachytes) and limas of certain features, such as permafrost. colour: dark green (ITC No. 606) horizon contours or isopachytes (solid or broken unes with depth in m relative to reference level)

5.2 5.3 5.4

thickness of aquifer in m limit of permafrost anea (variation of broken lines for continuous, discontinous and isolated distribution) talik (unfrozen zone) under a river, lake or reservoir (river or lake in blue, green dots surrounding)

Geological information colocar: black

6. 1

geological or hydrogeological boundary (a more detailed classification of boundaries based on their hydrodynamic character is given in Section II of this Legend) fault, certain (solid line) or inferred (broken line) overthrust, certain or inferred hydraulic character of boundaries (combined with no. 6.1 to 6.3) a) acting as barrier b) acting as conduit without significance to groundwater flow d) no information fractured belt of hydrogeological importante

6.2 6.3 6.4

6.5

cf.2.13 limit of formations containing minerals with potential for affecting groundwater quality (grey line with orange band)

6.6

salt plug (Diapir) a) near surface b) at depth (dotted fine)

6.7 crea and edge of solution chambers formed in salirle formations (subrosion) 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 boundary of infilled erosional channel volcanic cone volcanic crater line of cross section