DRIP IRRIGATION CONTROL BY USING ARM 7 PROCESSOR Sam Edwin Moses.E 1, Vivek Kumar.

J 2
1

PG Scholar, Angel College Of Engineering And Technology, P.K Palayam , Tirupur

1

mailtosamedwinemb12@gmail.com

PG Scholar, Angel College Of Engineering And Technology, P.K Palayam , Tirupur

2

jvivekkumarme@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: In recent times in India, frequent power cuts and water scarcity affecting agriculture. As we know India is an agriculture country and its been depleted in recent times due to industrialization. To overcome water shortage farmers use Drip Irrigation. Drip irrigation requires no monitoring, but recently due to frequent power cuts they required monitoring and henceforth labor. In order to avoid such labor we can control the entire drip system using mobile phones with the help of arm processor. The main idea of this paper is to make drip irrigation easy and simple to control to the farmers. 1. INTRODUCTION: The continuous increasing demand of the food requires the rapid improvement in food production technology. In a country like India, where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. In the modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the farmers have been using irrigation technique in India through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried. Water deficiency can be detrimental to plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be solved if the DRIP IRRIGATION is automated by using micro processor or controller. First let us see what is drip irrigation and then we will see what the existing methods in automating drip irrigation are.

EXISTING METHOD

HUMIDITY SENSOR

WIPER MOTOR

PIC CONTROLLER WATER LEVEL SENSOR

GSM MODULE

LCD DISPLAY

POWER SUPPLY

Receiver MOBILE

PROPOSED MODEL Transmitter:

Zigbee

Interface IC Farm Sensor

Receiver:

Level converter ARM controller

Water tank

DC motor

Farm

1.1 Drip Irrigation 1.1.1 Concept of Modern Irrigation System: The conventional irrigation methods like overhead sprinklers, flood type feeding systems usually wet the lower leaves and stem of the plants. The entire soil surface is saturated and often stays wet long after irrigation is completed. Such condition promotes infections by leaf mold fungi. The flood type methods consume large amount of water and the area between crop rows remains dry and receives moisture only from incidental rainfall. 1.1.2 Concept of Drip Irrigation System: The Drip Irrigation is a type of modern irrigation technique that slowly applies small amounts of water to part of plant root zone. Drip irrigation method is invented by Israelis in 1970s. Water is supplied frequently, often daily to maintain favorable soil moisture condition and prevent moisture stress in the plant with proper use of water resources. Drip irrigation requires about half of the water needed by sprinkler or surface irrigation. Lower operating pressures and flow rates result in reduced energy costs. A higher degree of water control is attainable. Plants can be supplied with more precise amounts of water. Disease and insect damage is reduced because plant foliage stays dry. Operating cost is usually reduced. Fertilizers can be applied through this type of system. This can result in a reduction of fertilizer and fertilizer costs. When compared with overhead sprinkler systems, drip irrigation leads to less soil and wind erosion. Drip irrigation can be applied under a wide rangeoffield--conditions.

2. DESIGN PARAMETERS
2.1 Flow: We can measure the output of our water supply with a one or five gallon bucket and a stopwatch. Time how long it takes to fill the bucket and use that number to calculate how much water is available per hour. Gallons per minute x 60=number of gallons per hour. 2.2 Pressure (The force pushing the flow): Most products operate best between 20 and 40 pounds of pressure. Normal household pressure is 40-50 pounds. 2.3 Water Supply & Quality: City and well water are easy to filter for drip irrigation systems. Pond, ditch and some well water have special filtering needs. The quality and source of water will dictate the type of filternecessaryforour--system. . 2.4 Soil Type and Root Structure: The soil type will dictate how a regular drip of water on one spot will spread. Sandy soil requires closer emitter spacing as water percolates vertically at a fast rate and slower horizontally. With a clay soil water tends to spread horizontally, giving a wide distribution pattern. Emitters can be spaced further apart with clay type soil. A loamy type soil will produce a more even percolation dispersion of water. Deep-rooted plants can handle a wider spacing of emitters, while shallow rooted plants are most efficiently watered slowly (low gph emitters) with emitters spaced close together. On clay soil or on a hillside, short cycles repeated frequently work best. On sandy soil, applying water with higher gph emitters lets the water spread out horizontally better than a low gph emitter. 2.5 Elevation: Variations in elevation can cause a change in water pressure within the system. Pressure changes by one pound for every 2.3 foot change in elevation. Pressure-compensating emitters are designed to work in areas with large changes in elevation. 2.6 Timing: Watering in a regular scheduled cycle is essential. On clay soil or hillsides, short cycles repeated frequently work best to prevent runoff, erosion and wasted water. In sandy soils, slow watering using low output emitters is recommended. Timers help prevent the too-dry/too-wet cycles that stress plants and retard their growth. They also allow for watering at optimum times such as early morning or late evening. 3. DESIGN: The basic idea is to divide the farms in to small portions and keep on wireless sensor in each part. The sensors will be used to sense the moisture of the soil or temperature of the soil and accordingly, water will be supplied through drips. They will supply 4 liters to the plants in each portion. The components required for automation is as follows 1. Water tank 2. Wiper motor 3. Soil filter 4. Fertilizer injector 5. Arm Processor 6. Drip pipes 7. Sensors

8. Wireless module 3.1. Water Tank: Water is stored either from underground bore pipes or from river inlet. Water tanks should be in overhead as they will increase the pressure in the drips. 3.2 Wiper Motor: This is a type of DC motor so it can be actuated by micro controller signals provided with an amplifier. This motor pumps water through the drip pipes. Before wiper motor pumps water to the drip pipeline, it will be stored in a separated block. The stored water is filtered from sand or else water path will be blocked in drip pipes. Wiper motor revolves in semi circular fashion, hence drip pipe can be arranged in semi circular manner and selective lines can be given the water supply to drip pipes. 3.3 Soil Filter: Soil filter is also called as disc filter used to filter soil from the underground water or bore water. It not only removes the soil but also other physical matter like dry leaves, stones etc, soil filter is the heart of the drip irrigation, if the filter is not working properly, entire system cease to work. 3.4 Fertilizer Injector: Drip irrigation has the advantage of sending water directly to the roots of the plants/ crop. Likewise fertilizers can be mixed with water; fertilizers are mixed with soil filtered water with the help of pump which acts like an injector. 3.5 ARM Processor: ARM processor is the heart of automation of drip irrigation system. The reason to use ARM processor is its an advance controller compared with PIC 16 / 18 series, it has GSM/ Ethernet provisions, ADC and DAC modules are built-in chip, has driver for DC motor, Relays to control solenoids and has provision for more than 106 general i/o. so in order to reduce the circuit components and size of the product we propose ARM processor for MC unit. 3.6 Drip Lines: They are small pipe lines with a diameter of less than quarter inch. It can be 2 types 1. Drips with holes in equiv.-distance 2. Drip with sprinklers. For underground drip irrigation former is used, for over head irrigation, later is used. These play vital role in saving water. 3.7 Sensors: Here moisture sensor is used. The sensor is placed inside the ground 10 cm deep. When the moisture is down to the pre defined value the moisture sensors sends a signal via zigbee to the ARM controller 3.8 Wireless Modlue: Here zigbee is used to communicate between sensor and the processor. GSM module is used to communicate between processor and mobile. 4. PROPOSED MODEL WORKING: In this paper we propose a change in both drip irrigation style and change of processor/ controller.

4.1 Changing Method Of Drip Irrigation: First in drip irrigation, the water + fertilizer is pumped along the 4 inch pipes, which are divided into two 2 inch pipes inorder to increase the pressure of the water flow so that it may reach to the root as soon as possible and in sub ground drip irrigation, to push the water up to the sub--ground level to the ground level, which requires constant pumping (i.e.) continuous motor action/current. To avoid this we propose that, the clean, filtered and fertilizer mixed water to be pumped in a over head tank and cover it by a solar panel. The bottom end of the overhead tank will have a single outlet, and the drip pipes will be arranged in a circular fashion, so that water will flow one pipe at a time. A DC motor will be used to change the pipes position from time to time. Sensors feedback is given the top priority. In the event of low/ less water moisture sensor will communicate the processor and the position of the motor will change accordingly. 4.2 Changing Processor: In previous methods 8051 and PIC controller were used. In those additional interfacing of ADC / DAC, sensors etc makes the circuit look bigger and complicated. Hence we propose ARM 7 processor which has built in ADC/ DAC block and has provisions for direct sensor interface and DC motor driver circuit. Since its a low power consumption IC (LPC) its power efficient, easily programmable, flexible IC, we can use the single chip to control everything. CONCLUSION By changing the style of drip irrigation, and changing the processor, automation of DRIP IRRIGATION and controlling it using mobile will be simple and easy.

REFERENCE [1] K.Prathyusha, M. Chaitanya Suman, Design Of Embedded Systems For The Automation Of Drip Irrigation International Journal Of Application Or Innovation In Engineering & Management, Oct 2012

AUTHORS 1) Sam Edwin Moses.E completed his B.Tech.,(EEE) degree from Karunya Institute of Technology and sciences (2012) Coimbatore. He is PG scholar in Angel College of Engineering and Technology and his area of Interest are Microcontroller and Processors ,Special Machines, and Electric drives.

2) Vivek Kumar.J completed his B.E.,(ECE) degree from Maharaja Prithvi Engineering college (2012) Avinashi,Tirupur. He is PG scholar in Angel College of Engineering and Technology and his area of Interest are Embedded Systems, Microcontroller and Processors, VLSI.