The Money Marathon: Big Bucks and The Race For Governor of New York

The Money Marathon
Big Bucks and the Race for Governor of New York
The First Leg: January through July 2001
The Money Marathon: First Leg is the first in a series of reports on

campaign finance in the 2002 New York State governor’s race to be
issued by the Public Policy and Education Fund of New York
December 2001
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

We gratefully acknowledge the following foundations for their financial support of
the Public Policy and Education Fund’s Clean Money, Clean Elections Project:
J. Roderick MacArthur Foundation

The Piper Fund
The Orchard Foundation
Public Campaign
The Arca Foundation
This report was written by Laura Braslow and Richard Kirsch of

the Public Policy and Education Fund.
Research for this study was conducted by Laura Braslow with

the assistance of Steven Hunt and Liane Giunta.
The design and layout for this report was provided by Laura Braslow
with the assistance of Nicole Merrill.
The Public Policy and Education Fund of New York is the research and education
affiliate of Citizen Action of New York.
To view this or any previous PPEF reports, please visit

the Citizen Action website: www.citizenactionny.org.
To order copies, contact:
Public Policy and Education Fund

94 Central Avenue
Albany, NY 12206
(518) 465-4600
Fax: (518) 465-2890
Email: ppef@citizenactionny.org
Copyright 2001 Public Policy and Education Fund of New York

Table of Contents
Executive Summary i
Introduction 1
Methodology 2
Findings 3
Overall 4
Pataki 11
Cuomo 15
McCall 19
Conclusions &
Recommendations 22
Endnotes

Executive Summary
The Money Marathon
Out of the Starting Blocks: The three candidates for
The 2002 race for Governor in New York is shaping governor have all gotten off to a strong start in the
up to be another one for the record books. In the firstmoney marathon, but Governor George E. Pataki and
half of 2001, the three leading candidates for gover- the Republican Party have taken a commanding lead.
nor and the two major parties raised a total of $17.5 Pataki and the Republican Party raised twice as much
million dollars. That's almost $100,000 per day, as Andrew Cuomo, who in turn raised twice as much
including weekends and holidays. The candidates as H. Carl McCall.
alone raised over $15.6 million. The vast majority of
this money comes from large donations, made by In the first six months of the Governor's race,
PACs and individuals who have a financial stake in Republican candidate Governor George Pataki raised
the decisions made in Albany. $8,780,837. The New York State Republican Party
raised an additional $1,344,335, for a total of
The Money Marathon: First Leg is the first in a $10,125,172. This constitutes 58% of all money
series of reports on campaign finance in the 2002 contributed. The Governor raised almost $50,000 a
Governor's race to be issued by the Public Policy and day for his campaign, including weekends and holi-
Education Fund. This study is based on days.
contributions made in the first six months of 2001 to
candidates for governor George Pataki, Andrew Democratic Candidate Andrew Cuomo, former
Cuomo and H. Carl McCall, and to the Republican Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under
and Democratic state parties. The study focuses on President Clinton, raised $4,620,133, or 26% of all
the biggest givers - entities that gave $250 or more money contributed. That's a fundraising clip of about
and individuals who gave $1,000 or more. Our $25,000 a day, every day.
researchers sought to identify the interest or
industry affiliation of contributors, and succeeded in New York State Comptroller and Democratic candi-
coding 72% of individuals and 89% of companies, date for Governor, H. Carl McCall, raised
who gave a combined $13.4 million to the $2,231,164, or 13% of all money contributed, a rate
candidates and parties, 76% of the total dollars of about $12,000 a day.
contributed. The study provides crucial details that
fill out the headlines about how much money each Big Bettors: Individuals gave the bulk of the money
candidate raises. We answer the following questions: donated -- $11,515,970, or 66% of the total money
raised. The remaining $6,000,918, or 34%, came
l Which candidate is relying most on big donors? from PACs. This is in sharp contrast to our findings
l Which industries are funding the campaigns of in a previous PPEF study of giving in Legislative
the 3 candidates? races. During the 1999-2000 legislative session, the
l Who are the leading contributors to each proportion was reversed -- 67% of donations to
campaign? legislators came from PACs, and only 33% was
l Who are the contributors who are giving to donated by individuals.
more than one candidate?
l How much money is coming into the cam Most of the money came from a handful of large
paigns from outside of New York? donors. The 390 individuals and PACs that gave
l Are the candidates collecting more from PACs $10,000 or more gave 50% of all of the money
or individuals? Employers or labor? contributed ($8,871,938).
The Money Marathon: First Leg i

Executive Summary
Contributions of $1,000 or more made up 90% of the Out of State Bettors: The 2002 New York State
money raised, $15,635,016. Contributions of less Governor's race is a high-profile election on the
than $100 made up only 1% of the money raised, or national level, and all three candidates are drawing
$214,538. support from large donors around the country. More
than one-out-of-four dollars, 27%, ($4,701,766)
The biggest single donor was New York City mayor- came from out of state. Even excluding the New York
elect Michael Bloomberg, who gave $150,000 City metropolitan area, 20% of the money came from
through his political campaign to the New York State outside of New York, led by the Washington, DC
Republican party. The Cuomo-Kennedy family beltway and California. Florida and Texas donors
followed closely with cumulative donations to also contributed heavily to the New York candidates.
Andrew Cuomo of $133,200. Former Governor
Mario Cuomo and his wife Matilda each gave the Winners From the Starting Gun: No matter who is
maximum allowable contribution for both a primary elected the next Governor a handful of industries are
sure to come out the winner. The same four industry
and general election campaign, $45,400, for a total of
$90,800 from Mom and Dad. Sister Maria Cuomo groups are the leading donors to all three candidates.
and her fashion-mogul husband Kenneth Cole each Finance is the top industry for all the candidates, with
gave the primary maximum of $14,700. identified donations of $2.6 million. Real estate,
communications/electronics and lawyers fill out the
Several large companies and their employees -- top four. Together these four industries account for
Metromedia, Verizon, Entrust Capital, Seagram and 41% of the total donations to all campaigns and par-
MBNA -- each gave $100,000 or more to the ties and 53% of the identified donations.
candidates and parties.
Governor Pataki: George Pataki, the incumbent
Hedging their Bets: Many donors hedged their bets Governor of New York, has pulled out far ahead of
by contributing to more than one candidate. Five his opponents in the first leg of the money marathon.
unions gave to all three candidates. Twenty-one of Drawing on long-established relationships with
the $10,000 donors gave to both incumbents, wealthy and powerful PACs and individuals built
Governor Pataki and Comptroller McCall. And 10 of over his eight years as Governor, Pataki raised almost
the biggest donors gave to both Democrats, Cuomo twice as much as his nearest competitor in the first
and McCall. six months of the race, and shows no signs of
slowing down.
The Money Marathon: First Leg

Candidate Summary Data
Total $ Raised $ and % $10,000 # $40,000 Employer/ $ and % Out

Raised per day Donors Donors Labor Ratio of State
Pataki $8.8 $48,000 $3.4 million 13 18 to 1 $1.8 million
million 39% 21%
Cuomo $4.6 $25,000 $2.6 million 17 33 to 1 $1.6 million
million 57% 35%
McCall $2.2 $12,000 $1.1 million 2 10 to 1 $700,000
million 51% 32%
The Money Marathon: First Leg ii

Executive Summary
Pataki raised $8.8 million dollars, almost $50,000 per By drawing on Clinton connections from his time in
day, including weekends and holidays, all while Washington, using his father's long-established con-
working full-time as Governor of New York. 39% of nections to New York elites and taking advantage of
all of the money contributed ($3,394,820) to Pataki the doors opened by his in-laws, the Kennedy fami-
came from 161 PACs and individuals who gave ly, Cuomo has built a substantial campaign chest. In
$10,000 or more. Individuals gave the bulk of the the first leg of the money marathon, he raised twice
money donated -- $5,578,312, or 64% of the total. as much money as the other Democratic candidate,
The remaining $3,202,525, or 36%, came from H. Carl McCall.
PACs.
Cuomo raised $4.6 million dollars, or about $25,000
The Pataki campaign received $30,000 or more from per day, including weekends and holidays, at his
33 interests, led by Metromedia executives who full-time job, being a candidate for Governor.
chipped in $114,000. Ten of the biggest Pataki con- Cuomo raised a huge amount of money from rela-
tributors made their fortunes in real estate, including tively few PACs and individuals. The proportion of
$51,000 from the Fisher brothers, $50,000 from Cuomo's money coming from large donors is signif-
Lawrence and Susan Kadish; $41,000 from the Durst icantly higher than either of the other candidates,
organization and $40,000 from H.J. Kalikow and Co. and the number of small donations he received is
Employers gave Governor Pataki 18 times more than significantly lower. 57% of all of the money con-
labor; 80% of the Governor's identified money was tributed ($2,639,767) came from 88 PACs and indi-
given compared with 4% from labor. Legal and viduals who gave $10,000 or more.
health professionals gave the Governor 15% of his
identified money. Although Pataki had 7.5 times as many distinct con-
tributions as Cuomo, Cuomo has numerically more
Governor Pataki's frequent fundraising trips around distinct donations of $10,000 or more. And although
the country this year have allowed the Governor to Pataki raised almost twice as much money as
raise $1.8 million from out-of-state donors, 21% of Cuomo, Cuomo raised 84% of the amount that
his funds. Fifteen percent, $1.3 million, has come Pataki raised in donations of $10,000 or more.
from donors who live outside of New York State and
the New York metropolitan area. As detailed above, Mom and Dad and the rest of the
Kennedy-Cuomo family were together the leading
Like the other candidates, finance, real estate, com- donors to Andrew Cuomo, with the Cuomo-
munications and lawyers dominate giving to Pataki. Kennedy family donating a total of $133,200.
But the Governor also received large amounts from Cuomo also received big donations form the Belfer
industries that rely on state policy and contracts. The family, owners of Belco Oil & Gas, who gave a total
construction industry was on par with lawyers, giv- of $116,092 to Cuomo (and $1,000 to McCall).
ing the Governor more than half-a-million dollars Executives of Entrust Capital gave Cuomo
($552,000). Health care interests followed with $106,823. Many of the 32 interests who gave
$423,000. Cuomo $25,000 or more came from communica-
tions and electronics firms, including $95,400 from
Andrew Cuomo: The former secretary of Housing Wireless Cable International and $80,000 from
and Urban Development under President Clinton and HBO founder Michael Fuchs and his wife, Kris.
son of former Governor of New York Mario Cuomo
has many campaign finance resources at his disposal.
The Money Marathon: First Leg iii

Executive Summary
Cuomo received the smallest proportion of contribu- McCall has many fewer large donors than the other
tions from PACs, only 13% of his money compared two candidates. Whereas Cuomo had 17 donors in
with 33% for Pataki and 29% for McCall. Employers the $40,000 plus range, and Pataki 13, McCall had
gave 33 times more to Cuomo than did labor, $2.5 only two donor groups who contributed $40,000 or
million compared with $77,000. Legal and health more. The largest McCall donor group is executives
professionals donated 15% of the identified money to of Renaissance Technology Corp., in the finance
Cuomo. industry. Partners in the law firm of Milberg Weiss
Bershad Hynes & Lerach gave $59,000 and Black
Andrew Cuomo has the greatest proportion of his Entertainment Television executives gave $35,000.
support coming from out of state of any of the three
candidates. Out of state donations totaled While McCall also relies heavily on employers for
$1,587,738, or about 35% of all of the money Cuomo his money - 69% of the coded contributions - he
raised. Cuomo received $1,179,362, 15% of his raised the highest proportion of his money (7%) from
money, from out of New York State or the NY met- labor of any candidate. Legal and health profession-
ropolitan area. als contributed 20% of the identified money to
McCall.
Carl McCall: The New York State Comptroller has a
steep road ahead of him. Without the benefits of While McCall does not have the same national pro-
being the incumbent governor, or the Kennedy- file as his competitors, he still received a large pro-
Cuomo connections, McCall will have a tough time portion of his contributions from out of state donors.
keeping up in the money marathon. As an added dif- Almost one-third (32%) of McCall's money,
ficulty, Security and Exchange Commission regula- $707,025, came from out-of-state and 26% came
tions prohibit him, as Comptroller, from accepting from out of the New York area.
contributions from certain companies, specifically
those in the municipal securities industry. There are Conclusions and Recommendations
no equivalent restrictions on the Governor's ability to
raise money from state contractors. The first election that candidates for public office
must win is the wealth primary, the race for cam-
In the first leg, McCall raised only half as much as paign dollars. That race is off to a fast start in the
his Democratic competitor, Andrew Cuomo, and he campaign for Governor of New York, with $15.6 mil-
trailed incumbent Governor George Pataki by a ratio lion dollars of fundraising by the candidates in the
of almost 4 to 1. McCall has an edge on Cuomo and first six months of 2001, well before the election. The
Pataki in labor support, which may bring him a boost race is certain to be the most expensive race for
later in the campaign. But he will have to get more statewide office in New York history and may rival
big-donor support if he hopes to compete financially the $91 million spent on the US Senate race in 2000.
in the primary, let alone the general election. Raising tens of millions of dollars will be a marathon
that lasts through the Democratic primary in
During the first six months of 2001, McCall raised September and the general election in November.
$2.2 million dollars, or about $12,000 per day,
including weekends and holidays. Half (51%) of all The strongest runner in this marathon will be able to
of the money contributed to McCall ($1,138,009) raise the most money from large donors. Small
came from 93 PACs and individuals who gave donors just don't add up. Donors who gave less than
$10,000 or more. $100 make up less than 1% of the money while the
The Money Marathon: First Leg iv

Executive Summary
457 donors who gave $10,000 and more add up to But even if what all three leaders have proposed
42% of the money collected. became law, they would not break the domination of
big, private money over public elections.
In this race the incumbent Governor has a clear advan- As long as individuals running for public office
tage, raising money from wealthy individuals and must rely on raising private money to get elected to
entities that rely on New York State policy and busi- public office, candidates and our legislature will be
ness contracts. With his Cuomo-Kennedy family con- the captive of well-financed interests. We need
nections, Andrew Cuomo is even more reliant on large instead a system where candidates can compete by
contributors, raising more than half his funds from showing broad support from voters instead of
$10,000 plus donors. State Comptroller Carl McCall's narrow support from campaign funders. Clean
difficulty in building a large donor base is why he lags Money Clean Elections reform, recently enacted in
in fundraising. Why should his relative inability to four states, offers a way of doing so.
raise money from the wealthy handicap his chances of
being elected to Governor? Clean Money, Clean Elections reform begins to
restore the principle of "one person, one vote" that
Is this Any Way to Run a Democracy? lies at the core of our democracy. Clean Money,
The patriots who founded our country had a vision - a Clean Elections offers candidates an alternative to
vision of a government of, by and for the people. soliciting special interest money or spending
Today, we have a government of, by and for the personal funds to run for office. In a Clean Money,
wealthy special interests who fund campaigns. This Clean Elections system, candidates who demon-
situation has arisen not out of any moral or ethical strate broad support in their districts, and who are
lapse among elected officials. It has arisen because of willing to reject private money and limit their spend-
the campaign system in the United States, which ing, receive a fixed and equal amount of campaign
makes elected officials dependent on private donors to funding from a publicly financed fund. They are also
pay their bills. eligible for additional public funds, if they are
outspent by their opponents or targeted by inde-
To sever the tie between special interest money and pendent expenditures.
elected officials requires a fundamental reshaping of
our campaign finance system. There is a growing Clean Money, Clean Elections reforms also include
chorus for reform in New York, as there is around the many of the proposals made by the Governor, leg-
nation. The question before us is what reforms will islative leadership and others in Albany, including:
realize the goals of returning from the rule of "one better disclosure and reporting; lower contribution
dollar-one vote" to "one person-one vote"? limits; an end to soft money; stronger enforcement;
and measures to balance out independent expendi-
The legislative leadership and Governor Pataki are tures.
beginning to agree on some modest reform measures.
The Assembly has approved legislation that would Clean Money, Clean Elections legislation has been
lower campaign contributions, limit spending and pro- introduced in the New York Legislature by Senator
vide partial public financing of campaigns. Governor David Paterson and Assemblyman Felix Ortiz
Pataki supports better disclosure and lower contribu- (S.1638/A.2630). Some 16 members of the Senate
tion limits. Senator Bruno announced his support in and more than 34 Assembly members have signed
2000 for better disclosure and lower contributions to on as sponsors. The approach is supported by a by
party committees. some 80 citizen organizations representing reli-
gious, senior, labor, environmental, tenant, student,
The Money Marathon: First Leg v
Executive Summary
women's, community, good government and neigh-
borhood groups.
PPEF commissioned a poll on Clean Money, Clean

Elections reform in October 2000 that found very
strong support for the reforms in New Yrok. The poll
found that seven out of ten New Yorkers (71%) sup-
port Clean Money, Clean Elections campaign reform.
The poll also found that: 80% support a limited and
equal amount of public funds for candidates; 88%
support campaign spending limits; and 80% support
limits on campaign contributions.
Clean Money, Clean Elections reforms was first

approved by the voters of Maine in a 1996 ballot
initiative, and has since become law in three other
states -- Massachusetts, Vermont and Arizona. The
first elections under this new system were held for the
Maine and Arizona state legislatures in 2000. One
third of Maine's legislators ran without taking any
special interest money. In the Senate, 17 out of 35
members (49%) won their seats without special inter-
est funding. In the House, 45 out of 151 winners
(30%) participated in the program. Incumbents and
challengers, Republicans and Democrats ran under the
new system, with more than half of the Clean Election
candidates (54%) winning.
New York voters deserve more than the best candi-

dates money can buy. It's time that candidates for elec-
tion in New York turned away from one-dollar-one
vote and returned to one-person, one-vote. It's time to
end the Money Marathon in New York and replace the
current system with Clean Money, Clean Elections.
The Money Marathon: First Leg vi

Introduction The Money Marathon: First Leg is the first in a
series of reports on campaign finance in the 2002
The 2002 race for Governor is vitally important for Governor's race to be issued by the Public Policy
the future of New York State. The person elected and Education Fund. This study is based on contri-
will be responsible for leading New York through butions made in the first six months of the guberna-
one of the most tumultous times in the state's histo- torial campaign to candidates for governor George
ry. And money will, as always, play a huge role. In Pataki, Andrew Cuomo and H. Carl McCall, and
the short term, it will effect who wins the election. includes data on contributions to the Republican and
In the long term, the money our future Governor Democratic Parties.
receives from big donors and influential industries
cannot help but effect the decisions he makes in The study focuses on the biggest givers - entities
office. that gave $250 or more and individuals who gave
$1000 or more. Our researchers classified these
In the first half of 2001, the three leading candidates larger givers by their industry or other interest, using
for governor and the two major parties raised a total a methodology developed by the Center for
of $17.5 million dollars. That's almost $100,000 per Responsive Politics, a non-partisan, non-profit
day, including weekends and holidays. The candi- organization based in Washington, DC. The
dates alone raised over $15.6 million. The vast classification system allows us to report on how
majority of this money comes from large donations, much was given by various industries, such as
made by PACs and individuals who have a financial finance, real estate, health care, and insurance.
stake in the decisions made in Albany. Since money
is essential for any political campaign, even when The Money Maraton: First Leg is the latest cam-
there is no strict quid pro quo relationship between paign finance report issued by the Public Policy and
a specific contribution and a specific policy, donors Education Fund. We are continually building and
often have significant influence in the political refining a database of campaign contributions from
process. And the amounts of money -- and, corre- interest groups and individuals to New York's
spondingly, the amounts of influence -- will only elected officials. While we are only including a
increase as we get closer to the 2002 elections. small portion of the information we have collected
Thus, it is essential that we watch closely and in this report, we encourage members of the media
remain vigilant, keeping our elected officals and public to ask us questions about contributions
accountable to the citizens of New York, not only from interest groups, businesses and individuals.
their campaign contributors.
We are committed to compiling data and identifying
Our researchers focused on the following questions: the interests that pay for our elected government,
with the belief that this information will help people
l Who are the major donors - PACs and better understand the forces at work in New York
individuals - behind the three candidates for politics. Issuing reports is a large part of that, but
governor? we will also do our best to answer specific inquiries.
Please feel free to email us at
l What are the key differences in the money followthemoney@citizenactionny.org, or call (518)
funding the three candidates? 465-4600 x107. All of our studies are available
through the Citizen Action of New York website:
l What could these differences mean for the www.citizenactionny.org.
election, and for New York?
The Money Marathon: First Leg 1
Methodology Contributions from individuals were assigned cate-
gories based on the individual’s primary employer
This study is based on campaign finance reports or occupation. For individuals who were not
filed with the New York State Board of Elections, as employed, codes were assigned according the indi-
required by law, encompassing all donations made vidual’s primary income source -- most often, the
between January 12, 2001 and July 11, 2001. The industry/interest of a spouse.
data used is comprised of 17,481 contributions
made to the three candidates for governor (Pataki, Category codes, based upon the Standard Industrial
Cuomo and McCall) and New York’s Democratic Classification (SIC) system, were assigned by using
and Republican Parties. the ProCD database, which identifies SIC codes for
businesses. For individuals, a multi-step research
The New York State Board of Elections requires that process was needed to identify employers and occu-
campaign committees file records of their contribu- pations. Unfortunately, New York State disclosure
tions, and provides this data to the public on its law does not require that individuals be idenfied by
internet site: www.elections.state.ny.us. (While by employer or occupation in campaign finance filings,
law committees are only required to report contri- so researchers looked elsewhere to find the occupa-
butions of $100 or more, all three candidates and the tions and employers of individual contributors.
Democratic and Republican Parties generall report- Some contributors were identified using data from
ed all of their contributions individually, down to $1 the Federal Elections Commission and the New
donations.) Our research team downloaded the data York City Campaign Finance Board, both of which
and attempted to identify the industry/interest of the require reporting of occupation and employer. A
donations of $250 or more for entities and $1,000 or variety of internet seraches and other research
more for individual contributors. The data is com- strategies were used to find the employer and occu-
prised of all contributions to the three candidates’ pation of a significant number of individual donors.
committees, the state Republican and Democratic
Parties, as reported to the State Board of Elections Using this methodology, we were able to code
on five contribution schedules.1 72.4% of individuals who gave over $1,000, and
89% of entities which gave over $250. These coded
Working from the names of donors reported to the entities and individuals account for $13.4 million --
Board of Elections, the researchers used a system about 76% of the $17.5 million contributed overall.
developed by Larry Makinson of the Center for
Responsive Politics in Washington, DC to assign For the purposes of this study, we refer to all busi-
each contribution one of 429 based upon the interst nesses, corporations, non-profit organizations, labor
or industry represented by the donor.2 The contri- unions, law firms, partnerships, or other organized
butions were then separated into 27 categories groups as PACs -- political action committees. For
designed to encompass the major interests repre- some parts of our report, when we were able to iden-
sented by the donors.3 These categories form the tify an employer for an individual contributor, that
basis of many of the analyses of industry/interest contributor is included in the total donated by their
giving in this report. employer. So, for example, if three employees of a
particular company donated to a candidate, their
For contributions from businesses, organizations contributions would be combined under the name of
and political action committees, the entity’s name that company.
was used to identify the industry and interest.

In some parts of our study, we divide contributions
into one of two categories -- individuals and PACs. Definitions of
We did not rely on the information reported to the
Industry/Interest Categories
Campaign Finance Board to distinguish individuals
from entitites, because that information is often not
Agriculture: Farming, ranching, dairy, etc.
reported correctly. Instead, we used a common Business Services: Consulting, advertising, PR
sense rule -- an individual is any contributor with a Communications & Electronics: Telecommunications, media,
electronics
first and last name.
Construction: Building, engineering, architecture
Energy: Oil/gas/power production, power companies
Finance: Banking, investing, credit companies
Food & Beverage: Food & beverage production, restaurants,
Findings supermarkets, wholesalers
Government Employees: Police, administrators, government
workers excluding appointed or elected officials
We have divided our findings into four sections -- Gambling, Hotels & Resorts: Hotels, casinos, racing,
one for the breakdown of contributions overall, entertainment venues, travel agencies
including contributions to the state Republican and Health: Physicians, hospitals, pharmaceuticals
Higher Education: Administrators and university professors
Democratic Parties, and one section for each of the where the university is the primary employer
three candidates for governor. Each section will Ideological*: Advocacy organizations which do not fit into any
address and explore several issues which are essen- industry/interest category
Insurance: Insurance companies
tial to understanding the influence of money in the Labor Unions: Labor not included in more specific categories
Governor’s race: (i.e., AFL-CIO is included, while police unions are in the
Government Employees category.)
Lawyers: Lawyers and law firms
1. How much money was raised? Lobbyists: Individuals and firms registered with the NYS
2. Which industries/interests gave the most? Temporary Commission on Lobbying. This category is not at
3. Which entities/individuals gave the most? all comprehensive -- many registered lobbyists are categorized
by their industry if employed by a company or their firm
4. How much money came from large (usually lawyers or business services.)
contributions vs. small contributions? Manufacturing: Industrial production not included in more spe-
5. How much money came from individuals vs. cific categories (i.e., construction materials would be included
under Construction)
entities? Military: Defense contractors and individuals whose primary
6. How much money came from employers vs. employment is in the military
professionals and labor? Miscellaneous*: Individuals coded by occupation and employer
where occupation/employer does not fit into any interest/indus-
7. What proportion of donations came from out try category
of state, and which other states/regions were Party*: Transfers from campaign committees / party entities
most strongly represented? Personal*: Family members
Political*: Individuals primarily concerned with politics,
including appointed or elected officials and party operatives
In the section on each individual candidate, we will Real Estate: Real estate development & investment
not simply consider the numbers, amounts and pro- Retail: Shops, malls & other retail outlets
Retired*: Individuals identified but no longer employed
portions, but will compare them to the total. This Tobacco: Tobacco farming, tobacco companies
will allow comparison among the candidates, and a Transportation: Airlines, rail, automotive, shipping / freight
discussion of the key differences between their
* Categories not included in industry totals
financial supporters.

The 2002 Governor’s race is shaping up to be another one for the record books. With $17.5 million in
contributions in the first six months alone, this election promises to easily overtake the $40 million plus
raised in 1998. The bulk of this money is coming from a handful of large donors in several industries that
have a significant stake in government. The financial industry is constantly seeking special tax treatment,
real estate developers and construction companies regularly make millions on state contracts and urban
development programs, the communications industry has profited from regulatory decisions made by the
Overall
Governor’s office, and professionals in the legal and business services fields are often hired as consultants
and advisors to political candidates and government officials. The story so far -- the usual suspects are
back, staking their claims for yet another piece of the pie.
Overall Total Donations By

Interest/Industry
Total Money Donated: $17,516,839
Total Number of Donations: 17,353 Finance $2,615,608
Real Estate 1,772,381
Total Money Coded: $13,385,143 Communications & 1,585,407
Total Number of Donations Coded: 4,142 Electronics
Lawyers 1,222,663
Total Industry/Interest Money Donated*: $12,567,226 Construction 775,782
Total Number of Industry/Interest Donations: 3,845 Health 701,266
Business Services 555,325
Insurance 535,150
Manufacturing 508,432
Percentage of Total Money by Industry Government 421,873
Industries Over $500,000 Employees
Energy 375,297
Finance Food & Beverage 363,701
14% Party Transfers 345,715
Transportation 304,800
Gambling, Hotels & 245,914
Real Estate
Resorts
Uncoded & Other 10%
Retail 169,610
43%
Political 149,600
Communications & Retired 122,800
Electronics Personal 115,500
9%
Lobbyists 93,144
Higher Education 74,108
Lawyers
7%
Miscellaneous 69,002
M anufacturing Tobacco 69,000
Construction
3% Agriculture 60,850
Insurance 4%
Health Labor Unions ** 54,695
3% Business Services 4%
Military 17,600
3%
Ideological 10,000
* Excludes party transfers, political donations, personal donations, and ideological donations
** Includes only Labor Unions not coded by industry. For comprehensive numbers on Union donation, see the section on Employers vs. Labor

Top Donors
PACs and individuals donating $40,000 or more to gubernatorial candidates and/or state parties.
Donor Industry/Interest Amount Donor Industry/Interest Amount
1 Bloomberg for Mayor Party $150,000 27 AFSCME Government $ 47,900
2 Cuomo family Personal 133,200 Employees
3 Belco Oil & Gas (Robert, Energy 117,092 28 Dan Klores (Dan Klores Business Services 47,000
Overall
Laurence, Carolyn & Renee Communications, Cuomo
Belfer) campaign manager)
4 Metromedia Communications 116,000 29 Gruss & Co (Martin & Finance 46,000
& Electronics Audrey Gruss)
5 Verizon Communications 107,000 30 Alexander Treadwell, New Political 45,500
& Electronics York State Republican
6 Entrust Capital Finance 106,823 Committee Chairman
7 Seagram (Edgar Bronfman) Food & Beverage 100,000 31 Telephone Marketting Business Services 45,400
8 MBNA Corporation Finance 100,000 Programs Worldwide
9 Wireless Cable International Communications 95,400 (Andrew McKelvey)
& Electronics 32 Miguel Lausell Lawyers 45,400
10 Sutherland Capital Finance 85,000 33 Dreyfus Mutual Fund (Jack J Finance 45,400
Management (Ira & Diana Dreyfus)
Riklis) 34 Simona R Ackerman Unknown 45,400
11 Milberg Weiss Bershad Lawyers 84,000 35 Jack Schneider Unknown 45,000
Hynes & Lerach 36 Dynamic Gunver Manufacturing 45,000
12 HBO (Michael & Kris Fuchs) Communications 80,000 Technologies (Paul Polo)
& Electronics 37 Capital Z Partners (Scott Finance 45,000
13 RFR Realty (Aby & Liz Real Estate 80,000 Delman)
Rosen) 38 Citigroup/Citicorp/Citibank Finance 44,000
14 Renaissance Technologies Finance 70,900 39 North Fork Bank Finance 43,000
Corp 40 Corrections Officers PBA Government 43,000
15 VOTE/COPE (NYS United Government 70,000 Employees
Teachers) Employees 41 Greater NY Hospitals Health 42,500
16 Vornado Realty Trust Real Estate 69,300 Association
17 Four Points Sheraton Gambling, Hotels 67,354 42 Pioneer Development Co Real Estate 42,200
& Resorts (Michael & Noreen Falcone)
18 Alliance Capital Management Finance 67,200
43 Jack Resnick & Sons (Peter, Real Estate 42,200
19 Global Crossing Communications 67,000 Scott & Burton Resnick)
& Electronics
44 Durst Organization (Douglas Real Estate 41,500
20 Bessemer Finance 56,000 D Durst)
21 Mack-Cali (Ruth, David & Real Estate 54,800
45 Beneficial Corp (Finn & Finance 40,000
Sondra Mack)
Barbara Caspersen)
22 Fisher Brothers (Arnold, Real Estate 51,000
Anthony, Richard, Kennety 46 H J Kalikow & CO Real Estate 40,000
& Steven Fisher) 47 BEA Systems (John Belizaire) Communications 40,000
23 Milton I Levin Health 50,000 & Electronics
24 Gabelli Asset Management Finance 50,000 Under New York State’s Campaign Finance Law, an individual
(Mario Gabelli) can donate up to $45,400 to a candidate for statewide office;
25 First Fiscal Fund (Lawrence Real Estate 50,000 $30,700 for the general election, and $14,700 if the candidate
& Susan Kadish) is running in a contested primary. Corporations can donate up
to $5,000. These limits do not apply to donations to party hous-
26 Richard & Lynda Sirota, Political 50,000
keeping funds, commonly known as “soft money.”
Cuomo campaign treasurer
Split Donors Split Donors: PACs and Individuals
Distinct Individuals and Entities Giving $10,000 or More Overall
Many donors, loathe to put their
PACs
eggs in one basket, contribute to
more than one candidate in a given AFL-CIO: McCall ($7,215), Democrats ($5,000), Cuomo ($1,000), Pataki ($500)
Overall
AFSCME: Democrats ($27,900), Pataki ($20,000)
election. They believe that by giving
Allstate Insurance: Republicans ($30,000), Pataki ($1,000), McCall ($1,000)
to multiple candidates for office, AT & T: Republicans ($22,000), McCall ($2,000)
they will be more likely to have Citicorp: Reps ($25,000), Dems ($10,000), McCall ($5,000), Pataki ($2,000)
Civil Service Employees PAC: McCall ($10,000), Dems ($5,400), Pataki ($1,000)
influence with whomever wins. This
Corrections Officers PBA: Pataki ($25,500), McCall ($16,000)
practice is one of the most blatant Court Officers Association: Cuomo ($10,000), Pataki ($1,000), Reps ($1,000)
examples of the mercenary nature of Davidoff & Malito: McCall ($5,000), Republicans ($5,000), Democrats ($400)
Drive Political Fund: Democrats ($25,500), Pataki ($500)
campaign finance contributions from
Ernst & Young: Cuomo ($10,000), Pataki ($2,000)
wealthy entities and individuals. Geico Direct: Republicans ($10,000), McCall ($500)
Greater NY Hospitals Assoc: Republicans ($21,500), Dems ($15,000), Pataki ($500)
Hotel Trades Council: McCall ($8,500), Pataki ($5,500), Cuomo ($5,000) Dems ($4,000)
In the first leg of the governor’s race,
IBEW: Pataki ($6,500), McCall ($3,000), Democrats ($1,000)
21 individuals and 53 PACs which Keyspan Energy: Pataki ($29,300), Democrats ($1,000)
gave $10,000 or more total were Laborers PAC: Pataki ($20,500) Reps ($6,000) Dems ($5,000) McCall ($2500) Cuomo
($2000)
split donors. Of those, 16 individu-
Law PAC: Pataki ($8,700), McCall ($3,000)
als and 33 PACs gave to at least two Local 6 PAC: McCall ($8,500), Cuomo ($5,000), Democrats ($3,000), Pataki ($500)
different candidates, or one candi- Mason Tenders District Council: McCall ($7,000), Democrats ($7,000), Pataki ($2,000)
Medical Society of NYS: Pataki ($27,700), McCall ($1,750)
date and the opposing party. 31 of
Morefar Marketing: Pataki ($5,000), Democrats ($5,000)
the 49 split donors gave to two dif- North American Managers Inc: Pataki ($5,000), Democrats ($5,000)
ferent candidates, and 5 gave to all NY Advantage PAC: Pataki ($9,500), Republicans ($5,000), McCall ($500)
NY Bankers PAC: Pataki ($10,000), McCall ($1,000)
three candidates. 21 donors gave to
NY District Council of Carpenters: Pataki ($27,500), Cuomo ($2,500), Dems ($2,000)
both of the incumbents (Pataki and Police Benevolent Association of NYC: Pataki ($15,550), McCall ($500), Reps ($250)
McCall,) and 10 gave to both Pipe Trades PAC: Pataki ($7,000), Democrats ($5,000), McCall ($1,500)
Sheet Metal Workers: Cuomo ($21,000), Pataki ($1,000), McCall ($250)
Democrats (McCall and Cuomo.)
Soft Drink Brewery Workers: Pataki ($21,000), Cuomo ($10,000)
Transport Workers Union Local 100: Democrats ($11,000), Pataki ($2,500)
Split donations were most Vote/Cope (NY Teachers): Democrats ($65,000), Pataki ($5,000)
common among labor PACs, which
Individuals
comprised 16 of the 33 PAC split
donors. 80% of the 20 labor PACs Robert Belfer (Belco Oil & Gas): Cuomo ($14,700), McCall ($1,000)
Jerome Belson (Jerome Belson Associates): Pataki ($5,000), Cuomo ($5,000)
donating $10,000 or more overall
Henry Buhl (Buhl Studio): Pataki ($10,000), Cuomo ($5,500)
were split donors. John Castle (Castle Harlan): Pataki ($16,250), McCall ($10,000)
Robert Congel (Pyramid): McCall ($10,000), Pataki ($6,000)
Douglas D Durst (Durst Organization): Pataki ($31,000), Dems ($500)
Most split donors gave significantly
Michael & Noreen Falcone: Pataki ($32,200), McCall ($10,000)
more to one candidate or party than Jason Flom (Atlantic/Lava Records): McCall ($12,000), Cuomo ($5,000)
to the other(s). 30 of the 49 split Mario Gabelli (Gabelli Asset Management): Pataki ($25,000), Cuomo ($25,000)
Stephen Garofalo (Metromedia): Pataki ($25,000), Cuomo ($2,000)
donors (61%) gave one candidate or
Elzie Higginbottom (East Lake Mngmt): Cuomo ($25,000), McCall ($2,500)
party a donation $5,000 or more John Picotte (Picotte Companies): McCall ($10,000), Reps ($10,000)
greater than the next largest recipi- Bernard Rapoport: Cuomo ($22,500), McCall ($1,000)
Rocco Trotta (Liro Engineering): Cuomo ($5,500), Pataki ($5,000)
ent. Seven of the 49 split donors
Elana Waksal Posner: McCall ($10,000), Cuomo ($2,000)
gave the same amount to their top Bradley Wechsler (Imax): McCall ($10,000), Pataki ($9,000)
two recipients
Large Donations vs. Small Donations Individual Giving
During the first six months of 2001, the candi- Individuals gave the bulk of the money donated --
dates for governor raised a lot of money from $11,515,970, or 66% of the total money raised. The
relatively few PACs and individuals. remaining $6,000,918, or 34%, came from PACs.
Overall
The candidates raised $17.5 million dollars, or about This is in sharp contrast to our findings in our study of
$100,000 per day (the exact amount is $96,246.) giving in Legislative races. During the 1999-2000
legislative session, the proportion was reversed --
l 51% of all of the money contributed 67% of donations to legislators came from PACs, and
($8,871,938) came from 390 PACs and only 33% was donated by individuals.4
individuals who gave $10,000 or more.
Employers vs. Labor
41% of the money contributed ($7,260,511)
came from 457 distinct donations of $10,000 Employers far outspent labor in campaign contribu-
or more. tions.
Percentage of Coded Contributions
357 of distinct donations of $10,000 or more
came from 299 distinct individuals. Those Legal & Health
Who Gave -- Percentage of C
299 individuals are .002 of 1% of all 18 mil Professionals
Labor $612,365
lion New Yorkers, but they gave $5,616,507, Employers
Employers $9,893,757
15%
or 32% of the total money raised. 73% Professional
Legal & Health $2,062,803
Other
Other $816,218
6%
l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up
Labor
90% of the money raised, $15,680,816.
6%
l Contributions of less than $100 made up only

1% of the money raised, or $214,538. l Labor unions donated $736,765 -- only 6% of
the total coded.
Donations by Size of Contribution l Giving by employers (defined here as coded

contributions from industries which are not
“professional”* -- Lawyers, Lobbyists and
$1,000-$9,999 Health**) totalled $9,730,557, or 73% of the
49% total coded contributions. This is over 13 times
more than labor.
$10,000+ l Legal and Health professionals gave $2,052,403,
42%
or 15% of the total coded contributions.
* Professionals are largely self-employed, and thus neither “employer” nor
$100-$999 “labor” applies
8% ** Health here includes hospitals and other health care employers. Because
$0-$99 the vast majority of donors coded under Health are in fact physicians and
1% other health professionals, this does not skew the results significantly.

Out of State Giving States with over $100,000 in contributions
The 2002 New York State Governor’s race is a high- State Amount
profile election on the national level, and all three New Jersey $759,970
candidates are drawing support from large donors
Overall
California 734,665
around the country.
Washington, DC 603,842
l 2,455 of the 17,353 donations in the Connecticut 381,694
Governor’s race came from out-of-state Florida 366,589
contributors. Out of state donations totaled Texas 310,729
$4,701,766, or about 27% of all of the money Illinois 211,913
donated. Virginia 149,709
Pennsylvania 140,033
l Excluding the New York City metropolitan
area (New Jersey and Connecticut), there were Massachusetts 108,951
1953 out of state contributions totalling Delaware 107,700
$3,560,102, or 20% of the money donated. Maryland 101,277
l 113 of the 457 distinct donations of $10,000 or

more were from out of state donors. These Major Region Totals
donations totalled $1,937,326, or 11% of the
money raised. State / Region Amount
Metro NYC (NJ + CT) 1,141,664
Metro Washington 854,828
(DC + VA + MD)
CA 734,665
FL 366,589
TX 310,729

Candidate Totals Comparison l The Republicans raised 58% of all money
contributed. The Democrats raised 42% of all
The three candidates for governor have all gotten off money contributed.
to a strong start in the money marathon, but
Governor Pataki and the Republican Party have Candidate Industry Comparison
Overall
taken a commanding lead.
The bulk of money donated in the first six months of
l In the first six months of the Governor’s race, the Governor’s race has come from a specific group
Republican candidate Governor George Pataki of wealthy entities and individuals in four main cat-
$8,780,837. The New York State Republican egories -- Finance, Real Estate, Communications &
Party raised an additional $1,344,335, for a Electronics and Law. These four industries have
total of $10,125,172. This constitutes 58% of long held significant power in politics, trading influ-
all money contributed. ence and campaign contributions for preferential
treatment in public affairs. And, if the money
l Democratic Candidate Andrew Cuomo, former marathon continues in the direction it has been
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development going, their influence will continue unchecked.
under President Clinton, raised $4,620,133, or
26% of all money contributed. l The top four industries overall are the top
four industries contributing to each of the
l Democratic Candidate H. Carl McCall, New three candidates.
York State Comptroller, raised $2,231,164, or
13% of all money contributed. l Finance is the top industry overall, and it is
the top industry for each of the three
l The Democratic Party raised $466,570, only candidates.
3% of all money contributed.
l Donations from the top four industries
l Pataki and the Republican Party raised (Finance, Real Estate, Communications &
twice as much as Andrew Cuomo, who in turn Electronics and Law) comprise 41% if all
raised twice as much as H. Carl McCall. money contributed in the governor’s race thus
far. Their donations make up 40% of Pataki’s
Candidate/Party Contributions total, 43% of Cuomo’s total, and 51% of
Republican Party McCall’s total.
8%
Cuomo l Of the top ten industry/interests overall, nine
26%
are among Pataki’s top ten, nine are among
McCall’s top ten and seven are among
Cuomo’s top ten.
McCall However, despite the overwhelming dominance of

Pataki 13% these four industries, there are some key differences
50% which distinguish the candidates’ bases of support.
Democratic Party
3%

Top Ten Industries, Overall and by Candidate
Overall Pataki Cuomo McCall
1. Finance Finance Finance Finance
2. Real Estate Real Estate Communications & Lawyers
Electronics
Overall
3. Communications & Communications & Real Estate Real Estate
Electronics Electronics
4. Lawyers Lawyers Lawyers Communications &
Electronics
5. Construction Construction Business Services Insurance
6. Health Health Health Business Services
7. Business Services Insurance Manufacturing Health
8. Insurance Manufacturing Energy Government
Employees
9. Manufacturing Transportation Personal (Family) Retired
10. Government Employees Business Services Political Manufacturing
l A much larger share of Pataki’s money These three categories combined account for
comes from industries directly connected to 10% of Cuomo’s total. They make up 3% of
infrastructure, which are most likely to Pataki’s total and 4% of McCall’s total.
receive large state contracts. Communications & Electronics, another
industry with many individual donors, is
Construction is Pataki’s #5 industry and Cuomo’s #2, while it is #3 and #4 for Pataki
Transportation is his #9 industry, but neither and McCall, respectively.
are on either of the other candidates’ top ten.
Real estate is Pataki’s #2 industry, while it is l A much larger share of McCall’s contribu-
#3 for the other two candidates. tions comes from professionals and govern-
ment.
These three industries combined account for
$1,957,240, 22% of Pataki’s total. These three Government Employees is McCall’s #6 indus-
industries make up 9% of Cuomo’s total and try. It does not appear on either of the other
10% of McCall’s total. candidates’ top ten.
l A much larger share of Cuomo’s contribu- Lawyers is McCall’s #2 industry, while it is

tions come from Business Services and other both of the other candidates’ #4.
largely individual/personal industry/interest
categories. These industries combined account for
14% of McCall’s total. They make up 9% of
Business Services is Cuomo’s #5 industry, as Pataki’s contributions and 8% of Cuomo’s
compared to #6 for McCall and #10 for Pataki. contributions.
Personal and Political are Cuomo’s #9 and #10 It is also worth noting that Insurance is
industry/interest categories overall, neither of McCall’s #5 industry. It is #7 for Pataki, and
which is among Pataki or McCall’s top ten. is not among Cuomo’s top ten.

George Pataki, the incumbent Governor of
New York, has pulled out far ahead of his
opponents in the first leg of the money Total Pataki Donations by
marathon. Drawing on long-established Interest/Industry
relationships with wealthy and powerful
PACs and individuals built over his eight Finance $1,186,962
years as Governor, Pataki has raised almost Real Estate 1,178,408
twice as much as his nearest competitor in Communications & 627,481
the first six months of the race, and shows Electronics
no signs of slowing down. Lawyers 554,305
Governor George E Pataki
Construction 552,232
Overall: Pataki Health 423,106
Insurance 284,200
Pataki
Total Number of Donations: 13,840 Transportation 226,600
Total Money Coded: $6,590,193 Government 199,548
Total Number of Donations Coded: 2,388 Employees
Food & Beverage 192,201
Total Industry/Interest Money Donated*: $6,402,249 Energy 186,955
Total Number of Industry/Interest Donations: 2,249 Party Transfers 120,844
Retail 111,610
Percentage of Total Pataki Money By Industry Gambling, Hotels & 85,610
Industries over $200,000 Resorts
Agriculture 58,850
Manufacturing Transportation Lobbyists 39,500
3% 3% Retired 34,600
Insurance Business Services
2%
3%
Tobacco 29,000
Health
Political 18,000
5%
Uncoded & Other Military 17,600
Construction 38% Miscellaneous 15,500
6% Labor Unions ** 9,750
Lawyers
6%
Communications
& Electronics
7%
Real Estate Finance

13% 14%
* Excludes party transfers, political donations, personal donations, and ideological donations
** Includes only Labor Unions not coded by industry. For comprehensive numbers on Union donation, see the section on Employers vs. Labor

Pataki Top Donors
PACs and Individuals Donating $30,000 or more
PAC/Individual Industry/Interest Amount PAC/Individual Industry/Interest Amount
1 Metromedia Communications & $114,000 19 Port Authority PBA Government $ 33,200
Electronics Employees
2 Vornado Realty Trust Real Estate 69,300 20 Pioneer Development Real Estate 32,200
3 Alliance Capital Finance 60,700 Company (Michael &
Management Noreen Falcone)
4 Bessemer Finance 56,000 21 AETNA Insurance 32,000
5 Mack-Cali (David, Real Estate 54,800 22 Chris-Craft Industries Communications & 31,700
Ruth & Sondra Mack) (Herbert & Anne Electronics
Siegel)
6 Global Crossing Communications & 52,000 23 Welsh Carson Finance 30,700
Electronics Anderson & Stowe
Pataki
7 Fisher Brothers Real Estate 51,000 24 Mandelbaum & Lawyers 30,700
(Arnold, Richard, Mandelbaum (David
Anthony, Steven & Mendelbaum)
Kenneth Fisher) 25 St. Andrews Realty Real Estate 30,700
(Jerome & Ester
8 Milton and Pamela Health 50,000
Ansel)
Levin
26 Pratt Industries Manufacturing 30,700
9 First Fiscal Fund Real Estate 50,000
(Allison H Pratt)
(Lawrence & Susan
27 Metropolitan Life Insurance 30,700
Kadish)
28 Podiatry PAC Health 30,700
10 Gruss & Co (Martin & Finance 46,000
29 Beneficial Corp Finance 30,000
Audrey Gruss)
(Barbara Caspersen)
11 North Fork Bank Finance 43,000
30 Fred Drasner Communications & 30,000
12 Durst Organization Real Estate 41,000
Electronics
(Douglas D Durst)
31 Michael Chasanoff Real Estate 30,000
13 H J Kalikow & Co Real Estate 40,000
14 Saul Partners Finance 38,400 32 Computer Associates Communications & 30,000
15 Phoenix Marine Construction 37,000 International Electronics
16 J. P. Morgan Chase Finance 35,000
17 Glenwood Real Estate 35,000 33 Duquesne Capital Finance 30,000
Management Management (Stanley
18 Cadwalader Lawyers 35,000 Druckenmiller)
Wickersham & Taft
Pataki and “Soft Money”

Due to the “soft money” loophole in the Campaign Finance law, donors can make unlimited contirbutions
to the party “housekeeping” fund, thus avoiding statutory donation limits. As the only Republican candi-
date and the incumbent Governor, in addition to contributions to his own campaing committee, Pataki will
get a significant portion of the money given to the state Republican Party. Soft money contributions include:
l $150,000 from Bloomberg for Mayor l $77,000 from Verizon, the telephone /
l $100,000 from Edgar Bronfman of Seagram, telecommunications giant
an alcohol company l $67,345 from Four Points Sheraton, a
l $100,000 from MBNA, a credit card company hotel chain
Large Donations vs. Small Donations Individual Giving
During the first six months of 2001, Pataki Individuals gave the bulk of the money donated --
raised a lot of money from relatively few PACs $5,578,312, or 64% of the total money raised. The
and individuals. However, his contributions remaining $3,202,525, or 36%, came from PACs.
were less skewed toward large donations than the
other candidates’, or the total donations overall. This is in sharp contrast to our findings in our study
of giving in Legislative races. During the 1999-
Pataki raised $8.8 million dollars, or about $50,000 2000 legislative session, the proportion was
per day, including weekends and holidays. (The reversed -- 67% of donations to legislators came
exact amount is $48,246.) And he raised that from PACs, and only 33% was donated by individu-
$50,000 per day while working full-time -- as als.4
Governor of New York.
Pataki
Employers vs. Labor
l 39% of all of the money contributed
($3,394,820) came from 161 PACs and Employers far outspent labor in campaign contri-
individuals who gave $10,000 or more. butions to Pataki.
33% of the money contributed ($2,860,450) Percentages based on coded contributions

came from 166 distinct donations of $10,000
or more.
Legal & Health
Professionals
120 of these donations came from 118 distinct 15%
Employers
individuals. Those 118 individuals are .0006 80% Other
of 1% of all 18 million New Yorkers, but they 1%
gave $2,381,300, or 27% of the total money Labor
raised by Pataki. 4%
l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up l Labor unions donated $283,300 -- only 4% of

$7,523,818, 87% of the money raised by the total coded contributions.
Pataki.
l Giving by employers (defined here as coded
l Contributions of less than $100 made up only contributions from industries which are not
2% of the money raised, or $207,461. This “professional”* -- Lawyers, Lobbyists and
total is made up of 7,721 distinct donations. Health**) totalled $5,058,672, or 80% of the
total coded contributions. This is over 18
times more than labor.
$10,000+
33%
l Legal and Health professionals gave $965,892,
or 15% of total coded contributions.
$1,000-$9,999 $0-$99
54% 2% * Professionals are largely self-employed, and thus neither “employer” nor
“labor” applies
$100-$999 ** Health here includes hospitals and other health care employers. Because
Percentage of Pataki Total 11% the vast majority of donors coded under Health are in fact physicians and
By Size of Contribution other health professionals, this does not skew the results significantly.

l The Republican Party received only $12,500 in
donations from labor, compared to $980,392
from employers. Employers outspent labor 78
to 1.
Out of State Giving to Pataki
Governor Pataki is a high-profile politician on the

national level, and is drawing support from large
donors around the country.
l 1,295 of Pataki’s 13,742 donations in the

Governor’s race came from out-of-state
Pataki
contributors. Out of state donations totalled
$1,821,572, or about 21% of all of the money
donated.

area (New Jersey and Connecticut), there were
981 out of state contributions totalling
$1,303,384, or 15% of the money donated.
l 31 of Pataki’s 166 distinct donations of

$10,000 or more were from out of state
donors. These donations totalled $585,700, or
6% of the money raised.
Major Out-of-State Region Totals (Pataki)
State / Region Amount

Metro NYC (NJ + CT) $515,188
CA 285,939
FL 191,814
(DC + VA + MD)
TX 130,966

Andrew Cuomo, former secretary of Housing and Urban Development under
President Clinton and son of former Governor of New York Mario Cuomo, has
many campaign finance resources at his disposal. By drawing on Clinton connec-
tions from his time in Washington, using his father’s long-established connections
to New York elites and taking advantage of the doors opened by his inlaws, the
Kennedy family, Cuomo has built a substantial campaign chest. In the first leg of
the money marathon, he raised twice as much money as the other Democratic can-
didate, H. Carl McCall. But he will have to keep pulling in the big money to con-
vince New York State Democratic party heavy hitters to back him in the primary.
And, if he does defeat McCall in the primary, he will have an uphill battle to raise
enough to compete with George Pataki, who will run unchallenged in the primary
and who has already outraised Cuomo by a margin of almost 2 to 1. Andrew Cuomo
Overall: Cuomo Total Cuomo Contributions by

Interest/Industry
Total Number of Donations: 1,812 Finance $670,296
Communications & 635,526
Total Money Coded: $3,296,403 Electronics
Total Number of Donations Coded: 793 Real Estate 346,560
Lawyers 326,658
Cuomo
Total Industry/Interest Money Donated*: $3,012,052 Business Services 249,750
Total Number of Industry/Interest Donations: 790 Health 146,835
Energy 136,092
Percentage of Total Cuomo Contributions by Industry/Interest Personal 115,500
Industry/Interest Categories over $100,000 Political 71,100
Finance Construction 63,750
15% Insurance 55,700
Food & Beverage 48,500
Communications & Retired 46,500
Electronics Labor Unions 46,200
14% Miscellaneous 43,752
Uncoded & Other Retail 40,250
39% Lobbyists 38,894
Real Estate Gambling, Hotels & 33,700
8% Resorts
Lawyers
Government Employees 22,500
7%
Business Services Party 6,500
Personal
Health 5% Tobacco 5,000
3%
Energy 3%
Manufacturing Agriculture 2,000
3% Ideological 1,000
3%

Cuomo Top Donors
Donations Of $25,000 Or More
Donor Industry/Interest Amount Donor Industry/Interest Amount

1 Family members (Mario & Personal $133,200 17 BEA Systems (John Communications & $ 40,000
Matilda Cuomo, Maria Belizaire) Electronics
Cuomo Cole & Kenneth 18 Interscope Records Communications & 39,681
Cole, Howard Maier and (Frederick Field) Electronics
Margaret Cuomo, Edward 19 Conair Manufacturing 35,000
and Vicky Kennedy) 20 Whale Securities Insurance 30,700
2 Belco Oil & Gas (Robert, Energy 116,092 21 The Carlyle Group Finance 30,000
Laurence, Carolyn & (William & Joanne
Renee Belfer) Conway)
3 Entrust Capital Finance 106,823 22 Wellsford Real Properties Real Estate 29,000
4 Wireless Cable Communications & 95,400 Inc. (Jeffrey Lynford)
International Electronics 23 AOL Time Warner Communications & 28,068
5 Sutherland Capital Finance 85,000 Electronics
Management (Ira & Diana 24 Gabelli Asset Finance 25,000
Riklis) Management (Mario
6 RFR Realty (Aby & Liz Real Estate 80,000 Gabelli)
Rosen) 25 King World (Michael Communications & 25,000
7 Michael & Kris Fuchs Communications & 80,000 King) Electronics
Cuomo
Electronics 26 Richard Baker Unknown 25,000
8 Richard & Lynda Sirota Political 50,000 27 Verizon Communications & 25,000
(Cuomo campaign Electronics
treasurer) 28 Eldan Properties LTD Real Estate 25,000
9 Dan Klores (Dan Klores Business Services 47,000 (Marc Cohn)
Communications, Cuomo 29 Thomas Yessman Unknown 25,000
campaign manager) 30 Daniel Stern Unknown 25,000
10 Telephone Marketting Business Services 45,400 31 Meyer Frucher Finance 25,000
Programs Worldwide (Philadelphia Stock
(Andrew McKelvey) Exchange)
11 Miguell Lausell Lawyers 45,400 32 East Lake Management & Real Estate 25,000
12 Simona R. Ackerman Unknown 45,400 Development (Elzie
13 Dreyfus Mutual Fund Finance 45,400 Higginbottom)
(Jack J Dreyfus)
14 Capital Z Partners (Scott Finance 45,000 and Cuomo families wield significant political and
Delman) financial influence which will open many doors and
15 Dynamic Gunver Manufacturing 45,000 wallets.
Technologies (Paul Polo)
Andrew Cuomo is the only candidate to have Cuomo family members contributing:
l Mario & Matilda Cuomo $45,400 each
received campaign contributions from his family,
l Maria Cuomo Cole
and those contributions make up his largest
individual or group contribution. The $133,200 & Kenneth Cole $14,700 each
l Howard S. Maier $10,000
Cuomo received from his family only constitutes
l Ted & Vicki Reggie Kennedy $1,000 each
3% of his total, but it is only a small part of their
l Christopher Kennedy $1,000
assistance in his fundraising efforts. The Kennedy
Large Donations vs. Small Donations Cuomo Donations by Size of Contribution
$0-$99
During the first six months of 2001, Cuomo 0% $100-$999
raised a huge amount of money from relatively 5%
few PACs and individuals. The proportion of
Cuomo’s money coming from large donors is
significantly higher than either of the other
candidates, and the number of small donations
he received is significantly lower. $10,000+ $1,000 - $9,999
52% 43%
Cuomo raised $4.6 million dollars, or about $25,000

per day, including weekends and holidays. (The
exact amount is $25,246.) $4,335,782 of the money
came from PACs and individuals.
l 57% of all of the money contributed l Contributions of less than $100 made up less
(2,639,767) came from 88 PACs and than half of 1% of the money raised, or
individuals who gave $10,000 or more. $1,857. Cuomo received only 44 distinct
donations of less than $100. This is
52% of the money contributed ($2,395,307) particularly striking when contrasted with
Cuomo
came from 170 distinct donations of $10,000 Pataki’s 7,721 donations of less than $100.
or more.
For every small donation received by
These figures are significanly higher than Cuomo, Pataki has received 176. For every
either of the other candidates. Only 33% of $1 Cuomo received from a small donation,
Pataki’s money and 39% of McCall’s money Pataki has received $111.
came from donations of $10,000 or more.
Although Pataki had 7.5 times as many distinct Individual Giving to Cuomo
contributions as Cuomo, Cuomo has numerically
more distinct donations of $10,000 or more. And Virtually all of Cuomo’s total contributions came
although Pataki has raised almost twice as much from individuals -- $4,009,933, or 87% of the total
money as Cuomo, Cuomo has raised 84% of the money raised. The remaining $610,200, or 13%,
amount that Pataki has raised in donations of came from PACs. The proportion of Cuomo’s
$10,000 or more. money coming from individuals is significantly
higher than the other candidates (67% for Pataki and
l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up 71% for McCall.)
$4,392,672, 95% of the money raised by
Cuomo. Again, this figure is higher than This is in sharp contrast to our findings in our study
either Pataki (87%) or McCall (93%). of giving in Legislative races. During the 1999-
2000 legislative session, the proportion was
reversed -- 67% of donations to legislators came
from PACs, and only 33% came from individuals.5

Employers vs. Labor Out of State Giving to Cuomo
Employers dominated labor in campaign contri- Andrew Cuomo has the greatest proportion of
butions to Cuomo. Cuomo raised the least from his support coming from out of state of any of the
labor of any of the three candidates. three candidates.
l 775 of Cuomo’s 1,812 donations in the

Percentages Based on Coded Contributions Governor’s race came from out-of-state
contributors, comprising 43% of all of
Employers Cuomo’s distinct donations.
76%
l Out of state donations totalled $1,587,738, or
about 35% of all of the money Cuomo raised.

area (New Jersey and Connecticut), Cuomo
Legal & Health received 665 out of state contributions
Professionals totalling $1,179,362, or 15% of the money
15% donated.
Labor Other
Cuomo
2% 7% l 46 of Cuomo’s 170 distinct donations of
donors. These donations totalled $660,272, or
l Labor unions donated $76,700 -- only 2% of 14% of Cuomo’s total.
Cuomo’s total coded contributions.
Major Out-of-State Region Totals (Cuomo)
l Giving by employers (defined here as coded State / Region Amount
contributions from industries which are not Metro NYC (NJ + CT) $408,376
“professional” -- Lawyers, Lobbyists and
Health*) totalled $2,476,474, or 76% of total
(DC + VA + MD)
coded contributions. For each $1 donated
by labor, employers donated $33. CA 296,276
FL 109,375
l Legal and Health professionals gave $510,377, TX 100,888
or 15% of the total raised.
l Cuomo raised the least from labor, and

received the fewest small contributions.

The New York State Comptroller has a steep road ahead of him. Without the benefits
of being the incumbent governor or the Kennedy-Cuomo connections, McCall will
have a tough time keeping up in the money marathon. As an added difficulty, Security
and Exchange Commission regulations prohibit him, as Comptroller, from accepting
contributions from certain companies, specifically those in the municipal securities
industry. There are no equivalent restrictions on the Governor’s ability to raise money
from state contractors.
In the first leg, McCall raised only half as much as his Democratic competitor,
Andrew Cuomo, and he trailed incumbent Governor George Pataki by a ratio of Comptroller H. Carl McCall
almost 4 to 1. McCall has an edge on Cuomo and Pataki in labor support, which may
bring him a boost later in the campaign. But he will have to get more big donor support if he hopes to
compete financially in the primary, let alone in the general election.
Overall Donations: McCall
Total McCall Donations by
Total Money Donated: $2,231,144 Interest/Industry
Total Number of Donations: 1,339
Finance $489,850
Total Money Coded: $1,689,659 Lawyers 268,200
Total Number of Donations Coded: 562 Real Estate 193,700
Communications & 186,650
Total Industry/Interest Money Donated*: $1,624,509 Electronics
Total Number of Industry/Interest Donations: 530 Insurance 84,500
Percentage of Total McCall Donations by Industry/Interest Health 66,200
Contributions over $30,000 Government Employees 49,200
Government Retired 42,700
Employees Manufacturing Manufacturing 40,344
McCall
2% Retired 2% Construction 40,100
Health 2% Construction
3% 2% Tobacco 25,000
Business Services Uncoded & Other
4% Labor Unions 21,165
30%
Insurance Retail 16,750
4% Gambling, Hotels & 13,500
Communications &
Resorts
Electronics Food & Beverage 11,000
8% Lobbyists 9,500
Party Transfers 8,450
Real Estate Miscellaneous 7,000
9% Ideological 5,000
Finance Energy 2,250
Lawyers
12% 22% Political 2,000

Top McCall Donors Large Donations vs. Small Donations
Donations Of $15,000 Or More
Donor Industry/Interest Amount
During the first six months of 2001, McCall
1 Renaissance Technologies Finance $70,900 raised a large amount of money from relatively
Corp few PACs and individuals.
2 Milberg Weiss Bershad Lawyers 59,000
Hynes & Lerach McCall raised $2.2 million dollars, or about $12,000
3 BET Communications 35,000 per day, including weekends and holidays.
& Electronics
$2,166,014 of the money came from PACs and indi-
4 Llewellyn Werner Unknown 30,000
viduals.
5 O'Connor Associates LLP Unknown 30,000
6 Agvar Chemicals Health 29,700
l 51% of all of the money contributed
7 Ormes Capital Markets Finance 25,000
8 Plaza Cleaning Service Co. Business Services 25,000
($1,138,009) came from 93 PACs and
individuals who gave $10,000 or more.
9 Liggett (Bennett Lebow) Tobacco 25,000
10 M Silverman Unknown 25,000 39% of the money contributed ($870,400)
11 IP*NETWORK (Christine Communications 25,000 came from 57 distinct donations of $10,000
Schwarzman) & Electronics or more.
12 Pomerantz Haudek Block Lawyers 25,000
Grossman & Gross l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up
13 Joan G Cooney (Children's Communications 25,000 $2,067,959, 93% of the money raised by
Television Workshop) & Electronics McCall.
14 Hallman & Lorber (Howard Business Services 25,000
Lorber) l Contributions of less than $100 made up less
15 Rudin Management (Jack & Real Estate 24,700 than half of 1% of the money raised, or
Lewis Rudin
$4,980. McCall received only 144 distinct
16 Heitman Financial Real Estate 22,000
donations of less than $100. This is three
17 Lawrence B Buttenweiser Lawyers 20,000
times more than the 44 small contributions
McCall
18 Oppenheimer Capital Finance 20,000
made to Cuomo, but still only a small fraction
19 Shirley Finkelstein Unknown 20,000
20 American General Insurance 20,000
of Pataki’s 7,742 donations.
21 Leonard Green & Partners Finance 20,000
McCall Donations by Size of Contribution
22 Castle Harlan Finance 18,000
$100-$999
23 Corrections Officers PBA Government 16,000
$0-$99 7%
Employees
0%
24 Ark Asset Management Finance 15,000
25 Bernsetin Litowitz Berger Lawyers 15,000
& Grossman
26 CWA DISTRICT ONE Communications 15,000
& Electronics $10,000+
39%
$1,000-$9,999
54%

Individual Giving to McCall Out-of-State Giving to McCall
Over 2/3 of McCall’s total contributions came from Carl McCall does not have the same national
individuals -- $1,593,835, or 71% of the total money profile as his competitors, but he still received a
raised. The remaining $637,390, or 29%, came large proportion of his contributions from out
from PACs. of state donors.
This is in sharp contrast to our findings in our study l 339 of McCall’s 1,339 donations in the
of giving in Legislative races. During the 1999- Governor’s race came from out-of-state
2000 legislative session, the proportion was contributors, comprising 25% of all of
reversed -- 67% of donations to legislators came Cuomo’s distinct donations.
from PACs, and only 33% came from individuals.7
l Out of state donations totalled $707,025, or
Employers vs. Labor about 32% of all of the money McCall
raised.
McCall had the lowest ratio of donations from
employers to donations from labor of all three l Excluding the New York City metropolitan
candidates, but employers still dominated. area (New Jersey and Connecticut), McCall
received 276 out of state contributions
Percentage of Coded Contributions totalling $579,300, or 26% of the total
money donated.
Legal & Health
Professionals
20% l 12 of McCall’s 57 distinct donations of
Other donors. These donations totalled $177,500,
4% or 8% of his total.
Labor
Employers Major Out-of-State Region Totals (McCall)
McCall
7%
69%
Metro Washington $219,100
l Labor unions donated $119,765 -- about 7% of (DC + VA + MD)
McCall’s total coded contributions. CA 137,450
Metro NYC (NJ + CT) 127,725
l Giving by employers (defined here as coded TX 73,750
contributions from industries which are not FL 59,400
“professional” -- Lawyers, Lobbyists and
Health*) totalled $1,169,844, or 69% of the
total coded contributions.
l Legal and Health professionals gave $343,900,

or 20% of the total coded contributions. This
is the highest proportion of any of the three
candidates.
Conclusions & Recommendations $10,000 or more. And although Pataki raised almost
twice as much money as Cuomo, Cuomo raised
Big Money Takes the Lead 84% of the amount that Pataki raised in donations of
The first election that candidates for public office $10,000 or more.
must win is the wealth primary, the race for cam-
paign dollars. That race is off to a fast start in the State Comptroller Carl McCall's difficulty in build-
campaign for Governor of New York, with $15.6 ing a large donor base is why he lags in fundraising.
million dollars raised in the first six months of 2001, McCall has only two contributors of $40,000 plus
well before the election. The race is certain to be the compared to 13 for the Governor and 17 for Cuomo.
most expensive state-wide race in New York history Why should his relative inability to raise money
and may rival the $91 million spent on for New from the wealthy handicap his chances of being
York's US Senate seat in 2000. The race for tens of elected to Governor?
millions of dollars will be a marathon that lasts
through the Democratic primary in September and Regardless of who becomes the next Governor of
the general election in November. New York it is clear that a small number of big
donors will win. The same four industries -- finance,
The strongest runner in this marathon will be able to real estate, communications/electronics and lawyers
raise the most money from large donors. Small -- are the top donors to all three candidates and can
donors just don't add up. Donors who gave less than be sure that their interests will be well represented in
$100 make up less than 1% of the money while the Albany.
457 donors who gave $10,000 and more add up to
42% of the money collected. Is this Any Way to Run a Democracy?
The patriots who founded our country had a vision -
In this race the incumbent Governor has a clear a vision of a government of, by and for the people.
advantage, raising money from wealthy individuals Today, we have a government of, by and for the
and entities that rely on New York State policy and wealthy special interests who fund campaigns. This
business contracts. In the first six months of 2001 situation has arisen not out of any moral or ethical
Governor Pataki raised $2.8 million from donors of lapse among elected officials. It has arisen because
$10,000 and more. Pataki donors who gave $1,000 of the campaign system in the United States, which
or more made up $7.5 million, 91% of the money makes elected officials dependent on private donors
raised by the Governor. Pataki's wide base of large to pay their bills.
donors includes the four major industries that give
to all candidates: finance, real estate, communica- Voters, most of whom do not make any political
tions/electronics and lawyers. It also includes con- contributions, feel left out. The exchange of large
Conclusion
struction firms that benefit from state investments in sums of money between donors and candidates
infrastructure. amplifies the viewpoints of donors and special inter-
ests and undermines voters' faith in elections, gov-
With his Cuomo-Kennedy family connections, ernment, and political participation. Further, the sys-
Andrew Cuomo is even more reliant on large tem reduces electoral competition. Fewer good peo-
donors, raising more than half his funds, $2.6 mil- ple run for office because they don't want to spend
lion, from $10,000 plus donors. Although Pataki had the time that is required to court large donors for
7.5 times as many distinct contributions as Cuomo, their campaigns. Those that do run are handicapped
Cuomo has numerically more distinct donations of by an uneven playing field, where the advantage

goes to the candidate with the best access to cash, the captive of well-financed interests. We need
rather than the candidate with the most experience or instead a system where candidates can compete by
the best ideas. showing broad support from voters instead of nar-
row support from campaign funders. Clean Money
How to Break this Connection? Clean Elections reform, recently enacted in four
To sever the tie between special interest money and states, offers a way of doing so.
elected officials requires a fundamental reshaping of
our campaign finance system. The question before us Clean Money, Clean Elections reform begins to
is what reforms will realize the goals of returning restore the principle of "one person, one vote" that
from the rule of "one dollar-one vote" to "one person- lies at the core of our democracy. Clean Money,
one vote"? Clean Elections reform offers candidates an alter-
native to soliciting special interest money or spend-
There is a growing chorus for reform in New York. ing personal funds to run for office. Under Clean
The Assembly Speaker, Sheldon Silver, emphasized Money, Clean Elections reform, candidates who
his support for reform this winter by making a rare demonstrate broad support in their districts, and
appearance on the Assembly floor to argue for legisla- who are willing to reject private money and limit
tion he sponsored to provide $2 dollars of matching their spending, receive a fixed and equal amount of
public funds for every $1 of private funds, limit campaign funding from a publicly financed fund.
spending, end soft money and enact various other They are also eligible for additional public funds, if
reforms. The legislation passed the Assembly by a they are outspent by their opponents or targeted by
vote of 93-46. independent expenditures.
The Senate Majority Leader, Joseph Bruno, respond- PPEF commissioned a poll on Clean Money, Clean
ed that there was "zero support" for public financing Elections reform in October 2000 that found very
in the Senate. But the most vulnerable member of his strong support for the the reforms in New York. The
Republican majority, Roy Goodman of Manhattan, poll found that seven out of ten New Yorkers (71%)
who won reelection by a few hundred votes in support Clean Money, Clean Elections campaign
November 2000, is sponsoring a 4-1 match bill, mod- reform. The poll also found that: 80% support a lim-
eled after New York City's law. A Republican mem- ited and equal amount of public funds for candi-
ber from Long Island, Jim Lack, has sponsored a 2-1 dates; 88% support campaign spending limits; and
matching plan. 80% support limits on campaign contributions.
Governor Pataki is on record supporting major Clean Money, Clean Elections (CMCE) reforms
reforms including: scaling back New York's very high are designed to accomplish the following goals:
Conclusion
campaign limits; banning soft money; improving dis-
closure and beefing up enforcement, although he l Reduce and limit campaign spending. CMCE
opposes public financing. The Governor's proposal, sets strict spending limits, and prevents the
made 1999, was introduced as legislation in June of extraordinarily high amounts spent on recent
2001. campaigns for Governor and some legislative
races.
Effective reform must end the money marathon. As
long as candidates must rely on raising private money
to get elected to public office, elected officials will be

l Stop the flow of special interest money. The first elections under this new system were held
CMCE limits campaign contributions to par for the Maine and Arizona state legislatures in 2000.
ticipating candidates to no more than $100 One-third of Maine's legislators ran without taking
and to other candidates to $1000. any special interest money. In the Senate, 17 out of
35 members (49%) won their seats without special
l Give regular people a fair shot at winning interest funding. In the House, 45 out of 151 win-
office. CMCE candidates, who collect a set ners (30%) participated in the program.
number of $5 contributions from voters in
their districts, receive a fixed and equal Incumbents and challengers, Republicans and
amount of public funds, enough to run a com Democrats ran under the new system, with more
petitive campaign. Under CMCE, you don't than half of the Clean Election candidates (54%)
need to be rich or raise money from well- winning. In races that pitted Clean Election candi-
funded special interests, to run for office. dates against privately-funded opponents, Clean
Election candidates won 53% of the time. As pro-
l Stop the endless money chase. Under CMCE, vided under the law, many candidates received sup-
candidates qualify for office and can then plemental matching funds, above and beyond their
spend their time raising issues, instead of original state allotment, to keep pace with their
raising money. opponent's spending.
l Restore the principle of "one person, one Arizona also saw a big increase in the number of
vote." Now, the candidate who raises the candidates for office, as the state ushered in its new
most money is considered the front-runner. public financing program. Two hundred and four-
With CMCE, candidates receive a fixed and teen people ran for office this year, compared to 135
equal amount of funding, so they can concen people two years ago. Sixty candidates ran under the
trate on campaigning for votes, not dollars. Clean Election program. (More had planned to par-
ticipate, but chose not to as the program's imple-
CMCE reforms also include many of the proposals mentation was delayed by a court fight over a tech-
made by the Governor, legislative leadership and nical challenge to the law.) Sixteen candidates were
others, in Albany, including: better disclosure and elected without ties to special interests or Big
reporting; lower contribution limits; an end to soft- Money; 12 will serve in the Arizona House of
money; stronger enforcement; and measures to bal- Representatives and 2 will serve in the Senate.
ance out independent expenditures.
New York voters deserve more than the best candi-
Conclusion
Clean Money, Clean Elections legislation has been dates money can buy. It's time that candidates for
introduced in the New York Legislature by Senator election in New York turned away from one-dollar-
David Paterson and Assemblyman Felix Ortiz one vote and returned to one-person, one-vote. It's
(S.1638/A.2630). Some 16 members of the Senate time to end the Money Marathon in New York and
and more than 34 Assembly members have signed replace the current system with Clean Money,
on as sponsors. The approach is supported by a by Clean Elections.
some 80 citizen organizations representing reli-
gious, senior, labor, environmental, tenant, student,
women's, community, good government and neigh-
borhood groups.
Endnotes
1. Individuals and partnerships (schedule A), corporate contributions (schedule B), all other
(schedule C), in-kind contributions (schedule D) and housekeeping receipts (schedule P).
2. The Center for Responsive Politics is a non-partisan research group that investigates giving
to candidates for federal office and makes that information availabel to the media and all
interested members of the public. For a complete description of the category coding process,
see the Center’s “Follow the Money Handbook,” Larry Makinson, Washington, DC, 1994
3. See category list on p. 3
4. Capital Bargains, Capital Gains: Campaign Contributions to the New York State Legislature
from 1999-2000. Public Policy and Education Fund, 2000.
Available online at www.citizenactionny.org
5. ibid
6. Securities and Exchange Commission Rule G-37
7. Capital Bargains, Capital Gains
The Money Marathon: First Leg

The Money Marathon
Big Bucks and the Race for Governor of New York
Off and Running:

July 2001 through January 2002
and Full Year 2001
The Money Marathon: Off and Running is the second in a series of

reports on campaign finance in the 2002 New York State governor’s
race issued by the Public Policy and Education Fund of New York
January 2002

We gratefully acknowledge the following foundations for their financial support of
the Public Policy and Education Fund’s Clean Money, Clean Elections Project:
J. Roderick MacArthur Foundation

The Piper Fund
The Orchard Foundation
Public Campaign
The Arca Foundation
This report was written by Laura Braslow and Richard Kirsch of

the Public Policy and Education Fund.
Research for this study was conducted by Laura Braslow.
The design and layout for this report was provided by Laura Braslow
with the assistance of Nicole Merrill.
The Public Policy and Education Fund of New York is the research and education
affiliate of Citizen Action of New York.
To view this or any previous PPEF reports, please visit

the Citizen Action website: www.citizenactionny.org.
To order copies, contact:
Public Policy and Education Fund

94 Central Avenue
Albany, NY 12206
(518) 465-4600
Fax: (518) 465-2890
Email: ppef@citizenactionny.org
Copyright 2002 Public Policy and Education Fund of New York

Table of Contents
Executive Summary i
Introduction 1
Methodology 2
Findings 3
Overall 4
Pataki 7
Cuomo 9
McCall 11
Conclusions &
Recommendations 13

Introduction contributions made during 2001 to candidates for
governor George Pataki, Andrew Cuomo and H.
The 2002 race for Governor is vitally important for Carl McCall. The study provides crucial details that
the future of New York State. The person elected will fill out the headlines about how much money each
be responsible for leading New York through one of candidate raises. Our researchers focused on the
the most tumultous times in the state's history, work- following questions:
ing for the best interests of the all of the citizens of
our state. Yet money will, as always, play a huge role l What are some key factors we can use to
in the race for governor and the next four years. In characterize fundraising in the Governor’s race
the short term, it will effect the outcome of the elec- by individual candidates and overall.
tion. In the long term, the money our future
Governor receives from big donors and influential l What differences can we see in the money
industries cannot help but effect the decisions he funding the three candidates’ campaigns?
makes in office.
l What are the implications of these differences
The 2002 race for Governor in New York continues for the election, and for New York?
to be characterized by an extremely high level of
fundraising. In the first half of 20011, the three lead- The Money Marathon: Off and Running is one of
ing candidates for governor raised a total of $15.6 many campaign finance reports issued by the Public
million dollars. During the second half of the year2, Policy and Education Fund. We are continually
they raised an additional $11 million, for a total of building and refining a database of campaign contri-
$26.6 million in all of 20013. That's more than butions from interest groups and individuals to New
$77,000 per day, including weekends and holidays. York's elected officials. While only a small portion
The vast majority of this money comes from large of the information we have collected is included in
donations, made by PACs and individuals who have this report, we encourage members of the media and
a financial stake in the decisions made in Albany. the public to ask us questions about contributions to
Since money is essential for any political campaign, elected officials from interest groups, businesses
even when there is no strict quid pro quo relationship and individuals.
between a specific contribution and a specific policy,
donors often have significant influence in the politi- We are committed to compiling data and identifying
cal process. And the amounts of money -- and, cor- the interests that pay for our elected government,
respondingly, the amounts of influence -- will only with the belief that this information will help people
increase as we get closer to the 2002 election. Thus, better understand the forces at work in New York
it is essential that we watch closely and remain vigi- politics. Issuing reports is a large part of that, but
lant, keeping our elected officals accountable to all of we will also do our best to answer specific inquiries.
the citizens of New York, not only their campaign Please feel free to email us at
contributors. cleanmoney@citizenactionny.org, or call (518) 465-
4600 x107. All of our studies are available through
The Money Marathon: Off and Running is the the Citizen Action of New York website:
second in a series of reports on campaign finance in www.citizenactionny.org.
the 2002 Governor's race to be issued by the Public
Policy and Education Fund. This study is based on
1. July 2001 filing: January 12, 2001 - July 11, 2001
2. January 2002 filing: July 12, 2001 - January 11, 2002
3. Full Year 2002 compiled from July 2001 and January 2002 filings: January 12, 2001 - January 11, 2002
The Money Marathon: Off and Running 1

Methodology Although in previous reports we have coded
individuals and corporations into industry
This study is based on campaign finance reports categories and combined contributions from
filed with the New York State Board of Elections, as corporate executives with contributions from their
required by law, encompassing all donations made companies, we have not done so in this report. Due
between January 12, 2001 and January 11, 2002. to the complex, multi-step research process
The data used is comprised of 30,250 contributions necessary to identify the employers and occupations
made to the three major candidates for governor, of individual contributors, it is not possible to
George Pataki, Andrew Cuomo and H. Carl McCall. provide that depth of information in a timely
fashion. While many states, the federal government
The New York State Board of Elections requires that and New York City have enacted legislation requir-
campaign committees file records of their contribu- ing the reporting of occupation and employer for
tions, and provides this data to the public on its individual contributors, New York State has not.
internet site: www.elections.state.ny.us. (While by Thus, due to the time sensitive nature of this data,
law committees are only required to report contri- we have opted to forego the more intensive coding
butions of $100 or more, George Pataki and Andrew process for this report. However, this information
Cuomo’s election committees reported detail on all can still be made available upon request.
small contributions, down to $1.) The data was This study does not include data on contributions to
downloaded by our research team and compiled as the state Democratic and Republican Parties, simply
necessary to arrive at the aggregate numbers report- because key filings for the second half of 2001 were
ed here. The data used in this report is comprised of not yet available when the data for this report was
all contributions to the three candidates’ committees compiled. So, in the interest of timely reporting we
as reported to the State Board of Elections. decided to use only contribution data from the three
candidates’ campaigns. Data on the state parties can
Our aggregate numbers are slightly lower than those also be made available upon request.
that can be obtained on the Board of Elections
website. This is because we have included only the For the purposes of this study, we refer to all
contribution schedules which actually constitute businesses, corporations, non-profit organizations,
contributions from an individual or entity to a labor unions, law firms, partnerships, or other
campaign, rather than simply combining all organized groups as PACs -- political action
receipts. So, for example, the Board of Elections committees. In some parts of our study, we divide
would consider interest on a campaign bank account contributions into one of two categories --
as a “contribution,” as opposed to an expenditure, individuals and PACs. We did not rely on the
because it would be reported as a positive amount of information reported to the Board of elections to
money going into the campaign’s accounts. Since distinguish individuals from entitites, because that
we are interested in talking about fundraising and information is often not reported correctly. Instead,
campaign contributions specifically, we have opted we used a common sense rule -- an individual is any
to exclude the reporting schedules which deal with contributor with a first and last name.
fund transfers, rebates, and miscellaneous receipts.4
4. The Board of Elections includes schedules A, B, C, D, E, G, L and P as receipts. We have opted to use only schedules A, B, C, D and P. For details on what
each schedule encompasses, please see the New York State Board of Elections Handbook of Instructions for Campaign Financial Disclosure, available on the
Board of Elections website (www.elections.state.ny.us) under Campaign Finance.

Findings 1. How much money was raised?
2. How much money came from large
We have divided our findings into several sections contributions vs. small contributions?
-- one for the breakdown of contributions overall 3. How much money came from individuals vs.
and one for each of the three candidates for entities?
governor. Each section will deal with contributions 4. What proportion of donations came from out
during the past six months and the year to date. We of state, and which other states/regions were
will address and explore several issues which are most strongly represented?
essential to understanding the influence of money in
the Governor’s race, for each candidate and overall: In the section on each individual candidate, we will
consider the numbers individually and compare
them to the total for the past six months and for all
of 2001. This will allow comparison among the
candidates and a discussion of the key differences
between their financial supporters, as well as an
analysis of shifts in the key descriptive factors
between the first and second halves of the year.
The Money Marathon: Off and Running
Candidate Summary Data
Second Six Months of 2001: July 12, 2001 - January 11, 2002
Total Raised $ Raised $ and % from $ and % from $ and % Out
per day $10,000 Donations <$100 Donations of State
Pataki $4.9 million $28,000 $1.7 million $0.1 million $1.2 million
34% 2% 24%
Cuomo $4.1 million $24,000 $2.1 million $0.07 million $1.7 million
50% 2% 40%
McCall $1.9 million $11,000 $0.8 million $0.03 million $700,000
43% 1% 34%
OVERALL $11 million $64,000 $4.5 million $0.2 million $3.5 million
41% 2% 32%
Full Year: January 12, 2001 - January 11, 2002

Total Raised $ Raised $ and % from $ and % from $ and % Out
per day $10,000 Donations <$100 Donations of State
Pataki $13.7 million $37,000 $4.6 million $0.3 million $3 million
33% 2% 22%
Cuomo $8.7 million $24,000 $4.4 million $0.07 million $3.2 million
51% 0.8% 37%
McCall $4.2 million $11,000 $1.7 million $0.03 million $1.4 million
41% 0.8% 33%
OVERALL $26.6 million $73,000 $10.7 million $0.4 million $9.5 million
40% 2% 32%

The 2002 Governor’s race continues to be characterized
Overall Total Donations
by heavy fundraising. In the year 2001, before the race has
truly begun, the three leading candidates raised $26.6 Full Year 2001
million dollars. This election promises to easily surpass Total Money Donated: $26,582,789
the $40 million raised in 1998. A large portion of this Total Number of Donations: 30,250
Overall
money is coming from a handful of PACs and individuals
donating $10,000 or more, and almost all of the money July 2001 - January 2002
raised by the three candidates comes from donations of Total Money Donated: $10,950,659
$1,000 or more. As usual, small donations do not Total Number of Donations: 13,258
comprise a significant portion of any candidate’s war January 2001 - July 2001
chest. Total Money Donated: $15,632,130
Large Donations vs. Small Donations Individual donors gave 598 distinct donations
of $10,000 in 2001. The 434 of these
The candidates for governor raised the bulk of individuals who reported New York addresses
their money from relatively few PACs and indi- constitute only 0.002% of all 19 million New
viduals in 2001. Yorkers, but they gave $6,642,335, or 23% of
the total money raised.
In the last six months of 2001, the candidates raised
$11 million, $64,000 per day. In all of 2001, the l In the second half of 2001, the three candidates
candidates raised $26.6 million dollars, or about raised $9,926,659 in contributions of $1,000 or
$73,000 per day. more, 91% of the total money raised. Contri-
butions of $1,000 or more made up 91% of the
l 41% of all money contributed in the second money raised in all of 2001, $24,026,792.
half of 2001 ($4,542,120) came from 298
distinct contributions of $10,000 or more. l In the second half of 2001, the candidates
received at least 7,605 distinct contributions of
40% of all of the money contributed in less than $100, for a total of $206,912, or less
2001 ($10,716,277) came from 699 distinct than 2% of the money raised. In all of 2001,
donations from PACs and individuals who contributions of less than $100 totaled
gave $10,000 or more. $442,080, also less than 2% of the total raised.
July 2001-January 2002 Full Year 2001

Donations by Size of Contribution Donations by Size of Contribution
$1000-$9999 $1000-$9999
$100-$999 50% $100-$999
50%
7% 8%
$0-$99 $0-$99
2% 2%
$10000+ $10000+
41% 40%

Individuals vs. PACs Jan. 01 – July 02: States with $200,000+ in contributions
State Amount
Individuals gave the bulk of the money donated in California $591,763
2001. For the full year, individuals contributed Florida 364,724
$19,024,467, almost three-quarters (72%) of the New Jersey 358,760
Connecticut 340,651
Overall
total money raised by the three candidates. The
Massachusetts 288,980
remaining $7,533,638, or 28%, came from PACs.
Washington, DC 246,927
These percentages were consistent throughout the
Illinois 214,035
year, with candidates raising 72% of their money
from individual contributors during both halves of
2001. In the second half of 2001, $7,867,132 came Full Year 2001: States with $300,000+ in contributions
from individuals and $3,058,843 came from PACs. State Amount
California $1,311,428
This is in sharp contrast to our findings in our study New Jersey 1,071,730
of giving in Legislative races. During the 1999- Florida 725,313
2000 legislative session, the proportion was Connecticut 681,970
reversed -- 67% of donations to legislators came Washington, DC 641,762
from PACs, and only 33% was donated by Texas 407,964
individuals.5
Illinois 374,948
Out of State Giving Major Regions: July 2001 -- January 2002 ($300,000+)
The 2002 New York State Governor’s race is a high- New Jersey + Connecticut (Metro NYC) $699,411
profile election on the national level, and all three California 591,763
candidates are drawing support from large donors DC + Virginia + Maryland (Metro DC) 426,967
around the country. Florida 364,723
Major Regions: Full Year 2001 ($500,000 or more)

l In the second half of 2001, 4,812 contributions State / Region Amount
(36% of all distinct contributions) came from New Jersey + Connecticut (Metro NYC) $1,753,700
out of state. These donations totalled California 1,311,428
$3,480,793, or 32% of all money raised. DC + Virginia + Maryland (Metro DC) 1,071,413
Excluding New Jersey and Connecticut, there FL 725,313
were 4,281 out of state contributions totalling
l In all of 2001, 164 of the 699 distinct
$2,781,381, or 25% of the money raised.
donations of $10,000 or more were from out
of state donors. These donations totalled
l 7,221 of the 30,250 donations in 2001 came
$2,920,592, 27% of the total for all donations
from out-of-state contributors. Out of state
over $10,000, or 11% of the total raised.
donations totaled $9,481,836, or about 32% of
all of the money donated to the three l Overall in 2001, out of state donations tended
candidates. Excluding New Jersey and to be roughly equivalent in size with
Connecticut, there were 6,203 out of state donations from New Yorkers. 36% of
contributions in 2001 totaling $7,728,136, contributions came from out of state,
25% of all money donated. comprising 32% of the total money raised.
5. “Capital Bargains, Capital Gains,” Public Policy and Education Fund of New York, 2000

Out of State Giving (cont.) Jan 2001 - Jan 2002: Candidate Contribution
Totals as Share of Total Money Raised
Overall in 2001, out of state donations tended to be roughly M cCall
equivalent in size with donations from New Yorkers, with out of 16%
state donations comprising 36% of distinct donations and 32% of
Overall
money donated. However, in the case of each individual Pataki
candidate the percentages were skewed. Pataki’s out of state 51%
donations were larger than his in state donations, with out of state Cuomo
comprising 10% of distinct donations and 22% of money 33%
donated. For McCall, out of state contributions made up 20% of

distinct donations and 33% of money donated. Cuomo was the July 2001 - Jan 2002: Candidate Contribution
only candidate for whom out of state donations were smaller on Totals as Share of Total Money Raised
average than in state donations -- 70% of his contributions came McCall
from out of state, but they only comprised 37% of his total money. 18%
Candidate Totals Comparison Pataki

44%
The three candidates for governor have each raised millions of dol-
lars so far in the money marathon. Governor Pataki maintains a
substantial lead, but in the second half of 2001 Andrew Cuomo Cuomo
38%
nearly matched Pataki in fundraising. Carl McCall still lags
behind the other two candidates in fundraising. January - July 2001: Candidate Contribution
Totals as Share of Total Money Raised
l In the first year of the Governor’s race, Republican candidate McCall
Governor George Pataki raised $13,667,453. This 14%
constitutes over half (51%) of all money raised by three

candidates. During the second half of 2001, Pataki raised
$4,886,616, significantly less than the $8,780,837 he
brought in in the first half of the year. Cuomo
Pataki
56%
30%
l Democratic Candidate Andrew Cuomo, former Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development under President Clinton,
raised $8,741,088 in the year 2001, or 33% of all money l In the second half of 2001, Pataki
contributed. In the second half of 2001, Cuomo raised raised only 19% more than
$4,120,955, only slightly less than the $4,620,133 he received Cuomo, or $765,661. Cuomo and
in the first half of the year. Pataki both outraised McCall by
more than 2 dollars to 1.
l Democratic Candidate H. Carl McCall, New York State
l For all of 2001, Pataki outraised
Comptroller, raised $4,174,251 during 2001, or 16% of all
Cuomo by roughly 3 dollars to 2,
money contributed. He raised $1,943,087 between July 2001
and Cuomo outraised McCall by
and January 2002, slightly less than the $2,231,164 he raised
roughly 2 dollars to 1. Pataki
during the first six months of 2001.
outraised McCall by a ratio of 3
dollars to 1.
Governor George Pataki
George Pataki, the incumbent Governor of New York, continues to hold a substantial
lead in the money marathon. Drawing on long-established relationships with wealthy
and powerful PACs and individuals built over his eight years as Governor, Pataki has
raised 3 dollars for every 2 brought in by his nearest competitor, and commands more
than half of all of the money contributed so far to the three candidates in the
Governor’s race. Although his fundraising clip slowed somewhat in the second half
of the year, he continues to be the runner to beat in the race for campaign cash.
Governor George E Pataki
Pataki Overall Total Donations l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up 87%

of Pataki’s total in the second half of 2001,
$4,267,327. For all of 2001, Pataki raised
Pataki
Full Year 2001
Total Money Donated: $13,667,453 $11,894,829 in contributions of $1000 or
Total Number of Donations: 20,857 more, 87% of his total.
July 2001 - January 2002 l Contributions of less than $100 made up only
Total Money Donated: $4,886,616 2% of Pataki’s money in the second half of
Total Number of Donations: 7,017 2001, or $109,624. In all of 2001, Pataki
received 11,461 distinct contributions of less
January 2001 - July 2001
than $100, for a total of $317,905.
Pataki totals by size of contribution, July 01-Jan 02
Large Donations vs. Small Donations $100-$999
10% $1000-$9999
Governor Pataki raised millions of dollars from 54%
relatively few PACs and individuals in 2001. $0-$99
2%
In the last six months of 2001, Governor Pataki raised
$4,886,616, $28,000 per day In all of 2001, Governor
Pataki raised $13,667,435, or about $37,000 per day.
$10000+
34%
l 34% of all of the money raised by Governor
Pataki in the second half of 2001 ($1,652,880) Pataki totals by size of contribution, Full Year 2001
came from 102 distinct donations from PACs
and individuals who gave $10,000 or more. $100-$999
11% $1000-$9999
33% of Pataki’s total for all of 2001 $0-$99
54%
($4,561,330) came from 272 distinct 2%
contributions of $10,000 or more.
$10000+
33%

Out of State Giving l During all of 2001, Governor Pataki received
22% of his total (2,974,065) from out of state
Governor Pataki is a high-profile figure around the donors. This comprised 2,180 distinct out of
country, and as such has received a significant portion state contributions.
of his campaign contributions from out of state
donors. However, the governor has received a Excluding the New York City metropolitan
smaller percentage of his total from out of state area, Pataki received 1,647 distinct out of
contributors than either of his opponents. state contributions which came to $2,102,141,
15% of his total.
l During the second half of 2001, Governor
Pataki received 24% of his total ($1,152,491) Individual Giving
from out of state donors. Pataki received 885
distinct contributions from outside of New York. Individuals gave the bulk of the money donated in
Pataki
2001, but Governor Pataki received a greater
Excluding the New York metropolitan area proportion of his total from PACs than did either of
(New Jersey and Connecticut), Pataki received his competitors. During the second half of 2001,
664 distinct donations from out of state totalling Governor Pataki raised 66% of his money from
$789,755, or 16% of his total. individuals ($3,228,037.) The remaining 34%
($1,658,579) came from PACs. During all of 2001,
Out of State Contributions Governor Pataki raised 64% of his money from
Pataki Major Region Totals individuals and 36% from PACs.
July 2001 -- January 2002 ($50,000 or more)

Metro Washington (DC+VA+MD) 175,892
California 114,001
Florida 90,703
Pennsylvania 53,460
Texas 51,845
Full Year 2001 ($100,000 or more)

California 399,940
Florida 282,517
Texas 182,811

Andrew Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo, former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under

President Clinton and son of former Governor of New York Mario Cuomo, has
many campaign finance resources at his disposal. By drawing on Clinton connec-
tions from his time in Washington, using his father’s long-established connections
to New York elites and taking advantage of the doors opened by his inlaws, the
Kennedy family, Cuomo has built a substantial campaign chest. During the past six
months, Cuomo raised almost as much as incumbent Governor Pataki, and in the
first year of the money marathon, he raised twice as much money as the other
Democratic candidate, H. Carl McCall.
Andrew Cuomo
Large Donations vs. Small Donations

Cuomo Overall Total Donations
Andrew Cuomo raised more than half of his money
in 2001 from PACs and individuals donating Full Year 2001
$10,000 or more, and almost all of his money from Total Money Donated: $8,741,088
donations of $1,000 or more. Of the three Total Number of Donations: 6,348
candidates, he received the largest proportion of his
contributions from large donors. July 2001 - January 2002
Cuomo
In the last six months of 2001, Cuomo raised Total Number of Donations: 4,536
$4,120,956. In all of 2001, he raised $8,741,088. This
comes to roughly $24,000 per day for the second half January 2001 - July 2001
of the year and the year overall. Total Money Donated: $4,620,132
l 50% of all of the money raised by Andrew
Cuomo in the second half of 2001 ($2,052,340) Cuomo totals by size of contribution, July 01-Jan 02
came from 144 distinct donations from PACs
$0-$99
and individuals who gave $10,000 or more. $10000+ 2%
51% of Cuomo’s total for all of 2001 50%
$100-$999
($4,447,647) came from 318 distinct 3%
Although Pataki had more than three times as many $1000-$9999

distinct contributions as Cuomo in 2001, Cuomo had 45%
numerically more distinct donations of $10,000 or
Cuomo totals by size of contribution, Full Year 2001
more (272 for Pataki, 318 for Cuomo.) And although
$0-$99
Pataki outraised Cuomo 3 to 2, Cuomo raised virtually $10000+ 1%
the same amount as Pataki in donations of $10,000 or 51% $100-$999
more. (Cuomo raised $4.45 million in large donations 4%
to Pataki’s $4.56 million.)
$1000-$9999
44%

Large Donations vs. Small Donations (cont.) Out of State Giving
l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up 95%
Andrew Cuomo has used his national connections to
of Cuomo’s total in the second half of 2001,
pull in the largest number of out of state contributions
$3,920,046. For all of 2001, Cuomo raised
of the three candidates. Of the three candidates,
$8,318,718 in contributions of $1000 or
Cuomo raised the largest proportion of his money
more, also 95% of his total.
from out of state donors.
l Contributions of less than $100 made up 2%
of Cuomo’s money in the second half of 2001, l During the second half of 2001, Cuomo
or $70,669. In all of 2001, Cuomo received received 40% of his total ($1,658,502) from out
3,329 distinct contributions of less than $100, of state donors. 81% of Cuomo’s distinct
for a total of $72,526, less than 1% of his total. contributions came from out of state.
Excluding the New Jersey and Connecticut,
Individual Giving Cuomo received 3,408 distinct donations from
out of state totaling $789,755,16% of his money.
Individuals gave the bulk of the money donated in
l During all of 2001, Cuomo received 37% of his
2001, and Andrew Cuomo received the greatest
total ($3,246,240) from out of state donors. This
portion of his total from individuals of the three
comprised 4,430 distinct out of state
candidates. During the second half of 2001, Cuomo
contributions, 70% of his total distinct
raised 76% of his money from individuals
Cuomo
contributions. Excluding the New York City
($3,112,567.) The remaining 24% ($1,008,388)
metropolitan area, Cuomo received 3,073
came from PACs. Cuomo received only 251 distinct
distinct out of state contributions in 2001 which
contributions from PACs. During all of 2001,
came to $2,587,814, 30% of his total.
Cuomo raised 81% of his money from individuals
and 19% from PACs.
l Cuomo received donations from all 50 states and
Out of State Contributions the District of Columbia in the second half of
Cuomo Major Region Totals 2001.
July 2001 -- January 2002 ($200,000 or more) Of the 3,285 contributions of less than $100
received by Cuomo in the second half of 2001, less
California $317,862
than 200 came from donors reporting New York
Florida 262,046
State addresses. Only 6% of Cuomo’s small contribu-
tions in the second half of 2001 came from New
Yorkers. These contributions came to $9,110 -- 13%
of the total money he raised in small
Full Year 2001 ($200,000 or more) contributions and roughly 0.2% of his total overall.
California 614,138
Florida 371,421

H. Carl McCall
The New York State Comptroller continues to lag behind in the money marathon.
Without the benefits of being the incumbent governor, or the Kennedy-Cuomo
connections, McCall has had relative difficulty attracting large donor support. In
2001, McCall raised less than half as much as his Democratic competitor, Andrew
Cuomo, and he trailed incumbent Governor George Pataki by a ratio of more than 3
to 1.
Comptroller H. Carl McCall
l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up 90%

McCall Overall Total Donations of McCall’s total in the second half of 2001,
$1,739,286. In all of 2001, McCall raised
Full Year 2001
Total Money Donated: $4,174,251 $3,813,245 in contributions of $1000 or
Total Number of Donations: 3,044 more, 91% of his total.
July 2001 - January 2002 l Contributions of less than $100 made up only
1% of McCall’s money in the second half of
2001, or $26,619. Less than 1% of McCall’s
total for all of 2001 came from donations of
January 2001 - July 2001
less than $100 ($31,649.)
McCall totals by size of contribution, July01-Jan02
$10000+
Large Donations vs. Small Donations 41%
Comptroller McCall raised a lot of money from
McCall
relatively few PACs and individuals in 2001.
$0-$99
$1000-$9999
1%
In the last six months of 2001, McCall raised 50%
$1,943,087. In all of 2001, McCall raised $100-$999
$4,174,251, or about $11,000 per day. 8%
l 43% of all of the money raised by McCall totals by size of contribution, Full Year 2001
Comptroller McCall in the second half of
$10000+
2001 ($836,900) came from 52 distinct 43%
donations from PACs and individuals who
gave $10,000 or more.
41% of McCall’s total for all of 2001 $0-$99

($1,707,300) came from 109 distinct $1000-$9999 1%
47% $100-$999
9%

Out of State Giving Individual Giving
Carl McCall has succeeded in attracting a large Carl McCall received the vast majority of his money
number of out of state donors. He received signifi- from individual donors. During the second half of
cantly less of his money from out of state than 2001, Comptroller McCall raised 79% of his money
Cuomo, and only a fraction of the Cuomo’s out of from individuals ($1,526,528.) 20% ($391,875)
state distinct donations, but a significantly higher came from PACs, and the remaining 1% was
percentage of his money came from out of state than reported as unitemized contributions. McCall
did Pataki’s. received only 196 distinct contributions from PACs.
During all of 2001, Cuomo raised 75% of his money
l During the second half of 2001, Carl McCall from individuals and 25% from PACs.
received 34% of his total ($669,800) from out
of state donors. Excluding the New York
metropolitan area (New Jersey and
Connecticut), McCall received 207 distinct
donations from out of state totaling $574,175,
or 30% of all of the money he raised during
that period.
l During all of 2001, McCall received

33% of his total ($1,376,825) from out of state
donors. This comprised 20% of his distinct
contributions. Excluding the New York City
metropolitan area, McCall received 28% of his
total ($1,153,475) from out of state donors.
Out of State Contributions

McCall Major Region Totals
McCall
July 2001 -- January 2002 ($50,000 or more)
California $159,900
Illinois 148,000
Pennsylvania 67,975
Full Year 2001 ($100,000 or more)

California $297,350
Illinois 233,500
Metro Washington (DC + VA + MD) 150,600

Conclusions & Recommendations donations of $10,000 or more. And although Pataki
raised almost twice as much money as Cuomo,
Big Money Takes the Lead Cuomo raised significantly more than Pataki raised
The first election that candidates for public office in donations of $10,000 or more.
must win is the wealth primary, the race for
campaign dollars. That race is off to a fast start in State Comptroller Carl McCall's relative difficulty
the campaign for Governor of New York, with $26.6 in building a large donor base is why he lags in
million dollars raised in 2001, before the election fundraising. McCall had only 52 contributions of
has truly begun. The race is certain to be the most $10,000 or more in the second half of the year, com-
expensive state-wide race in New York history and pared to 102 for Pataki and 144 for Cuomo. Why
may rival the $91 million spent on the election for should his relative inability to raise money from the
New York's US Senate seat in 2000. The race for wealthy handicap his chances of being elected
tens of millions of dollars will be a marathon that Governor?
lasts through the Democratic primary in September
and the general election in November. No matter who wins the election, a certain small
group of organizations and individuals will win --
The strongest runner in this marathon will be able to namely, those who can afford to make large
raise the most money from large donors. Small donations to political campaigns. A large amount of
donors just don't add up. Donors who gave less than money is coming to the Governor’s race from a
$100 make up less than 2% of the money while the small number of groups and people, many of whom
699 donors who gave $10,000 and more add up to have a financial stake in decisions made in Albany.
40% of the money collected. Donations of $1,000
accounted for 90% of all money raised.
Is this Any Way to Run a Democracy?
In this race the incumbent Governor has a clear The patriots who founded our country had a vision -
advantage, raising money from wealthy individuals a vision of a government of, by and for the people.
and entities that rely on New York State policy and Today, we have a government of, by and for the
business contracts. In the second half of 2001 wealthy individuals and interests who fund
Governor Pataki raised $1.7 million from donors of campaigns. This situation has arisen not out of any
$10,000 and more. Pataki donors who gave $1,000 moral or ethical lapse among elected officials. It has
or more made up $4.3 million, 87% of the money arisen because of the campaign system in the United
raised by the Governor. Pataki raised $4.6 million States, which makes elected officials dependent on
from donations of $10,000 or more in 2001, and private donors to pay their bills.
$11.9 million from donations of $1,000 or more
Conclusion
during the same period. Voters, most of whom do not make any political
contributions, feel left out. The exchange of large
With his Cuomo-Kennedy family connections, sums of money between donors and candidates
Andrew Cuomo continues to be even more reliant amplifies the viewpoints of donors and special inter-
on large donors, raising half his funds, $2.1 million, ests and undermines voters' faith in elections, gov-
from $10,000 plus donors in the second half of ernment, and political participation. Further, the sys-
2001. Although Pataki had almost twice as many tem reduces electoral competition. Fewer good peo-
distinct contributions as Cuomo in the second half ple run for office because they don't want to spend
of the year, Cuomo had numerically more distinct the time that is required to court large donors for

their campaigns. Those that do run are handicapped candidates can compete by showing broad support
by an uneven playing field, where the advantage goes from voters instead of narrow support from
to the candidate with the best access to cash, rather campaign funders. Clean Money, Clean Elections
than the candidate with the most experience or the reform, recently enacted in four states, offers a way
best ideas. of doing so.
How to Break this Connection? At a NOW Candidate Forum on January 13th,

To sever the tie between special interest money and Andrew Cuomo and Carl McCall both stated their
elected officials requires a fundamental reshaping of support for Clean Money, Clean Elections reform.
our campaign finance system. The question before us When asked “will you support Clean Money, Clean
is what reforms will realize the goals of returning Elections campaign finance reform and work for its
from the rule of "one dollar-one vote" to "one person- passage as Governor?” McCall replied, “I support
one vote"? that proposal,” and Andrew Cuomo exclaimed,
“Clean Money, amen!” Cuomo continued to
There is a growing chorus for reform in New York. expound on the need for “full public financing” of
The Assembly Speaker, Sheldon Silver, emphasized elections in New York.
his support for reform last winter by making a rare
appearance on the Assembly floor to argue for Clean Money, Clean Elections reform begins to
legislation he sponsored to provide $2 dollars of restore the principle of "one person, one vote" that
matching public funds for every $1 of private funds, lies at the core of our democracy. Clean Money,
limit spending, end soft money and enact various Clean Elections reform offers candidates an
other reforms. The legislation passed the Assembly by alternative to soliciting special interest money or
a vote of 93-46. spending personal funds to run for office. Under
Clean Money, Clean Elections reform, candidates
The Senate Majority Leader, Joseph Bruno, who demonstrate broad support in their districts,
responded that there was "zero support" for public and who are willing to reject private money and
financing in the Senate. However, Bruno ignored the limit their spending, receive a fixed and equal
sponsorship of public financing bills by two of his amount of campaign funding from a publicly
Republican colleagues, Roy Goodman and Jim Lack, as financed fund. They are also eligible for additional
well as substantial support from Democratic senators. public funds, if they are outspent by their opponents
or targeted by independent expenditures.
Governor Pataki is on record supporting major
reforms including: scaling back New York's very high PPEF commissioned a poll on Clean Money, Clean
campaign limits; banning soft money; improving Elections reform in October 2000 that found very Conclusion
disclosure and beefing up enforcement, although he strong support for the the reforms in New York. The
opposes public financing. The Governor's proposal, made poll found that seven out of ten New Yorkers (71%)
in 1999, was introduced as legislation in June of 2001. support Clean Money, Clean Elections campaign
reform. The poll also found that: 80% support a
Effective reform must end the money marathon. As limited and equal amount of public funds for
long as candidates must rely on raising private money candidates; 88% support campaign spending limits;
to get elected to public office, elected and 80% support limits on campaign contributions.
officials will be the captive of well-financed
interests. We need instead a system where

Clean Money, Clean Elections (CMCE) reforms are more than 34 Assembly members have signed on as
designed to accomplish the following goals: sponsors. The approach is supported by a by some
80 citizen organizations representing
l Reduce and limit campaign spending. CMCE
religious, senior, labor, environmental, tenant,
sets strict spending limits, and prevents the student, women's, community, good government
extraordinarily high amounts spent on recent and neighborhood groups.
campaigns for Governor and some legislative
races. The first elections under this new system were held
for the Maine and Arizona state legislatures in 2000.
l Stop the flow of special interest money.
One-third of Maine's legislators ran without taking
CMCE limits campaign contributions to any special interest money. In the Senate, 17 out of
participating candidates to no more than $100 35 members (49%) won their seats without special
and to other candidates to $1000. interest funding. In the House, 45 out of 151
l Give regular people a fair shot at winning winners (30%) participated in the program.
office. CMCE candidates, who collect a set Incumbents and challengers, Republicans and
number of $5 contributions from voters in Democrats ran under the new system, with more
their districts, receive a fixed and equal than half of the Clean Election candidates (54%)
amount of public funds, enough to run a winning. In races that pitted Clean Election
competitive campaign. Under CMCE, you candidates against privately-funded opponents,
don't need to be rich or raise money from Clean Election candidates won 53% of the time. As
well-funded special interests to run for office. provided under the law, many candidates received
l Stop the endless money chase. Under CMCE, supplemental matching funds, above and beyond their
candidates qualify for office and can then original allotment, to keep pace with opponents’spending.
spend their time raising issues, instead of Arizona also saw a big increase in the number of
raising money. candidates for office, as the state ushered in its new
l Restore the principle of "one person, one vote." public financing program. Two hundred and
Now, the candidate who raises the most money fourteen people ran for office this year, compared to
is considered the front-runner. With CMCE, 135 people two years ago. Sixty candidates ran
candidates receive a fixed and equal amount of under the Clean Election program. (More had
funding, so they can concentrate on planned to participate, but chose not to as the
campaigning for votes, not dollars. program's implementation was delayed by a court
fight over a technical challenge to the law.) Sixteen
CMCE reforms also include many of the proposals candidates were elected without ties to special Conclusion
made by the Governor, legislative leadership and interests or Big Money; 12 will serve in the Arizona
others, in Albany, including: better disclosure and House of Representatives and 2 will serve in the Senate.
reporting; lower contribution limits; an end to
soft-money; stronger enforcement; and measures to New York voters deserve more than the best
balance out independent expenditures. candidates money can buy. It's time that candidates
for election in New York turned away from one
Clean Money, Clean Elections legislation has been dollar one vote and returned to one person, one vote.
introduced in the New York Legislature by Senator It's time to end the Money Marathon in New York
David Paterson and Assemblyman Felix Ortiz and replace the current system with Clean Money,
(S.1638/A.2630). Some 16 members of the Senate and Clean Elections.


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The Money Marathon

Big Bucks and the Race for Governor of New York

The First Leg: January through July 2001

The Money Marathon: First Leg is the first in a series of reports on

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J. Roderick MacArthur Foundation

This report was written by Laura Braslow and Richard Kirsch of

Research for this study was conducted by Laura Braslow with

To view this or any previous PPEF reports, please visit

To order copies, contact:

Public Policy and Education Fund

Copyright 2001 Public Policy and Education Fund of New York

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The Money Marathon: First Leg i

The Money Marathon: First Leg

Total $ Raised $ and % $10,000 # $40,000 Employer/ $ and % Out

The Money Marathon: First Leg ii

The Money Marathon: First Leg iii

The Money Marathon: First Leg iv

PPEF commissioned a poll on Clean Money, Clean

Clean Money, Clean Elections reforms was first

New York voters deserve more than the best candi-

The Money Marathon: First Leg vi

The Money Marathon: First Leg 2

The Money Marathon: First Leg 3

Overall Total Donations By

The Money Marathon: First Leg 4

l Contributions of less than $100 made up only

Donations by Size of Contribution l Giving by employers (defined here as coded

The Money Marathon: First Leg 7

l 113 of the 457 distinct donations of $10,000 or

The Money Marathon: First Leg 8

McCall However, despite the overwhelming dominance of

The Money Marathon: First Leg 9

l A much larger share of Cuomo’s contribu- Lawyers is McCall’s #2 industry, while it is

The Money Marathon: First Leg 10

Real Estate Finance

The Money Marathon: First Leg 11

Pataki and “Soft Money”

33% of the money contributed ($2,860,450) Percentages based on coded contributions

l Contributions of $1,000 or more made up l Labor unions donated $283,300 -- only 4% of

The Money Marathon: First Leg 13

Governor Pataki is a high-profile politician on the

l 1,295 of Pataki’s 13,742 donations in the

l Excluding the New York City metropolitan

l 31 of Pataki’s 166 distinct donations of

Major Out-of-State Region Totals (Pataki)

State / Region Amount

The Money Marathon: First Leg 14

Overall: Cuomo Total Cuomo Contributions by

The Money Marathon: First Leg 15

Donor Industry/Interest Amount Donor Industry/Interest Amount

Cuomo raised $4.6 million dollars, or about $25,000

The Money Marathon: First Leg 17

l 775 of Cuomo’s 1,812 donations in the

l Excluding the New York City metropolitan

l Cuomo raised the least from labor, and

The Money Marathon: First Leg 18

The Money Marathon: First Leg 19

The Money Marathon: First Leg 20

l Legal and Health professionals gave $343,900,

The Money Marathon: First Leg 22