F O U R U N K N O W N C/~I~IAKYA MSs IN L E I D E N

by

LUDWIK STERNBACH LL.D.

New York

1. During my stay in Leiden in 1957 I came across four C~.nakya's MSs, three of which belong to the University Library, Leiden: MSs. Cod. Or. 8855, 8857 and 8859 and one to Prof. J. W. de Jong (CSJ). I am deeply obliged to the University Library, Leiden for allowing me to prepare microfilms of the first three MSs, and am most grateful to Prof. J. W. de Jong for the loan of the fourth MS. Of the four, three MSs are of considerable value and their importance has prompted me to make their detailed description. 2. After having studied some hundred and fifty editions and MSs of compendia of aphorisms attributed to C~n.akya, I have concluded that these compendia can be divided into six versions which can be termed: 1) the V.rddha-C~n. akya, textus ornatior (or C~ .nakya-niti-darpan.a) divided into 17 adhydyas; 2) the V.rddha-Ch .nakya, textus simplicior divided into eight adhydyas; 3) the Laghu-C~.nakya, divided into eight short adhydyas (this version is often copied together with that under 2); 4) the C~.nakya-r~ja-niti-~stra, also divided into eight but long adhydyas, of which adhydyas from sixth to eighth are particularly long; this version is almost identical with the B.rhaspati Sarhhith of the Garu.da-Pur~ .na; 5) the Can. akya-s~ra-saflgraha, divided into three gatakas; and 6) the C~n.akyaniti-~stra not divided into adhydyas or datakas; the number of maxims in this version varies from 78 to 343.1 3. The four MSs in question belong to the first, second, third and fifth versions and will be described in this order.
I

4. MS Cod. Or. 8855; Lub./D 167 contains the text of the Chn.akya-nitidarpa.na. This text has been printed and reprinted many times. 5. The MS has 29 leaves of text plus the title page; size 10.5 by 24 cm. ; thick paper; recto white, verso yellow; written in black ink in devandgarf; x I had the opportunity of presenting a detailed analysis of the Various Versions of Ca.nakya's Compendiaat the XXIV International Congress of Orientalists in Munich in 1957. It will appear in a new publication entitled Ca.nakya's Various Versions of Aphorisms (with a pratika index of aphorisms attributed to Cd.nakya). An Attempt at a
Revised Analysis.

FOUR U N K N O W N C,~N.AKYA MSS

285

seven lines per page; dated 1965 of the Vikrama era (1907). On the top of the left margin of each leaf the syllables "grf-cd" (cd for Cg.nakya or C~.n~kya) are marked and the number of the leaf, and on the bottom of the right margin of each leaf the word "v.rddha" (for V.rddha-C~n.akya) is marked and the number of the leaf. 6. The title page contains the following words: atha-gr~-cd.ndkya-n~tidarpan, a prdrambhah.. The MS begins (leaf marked 1): grf-sarasvatf-devyanamat: and ends (leaf 29): iti-~rf-v.rddha-cd.nakya-nfti-darpana.h, gubham, iti 1965 vikrama-samvatsare-nepdladega-agoka-pattane-vala-gik.sgt v.rddhy-artharh-likhdpitam, ja. (Words beginning with "iti" are wlitten in different handwriting). 7. The text, as is usual for this version of C~n.akya's compendia, is divided into 17 adhydyas. Each adhydya ends: iti-prathamo, dvitfyo etc.

'dhyayat:.
8. The three introductory stanzas begin with the words: pran. amya~irasd-vi~n. urh . . . . adh~tyedari~-tathd-~astram . . . . and tad-ahath-sari~pravak.syami...~ and are the characteristic introductory stanzas of the V.rddha-C~.nakya, textus ornatior version. 9. The text is identical with the editions of the C~.nakya-niti-darpa.na (in particular with gri-C~n.akyanitidalpan.a.h prakg~aka.h; Bh~rgava pustak~laya, ggyaghftt., Bangras; br~fica-kacad.igali, Ban~ras) subject to the two following changes: stanza II.14 (kdntdviyoga.h)is missings and stanza XVII. 16 (paropakaran. a~iT) is put before stanza XVII. 15 (yadi rdmd). This type of change in the order of stanzas is not unusual to this version. 10. The MS is very beautiful and clean, with very few and unimportant variants, but since the number of MSs and editions of this particular version of Cgn.akya's compendia is large, it is of little interest to students of C~n.akya. II 11. MS. Cod. Or 8859; UB/123 contains the text of the LaghuCg.nakya as well as the text of the V.rddha-Can.akya, textussimplicior. Both texts are quite wellknown but only very few editions exist of the Laghu-C~.nakya version, and even fewer of the V.rddha-Cgn.akya, textus simplicior version. 12. The MS has 39 pages, plus the title page; size 16 by 28 era; ordinary white paper; written in black ink in derandgarf; 5 to 6 lines per page; dated sarhvat 1975 (1917 A.D.). The top of the left and the bottom of the right margins of each page are marked with numbers of pages.
z Cf. C M VL s The next stanza

(nadit~ve) is

m a r k e d 15.

286

LUDWIK STERNBACH

13. The title page reads: laghu-cdn,akya 1-19 patran, i, v.rddhi-cd.nakya 20-, although the text of the V.rddha-C~.nakya begins on page 17. 14. The MS begins: ~H-ga.neJdya-nama.h atha-laghu-cd.nakyam. Leaf 16 ends: iti laghu-cdn.akye'.st.amo'dhydyah, and on leaf 17 immediately the text of the first stanza of the V.rddha-C~.nakya, textus simplicior follows. The MS ends: iti- vrddha-cdn, akye rdja-n~ti-gastre-aLtamo'dhydya.h (sathvat 1975 vad~ 12 ganai~-ca-ravdra.h) sathvat 1975. vad~ 12 ganaii-ca-ravdra.h 25.2.21 f)yathd-d.r.sta-yathd.., tathaiva-likhitarh-mayd, gr~-yadfgvaracandren,a-vargiyenaiva-Adstri.na-~ 19.3.21 (partly illegible). 15. The first part of the text (Laghu-C~.nakya) is divided into eight adhydyas. Each adhydya ends with: iti laghu-cdn, akj,e-rdja-nfti-ddstre prathamo, dvit?yo etc. 'dhydya.h. The second part of the text is also divided into eight adhydyas. Each adhydya ends with: iti-vrddha (or vrddhi) cdt~akye raja-n?ti-~dstra prathamo, dvitiyo etc. 'dhydya.h. 16. The text of the Laghu-C~n.akya is not identical with any known text or MS of this version of C~.nakya's compendia but resembles MS 17072-5 (E) in the Universit6 de Paris, Institut de Civilisation Indienne. It contains only one new stanza (III.4) 4 and has important variants in one passage (VII.3) only. 17. The three introductory stanzas begin :pran. amya ~ahkararh devarh .... cdl.~akyena svayarh proktath . . . . and ato' rtharh pat.hyate gdstrarh . . 5; they are the introductory characteristic stanzas of the Laghu-C~ .nakya version. 18. The text compares with: ~ri-atha-.Sod.aga-C~nakya-pr~rambha.h. Bombay 1932 (pp. 1-42) (CL.S), O. Brhtlingk's Indische Spriiche, 2nd edition (IS) and E. Monseur's C~n.akya. Recension de cinq recueils de stances morales, Paris, 1887 (CM) as follows: CL$ 1.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IS or CM ~ 8 9 01 3
4

8859 1.1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IS or CM 1.8 CM 99 3291 v.l. 9 7171 10 136 II. 1 I 899 7848 3 7557 4

M II. 5 6 7 8 9 I0

IS or CM

{
m

CM 146 6573 CM 163 4000

11

IL6{ 7594 5[ 5768 7 cf. 5865 8 CM 105 7361 9 10 CM 47 CM 9

I

4 ka#.apa.sanadhatanik.rtva bhavani vegayet yatha bhaktis tatha siddhis tasya devab prasidati. This stanza is also found in
MS 17072-2 (C) in the Universitd de Paris, Institut de Civilisafion Indienne OIL 4). 5 Cf. CM IV.

FOUR UNKNOWN C.~N.AKYA MSS

287

MS 8859 III. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 IV. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

CL$

IS or CM

[ MS 8859

CL$

IS o r C M

MS 8859

CL$

IS o r C M

III. 2 3548 4 CM 2 --6 3197 7 6439(2011) 8 1974 9 1926 10 2119 11 2167 12 3754 IV. 1 6481 -6483 2 755 3 CM 75 4 CM 110 5 4796 6 1729 7 1489 8 6081 9 CM 28 10 CM 92 11 CM 131

IV. 13 IV. 12 V. 1 V. 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 11 9 9 VI. 1 VI. 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 I0 11 11 12

-

CM 67 VII. 1 VII. I 1734 1635 2 -2128 CM 128 3 2 1416v.1. 4156v.1. 4 3 1746 2819 5 -1919 CM 123 6 -2158 CM 126 7 -2143 CM 77 8 7 7088 CM 100 9 8 7569 2045 10 10 ~ 4155 CM 174 11 11 1367 CM 119 12 12 1400 377 VIII. 1 VIII. l! CM 78 6008v.1. 2 2 3057 CM 158 3 3 ! CM 143 CM 33 4 4 5956 7114 5 5 6094 6514 6 7 CM 141 6109 7 -992 CM 150 81 13 4323 CM 138 9 12 5933 CM 129

19. E q u a l l y , t h e t e x t o f the V.rddha-Can.akya, t e x t u s s i m p l i c i o r , is n o t i d e n t i c a l w i t h a n y t e x t k n o w n o r a n y M S o f this v e r s i o n o f the Cfin.akya c o m p e n d i a . It c o n t a i n s t w o n e w s t a n z a s (II.4 ~, III.27) a n d s o m e i m p o r t a n t v a r i a n t s , p a r t i c u l a r l y in II.12, IV.11, V.10, V.17, VI.13 a n d V I I . 2
adhydya

In

V I I , s t a n z a s I0, 11 a n d 12 a r e w r o n g l y m a r k e d 7, 8 a n d 9.

20. T h e t h r e e i n t r o d u c t o r y s t a n z a s are the s a m e as in t h e V.rddhaC~n.akya, t e x t u s o r n a t i o r v e r s i o n ( w i t h s o m e u n i m p o r t a n t v a r i a n t s ) , a 21. T h e text compares with Sri-atha-.So.da~a-c~n.akya-pr~rambha.h. B o m b a y 1932 (pp. 4 3 - 9 9 ) (Cv.S), a n d IS o r C M 9 as f o l l o w s :

6 sa pita yasya po~akab tan mitrarh yasya vigvasaO sa bharya yatra mirhati.h . . . (incomplete).

It is identical with IS 5847. 8 Quoted above, w 8. o For abbreviations see above w 18.

288
MS 8859

LUDWIK STERNBACH

Cv$

IS or CM

(II)
1.1 I.l 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 -11 13 12 12 13 16 14~ 14 15 16 18 17 --: 18 II. 1 II. 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 11 10 12 11 13 12 9 v.l. 10 13 14 14 15 15 IIL 1 III. 1 2 2 3 -4 5 -6 3 7

MS 8859 (I])

Cv.S

IS or CM

MS 8859

Cv~

IS or CM

(II)
VI. 3 VI. 3 5393 3564 4 4 5085 5 5 6 7 5409 6 7 1307 i 8 11 9 12 CM 147 10 I1 13 6391 12 14 115 13 [5 v.1. CM 16 14 CM 15 15 I 16 16 2621 !VII. 1 VII. 2 7212 1 5445 ~ 2 3 v.l. 4 i 3 i 4 5 eL 7004 i 5 -6767 10 3547 6 12 444 7 13 3644 8 5381 9 14 6428 10 15 1728 11 2439 12 17 2483 VIII. 1 VIII. 1 2 2 7496 1688 3 3 7606 4 5 5 6 CM 167 71 6 4 6029 7 I0 7460 8 5380 9 12 10 14 3876 5905 11 12 -1247

4911 2891 958 2627 2264 5352 3861 2405 1221 3214 5600 6227(4400) 1082(7204) CM 97 328 4640 5382 3979 3430 cf. 4687 6899 1447 4270 6523 4924 2046 4116 4800 5848 5847 5795 1418
1412

1417 CM 102

III. 8 -6461 9 III. 6 3120 IV. 1 IV. 1i CM 79 2 2 1502 3 3 2328 4 4 5743 5 5 2172 6 6 5104 7 7 7587 8 8 6269 9 9 10 10 4111 11 12 4977v.1. 12. -6841 -CM 37 13 7530 15 14 639 16. - - . CM 6 17 15 1287 18. --. 1177 V. li V.l 5963 2 2 1809 3 3 7041 4 4 4261 5 5 6950 6 6 5510 7 7 2183 8 8 4427 9 9 694 I0 10v.1. CM 34 I1 I1 583 12 13 6800 13 12 3042 14 14 6799 15 -6160 16 15 4038 17 17 v.1. 7379 18. --, 64 VI. 1 VI. 1 5860 2 2 324

111 & IV 22. MS Cod. Or. 8857, Lub/D 122 and MS of Professor J. W. de Jong (CSJ) contain the rather rare text of the C~.nakya-s~ra-safigraha version.

FOUR UNKNOWN C.~.NAKYA MSS

289

23. The MS 8857 has 42 leaves; size 12.7 by 25.5 cm; thick paper; recto white, verso yellow; written in black ink in devandgarf; 9 lines per page; no date. The MS CSJ has 43 leaves; size 11 by 23 era; thick paper; recto white, verso yellow; written in black ink in devandgar[; 9 lines per page; no date. Both MSs contain almost identical texts and a commentary. In MS 8857 the commentary is written as an introduction to the appropriate stanzas, while in CSJ the commentary follows the C~.nakya stanza. The commentaries are different. 24. CSJ is incomplete. It ends after the 303rd stanza. Six leaves marked 44 to 481~ on brown wrapping paper are added to this MS. These leaves, obviously written recently in ink and with an ordinary pen, contain stanzas, only some of which could be identified as Cg .nakya stanzas. The last leaf ends with iti-~rf Cd.nakya-niti-darpan. a (sic!). 11 25. On the top of the left margin of each leaf verso of MS 8857 the syllables "vu cd" and the number of the leaf are marked, and in the second half of the right margin of each leaf the word "guru.h'" and the number of the leaf are marked. In CSJ on the top of the left margin and on the second half of the right margin of each leaf, verso, the numbers of leaves are marked. 26. The title of MS 8857 (on the first leaf recto) reads: dH-vMdhi Cdn.ak6 (sic!)-nhi-sdra-sahgraha.h. CSJ does not contain any title. The first leaf recto is blank. 27. Both MSs begin: gr?-gan,egdya-nama.h, but in MS 8857 these words are deleted not beyond legibility. 28. Both texts are divided into three gatakas. Each gataka in MS 8857 ends: grf-cdn.ake-sdra-saligrahe prathamo, dvitfyo, etc. gatakath-sam~ptam. 1~ Each gataka in CSJ ends: iti-grf-cdnake-sdra-sarigrahe prathamo, dvitfyo, etc. gatakarh prathamo, dvitfyo etc. 'dhydye. 29. MS 8857 ends: iti-gr?-cdkd3-sdra-sahgrahe-t.rt~ya-~atakarh-sam~p tam. gubham. Few lines are then added later in different handwriting. Since CSJ is incomplete no ending is known. 30. In both MSs, out of the four introductory stanzas, the first two are identical with the first two found in the V.rddha-C~n. akya, textus ornatior versions, while the third is a variant of the third introductory stanza of the lo There are two leaves marked 48. u In aU MSs which I have studied, the so-called C~akya-sgra-safigraha MSs are never called Cfioakya-niti-darpa .ha. 1~ After the first gataka these words are deleted but are not completely illegible. is For cagake.

290

LUDWIK STERNBACH

V.rddha-C~.nakya, textus ornatior versions14; the fourth begins with the words: m~lasf~trarh pravaks.ydmi. These four introductory stanzas are found in all MSs and editions o f the C~.nakya-s~ra-sahgraha version. 31. As a rule, the texts o f C~n.akya-s~ra-sa6graha do not differ very m u c h f r o m each other. In this case also, both MSs are almost identical and correspond with the printed edition o f the Cg.nakya-s~ra-safigraha version (in Befg~li characters), viz. the Bodhi-Cdnakyam, N e w t o n Press, Calcutta, 1888 (CSBD). 15 As far as could be ascertained this is the only printed edition o f this version. MS 8857 contains five new stanzas, viz. II.56,16 I1.99,17 II. 100, is III.80,19 III.97 ;o.oCS J contains four new stanzas viz. II.56, 2~ I1.91, ~ III.8, 23 and III.99. u The variants are u n i m p o r t a n t with the exception o f those in stanzas II.59, II.88, III.12, III.76, and III.95 o f MS 8857 and in stanzas II.59, II.96, III.21, III.84 and 111.96 o f MS CSJ. 32. In MS 8857 stanza III.24 is missing, stanza 1.101 is repeated twice (I.101 and III.100) and there are two stanzas numbered III.1 I. 33. MS 8857 is very clear and well written, almost without mistakes. MS CS J is also very accurate but has two important characteristics, which are not f o u n d in MS 8857 viz. it uses often s in lieu of~ and n in lieu of.n. 34. The texts o f both MSs c o m p a r e with CSBD and IS 25 as follows: MS 8857
I. 1

CSJ
I. 1

CSBD
1

IS

MS 8857 I. 7 8 9 10 11 12

CSJ I. 7 8 9 10 11 12

CSBD 7 8 9 10 11 12

IS

2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 6

1268 6293 3042 1919

4911 1183

li 16 ca. 17 18

See above, w8. CSJ II. 84-91 are inserted afer III. 84 and III. 98-99 after HI. 6. It is identical with IS 7549~t~, y8 read: kith prayojana kartavyam arthito ni$phalani It is almost identical with IS 7466.
stulajatighoyadaramo lak$mat~aga . . . gaminab, ghanake g[yadasita tadante dubkha bhaginab

x, It is identical with IS 755.

20 vigavi vadaya dhanafa madaya Jaktib pare~arhparapf4anaya (?), kharaspasadhorviparftametata (.9)yaanaya danaya ca rak~atlaya (partly illegible).

2x It is almost identical with CSBD 156. 2~ It is identical with IS 6501. n It is identical with IS 2413.
" ss Cf. f o o t n o t e 18. F o r abbreviations

see above w167 18 and 31.

FOUR UNKNOWN C.~.N. AKYA MSS

291

MS 8857 I. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

CSJ

CSBD

IS

MS 8857 I. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 t01 II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

CSJ

CSBD

IS

I. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 6O

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

3231 6092 2826 7442 5381 6428 2328 5743 5848 5847 5790 4116 7583 2158 3397 2119 3754 2167 7058 7569 6594 5589 6391 2178 1400 4155 6461 3513 7499 1734 7574 2143 2128 6109 1416 6094 3365 7566 6269 1830 7510 999 4111 6654 1089

I. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 88 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 t00 II 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107

6841 4976 7587 1447 3876 4303 4304 5040 5158 2405 4623 639 7530 3187 cf. 2541 7503 2511 2866 7443 7606 1221 4579 3197 6464 2172 1177 7557 7468 4640 6749 7441 7538 4150 2621 779 6450 5768 1247 7019 4032 1174 3692

292

LUDWIK STERNBACH

MS 8857
II. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

CSJ

CSBD

IS

MS 8857

CSJ

CSBD

IS

II. 8 9 10 I1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3O 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 131 132 133 134 129 130 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155

4687 v.l. II. 56 1279 6013 57 7412 58 2419 59 4352 60 7428 61 7469 62 5785 63 4152 64 7453 65 114 66 1502 67 7041 68 4261 i 69 6950 70 5510 iI 71 2183 ~ 72 I 1 73 4427 694 1 74 I ! 75 76 1424 77 6319 I 78 7548 I 79 5519 80 iI, 81 II 82 2290 237 83 1599 84 7454 85 5638 i 86 7584 i 87 724 i 88 6167 89 3050 i 90 7439 i 91 7512 i 92 7117 i 93 5272 94 7086 95 4423 96 7462 1 97 7463 I 98 I 7479 I 99 1726 100 4156

7549 156 157 158 159 160 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 195 199

II. 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 92 93 94 95 96 98 97 99 100 III. 1 2 3 4 5 6 98 99 7 8

el.

101 7578 5982 6227 1606 2988 527-8 2876 7560 7589 6955

7203 1582 v.l. 4112 6862 3221 ~ 7561 5829 3336 2424 C M 139 5445 5446 5388 5366 1746 1475 1412 v.l. 1418 5382 2611 2439 6682 6025 3120 6384 7425 7466 7546 2413

200

FOUR UNKNOWN CAN. AKYA MSS

293

MS 8857
i

CSJ

CSBD

IS

'

MS 8857

CSJ

CSBD

IS

III. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 bis 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

III. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 228 227 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248

7496 1688 7495 1727 7492 4270 5508 6078 6991 7594 3644 CM 184 v.l. 216 4651 cL 4651 7435 712 6523 7524 4743 5865 6339 4882 2852 2045 7534 4924 6899 7381 7379 2850 4031 2030 6618 i ! 4964 5932 7234 5721 7460 3430 3433 3214

III. 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

III. 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 II. 84 85 86 87 88 89 9O 91 III. 85 86 87 88 89 9O 91 92 93 94 95

249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295

3291 5246

1800 7576 6160 3862 7568 1333 1246 3924 3979 1796 5577

4037 4798 5069 6121 1562 7518 1728 7377 2921 v.1. 3212 4745 6483 6481 755 4567 7493 6501 c~ 6010 6537 5026 (973) 71 7429 6358

7523 64 6498

294 MS 8857 III. 95 96 97

LUDWIK STERNBACH

CSJ III. 96 97

CSBD

IS

II 8857 Ms
100

CSJ

CSBD 298 299 300

IS

296 297

6775 v.1. UI. 98 363 99

--

III. 100 101

7581 7520 779

35. Both MSs are p r o b a b l y o f Nepalese origin, as is the case with m o s t o f the MSs containing the Ch .nakya-s~ra-sa6graha version. They are both very useful and precious, the more so as few MSs o f this particular version o f C~.nakya's aphorisms exist and a m o n g those existing most are not written in devandgarL