Paradigm Confounds for Test 1 Psy 201

Analogue Studies vs Ecological Validity o Analogue studies: bottom up During research, working with animals (a concern of peta) Animal research Force 2 research obsession o Ecological validity: Ecol. Balloon human research Aka SONA! (could be studying both?) American Pediatric Society and obesity o The aps right now says 30% all kids btw. 0 and 12 are obese. Pb. 4 epigenetic Probably youll be obese for the rest of your life HIGH chances May pass on obesity to kids o Other 70% are OKAY!! o Whats the cause of the 30%? PARENTS!!!!! Child is not responsible Called an epidemic now

 Parents need some educ, need to discipline, need to learn more about dietary planning Epi-genetic effect o Your behav can switch genes on and off on your chromosomes o Does not change dna o Potentially switch on or off genes making up dna o Ex. If life sucks, u turn on bad genes o Good genes you want on and bad not on o Your behavior can affect your genes o Hereditary! Current behavior, ultimately life arc, how life turns out good or bad, can affect your offspring PETA o People for the equitable treatment of animals o Sometimes it obstructs sci research, which may end up saving lots of lives (TRUE!!) Types, traits and temperament o All 3 concepts are different (not same) o Temperament genetic personality o Trait specific personality to you o Type- like alphabet ( classification same for all) MMPI-2 truth idex

o Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory 2 nd version o Truth index 550 qs you must ask and client must answer Along way same qs asked multp. Times Disguised so test taker cant tell Interpreter/Admin knows If inconsistent, test = invalid and false If consistent test = valid NO truth index in worshev (ink blot) only 1 q. Has a marginal index Locus (pt. of control) of control and nAch o Jillian Roder gave us idea o Either youre in control of life or not? Yes good mental health No- need some therapy o 51% rule o Extrinsic someone else ctrl u o Intrinsic u ctrl it o Nach need for achievement o David mclell? Psychosomatic effect

o Psycho mind o Som body cells o Something can happen to your mind and can then affect your body and vice versa o The effect is reciprocal o Ex. If u lose your rt. Leg, itll screw up your mind o Ex. Getting hiv report and dr. says positive, your mind will be messed up. PsychoSexual theory vs PsychoSocial Theory o Sex freud oral anal phallic, genital Until ag. 19 o Social 8 life sections Life long Freud vs Jung individuation o For your personality to be complete you have to be forty years old Jung o Freud 19? Archetypes: anima, animus, shadow, mandala o CARL JUNG o Dont need to know diff types o Just know 4 words fit under this category o An algorithm (all of us equally)

 Heuristic and Algorithmic o Heuristic your personality/opinion In a sense rxn to the algorithm o Algorithm something that affects all of us collectively Nature and Nurture o Nature genetic o Nurture upbringing/ learning from birth Malcolm Gladwell and obsession o If we do word assoc, you think mostly negative o Gladwell says theres positibe obsession o Sociologist and psychologist o Contented that + obsession o Ex. Coby briant has played an obsessive amt. of basketball o Ex. Actors tend to be obsessive o Ex. + obs. About being the best parent you can be and pay attention to your children. Extrapolation and generalization o Extrapolation and Generalization : assuming something applies to something else o Ex. Find drug that cures hiv and saying itll also apply to humans (not necessarily true)

o No longer this if you check it (aka also do studies on humans using that drug). o Do something and say it applies to another group without checking it Self disclosure o Persona, Psyche and Stochastic development o Persona: What you show the world of your psyche (not everything got secrets) Aka way youre dressed not Hair cut, nails, shoes What you dont care the world knows about o Psyche: everything that you are Full, total holistic personality Everything your therapist needs to know o Stochastic: who youre gonna become in the future Your future development Aka thinking about graduating from odu Thinking about what and who youre going to become Adolescent stereotyping

o If I say adolescent, most of us have some type of a neg. thought about teenagers o Some teenagers make 2400 on their sat going to anywhere they want free they dont fit the stereotype o Stereotype of adolescents of teenagers is generally negative, but there are a few good adolescents. Wundt, Titchener, E. Stanley Jones and William James o Wilhelm wundt given credit for estab. Psychology of science in german 1st psych lab Pitched in us Created CLASSICAL psychology (aka old psychology) o Edward titchener created APA o William james wrote 1st psych txtbk o All these ppl predate Sigmund freud!! all of them = classical psychology Sigmund freud given credit for making MODERN psychology Reciprocal determinism by Albert Bandura o Triange in notes o Ppl env o Non ppl env. o Psyche

o See notes!!!!! Normal distribution of statistics from a very large data base o Bell shaped curve o Used for IQ measures o Most privileged score = 100! o Anything over 130 = genius o Below 70 = not average o 2 % above and 2 % below Fully functioning, congruence and transcendence o Concepts related to Carl Rogers fully functioning & congruence Fully fnctn rogers word for self- actualization Congruence incongruent is when your lifes bad,

congruence is when its good (youre happy, satisfied) little bit of intrinsic o Abraham Maslow transcendence (shouldve been 6 th level of triangle) Modified maslow triangle transcendent triangle o Fully functioning = transcendence o Aka Be all you be all the time 100 Famous Psychologists o Look at it during test!

o Set up in the 8, 9 10 forces Spark by Dr. (M. D. ) John Ratey o Book (M.d. medical doctor) o Psychiatrist (grad. Med. School) highest status o Premise: published 2008-09 Physical fitness improves your personality Improves respiration and heart health A physical fitness plan will improve your academic progress Aka good diet pgm. About improving your personality If you dont have a phys. Fitness plan, get one! Stochastic emergence o Henry Murray and Herman Rorschach o Murray: invented the TAT Thematic apperception test 1Q o Rorschach: invented the Ink Blot o Both = subjective test o What you think is there comes from your unconscious Emotions and I Personality (Alphabet)

o Columbine and DEF/GHI o A shooting in colorado, 2 guys o One was DEF, one was GHI o Both committed suicide? o Lee Baldwin?