Immigration Procedures

4. Employment of Foreign Worker

In Malaysia, foreign workers can be employed in the manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, services and domestic help sector. Services sector consists of eleven sub sectors: (restaurant, cleaning services, cargo handling, launderette, caddy in golf club, barber, wholesale/retail, textile, metal/scraps/recycle activities, welfare homes and hotel/resort island. Only nationals from the specified countries below are allowed to work in the selected sectors:

Approved Sectors Manufacturing Plantation Agriculture Construction Services sector

Nationals of: Indonesia Cambodia Nepal Myanmar Laos Vietnam Philippines (male only) Pakistan Sri Lanka Thailand Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Kazakhstan

Services (cooks, wholesale/retail, barber, metal/scraps/ recycle, textile) Construction (fixing of high voltage cable only) Agriculture Plantation

India

Approval is based on the merits of each case and subject to conditions that will be determined from time to time. Applications to employ foreign workers will only be considered when efforts to find qualified local citizens and permanent residents have failed. An annual levy on foreign workers is imposed as follows:

Approved Sectors Manufacturing

Annual Levy

RM1,250

Construction Plantation Agricultural Domestic Help Services - Welfare Home - Island Resort - Others

RM1,250 RM 590 RM 410 RM 410 RM 600 RM 1,200 RM 1,850

All applications for foreign workers should be submitted to the One Stop Centre, Ministry of Home Affairs except for applications for foreign domestic helpers which should be submitted to Malaysias Immigration Department.

wikipedia
A foreign worker is a person who works in a country other than the one of which he or she is a citizen. Migrant workers may follow work within their own country or between countries, depending on which definition is used. Although there have been disagreements over immigration in the broader sense (the current system facilitated with green cards). Most controversy in the United States since 1990 has been in regard to "guest workers" both legal and illegal. In recent years in the United States, there has been much controversy over whether H-1B visas (a particular instance of guest worker), intended to bring highly skilled workers to fill gaps in the domestic labor pool, are instead being used to bring in skilled, but otherwise unexceptional, economic migrants as cheap labor to fill jobs that could readily be filled domestically. There is much controversy over pending legislation that would allow unskilled labor to enter the country for this same reason. On the other hand there are some skilled workers who are paid meagerly compared to their American counterparts who usually absorb the work done by these foreign workers. Once, they have the work absorbed, they are usually laid-off or isolated. A lot of these skilled laborers are abused by restrictions imposed by the immigration process. Foreign students coming into the US may also be guest workers. They may face large salary differences until obtaining their green card, since their visa is only company-specific. Moreover, they are barred from many high-profile jobs where citizenship is a prerequisite. Again, specific to the H-1B visas,countries such as India, Pakistan, and the Philippines have long experienced a brain drain of highly skilled workers to more economically stable and competitive countries like the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Portugal, Japan,South Korea, Germany, and Australia. While the absolute number of such migrs are not large, the economic implications of such very skilled workers are significant. Sometimes, citizens of countries with heavily urbanized areas have migrated to more agrarian countries in order to find jobs as farmers and such. For more on this, see migrant workers. In certain less tolerant nations, foreign workers may be abused and treated as second-class citizens by the governments and/or lack of unions to assert worker rights, although a counterargument could be made in that foreigners do not deserve to be treated as full citizens as long as they are accorded basic human rights and civil liberties. For instance, in many Asian nations, it is common for employers to withhold passports from their employees, thus preventing the foreign worker from returning home.[citation needed] In conjunction with the withholding of salaries, it is meant to put the foreign workers in very difficult situation (particularly because the laws of these countries are typically not sympathetic to foreigners in practice). In the UK, organisations such as Kalayaan protect the rights of UK migrant domestic workers. (The term "migrant domestic worker" is a standardized term, where the word "domestic" is taken to mean "within the home," rather than its more prevalent meaning of being of or belonging to a particular sovereign state.)

BEING YOUNG
Someone once said, the only thing worse than getting older was the alternative. Getting older is inevitable but it does indeed beat the alternative. Being young is definitely better than getting old. There some advantages to getting older: you can finally eat dinner at four oclock, your investment in health insurance is finally beginning to pay off, and kidnappers are not very interested in you. Other that these, the advantages of youth far outweigh the advantages of aging. Young people have better mental abilities, physical abilities, and virtually no responsibilities. The mental abilities of youth are sometimes amazing. Young people can drive a car, listen to loud music and talk on a cell phone all at the same time without killing themselves or those around them. By comparison, I've noticed that after I turned forty, I am less and less able to stay in my lane while shifting my attention to other things on the side of the road Being a teenager comes with a lot of responsibilities and expectations. You need to have regular mood swings, attention cravings and anger outbursts. Along with all that, you have to deal with peer pressure. Peer pressure is not really pressure. It is just the way some most teens put it. However it is not like that. During this growing stage, the teen wants to be in control of everything-friends, family and studies. So in order to make everything perfect they get stressed, which is put as pressure. I can understand how you might be wondering how balancing such simple things can be so stressful. But trust me, it is. In school, if you are caught talking in class by a teacher, you are commented on the same to be easily distracted. If you keep quiet, you are called an introvert and are told to be friendlier. So what is the kid supposed to do? Both ways she is at fault. At home, you have to balance your homework and time with your parents. Mostly, it is preferred that parent time be converted into alone time. But it is not well understood by the parents. So parents, you have to realize that after a hard day in school and extra-curricular your children would want to relax. The ideal ways are to either watch television, talk on the phone with their friends, or just going to sleep. Now, you would say if they can talk to friends, they can talk to you too. Have you ever realised how frustrating it can be for you child when you repeatedly ask them about school, friends, whether they have completed homework etc.? When all that the child wants to do is unwind. And if they would talk to friends, it would take worries off their shoulders for some time. Parents, I agree that along with not wanting to frustrate your child, you also want to be a part of their life. You dont want to be completely disconnected from them. You have to take time out from your schedule to spend it with them. Now youll be thinking how that is possible when youre leading such a hectic life everyday. At this moment, hopefully, you would have realised what your child feels like when you expect them to do the same. And yes, the life of a student can be as hectic or even more than that of his parents. What do most jobs have as a daily routine? Meetings, files, touring, research and presentations. What do most students have to do? Meetings (with teachers and friends), Notebooks (loads of them), going from one tuition to another, research and presentations on vast subjects, learning new things on a day to day basis. All this along with confused hormones and diverse body changes. Weighing the two routines, that of the teen is more difficult. Now you will say that a child is capable of handling all this but parents have to handle much more such as the household and in-laws. You really think so? A teenager gets more pressurised than anybody else in the house. Having a regular and secure job, you have to focus only on one subject. Whereas the child has to focus on various subjects and do equally well in all of them. Have you ever recently gone through the chemistry book of your child? No? Go ahead, do it. And see if you understand a word beyond the first chapter. Where a mature, intelligent adult has difficulty grasping the subject, what do you expect of a child half, sometimes 1/3rd, your age?

Most parents live in the illusion that things have not changed since their time. Things have tremendously changed since when you were a teenager. What you were taught in college 2nd year, we have to learn in 10th std. Gone have the times when bell-bottoms were a trend. Open your eyes. Its about time you did that. Make an effort to understand your child. Dont think that life is all rainbows and candies for them. They go through as many emotional roller coasters in a day as you do in one month. So retreat with the lectures (read nagging) and come back with the comforting smile. The best thing you can do to comfort us is just hear us out when we want to talk. Its not required that we want to hear your experiences on the same topic. Just listen to us. Its nothing much that were asking for. We realize that when you sometimes reprimand us or pressurise us, it is for our own good. However, you also have to be aware of the fact that there are two types of pressure- good and bad. Bad pressure is when your child is afraid to even relax in front of you. When youre always forcing him to study, study and study is bad pressure. Good pressure is when the child himself has the will-power to miss his favourite TV show if hes doing homework. Children do know their boundaries. They know when do draw a line. If they watch a lot of TV one weekend, or if they sleep a lot on holidays, they eventually will make an extra effort to catch up with the time theyve spent otherwise. Underestimation is the mistake most parents commit. Optimistically, your eyes have been opened wide at this point of time. Now you know the amount of responsibilities a teenager has. And you have realised what you have to do. It must be dj vu for you all at present because youve already heard the same facts from your own child, but as usual never paid attention to them. Dont you think its time you acknowledge the fact that your 13 year old can be wiser than you are? It is not the way it was in your time, when you simply accepted that your parents are god-like humans, who can never be wrong. In todays world, children are more aware and can argue about whats good and whats bad for them. You should be proud of them, their sense of responsibility and independence.After all, times are changing,with flow. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Teenager Teenage is a stage in life that everyone goes through. When people think about teenage, they think about energy, life, hope and beauty. Conversely speaking, when people think about old age, they think about illness, despair and frailty. The question then arises: What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a teenager? The answer to this question depends on the context in which it is asked. In many circumstances, teenagers can be viewed as an advantage. In the workforce, employers tend to view teenagers as an advantage. Younger workers are more energetic, more willing to commit and easier to mould. To these employers, teenagers are assets that they wish to capitalise on. They also view younger workforce as more creative and more willing to try out new things. As such, in the workforce context, teenager is definitely an advantage. Teenagers can also be an asset where learning is concerned. Everyone can learn, but when one is younger, one is more likely to pick things up faster. This is especially so when the teenagers of today are more exposed to cutting edge technology and therefore are more open to new and unfamiliar things. With this exposure, and their natural propensity to learn faster, they would find the mastery of a new skill relatively easier. However, in situations where maturity is called for, teenagers can be a stumbling block. When handling over power and responsibility, people in positions of power tend to view those who are more matured as being more trustworthy. This is especially so when the young ones are still in the process of discovering themselves, and therefore are deemed as more unstable in their handling of matters. This is evident in the real estate circles, where sellers of mega properties are more likely to trust a more matured person to handle their

transactions. At the end of the day, though whether being a teenager is an advantage or a disadvantage should not be a question at all.

VIOLENCE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN Youth Violence Youth violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence. Youth violence includes various behaviors. Some violent actssuch as bullying, slapping, or hittingcan cause more emotional harm than physical harm. Others, such as robbery and assault (with or without weapons) can lead to serious injury or even death. The ultimate goal is to stop youth violence before it starts. Several prevention strategies have been identified. Risk Factors for the Perpetration of Youth Violence Research on youth violence has increased our understanding of factors that make some populations more vulnerable to victimization and perpetration. Risk factors increase the likelihood that a young person will become violent. However, risk factors are not direct causes of youth violence; instead, risk factors contribute to youth violence (Mercy et al. 2002; DHHS 2001). Research associates the following risk factors with perpetration of youth violence (DHHS 2001; Lipsey and Derzon 1998; Resnick et al. 2004): Individual Risk Factors History of violent victimization Attention deficits, hyperactivity or learning disorders History of early aggressive behavior Involvement with drugs, alcohol or tobacco Low IQ Poor behavioral control Deficits in social cognitive or information-processing abilities High emotional distress History of treatment for emotional problems Antisocial beliefs and attitudes Exposure to violence and conflict in the family Family Risk Factors Authoritarian childrearing attitudes Harsh, lax or inconsistent disciplinary practices Low parental involvement Low emotional attachment to parents or caregivers Low parental education and income Parental substance abuse or criminality Poor family functioning Poor monitoring and supervision of children Peer/Social Risk Factors Association with delinquent peers

Involvement in gangs Social rejection by peers Lack of involvement in conventional activities Poor academic performance Low commitment to school and school failure Community Risk Factors Diminished economic opportunities High concentrations of poor residents High level of transiency High level of family disruption Low levels of community participation Socially disorganized neighborhoods Youth Violence: Prevention Strategies On this Page Effective and Promising Programs Guidelines and Planning Tools Other Resources Youth violence is a serious problem that can have lasting harmful effects on victims and their family, friends, and communities. The goal for youth violence prevention is simpleto stop youth violence from happening in the first place. But the solutions are as complex as the problem. Prevention efforts should aim to reduce factors that place youth at risk for perpetrating violence, and promote factors that protect youth at risk for violence. In addition, prevention should address all types of influences on youth violence: individual, relationship, community, and society. Effective prevention strategies are necessary to promote awareness about youth violence and to foster the commitment to social change. Youth violence preventionone of the oldest fields in violencecontinues to advance rapidly. Many prevention tools have been developed and implemented; many of these prevention programs and strategies have been evaluated, and found to be effective at preventing violence and related behaviors among youth. Such evidence-based programs have shown positive effects in rigorous evaluations.

Peer pressure
Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, orbehaviors to conform to group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are "formally" members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups. They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they would not wish to associate, and thus they behave adversely concerning that group's behaviors. [citation needed] Peer pressure is most commonly associated with youth, in part because most youth spend large amounts of time in schools and other fixed groups that they do not choose and are seen as lacking the maturity to handle pressure from friends. Also, young people are more willing to behave negatively towards those who are not members of their own peer groups. [citation needed] Peer pressure can also have positive effects when people are pressured toward positive behavior, such as volunteering for charity or excelling in academics or athletics, by their peers. This is most

commonly seen in youths who are active in sports or other extracurricular activities where conformity with one's peer group is strongest.[c Risk behavior[edit] While socially accepted kids often have the most opportunities and the most positive experiences, research shows that being in the popular crowd may also be a risk factor for mild to moderate deviant behavior.[citation needed] Popular adolescents are the most socialized into their peer groups and thus are vulnerable to peer pressures, such as behaviors usually reserved for those of a greater maturity and understanding. Socially accepted kids are often accepted for the sheer fact that they conform well to the norms of teen culture, good and bad aspects included. Popular adolescents are more strongly associated with their peer groups' likes such asalcohol, tobacco and drugs. Some studies also show that many popular students also make lower grades than less socially accepted kids. This is possibly due to the fact that popular students may spend more time worrying about their social life rather than studying. Although there are a few risk factors correlated with popularity, deviant behavior is often only mild to moderate. Regardless, social acceptance provides more overall protective factors than risk factors. [1] TYPES OF PEER PRESSURE Positive Peer Pressure - When someone urges you to do something that is good for you. Friendly Peer Pressure - When someone who is your friend tries to get you to do something you may or may not want to do. Indirect/Tempting - When someone tries to persuade or convince you to do something you do not want to do. Teasing - When someone makes fun of you to try to get you to do something you do not want to do. Heavy Peer Pressure/ Bullying - When someone threatens you, physically or verbally, in an attempt to get you to do something you do not want to do. The effects of peer pressure have been a problem since the beginning of time, throughout history peer pressure has lead to bullying, murder, hate, judgment and persecution. Youth peer pressure is found to be a huge issue frequently, because of the need to fit into a particular social group or circle. Being that peers are the people you spend most of your time with, generally in children and teens they are usually in the same age group, with adults it more of a common interests. It is found that most people that fall prey to peer pressure have a lack of self esteem and confidence, this makes them easy prey for others to manipulate and influence. The negative effects of peer pressure can lead to dangerous habits like smoking, drinking, drugs or criminal behavior. There is also positive peer pressure with youth, in situations like a study groups, sports and other positive activities peer pressure can lead to one excelling.

The causes of peer pressure can be difficult to pinpoint when observing a social group. Peer
pressure is sometimes caused by the vulnerability of a certain class or age of person. Teens are most likely to be vulnerable to this type of pressure. Other causes include a great desire to be loved or respect that forces a person to change their personal habits and personality. The viewing of this change can cause other people to pressure that person.

Modern inventions
I think that modern inventions make people lazy beacuse they make everything easier. The car, for instance, allows people to travel long distances without having any physical strain on their body. The television is something that people sit in front of for hours on end until they have made an imprint of their butt on their couch and 7 hours a day of channel 35 is second nature. The fact that people can now watch TV shows in high definition and record, pause, rewind, or fast forward through their favorite programs isn't helping. Video games also play a large part in laziness. For some people, video games can be just as addictive as drugs. I recently dealt with a customer at Gamestop that sold every single one of his games, and mentioned selling some of his articles of clothing, just so he could pay for his subscription to World of Warcraft. People have adapted to making the simple things simpler, and forms of entertainment such as participation in sports seems far fetched to many. But modern technology also shares the blame with work. People have little free time in recent years because most of us spend most that time working. Such a dedication for the next paycheck brings more work home. when the work is finished, the only thing people want to do is lazily relax. Fast food restaurants are used more frequently to fit into a busy schedule, and exercise is a painful thought for many who just returned home from a long day. With the advent of industralisation and modern technology, people's living standards have been promoted to a new level. People's life has become more convinient and advanced due to the introduction of different modern inventions such as Internet, public transport, globalisation and so on. However, it causes negative effects at the same time. From my perspective, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Modern inventions have brought about more benefits than we expected. Firstly, internet enables people to have access to abundant resources and it has been widely used in different aspects such as education. For instance, every student has different intellectual capacity. Therefore intellient students maybe tied to a slow advance in their study due to others' incapacity of understanding. In this way, students could progress in their aquisition of knowledge at their own pace using computer rather than learning from teachers. Secondly, public transport has made people's daily life very convinient. Compared with the old time while people took days to travel from one place to another, it only takes few hours for people to reach their destination by public transport. Thirdly, globalisation is now playing a pivotal role in the development of economy and technology. It not only promotes culture exchange between different countries, but also enables people worldwide get to know each other better. On the other hand, environment has been negatively affected as a result of the excessive exploration of natural rescources. Air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution in industrial process and so on is deteriorating our planet on a daily basis. In addition to that, people are now living a sedentary lifestyle due to the convinient public transport and use of internet. They do not have to take one step outside their room to get everything done by computer. Consequently, they will get heart diseases, obesity that is commonly seen nowdays. Moreoever, culture assimilation

MASS MEDIA
The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place varies.

Broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and televisiontransmit their information electronically. Print media use a physical object such as a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics, [1] to distribute their information. Outdoor media is a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting.[2] Public speaking and event organising can also be considered as forms of mass media.[3] The digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media provides many mass media services, such asemail, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have a presence on the web, by such things as having TV ads that link to a website, or distributing a QR Code in print or outdoor media to direct a mobile user to a website. In this way, they can utilise the easy accessibility that the Internet has, and the outreach that Internet affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. The organizations that control these technologies, such as television stations or publishing companies, are also known as the mass media. [4][5][need quotation to verify] Purposes A panel in the Newseum in Washington, D.C., shows the September 12 headlines in America and around the world Mass media encompasses much more than just news, although it is sometimes misunderstood in this way. It can be used for various purposes:

Advocacy, both for business and social concerns. This can include advertising,marketing, propaganda, public relations, and political communication. Entertainment, traditionally through performances of acting, music, sports, and TV shows along with light reading; since the late 20th century also through video and computer games. Public service announcements and emergency alerts (that can be used as political device to communicate propaganda to the public).

Definition of Mass Media Mass media consists of the various means by which information reaches large numbers of people, such as television, radio, movies, newspapers, and the Internet. Sociologists study mass media especially to see how it shapes people's values, beliefs, perceptions, and behavior. For example, mass media contributes to socialization, including gender socialization, as when movies implicitly teach young people that it is wrong for females to have many sexual partners. Mass media also affects social movements; for example, news coverage of the U.S.-Vietnam War helped spark the 1960s anti-war movement. Another topic is the relation between media and social power. For example, if mass media powerfully influences beliefs and behavior, and it is controlled by relatively few individuals, those individuals have significant power even in democratic societies.

Mass Media and Its Importance. Media is one of the most useful essence of human life. We speak of mass media, of media revolution and of living in a media society. We are overloaded with all these letters, sounds and films, pixels, headlines, jingles. When we use the term media in this context we speak of print and electronic media, the so called mass media. Media affect our modern life in nearly every way.

With a turn of a magazine page or an easy flip of the TV channel there at our disposal is a huge array of potential identity replicas. In contemporary society, identity is continuously unstable; it must be selected, constructed and created with reference to inevitable surrounding media traditions. There are a variety of mediums from which people can pick and access information from such as radio, TV, Internet, or even cell phones. Consequently, the media holds a very powerful capacity to set a social issue for mass audience to assume and talk about. Often, media do not intentionally set the agenda and resolve the pros and cons of that particular matter, so it repeatedly causes terrible consequences towards public as well as establishes moral panics, which can sometimes direct to mob violence. This writing will argue that identity is a social construction, managed primarily by the contemporary media and created in relation. An individuals identity is formed by society in which media plays a predominant role. There is a daily interactive relationship between the subject and the object, that is, human agents and the conditions of their subsistence, respectively. Theories of the individual emphasize on differences between people and deem these differences as natural. Individuals are constituted as the possessors of positions throughout the effects of social relations. Alternatively, other theories of the topic concentrate on peoples general experiences in society through watching TV, surfing the internet or reading the newspaper. It is these general experiences that are the most significant way of distinguishing who we are. Thus, subject identity is a social construction, not an ordinary one. When we connect with the media, we act and are acted upon, use and are used by the system. The following text deals with the importance of media to politics and society. Main work of media is to inform the people. This relates to our form of government: In a democracy the demos should know what goes on in the world as it is the one, that decides. A modern democracy cannot work without the media which are an agent between public and state, the Latin word medius describes a status in the middle and that is exactly where we can find media: between two entities of communication. You could counter that nor the ancient Greeks for example needed the media in their democracy, and it was a really excellent type of democracy, when we look at its structure. Something like that is unimaginable for modern polity. Since we cannot organize a meeting between 50 million people to inform them orally, we need an instrument, the media. That is the precondition for political participation of the people. Information as a main task of media sounds easy but in my opinion it is not that simple at all. Information is always a balancing act between objectivity and subjectivity. On the one hand media have to inform about all important happenings and keep the information as neutral as possible. On the other hand media should also be a platform for groups and organizations that are not mainstream. It should control and criticize not only political parties but also society. Concerning this control function it is important to have a variety of media horizontal and vertical, both different types of media such as TV and newspapers and different providers of information. Due to the control function we call media the forth force in a contemporary democracy. Media have also an economic side. The German TV system consists of public and private stations. In my opinion it is necessary to have both, for both have advantages and disadvantages. Private TV stations can decide freely what they want to present. As they live on advertisement fees and earn the more the higher their ratings are, a market arises. That has the inescapable consequence of a reign of markets rules: We are talking about the law of supply and demand. To reach good ratings private TV stations broadcast what people want, some problems can result from this point: There is the danger of delivering stereotypes or superficiality and indifference in general, TV becomes a dumping machine, as some people claim. Infotainment instead of information, politainment instead of policy. Besides there are public TV stations, and the main difference is that they are not really free, their program is created under a certain standard and the directors are from different groups such as political parties or labour unions. But then they do not have to look on ratings and can really achieve medias aim of political education. We need both, public TV stations not to become too superficial, and private ones to be aware of a state TV monopoly which might exist in dictatorships for example, a historic example is the Third Reich, where the Nazis most important propaganda machine was the Rundfunk,

controlled by propaganda minister Goebbels in person; a contemporary example could be the situation in Tibet, where both internal and external media have no permission to film and no access at all respectively. Not for nothing one of the basic principles of democracy is freedom of press. Media have two further important tasks: entertainment and creating topics of conversation. It sounds sarcastic but this is a main reason why people for example watch TV: to be able to have conversations with lots of people, even if they have no other similar hobbies. Furthermore it raises your status if you are informed, to be subscriber. Sociologists warn against a so called knowledge gap. This means that a gap develops between people who are informed and take part in cultural and perhaps intellectual life and people who are not. Perhaps you could compare this knowledge gap to the often recited poverty gap. Mass media have big influence on our all day life, whether we want it or not. They set trends and spread them, they influence our way of thinking in an enormous way and they have a long arm in political issues. These characteristics are more positive than negative as long as some conditions are fulfilled: first a wide diversity of media, second no oligopolies/monopolies and of course freedom of press, third fulfillment of medias main tasks information, political education and control. In former times politicians made policy and the media reported on it. Today media makes policy and the politicians put it into execution. In this manner mass media has many needs and importance too in peoples daily life: Mass media has become an integral part of our lives and can not be separated from our life. Particularly for the urban people, the need for information is more important than ever. Our values and way of life in the society in this information era are strongly influenced by the mass media like newspapers, TV, radio, video, and the internet. Mass medias influence on peoples lives is even greater and deeper than many kinds of state indoctrination or priests sermons from the pulpit in the church .The full range of unfiltered media is now available to most of us by using a parabola and satellite transmission. We can buy many kinds of videos freely. Access to the internet is easy and inexpensive almost everywhere. We can find many kinds of information using the internet technology..It is worth remembering that there have been three important revolutions in recent history, i.e. agrarian revolution in farming, industry revolution in mass production and information revolution that provides global access. We are now in the midst of the information revolution. Due to continuing developments in media technology, we are flooded by a huge volume of non-stop information. Most of this information comes to us without a filter or censor. The information can be positive and negative. It is important for all, and particularly teenagers, to be able to look critically at the information and the sources and make positive choices. Having a critical attitude means that we can distinguish between positive and negative information and make choices that will give us information that will benefit us and our society. Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is right or wrong. Even though media is linked with spreading fake news like a fire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform us about the realities as well. The seven mass media in order of their introduction are: 1. Print (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, etc.) from the late 15th century 2. Recordings (gramophone records, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs, DVDs) from the late 19th century 3. Cinema from about 1900 4. Radio from about 1910 5. Television from about 1950 6. Internet from about 1990

7. Mobile phones from about 2000

Each mass medium has its own content types, its own creative artists and technicians, and its own business model. The sixth and seventh media, internet and mobile, are often called collectively as digital media; and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as broadcast media.