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112

Figure 6.2 A fringing reef, lagoon and mangrove forest alongside Antigua

Coral reefs act as buffer zones providing

vital shoreline protection from storms
and tsunamis (Figure 6.2). The shallow
water above a reef forces waves to break

Because they support large numbers of

fish, coral reefs are important commercial
fishing grounds, providing some 25 per cent
of the developing world's total fish catch. It
is estimated that coral reef fisheries in East
Asia feed over 1 billion people.

marine fish. One hectare of reef off Southeast Asia was found to support over 2000
species of fish. This is more than the number
of bird species in the whole of North
America! Up to 800 different species of coral
make up the world's coral reefs.

6) Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are popular tourist

destinations. The Great Barrier Reef in
Australia supports a US$1 billion tourist
industry five times the value of the
reef's commercial fisheries. Many other
countries earn large sums of money from
tourists who are keen to snorkel and
scuba-dive in coral reef environments
(Figure 6.3). Florida's reefs contribute
US$1.6 billion to the economy of the
USA each year. Millions of people visit
the Caribbean each year to enjoy its
fine beaches and coral reefs. Tourism

early before reaching the mainland shore.

This reduces coastal erosion and the risk
of flooding. Reefs also provide sheltered
conditions for the growth of mangrove
forests, which are vital fisheries and
wetland ecosystems. If sea levels rise as
predicted due to global warming, coral
reefs will continue to grow and provide
protection, so long as the conditions
remain healthy.

Figure 6.3 Coral reefs are a popular tourist attraction

Figure 6.4

Coral rock being extract

In some places coral

for example for lime
building industry. El
(coral that has been
and thrown onto the
the construction ind
Coral reefs are incre
medicinal purposes.
and sponges, which
reefs, provide bioac
medicines, and som
bone grafts. Scienti
the chemicals releas
for self-protection c
the future to treat v

Many tropical fish ar

and exhibit a fascinat
and sizes. They are t
after for the growing
and highly valued by
commercial enterpris

contributes more tha

the economy of the C
Chapter 11).

Heritage Site. In the

barrier reef some
of Belize (see below).
ught to develop where
med next to a lowA relative rise in sea
of years floods the
ating a much wider
en an initial fringing
Coral continues to grow
er reef feature that
m the coast by many

Finding information on a map

Study Figure 6.11, which shows a part of
Smith's Province in Bermuda.
1 Name the place where the fringing coral
reef is closest to the shore.
2 What is the distance from the reef to the
shore at this point?
3 What is the greatest distance from the shore
to the reef? Where is that?

Coral Reefs

4 Describe the distribution and pattern of the

fringing coral reef.
5 What is the height of the land at the coast?
6 What is the main type of land use along this
stretch of the coast?
7 Why might tourists be interested in visiting
the area of Bermuda shown in the map
extract?

6)