2

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

INVOICE

CERTIFICATE CUSTOMS DOCUMENT

EXPORT DOCUMENTATION

TRANSPORT DOCUMENT EXCHANGE CONTROL DOCUMENT. PAYMENT DOCUMENT. MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENT

19

20

21

22

TYPE OF CONTAINER USED IN SHIPMENT

HIGHCUBE BULKERS

REEFERS
FLAT RACKS
DRY CONTAINER

TANKS

ROOLTRALERS

OPEN TOPS

23

24

25

26

27

28

Submitted by

Sagar Anand
PGDM IB Roll No-05 IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF PGDM IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR -2008-10.

Under the guidance of

PIMSR, NEW PANVEL

PILLAIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & RESEARCH NEW PANVEL, NAVI MUMBAI

(A recognized institute and given A rank by NACC and affiliated to AICTE)

EXPORT PROCESS AND DOCUMENTATION

PROJECT REPORT
This project report entitled Process and Documentation based on my knowledge and two month work experience with

29
committed Eagal maratime Pvt. Ltd. as a summer trainee.

30

COVER PAGEACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Life of human beings is full of interactions. No one is self-sufficient by himself whenever anyone is doing some serious and important work a lot of help from the people concerned is needed & one less specially obliged towards them. I cannot forget acknowledging them in few words as without the guidance & co-ordination of them in my project report would not have been possible. A large number of individual contributed to this project. I am thankful to all of them for their help and encouragement. My writing in this project report has also been influenced by a number of website and standard textbooks. As far as possible, they have been fully acknowledged at the appropriate place .I express my gratitude to all of them. First of all I owe my heartfelt gratitude to my guide prof. Mr. Guha and prof. Betty for his noble guidance throughout the completion of the Project. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Vikram singh rawat, Branch Manager of committed cargo pvt. Ltd. Navi Mumbai Branch for giving me an opportunity to work on this project. I would also like to thank Ms. Kirti, Senior Executive, of committed cargo pvt. Ltd. for his guidance, inspiration, and constructive suggestions, which helped me in the Project. I must also thank the management of committed cargo pvt. Ltd. to provide excellent opportunity and environment to be able to pull my project through. Cooperation of the staff is also gratefully acknowledged. Last but not least, also give my sincere thanks to all the people to directly indirectly have help and encourage me in finding the way to us collecting the requisite information and completing the project effectively and timely.

Ajay Hande MMS Roll no. - 19

31

GUIDE CERTIFICATE
TO WHOMESOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that the project report titled Export Process and Documentation Offered by Committed cargo Pvt. Ltd. has been prepared by Sagar Anand, Roll No.- 05, PGDM (Post Graduation Diploma in Management), session (2008-10) with International Business as major area of specialization. The study was conducted with special reference to committed cargo care Pvt. Ltd. C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai. I recommend this project for evaluation. a student of

Place: Date: (Dr. R. Chandran) Director

32

INDEX
Page No.

Important Abbreviations
Introduction of study Objective of study Research Methodology Research Design Scope of the Project 15 Limitations of the study

6 9 12 13 14

16

Company Profile Organization Chart Benefits Given by company 26

17 25

Theoretical background Data Analysis and Interpretations 58 Findings Bibliography

27

68 72

33

Glossary

73

Important Abbreviations

INTRODUCTION OF STUDY

This project is all about to know about export import procedure/ documentation of shipment. This project puts more focus on to know custom clearness, to make export - import invoice, to get shipping bill number from custom department etc. This project will also find out how Committed cargo Pvt. Ltd. could sustain in the competitive world by providing vast range of cargo handling through all instruments which flexible prompt and innovative in meeting the requirement of the customer. The purpose of the study was to know about

34

export

import

documentation

of

seaway

in

the

committed cargo Pvt. Ltd. The India International Coir Fair-2009, which is coinciding with the golden jubilee celebrations of the Central Coir Research Institute, is expected to give further fillip to coir exports from the country by providing better visibility to coir products in the global market. The celebration of the International Year of the Natural Fibre is also expected to draw greater attention to coir and coir products. Exceeding target At a meeting of representatives of the coir exporters with the Board officials to discuss issues related to exports, Mr V.S. Vijayaraghavan, Chairman of Coir Board, thanked exporters for their collective efforts in surpassing the export target last year, both in quantity and value, despite tremendous odds and conspicuous global impediments.

Forex Earnings Indian coir exports during 2008-09 had touched 1,94,791 tonnes valued at Rs 634 crore, exceeding the target set for the year. Coir export was 1,87,566 tonnes valued at Rs 592 crore during the previous year. Performance hopes With the conduct of the India International Coir Fair-2009 and the celebration of the International Year of Natural Fibre, the Coir Board was confident of better performance this year.

35

Mr Vijayaraghavan hoped that the Coir Exporters Federation would play a leading role in enhancing the growth of the coir industry in all its dimensions and assured of the board's full support in taking timely action to redress the problems of the exporters. The need to obtain timely governmental sanction to participate in overseas fairs to achieve greater mileage in the export market, setting up of a container freight station at Pollalchi, Tamil Nadu, in view of its growing contribution to exports and increasing the frequency of the meeting of exporters with Board officials also received attention at the meeting held on Monday. It was decided to hold the next executive committee meeting of the Board at Bangalore on May 26.

Sales turnover The 30-odd Coir Board showrooms spread over the country had achieved a sales turnover of Rs 11.19 crore, accounting for 86.10 per cent of the Rs 13-crore target fixed for the year 2008-09. The meeting also considered suggestions to revamp these showrooms and sales depots through out the country in tune with the growing expectations of all sections, especially the upper strata of society in order to remain competitive in the domestic market. In this background, Mr Vijayaraghavan was confident of achieving the revised sales target of Rs 15 crore set for the showrooms in the country for the current year.

36

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the research were:

To know about export import process.

To know what are the documents required before

and after sailing the cargo.

37

To

know different type of container used in

shipment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Collect data/information through:

about

cargo

Primary data collection:-

38

E-mail Telephone Invoice Packing List

Secondary data collection:

Invoice Packaging list Shipping bill Internet

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the based framework, which provides guidelines for the research process. It is a map or blue print according to which the research is to be conducts. The research design specifies the methods for data collection & data analysis determine the source of data. Most specifically it was a kind of

39 Descriptive conclusive research who takes care of who, when, where, what, how and why aspects of the investigation further the researcher used the statistical method to serve he purpose of project, it permitted the research to derive more accurate generalization whose reliability could be measured.

CENTRE RESEARCH RESEARCH TECHNIQUE TOOL USED DATA SOURCE

: ALL OVER INDIA : EXPLORATORY : QUALITATIVE & QUANNTATIVE : TELEPHONIC & E-MAIL : PRIMARY & SECONDARY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of marketing research could cover the business problems relating to the followings. Types of consumers that compromise present and potential markets.

40 Buying habits and pattern of consumption Size and location of different markets, not only in India but also overseas. The prospects for growth or construction for the current markets being served. New mantras of emerging segments. Marketing and manufacturing capabilities of competitors. Most suitable entry timing. The current and prospective competitive position. Chances of improvement of current channels.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

41 Not a panacea Not an exact science Limitation of time Erroneous findings Not exact tool for forecasting In experience research staff Narrow conception of marketing research

COMPANY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION
Overview

42

An ISO 9001:2000 Company Incorporated head quarter in the national capital Delhi, India and specializes in handling Import & Export Cargo. Earning and maintaining a reputation for dependable and complete worldwide cargo movement solutions with the motto Customer Pride achieved this longevity in the volatile cargo industry. Committed Group has established its hub at Los Angeles, Toronto, Shanghai, Mumbai, Jaipur, Ludhiana and a reliable network of associate offices in India and world over and is specialized in forwarding of cargos choosing the most convenient and cost effective transportation method by air, courier, sea and truck any time & anywhere around the globe. Committed Group management has the right mix of experience and commitment and is fast to adapt to new emerging technology. Its well-established network and tracking software enables to provide fast and reliable information to its client. Thus capable of handling Packaging Warehousing Freight forwarding Clearance of Export and Import Cargo Commercial, Consignment. Projects Diplomatic and Non-Diplomatic

Mission Statement To be focused as a pro-active cargo gateway by anticipating and reacting to each stage of a shipment's transit with commitment and to experience strategic growth of a highly respected and recognized cargo company in the Industry.

Team

43 The Committed Group management team brings together leaders with a wealth of expertise from various industries, including transportation, logistics, cargo management, professional services and customer service. These individuals form a strong foundation that provides vision and support to a growing team of talented, dedicated professionals working to adopt and deliver professional freight forwarding solutions and custom clearance. The Operational team at Committed Group comprising of more than 50 in-house trained energetic and aggressive group of employees with several years of experience in the international freight forwarding plus an protracted experience in the reputable shipping lines and airlines. Thus, with strong gamut of professional from cargo industry under one roof help Committed Group to adopt the "Total Freight Management" approach, a feature of which is the handling of client cargo on a door-to-door basis. This approach ensures the correct management of cargo in a cost-efficient and professional way at competitive price and feels Committed Group is the RIGHT PARTNER FOR YOU. Services

Air Freight Custom Clearance Document Processing Multi Modal Facility 3 PL & Supply Chain Management Packaging & Warehousing Tracking & Tracing

44 Multi Modal Facility At Committed Group it is a single window contract for the carriage of goods by at least two or more different modes of transport. Thus, providing a permutation-combination between air- ocean-surface modes to reduce the cost of transportation. This includes Door pick to Door delivery and a complete logistics support constituting of: Origin Pickup/Trucking. Warehousing if required. Customs Clearance & Documentation at origin. Origin charges payable like THC, B/L Fee etc. Carriage by Sea or Air by payment of Freight. Inland Trucking if required. Customs Clearing of goods at destination and Warehousing if need be. Door Delivery of the cargo. Committed Group operates as Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) providing the end 2 end services like: DDP: Delivered Duty Paid Shipments. DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid Shipments. CI Shipments: Cargo picked up on cost and insurances terms CF Shipments: Cargo picked up on cost and freight paid terms CIF Shipments: Cargo picked up on cost Insurance and freight paid terms. FOB: Free on Board Shipment. Only Port to port or Apt to Apt service by Carrier. Ex Works: Pick up if cargo from shippers warehouse/factory. Multimodal Transport (MT) Document Services along with logistic documentation evidencing a multimodal transport contract which can be replaced by electronic data interchange messages insofar as permitted by applicable law and be (a)Issued in a negotiable form or, (b) Issued in a non-negotiable form indicating a named consignee. Taken in charge means that the goods have been handed over to and accepted for carriage by the MTO for delivery.

45

Delivery of the Cargo through Multimodal facility This is done after completion of various documentation and formalities after the arrival of the shipment at destination. The Cargo delivery is subject to various terms and conditions to be fulfilled by the consignee as listed below: 1. Payment of all applicable charges to the delivery agent of the carrier. 2. On presentation of Duly Endorsed Original Bill of Lading (for Sea / Ocean Shipments). 3. For Air shipments, an Authority Letter is required. 4. Original DIC. 5. In case of shipments under L/C, the designated Bank need to endorse the Bill of Lading or issue A Bank Release Order in favour of the carrier. Committed Group as an MTO undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of all acts necessary to ensure delivery of the goods / cargo with responsibility: (a) When the MT document has been issued in a negotiable form "to bearer", to the person surrendering one original of the document, or (b) When the MT document has been issued in a negotiable form "to order", to the person surrendering one original of the document duly endorsed, or (c) When the MT document has been issued in a negotiable form to a named person, to that person upon Proof of his identity and surrender of one original document; if such document has been transferred "to Order" or in blank the provisions of (b) above apply, or (d) When the MT document has been issued in a non-negotiable form, to the person named as consignee in the document upon proof of his identity, or (e) When no document has been issued, to a person as instructed by the consignor or by a person who has acquired the consignor's or the consignee's rights under the multimodal transport contract

46 to give such instructions.

Period of responsibility The responsibility of Committed Cargo Care Pvt. Ltd. as a Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO) for the goods under these Rules covers the period from the time the MTO has taken the goods in his charge to the time of their delivery. The multimodal transport operator shall be responsible for the acts and omissions of its employee or agents, when any such employee or agent is acting within the scope of his employment, or of any other person of whose services he makes use for the performance of the contract, as if such acts and omissions were his own.

Packaging & Warehousing Packaging at Committed Group Committed Group employs professional packers and experienced supervisors who are trained packing and packaging. We specialize in handling fragile / heavy / oversized cargo. For packaging, we use material like craft paper / soft papers, corrugated rolls & boxes, air bubble pack rolls, polythene & polypropylene, and masking tape, etc. depending upon the requirement. We design fabrication and assembly of crating material for packaging machinery and equipment for storage or shipment and usage of correct primary protective packing materials to insulate machinery and equipment from moisture, corrosion and excessive shock. Crating and the use of machines to execute packing and moving operations has resulted in accolades and sustained patronage by clients in India and abroad. Warehousing at Committed Group Committed Group offer warehousing facilities to support export - import activities. The warehousing facilities are very helpful to accelerate the transportation of goods, especially for cargos with LCL Status. We use authorised warehouses located worldwide.

47 Further to our covered warehousing facilities are provided for storing of FMCG, industrial and high-end sophisticated products on transit. The warehouses are equipped with dedicated loading and unloading bays. At Committed Group storage areas of warehouses are demarcated to identify each location. Our distribution centres offer ample space for palletizing, crating and packing services according to customers specifications. 3 PL & Supply Chain Management

At Committed Group, we define functional experience, expertise, speed, flexibility, and ingenuity to manage your freight efficiently everytime. As an experienced provider of 3PL (Third Party Logistics) 24 x 7, we provide a total supply chain solution for your logistics and freight management needs. Our ongoing goal is to simplify the shipping process for our clients by finding the best rates and then smoothly coordinating all aspects of the shipment from pick-up to ship to delivery for our E2E, B2E, B2B, B2C and C2C clientele base. At Committed Group, we practice logistics. We can develop a comprehensive project plan for your organization, deploy a project team, and remain with your team through the implementation and start-up. We analyze existing processes, from initiation of an order through fulfillment, and evaluate modal selection, carrier utilization, and existing cost structures. We formulate a customized solution for your unique needs. Committed group is a hub-based third party fulfilment and logistics company servicing both domestic and international needs. Services include: Complete Supply Chain Operations: End-to-End Full Case Pick Modules Modules

Split Case Pick Tilt Tray Sorter

Sliding CAPS

Shoe Sorter Line

48 Pick-to-Light Kitting Product/Process QA Management Performance-driven Controls Standard and Customized Reporting Inventory control Private and Public Delivery Network Invoicing

Call Centre Support Diverse Product Categories Returns processing Assembly and inbound / outbound freight management. Accounts Management, and advanced in-house Systems Support. A-frame and Real-Time RF-Controlled Inventory System Along with state-of-the-art distribution, our 3PL and SCM services offers clients around the clock full service fulfilment support. Additional services available: extensive print support, product packaging and ware housing. Our 3PL solution and Supply Chain Management enables cost savings and better route planning Ability to connect customers and their supply chain partners through a real-time information hub 10-15% reduction in transportation costs Real-time monitoring of inventory, orders and events Intelligent order sourcing across multiple stocking locations

49 10-15% cost improvement for fleets

Tracking & Tracing Committed Group big advantages offer to our customers is the one stop online track and trace facility. Through this site you now have the ability to monitor your consignments online or web access at any time, day or night, without the need to constantly refer back to your forwarder. Our system offers access on a 24/7 basis for all consignments shipped by road, sea and air.

Updated daily, the moment you entrust your consignment given a reference number and subsequently logged on our system the same day. All customers are assigned unique login details to allow immediate tracking of their consignments. The unique login codes ensure total security by baring others from viewing the same information. The accessible information is kept on a secure location and is accessed through a strict password system. The information available from our track and trace facility is flexible and can be tailored to your individual needs. Thus, a global network of contacts and our combined wealth of experience ensure that your shipments are transported effectively and efficiently. Committed Group Track and Trace facility is available for obtaining your freight consignment status with most major Airlines.

50

ORGANISATION CHART

BENEFITS GIVEN BY COMPANY Origin Pickup/Trucking. Warehousing if required.

51

Customs Clearance & Documentation at origin.

etc.

Origin charges payable like THC, B/L Fee

Carriage by Sea or Air by payment of Freight.

Inland Trucking if required.

Customs Clearing of goods at destination and Warehousing if need be.

Door Delivery of the cargo.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
LOGISTICS SYSTEM

52 Logistics is defined by the council of Logistics, Ohio USA as the Process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, coeffective flow and storage flow and storage of raw materials, in process inventory finished goods and related information from point of origin to point consumption. More simply, the objective of Logistics System is that the right products reach the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand.

ELEMENTS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEM

Nature of Product Location of Manufacturing Plant Availability of infrastructure such as Road

Availability of different modes of transportation

Dealer/Distributor Network

Government Policy

ELEMENTS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEM

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION

AIR TRANSPORT OCEAN TRANSPORT RAIL TRANSPORT

53 ROAD TRANSPORT

OCEAN TRANSPORT More than 95 per cent of international trade is conduced by sea routes since ancient times, sea routes are being used for transportation of cargo from one continent or country to Coastal shipping is also used for transporting the cargo from one port within the country to another.

For example in India the cargo can be transported from Chennai port to Visakhapatnam port using the costal shipping route.

Sea routes are used for carrying bulj commodities like such as coaling and thermal coal mires, fertilizers rock phosphate etc, and liquid go like crude oil ammonium acids etc Ideally the goods with high volume and kiw vakye are suited die ocean transport in the era of containerisation even the high value cargo can be safely enabled the cargo carrying capacities of the ship to increase many fold.

In 1956, the first containerised ship belonging to sea land corp. carried 58 twenty feet containers. The modern ships have the capacity to carry 7000 containers.

One of the biggest ships owned by Maersksea land is 1,138 feet long from end to end and 140 feet wide at mid ship. Such ships are called Post-Panamax ship.

54

Cargo

ship categorised into followings:-

Liners ships : Liners ship represent the organized

sector of the shipping industries due to their fixed schedules of arrival and departure, Pre-determined voyages and trade routes and published ocean freight rates. Liner shipping is governed by shipping conference and offers the following advantage to shippers: Regular sailings to scheduled ports of call. Stable freight rates for a long period of time which helps the shipper to quote C & F prices with confidence. Uniform rates for all shippers. Coverage of wide range of ports. Rebates of freight rates based on loyalty agreements.

the following

Tramp ships:- Tramp ships on the other hand have characteristics

will.

They are free to move anywhere on the high seas at their

Their voyage routes and schedules are flexible.

They

travel from the port to another port o various

trade routes looking for the cargo and carrying the same to various routes looking for the cargo and carrying the same to various destinations around the world.

55 They arrive or depart without a fixed route or schedule.

They fix their voyages according to availability of cargo and as per the requirement of the shippers of these cargoes.

The freight rates of tram ships depend upon the demand and supply conditions in the shipping industry. If there is a glut of shipping space the tramp freight rates plummet. Whereas in case of shortage of shipping space, the tramp freight rates shoot up.

The cargo space on the tramps is booked by the brokers located in major port cities like New York, London, Rotterdam Hamburg, and Hong- Kong etc. They work as a link between tramp operators and shippers.

Actual User

56 (a) Actual user (Industrial) :- Actual users (industrial) means person who utilises the imported goods for manufacturing in his own industrial unit or manufacturing, for his own use in another unit including, a jobbing unit . (b) Actual user (Non-industrlal) :- Actual user (non industrial) means a person who utilises the imported goods for his own use in any commercial establishment carrying on business, trade or profession or any. laboratory, scientific research and development institution university or other educational institution OF hospital; or . any service industry.

Non-actual user

Non-actual users include: Importers for Stock and Sale. Personal Impqrts. Imports' of Gifts~ etc.

Special Schemes for Importers As per the latest EXIM Policy 2002-07, import of goods is permissible under the following special schemes, designed for encouraging exports : (a) Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme (EPCG) :EPCG scheme was introduced by the EXIM policy of 1992-97 in order to enable manufacturer exporter to import machinery and other capital goods for export production at concessional or no customs duties at all. This facility is subject to export obligation i.e, the exporter is required to guarantee exports certain minimum value, which is in multiple of the value of capital goods imported. (b) Duty Free Replenishment Certificate (DFRC}:DFRC is issued to a merchant exporter or manufacturer exporter for the duty free import of inputs such as raw materials components, intermediates, consumables, spare parts , including packing materials to be used for export: production.

57 Such certificate is subject to the fulfilment. of time bound export obligation and is issued in respect of products covered. under the standard Input,Output Norms (Sions) (C) Duty Eritltleme.t Passbook Scheme (DEPB}:- under the DEPB scheme an exporter may apply for credit as a specified percentage of FOB value of exports,made in freely convertible currency: The credit shall be available Against such export products and at such rates as may be specified by the Director Generalof foreign Trade (DGF) by way of public notice issued in this behalf, for import of raw materials, intermediates, components, parts, packaging materials, etc. (D) Advance Licence :-An advance licence is issued for duty free import of components which are physically incorporated in the products manufactured for export. In addition, fuel, oil, energy, catalysts, etc.which are consumed in the course of production process may also be allowed.

58

Pre-Import Procedure

(a) Selecting the Commodity :- An importer should select the commodity for import after considering various commercial factors as well as legal considerations including the regulations contained in the EXIM Policy. Imports may be made freely except to the extent they are regulated by the provisions of the EXIM Policy. Prohibited goods cannot be imported at all. Import of restricted items is permitted through licensing only while canalised items can be canalised through specified State Trading Enterprises (STEs). (b) Selecting the Overseas Supplier :- Imports can be made from any country of the world except Iraq. However, there shall be no ban on the import of items form Iraq in case where the prior approval of the concerned sanction committee of the UN Security Council has been obtained. The information regarding overseas suppliers can be obtained from various trade directories, consulate generals, international trade fairs and exhibitions and chamber of commerce. (c) Capability and Creditworthiness of Overseas Supplier :Successful completion of an import transaction mainly depends upon the capability of the overseas supplier to fulfil his contract. Therefore, it is advisable to verify the creditworthiness of the overseas supplier and his capacity to fulfil the contract through confidential reports about him.from the banks and Indian embassies abroad. It is. advisable to finalise contract through fndenting agents of overseas suppliers situated in India. (d) Role of Overseas Suppliers' Agents in India :- Some reputed overseas suppliers have their indenting agents stationed in India. These agents procure orders from the Indian parties and arrange for the supply of goods from their principal abroad. It is advisable to import through such agents as they can be readily contacted in case there is any dispute regarding quality or quantity of goods imported, receipt of payment, documentation formalities, etc. e) Inquiry, Offer and Counter-offer :- It is advisable that before finalising the terms of import order, one should call for the samples or catalogue and other relevant literature and the specifications of t,he items to be imported. Import of samples of goods is exempted from import duties under 'Geneva' Convention of 7th November 1952. After satisfying himself with the samples and the creditworthiness of the overseas supplier, the iinporter should proceed to finalise the terms, of the contract to be entered into.

59

Legal Dimensions of Import Procedure (a) Finalisation of the Terms of Contract :- The. import contract should be carefully and comprehensively drafted incorporating therein precise terms as well as all relevant conditions of the trade deal. There should not be any ambiguity regarding the exact specifications of the goods and terms of the purchase including import price, mode of payment, type of packaging, port of shipment, delivery schedule, licence and permits, discount commission, insurance, arbitration, etc. (b) Mode of Pricing and INCO TERMS :- While finalising terms cof import contract, the importer should, inter-alia, be fully conversant with the mode of pricing and the manner of payment for the imports. As regards mode of pricing, the overseas supplier should quote the terms prevailing in international trade. International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) , paris given detailed definition of a few standard terms popularly known as INCOTERMS'. These terms have almost universal acceptance. (c) Mode of Settlement of Payment :- There are mainly three modes settling international transactions depending upon the creditworthiness of the importer or exporter, demand for the commodity in the international market, exchange control regulations prevailing in the importer or countries and other relevant factors Advance Payment. Payment or Acceptance against Document Collections. Payment under Letter of Credit. (d) Obtaining IEC Number :- In India, it is obligatory for every importer and exporter to register themselves with the Director General of Foreign trade (DGFT) and obtain Import-Export Code (IEC) Number. The application form for obtaining IEC number should be accompanied by a fee of Rs.1000 and two copies of passport size photographs of the applicant duly attested by the banker of the applicant and other, relevant documents.

60 (e) Obtaining Import Licence :- If the item to be imported falls in the prohibited list, then such item cannot be imported at all. How, if it falls in restricted list then the necessary clearance must be obtained from appropriate licensing authority. Similarly, if it is subject to the canalisation through State Trading Enterprises (STEs), then the necessary formalities are to be completed pertaining to the same. (f) Obtaining Foreign EXchange :- In India, all foreign exchange transactions are regulated by the Exchange Control Department of the Reserve bank of India (RBI). Therefore, every importer is required to make to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for getting. sanction for making overseas. Payments. The Exchange Control Department scrutinises the application and if satisfied, sanctions necessary foreign exchange for the import transaction. (g) Arranging Finance for Import :- It is advisable that the financial planning for imports should be done in advance in order to avoid huge demurrages on the imported goods lying uncleared for want of payment. Banks normally do not extend any fund based assistance to importers. However, they enable industrial units and others to have access to imported inputs and machinery by establishing letters of credit in favour of the overseas suppliers. (h) Obtaining Import L/C Umit:- Import L/C limits are sanctioned by the banks on submission of complete loan proposal as in the case of other types of credit facilities. This requires advance financial planning so as to retire import bills under L/C on time. Any delay in retirement of bills not only strains the relations of the importer with his bank but also results in additional costs by by of extra commission, penal interest, demurrage charges, etc. (i) Despatching Letter of Credit :- If the term of payment agreed between the importer and the overseas supplier is a letter of credit then the importer should obtain the letter of credit from his bank and forward it to the overseas supplier well within the time agreed for the same. The importer must see to it that the letter of credit has been prepared in the strict conformity of the import contract entered between them.

61

Retirement of Import Documents (a) Loading of Goods and Receipt of Shipment Advice :- On loading of goods the oyerseas supplier despatches the shipment advice to the importer informing him about the shipment of goods. The shipment advice contains" invoice number, bill of lading, airways bill number and date, name of the vessel with date, the port of export, description of goods and quantity and the date of sailing of the vessel. (b) Retirement of Import Documents :- After shipping the goods, the overseas supplier prepares the necessary documents as per the terms of contract and letter of credit and hands them over to his bank for their onward negotiation" to importer in the manner as specified in the L/C.The set normally contains bill of exchange," commercial invoice, bill of lading, packing list, certificate of origin, marine insurance policy, etc.

For the retirement of documents, the importer is require~ to submit the following documents to his bank : (a) A letter authorising his bank to debit the equivalent Indian rupees to the value of documents including bank charges. . (b) Exchange control copy of the Import Licence, if applicable. . (c) FormAl duly completed for the remittance in foreign exc (c) Acceptance of the Bill of Exchange :- Bill of Exchange accompanied by the above documents is known as the Documentary Bill of Exchange.IT is of two types : Documents against Payment (Sight Drafts) :- In case of sigh draft, the drawer instructs the bank to hand over the relevant documents the importer only against payment.

62

Documents against Acceptance (Usance Draft) :- In case of usance draft, the drawer instructs the bank to hand over the relevant documents to the importer against his 'acceptance' of the bill of exchange.

(d) Scrutiny of Documents Received under L/c :- After receipt of import documents from the exporter's bank, the importer's bank will scrutinise the documents as to their correctness as per the terms and conditions of L/C and hands over them to the importer after payment. The importer should also scrutinise the documents and ensure that there are no discrepancies. (e) Appointment of C & F Agent :- In India, the procedure for clearance imported goods is very lengthy, time consuming and involves lots of legal formalities. Therefore, it is advisable to hire the services of C&F agents who are well versed with such formalities. The C&F Agent prepares bill of entry containing details of goods to be cleared from the customs ,in case the C&F agent does not have relevant information about the goodsto be cleared, he prepares a bill of sight in order to enable himself to physically check the goods imported and prepare bill of entry on that basis. Customs Clearance Procedure for Imported Goods Under the Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue), there are two independent Boards of Revenue :- . ' (a) Central Board of Direct Taxes (for Income Tax, Wealth Tax etc.) (b) Central Board of Excise and Customs.

The Customs administration vests with the Central Board for excise and Customs, which shapes the policy and decides the functions of the formalities in the country, in terms of the provisions of the Customs act 1962 All goods imported in India have to pass through the customs clearanceafter they cross the Indian border. The goods so imported are examined appraised assessed, evaluated and then allowed to be taken out of customs charge for use by the importer. The procedure for customs clearance in general for goods imported as follows :

63

(a) Import Manifest :- As per the section 30 of the Customs Act 1962,the persons in charge of a conveyance carrying imported goods should hand Section with an order to the Dock Staff for examination of good clearance. over, within 24 hours of the arrivafof the conveyance, an import manifest to the customs. The, import manifest is a complete, list of all items the conveyance carries on board, including those to be transhipped and those to be carried to the subsequent ports of call. ' (b) Entry in the Import Department of Customs House :- On receipt of information regarding the arrival of the goods, the importers or their 'agents have to make an entry by filing a Bill of Entry, in a prescribed form in the Import Department of Customs House. The. date of presentation of Bill of Entry is an important date as the rate of duty applicable to the imported goods will be the rate, which is in force on tl1e date of presentation. (c) Presentation of Bill of Entry for Appraisal :- After the Bill of Entry is noted in the import department, the same should be presented to the Appraising Counters along with the following necessary documents : Import licence, if necessary. Exporter's Invoice. A copy of Letter of Credit. Original Bill of Lading and its non-negotiable copy. Two copies of Packing List. Weight specifications. Manufacturer's test certificate. Certificate of Origin. Delivery order issued by Shipping company or its agent. Freight and insurance amount certificate if the import is on FOB terms A declaration from importer that he has not paid any commission to agents in India.: CUstoms declaration Catalogue/drawing, etc for machinery imported.

In addition to the above, the following documents are also required to be submitted wherever necessary :If the spare parts are imported - exporters invoice showing unit price and extended tptal of each item;

64

If the, secondhand machinery is imported - Chartered Engineer's Certificate; If the steel is imported - Manufacturer's Analysis Certificate; If Chemicals' and alIled products are imported - Literature showing chemical consumption If the textiles items are imported - Textile Commissioners endorsement or certificate. If the above documents furnished by the importer are found to be adequate for acceptance of the declared value and determination of classification and acceptance of ITC Licence, the bill of Entry is completed by the Appraiser. It is then countersigned by the, Assistant Collector and sent to the Licence (d) Clearance of Goods :- After payment of duty (the original copy of bill of Entry is retained in the Customs House) the importer should obtain the duplicate copy of Bill of Entry on which order for examination of the goods is given by Customs and get the goods examined. If the description of goods is found to be correct, on the basis of declared and accepted paarticulars , clearance of goods is allowed by the appraiser. (e) Warehousing the Goods :- The imported goods can be warehoused at the port of shipment without the payment of duty by presenting a "Bill of entry for Warehousing" to the Bonds Department along with a bond for twice the amount of duty payable. Initially the facility is granted for 3 months, which may be extended upto a period one year. The warehoused goods cleared in one or more installments. For clearance of goods from the warehouse the importer is required to present what is known as 'Ex-bond Bill of entry.

65 (f) Import Follow-up :- Once an importer is allowed to remit foreign exchange out of the country he has an obligation to import the permitted goods of equivalent value in the country. If no goods or goods for lesser values are imported, it would lead to leakage of foreign exchange. Classification of Goods for Import Policy & Assessment of Duty Most of the goods imported are assessed and valued for calculation import duty provided they are imported in terms of the Import Policy and evaluated for calculation of customs duty by virtue of the nature of goods or by virtue of itd enduse. The imported goods, which do not fall in parameter of the import policy are normally confiscated or allowed to be cleared only on payment of heavy penalty.

Types of Customs Duties The following types of Customs Duties are levied on goods imported into or exported out of India : (a) Basic Duty :- Basic duty is levied on all goods imported into as prescribed in Schedule-I of Customs Tariff Act. This duty is levied as a percentage of value of goods imported or at a specified rate. (b) Auxiliary Duty :- This duty was levied in addition to the basic duty prescribed under the Finance Act every year. However, with effect from 28th February 1993, auxiliary duty has been withdrawn by the government. (c) Additional or Countervailing Duty :- This duty is levied on the total cost of imported goods at the rate equal to excise duty on like manufactured in India. This duty is levied to protect the domestic industry. (d) Specific Duty :- This duty is levied in order to counter balance the excise duty leviable on the imports going into the production of such goods in India.

66

Direct -Delivery Facility for Imports by Air The facility of 'Direct Delivery' of goods imported by aids allowed in certain cases: (a) Goods like fresh fruits, frozen food, life saving drugs and appliances; TV f1lms (b) Any cargo requiring special handling or storage; and (c) Any cargo in respect of which order of the Deputy Collector of Customs, Air Cargo Unit, have been obtained in advance permitting direct delivery.

Bill of Entry The bill of entry is a document, prepared by the importer or his clearing agent in the prescribed form under Bill of Entry Regulations, 1971, on the strength of which clearance of imported goods can be made. When goods are imported in a particular country, the importer has to pay necessary import duty. For this purpose, necessary information about the goods imported must be given to the customs authorities in a prescribed form called bill of entry form. Bill of entry is a document, which states that the goods of the stated values and description in the specified quantity have entered into the country from abroad. The bill of entry is drawn in triplicate. The customs authorities may ask the importer to supply other documents invoice broker's note and insurance policy, etc., in order to verify the correctness of the information supplied in the bill of entry form.

Contents of Bill. of Entry The main contents of the Bill of Entry are : (a) Name and address of the importer.

67 (b) Name and address of the exporter. (c) Import licence number of the importer. (d) Name of the port/dock where goods are to be cleared.' (e) Description of goods. (f) Value of goods. (g) Rate and amount of import duty payable. (h) Other relevant documents. However, no bill of entry is required in the following cases : (a) Passengers' baggage; (b) Favour parcels; (c) Mail bags and Post parcels; . (d) Boxes, kennels of cages containing live animals or birds; (e) Post parcels, ship stores in small quantities for personal use. (f)Un-serviceable stores, such as, dunnage wood, empty bottles, drums, etc.,of reasonable value (below Rs. 50); (g) Cargo by sailing vessels from Customs Ports when landed at open bunders only.

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STANDARD CONTAINER
STANDARD CONTAINERS: Standard 20'

inside length

inside width

Inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

Maxi cargo

19'4" 5.900m

7'8" 2.350m

7'10" 2.393m

7'8" 2.342m

7'6" 2.280m

1,172CuFt 33.2CBM

4,916lbs 2,230Kg

47,900lbs 21,770Kg

Standard 40'

inside length

inside width

Inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

Maxi cargo

FLAT RACK CONTAINER

Flat rack 20' inside length 18'5" 5.620m inside width 7'3" 2.200m inside height 7'4" 2.233m door width door height capacity tare weight 5,578lbs 2,530Kg maxi cargo 47,333lbs 21,470Kg

Flat rack 40' inside length 39'7" inside width 6'10" inside height 6'5" door width door height capacity tare weight 12,081lbs maxi cargo 85,800lbs

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12.080m

2.438m

2.103m

5,480Kg

39,000Kg

FLATT RACK COLLAPSIBLE CONTAINER

Flat rack Collapsible 20' inside length 18'6" 5.618m inside width 7'3" 2.208m inside height 7'4" 2.233m door width door height capacity tare weight 6,061lbs 2,750Kg Maxi cargo 61,117lbs 17,730Kg

Flat rack Collapsible 40' inside length 39'7" 12.080m inside width 6'10" 2.126m inside height 6'5" 2.043m door width door height capacity tare weight 12,081lbs 5,800Kg Maxi cargo 85,800lbs 39,000Kg

REEFER COINTAINER
Reefer 20'

inside length

inside width

inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

maxi cargo

17'8" 5.425m Reefer 40'

7'5" 2.275m

7'5" 2.260m

7'5" 2.258m

7'3" 2.216m

1,000CuFt 28.3CBM

7,040lbs 3,200Kg

45,760lbs 20,800Kg

inside length

inside width

inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

maxi cargo

37'8" 11.493m

7'5" 2.270m

7'2" 2.197m

7'5" 2.282m

7'0" 2.155m

2,040CuFt 57.8CBM

10,780lbs 4,900Kg

56,276lbs 25,580Kg

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REEFER HIGH CUBE CONTAINER

Reefer High Cube 40'

inside length

Inside width

inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

maxi cargo

37'11"

7'6"

8'2"

7'6"

8'0"

2,344CuFt

9,900lbs

57,761lbs

11.557m

2.294m

2.500m

2.294m

2.440m

66.6CBM

4,500Kg

25,980Kg

HIGH CUBE CONTAINER

HIGH CUBE 40'

inside length

Inside width

inside height

door width

door height

capacity

tare weight

Maxi cargo

39'5"

7'8"

8'10"

7'8"

8'5"

2,694CuFt

8,750lbs

58,450lbs

12.036m

2.350m

2.697m

2.338m

2.338m

76.3CBM

3,970Kg

26,510Kg

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PLATFORM 20' inside length 19'11" 6.058m inside width 8'0" 2.438m inside height 7'4" 2.233m door width door height tare weight 6,061lbs 2,750Kg Maxi cargo 52,896lbs 24,000Kg

capacity

PLATFORM 40' inside length 40'0" 12.180m inside width 8'0" 2.400m inside height 6'5" 1.950m door width door height tare weight 12,783lbs 5,800Kg Maxi cargo 86,397lbs 39,200Kg

capacity

International Transaction

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EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION

In India, ships transport more than 90 per cent of the cargo. It therefore interesting to study the export processed by ship documentation related to it. Processing of an export order-----

i.

Exporter operation starts with the receipt of enquiry by the exporter from importer. Bar on the enquiry exporter submits his offer giving complete details of products technical specific price delivery payment terms etc.

ii.

After the process negotiations importer sends a purchase order follow by letter of credit (if applicable).

73 The exporter manufactures the goods according to the specification given in purchase order.

iii.

iv.

As soon as the

goods are ready the exporters invites the

representative of Export inspections agency (EIA) for pre shipment inspection and obtain the certificate of inspection.

v.

After that, the exporter prepared following documents:----

INVOICE PACKING LIST ARE1 FROM EXSICE DEPARTMENT MARINE INSURANCE POLICY

vi.

COPY OF PURCHASE ORDER / L/C Above those documentation sends to CHA by exporter.

vii.

Based on these documents CHA agent completes the octroi formalities, obtain port permit and prepare shipping bill which is a customs documents.

viii.

Custom department check the export cargo on the basis of information provided on the shipping bill. If satisfy then cargo allow to loaded on the board of ship.

ix.

The shipping line gives mate receipts to CHA agents after the payment of ocean freights and port due obtains the bill of lading (B/L) from shipping line .B/L is a proof of dispatch of cargo and also a negotiable document.

x.

After that, CHA agent send various documents back to exporter which is

74 Customs attested invoice

Copy of shipping bill

Full set of non board bill of lading.

Copy of purchase order or L/C

Copies of ARE1 Form

SDF form

xi.

After that the exporter submitted above these documents for negotiation to the bank which include :--- Commercial invoice

Packing list

SDF form

Original copy of purchases order

Certificate of origin

Bill of exchange

Shipment advice

After that, bank scrutinizes these documents and if found correct make payment to exporter against documentations.

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EXPORT INVOICE ELEMENT OF EXPORT INVOICE: Exporter Consignee Invoice No. and Date Exporter Ref. Buyer order no and date Other reference Buyer (other than consignee) Country of origin of goods Country of final destination Terms of delivery and Payment Pre-carriage by Place of receipt by pre-carrier Vessel/ Flight no. Port of loading

76 Port of discharge Final Destination Marks and Nos. / No & Kind of pkgs.

Item code Description of goods Net weight Gross weight Quantity Rate CIF EURO Amount CIF EURO Amount in words Declaration: Authorised signature

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DATA ANALYSIS

78

How Big is a Cubic Meter?

Calculation: Length x Width x Height divided by 1728 = cubic feet divided by 35 = cubic meters.

23 BOOK BOXES

11 MEDIUM BOXES

8 LARGE BOXES

= one cubic meter

13x13x17 inches 1.5 cubic feet 0.043 Cubic Meters
(approx)

18x18x17 inches 3.1 Cubic Feet 0.091 Cubic Meters

(approx)

18x18x24 inches 4.5 Cubic Feet 0.125 Cubic Meters

(approx)

Or mix and match:

= one cubi c mete r = one cubi c mete r = one cubi c mete r

Air freight calculation Introduction

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Airlines that are members of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are bound by their membership to comply with tariffs issued by IATA. However since 11th September 2002, airfreight rates are now extremely negotiable. Airfreight rates cover transportation from the airport of loading to the airport of discharge. These rates do not include the following: Collection of air cargo from the consignor's/exporters premises Delivery of cargo from the airport of destination to the consignee's premises Storage of cargo before or after loading Customs clearance in the country of destination Any duties and taxes that may have to be paid Insurance Chargeable/volumetric weight Airline freight rates are based on a "chargeable weight", because the volume or weight that can be loaded into an aircraft is limited. The chargeable weight of a shipment will be either the "actual gross mass" or the "volumetric weight", whichever is the highest. The chargeable weight is calculated as follows: 1 metric ton = 6 cubic metres. In order to establish if the cargo will be a weight or volumetric based shipment. Step 1 Measure the parcel/cargo along the greatest length, width and height of that parcel. For example; 100 cm (L) X 100 cm (W) X 100 cm (H) = 1 000 000 cm3. Next, weigh the parcel; assume it weighs 150kg.

Step 2 Now divide the 1 000 000 cm3 by 6 000 = 166,66 kg. You have now converted the centimeters (cm) into kilograms (kg) Step 3 Now compare the weight to the volume. If the weight is 150 kg then the airline would base the freight on the higher amount being: 166,66 kg

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Air freight calculations The airline calculates freight based on weight or volume, which ever yields the greatest amount. Airlines quote freight rates based on the following rate structures: A basic minimum charge per shipment. General cargo rates quoted for per kilogram. This rate applies without reference to the nature or description of the parcel, which is to be freighted. Specific commodity rates apply to certain goods of specific descriptions, such as fresh produce. These rates are lower than the general cargo rate, and they provide breakpoints at which the level of the rate reduces further. Example: 0 - 50 Kg @ R22.00/per kg 50 - 100 Kg @ R19.00 per kg 100 - 150 Kg @ R17.00 per kg Unit Load Device charges These rates are charged per container/ULD without reference to the commodity loaded therein. Calculation of freight rates: Let us assume the following figures: The freight rate is R18.00 per kg The weight of the parcel is 300 kg The dimensions are: 114,6 cm X 120,4cm X 132,5 cm (round the cm's up or down) Therefore: 115 cm X 120 X 133 cm = 1 835 400 divide by 6 000 = 305.9 kg (having converted cm's to kg's now round up the kg's to the next half a kilogram = 306 kg. As the freight rate quoted by the airline is R18.00 per kg, we calculate the price as follows: 306 kg X R18/kg = R5 508.00 The freight rate will not be calculated on the actual mass 300 kg X R18.00 = R5 400.00 as the airline will always use the greater amount either the kg, or volumetric weight. The air waybill The air waybill, unlike the ocean bill of lading is not a document of title to the goods described therein,

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however it does perform several similar functions these are: It is a receipt for the goods It is evidence of the contract of carriage between the exporter and the carrier It incorporates full details of the consignor/shipper, the consignee/receiver and the consignment/goods It is an invoice showing the full freight amount It must be produced, be it in an electronic format, at the airport of discharge for clearing purposes All copies of the air waybill, together with the commercial invoice, packing list, certificate of origin and any other document which may be necessary for clearing the goods through customs, these documents are carried in the flight captain's bag.

Sea freight calculations Introduction Seafreight calculations can broadly be divided into two main components; breakbulk and containerised. In this section we deal with how you should calculate the freight costs of both of these two types of seafreight. Break bulk cargo calculations Break bulk cargo, is cargo that is unitised, palletised or strapped. This cargo is measured along the greatest length, width and height of the entire shipment. The cargo is also weighed. Shipping lines quote break bulk cargo per "freight ton", which is either 1 metric ton or 1 cubic metre, which ever yields the greatest revenue. Example: A case has a gross mass of 2 Mt. The dimensions of the cargo are: 2.5 X 1 X 2 metres

82

The tariff rate quoted by the shipping line is: USD 110.00 weight or measure (freight ton) Step 1 Multiply the metres 2.5 X 1 X 2 = 5 metres Compare to the mass = 2 Mt. Step 2 Calculate the freight with the greater amount either the mass or the dimension. 5 X USD 110.00 = USD 550.00 Freight would be paid on the measurement and not the weight. All shipping lines carrying cargo in a break-bulk form insist on payment based on a minimum freight charge which is equivalent to one freight ton, one cubic metre or one metric ton.

Full Container load calculations and surcharges Freight rates for containers are based on the container as a unit of freight irrespective of the commodity or commodities loaded therein, (FAK) Freight All Kinds. The shipping lines quote per box (container) either a six or twelve metre container. From time to time, abnormal or exceptional costs arise in respect of which no provision has been made in the tariffs. For example a shipping line cannot predict the movement of the US Dollar or the sudden increase of the international oil price. These increases have to be taken into account by the shipping line in order to ensure that the shipping line continues to operate at a profit. These increases are called surcharges. All shipping lines accordingly retain the right to impose an adjustment factor upon their rates taking into account these fluctuations. All surcharges are expressed as a percentage of the basic freight rate. Surcharges are regularly reviewed in the light of unforeseen circumstances, which may arise and bring cause for a surcharge increase. Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) "Bunkers" is the generic name given to fuels and lubricants that provide energy to power ships. The cost of bunker oil fluctuates continually and with comparatively little warning.

83

Example: Freight rate: Port Elizabeth to Singapore Freight rate: US Dollar: 1 250.00 per 6-M container + BAF 5.2% US Dollar 1 250.00 X 5.2% = US Dollar 65.00 Add the two amounts together Freight rate: U S Dollar 1 315.00

The bill of lading The bill of lading performs the following functions: A contract of carriage between the shipper of the cargo and the carrying shipping company. The name of the shipper and the receiver of the goods the consignee. The contents of the packages as declared by the shipper. Shipping details such as: port of loading and the port of discharge. The bill of lading is a freight invoice and indicates if the freight costs have been prepaid by the exporter or will be paid by the importer, "freight collect". The bill of lading states the number of packages, weight and dimension of the shipment. It is a document of title to the goods stated thereon. Every original bill of lading signed by or on behalf of the shipping company is a document of title to the underlying goods. This special function of a bill of lading is achieved by a form of words which state: "In witness whereof the undersigned on behalf of the shipping company has signed three bills of lading all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished the others to stand void". "Accomplishing" the bill of lading requires the surrender to the shipping line or its agents in the port or place of destination one of the signed original bills of lading duly endorsed by the consignee/importer. Unless and until one of the original bills of lading as described above is surrendered, the shipping line will not release the cargo to the consignee/importer. Upon surrender of

84

any one of the originals the other originals bills of lading become void. Endorsed Bills of Lading Bills of lading can only be issued with the words "shipped on board", if the cargo has actually been loaded onto the named vessel at the port of loading. By insisting that the exporter supplies the importer with a "shipped on board" bill of lading, the importer obtains conclusive evidence that the goods have been loaded on board the intended vessel. Some importers insist that the exporter presents "shipped on board" bills as a condition for payment. "Received for shipment", bills of lading can be issued as soon as the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrying shipping company or its agent either at the point of receipt or at the port of loading. Thus, a 'received for shipment", bill of lading will only indicate the ship in which the cargo is intended to be loaded on. The risk remains that the loading may, for many reasons delayed or the cargo may not be loaded at all. Banks responsible for the payment of funds in payment for goods under letters of credit will not release the funds if the bill of lading has been endorsed "received for shipment".

85

FINDINGS

IMPORTER

86

PURCHASES ORDER / L/C

CERTIFICATE INVOICE OF INSPECTION CUSTOMS SHIPPING ATTESTED BILLS INVOICE

EXPORTER PACKING GR LIST FORM

ARE1 FORM

MARINE INSURANCE POLICY

FULL COPY SET OF OF L/C ON BOARD BILL OF LADING C & F AGENT

DUPLICATE DUPLICATE COPY ARE COPY GR FORM FORM

COMMERCI AL INVOICE

PACKIN G LIST

DUPLICA TE COPY GR FORM

EXPORTER NEGOTIAB ORIGI LE COPIES NAL OF B/L L/C

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

BILL OF EXCHANG E

NEGOTIATING BANK

L/C AMOUNT EXPORTER

SHIPPING DOCUMENT IMPORTER

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Export Import Documentation Logistics in International Business

- Prof. D.C. pai - Prof. Rajeev Aserkar

REFERENCES INTERNET
www.committedgroup.com
www.google.co.in www.ask.com www.exit.net