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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Show-Hong Duh, PhD, DABCC, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Janine Denis Cook, PhD, Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Reference range values are for apparently healthy people and often overlap significantly with values for those who are sick. Actual values may vary significantly due to differences in assay methodologies and standardization. Institutions may also set up their own reference ranges based on the particular populations that they serve, thus regional differences may occur. Consequently, values reported by individual laboratories may differ from those listed in this appendix. All values are given in conventional and SI units. However, cases where SI units have not been widely accepted, conventional units are used. In case of the heterogenous nature of the materials measured or uncertainty about the exact molecular weight of the compounds, SI measurements cannot be used so that mass per volume remains as the unit of concentration. Abbreviations: ACD, acid-citrate-dextrose; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CHF, congestive heart failure; Cit, citrate; Cl, chlorine; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; cyclic AMP, adenosine 3,5-cyclic phosphate; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Hb, hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Hep, heparin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MB, myoglobin; NaCit, sodium citrate; NAPA, N-acetylprocainomide; Ox, oxalate; RBC, red blood cell(s); RIA, radioimmunoassay; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell(s) References:
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. eds. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3rd ed. Philadelphia; WB Saunders, 1998. Childrens Hospital, St. Louis, The Department of Clinical Laboratories, High Density Lipoprotein Lipid Panel: Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL (calculated), Cholesterol, Total, Triglycerides, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Available at http://webserver01.bjc.org/slch/pro/Professional.htm?http://webserver01.bjc.org/labtestguide/Lab%20Test%20Guidebook/slchlabsiteoutline.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004. Clinical chemistry laboratory: Reference range values in clinical chemistry. Professional services manual. Baltimore, Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical System, 1999. Harmening DM, ed. Hematologic values in chemical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1992. Laboratory Corporation of America, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Westergren. Available at http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/he005000.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004. Laboratory Corporation of America. Fecal Fat. Quantitative. Available at http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc008000.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004. National cholesterol education program: Report of the expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:36-69. Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease. National Institute of Health Consensus Statement, NIH Consensus Development Conference, 1992;10(2). University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio. Neonatal Bilirubin. Available at http://labs-sec.uhs-sa.com/clinical_ext/dols/soprefrange.aps. Accessed April 20, 2004. University of Texas Medical Branch. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Wintrobe. Available at http://www.utmb.edu/lsg/LabSurvivalGuide/hem/Sedimentation_Rate.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004. University of Virginia Childrens Medical Center. Therapy Review: Warfarin (Coumadin). Pediatric Pharmacotherapy. January 1995;1(5):386. Available at http://www.people.virginia.edu/~smb4v/cmchome.html. Accessed April 20, 2004. Wafarin Therapy in Children Who Require Long-Term Total Parenteral Nutrition. Pediatrics [electronic article]. November 2003;112(5):386. Available at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e386. Accessed April 20, 2004.

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

APP 97

Acetaminophen, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) Therapeutic Toxic Acetone Serum Qualitative Quantitative Urine Qualitative Acid hemolysis test (Ham) Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), plasma 8 AM Midnight (supine) *Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), serum Male Female Albumin Serum Adult >60 y

1030 mcg/mL >200 mcg/mL

66199 mcmol/L >1324 mcmol/L

Negative 0.32.0 mg/dL Negative <5% lysis

Negative 0.050.34 mmol/L Negative <0.05 lysed fraction

<120 pg/mL <10 pg/mL

<26 pmol/L <2.2 pmol/L

1340 U/L (37C) 1028 U/L (37C)

0.220.68 mckat/L (37C) 0.170.48 mckat/L (37C)

3.55.2 g/dL 3.24.6 g/dL Avg. of 0.3 g/dL higher in patients in upright position Negative 5080 mg/24 h 1030 mg/dL 1.07.5 U/L (30C)

3552 g/L 3246 g/L Avg. of 3 g/L higher in patients in upright position Negative 5080 mg/24 h 100300 mg/L 0.020.13 mckat/L (30C)

Urine Qualitative Quantitative CSF *Aldolase, serum Aldosterone Serum Supine Standing Urine Amikacin, serum or plasma (EDTA) Therapeutic Peak Trough Less severe infection Life-threatening infection Toxic Peak Trough -Aminolevulinic acid, urine Amitriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) Therapeutic Toxic Ammonia Plasma (Hep) *Amylase Serum Urine Amylase:creatinine clearance ratio

316 ng/dL 730 ng/dL 319 mcg/24 h

0.080.44 nmol/L 0.190.83 nmol/L 851 nmol/24 h

2535 mcg/mL 14 mcg/mL 48 mcg/mL >3540 mcg/mL >1015 mcg/mL 1.37.0 mg/24 h

4360 mcmol/L 1.76.8 mcmol/L 6.813.7 mcmol/L >6068 mcmol/L >1726 mcmol/L 1053 mcmol/24 h

80250 ng/mL >500 ng/mL 933 mcmol/L 27131 U/L 117 U/h 14%

289903 nmol/L >1805 nmol/L 933 mcmol/L 0.462.23 mckat/L 0.017-0.29 mckat/h 0.010.04

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Conventional Units Units SI Units SI Units

Androstenedione, serum Male Female Anion gap (Na [Cl + HCO3]]) ([Na + K] [Cl + HCO3]) 1-Antitrypsin, serum Apolipoprotein A-1 Male Female Apolipoprotein B Male Female Arsenic Whole blood (Hep) Chronic poisoning Acute poisoning Urine, 24 h Ascorbic acid, plasma (Ox, Hep, EDTA) *Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), serum Base excess, blood (Hep) Bicarbonate, serum (venous) *Bilirubin Bilirubin, direct Birthdeath Bilirubin, total Birth1 day 12 days 25 days 5 daysdeath Total bilirubin, neonatal Birth1 day 12 days 25 days 5 days1 month 1 monthdeath Bone marrow, differential cell count Adult Undifferentiated cells Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocytes Neutrophilic Eosinophilic Basophilic Metamyeolocytes and bands Neutrophilic Eosinophilic Basophilic Segmented neutrophils Pronormoblast Basophilic normoblast Polychromatophilic normoblast Orthochromatic normoblast Lymphocytes Plasma cells Monocytes CA-125, serum CA 15-3, serum

75205 ng/dL 85275 ng/dL 716 mEq/L 1020 mEq/L 78200 mg/dL 94178 mg/dL 101199 mg/dL 63133 mg/dL 60126 mg/dL 0.22.3 mcg/dL 1050 mcg/dL 60930 mcg/dL 550 mcg/d 0.41.5 mg/dL 1059 U/L (37C) 2 to +3 mEq/L 2229 mEq/L

2.67.2 nmol/L 3.09.6 nmol/L 716 mmol/L 1020 mmol/L 0.782.00 g/L 0.941.78 g/L 1.011.99 g/L 0.631.33 g/L 0.601.26 g/L 0.030.31 mcmol/L 1.336.65 mcmol/L 7.98124 mcmol/L 0.070.67 mcmol/d 2385 mcmol/L 0.171.00 -2 to +3 kat/L (37C) 2 to +3 mmol/L 2229 mmol/L

0.00.4 mg/dL 1.06.0 mg/dL 6.07.5 mg/dL 4.013.5 mg/dL 0.21.2 mg/dL 1.06.0 mg/dL 6.07.5 mg/dL 4.013.5 mg/dL 0.01.8 mg/dL 0.01.8 mg/dL

01% 02% 0-4% 520% 03% 01% 535% 05% 01% 515% 01.5% 05% 530% 510% 1020% 02% 05% <35 U/mL <30 U/mL

00.01 00.02 00.04 0.050.20 00.03 00.01 0.050.35 00.05 00.01 0.050.15 00.015 00.05 0.050.30 0.050.10 0.100.20 00.02 00.05 <35 kU/L <30 kU/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. Bilirubin data Source: https://labs-sec.uhs-sa.com/clinical_ext/dols/soprefrange.asp

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

APP 99

CA 19-9, serum Cadmium, whole blood (Hep) Toxic Cadmium, urine, 24 h Calcitonin, serum or plasma Male Female Calcium, serum Calcium, ionized, serum Calcium, urine Low calcium diet Usual diet; trough Carbamazepine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), trough Therapeutic Toxic Carbon dioxide, total, serum/ plasma (Hep) Carbon dioxide (PCO2), blood, arterial Carbon monoxide as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), whole blood (EDTA) Nonsmokers Smokers 12 packs/d >2 packs/d Toxic Lethal Carotene, serum Catecholamines, plasma (EDTA) Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine Catecholamines, urine Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine CEA, serum Nonsmokers *Cell counts, adult Erythrocytes Male Female Leukocytes Total Differential Myelocytes Neutrophils Band Segmented Lymphocytes Monocytes Granulocytes Eosinophils Basophils Platelets (continued )

<37 U/mL 0.10.5 mcg/dL 10300 mcg/dL <15 mcg/d 100 pg/mL 30 pg/mL 8.610.0 mg/dL (Slightly higher in children) 4.645.28 mg/dL 50150 mg/24 h 100300 mg/24 h

<37 kU/L 8.944.5 nmol/L 0.8926.70 mcmol/L <0.13 mcmol/d 100 ng/L 30 ng/L 2.152.50 mmol/L (Slightly higher in children) 1.161.32 mmol/L 1.253.75 mmol/24 h 2.507.50 mmol/24 h

412 mcg/mL >15 mcg/mL 2228 mmol/L Male 3548 mmHg Female 3245 mmHg

1751 mcmol/L >63 mcmol/L 2228 mmol/L 4.666.38 kPa 4.265.99 kPa

0.51.5% total Hb 45% total Hb 89% total Hb >20% total Hb >50% total Hb 1085 mcg/dL

0.0050.015 HbCO fraction 0.040.05 HbCO fraction 0.080.09 HbCO fraction >0.20 HbCO fraction >0.5 HbCO fraction 0.191.58 mcmol/L

< 30 pg/mL <140 pg/mL <1700 pg/mL 65400 mcg/24 h 020 mcg/24 h 1580 mcg/24 h <5.0 ng/mL

<196 pmol/L <764 pmol/L <10,047 pmol/L 4252610 nmol/24 h 0109 nmol/24 h 89473 nmol/24 h <5.0 mcg/L

4.76.1 106/mcL 4.25.4 106/mcL 4.810.8 103/mcL Percentage Absolute 0 0/mcL 35 5462 20.551.1 1.79.3 42.275.2 150400/mcL 30005800/mcL 1.23.4 x 103/mcL 0.110.59 x 103/mcL 1.46.5 x 103/mcL 00.7 x 103/mcL 00.2 x 103/mcL 3 130400 x 10 /mcL

4.76.1 1012/L 4.25.4 1012/L 4.810.8 106/L Absolute (SI) 0/L 150400 106/L 30005800 106/L 1.23.4 109/L 0.110.59 109/L 1.46.5 109/L 00.7 109/L 00.2 109/L 130400 109/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Units SI Units

*Cell counts, adult (continued from previous page) Reticulocytes 0.51.5% RBCs 24,00084,000/mcL Cells, CSF 010 lymphocytes/mm3 0 RBC/mm3 Ceruloplasmin, serum 2060 mg/dL Chloramphenicol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic 1025 mcg/mL Toxic >25 mcg/mL Chloride Serum or plasma (Hep) 98107 mmol/L Sweat Normal 535 mmol/L Cystic fibrosis 60200 mmol/L Urine, 24 h (vary greatly with Cl intake) Infant 210 mmol/24 h Child 1540 mmol/24 h Adult 110250 mmol/24 h CSF 118132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L higher than serum) Cholesterol, serum Adult desirable <200 mg/dL borderline 200239 mg/dL high-risk 240 mg/dL *Cholinesterase, serum 4.911.9 U/mL Dibucaine inhibition 7984% Fluoride inhibition 5864% *Chorionic gonadotropin, intact Serum or plasma (EDTA) Male and nonpregnant <5.0 mIU/mL female Pregnant female Varies with gestational age Urine, qualitative Male and nonpregnant Negative female Pregnant female Positive Clonazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough 1560 ng/mL Therapeutic >80 ng/mL Toxic Coagulation tests 80120% of normal Antithrombin III (synthetic substrate) 06 min Bleeding time (Duke) 16 min Bleeding time (Ivy) 2.39.5 min Bleeding time (template) 50100% in 2 h Clot retraction, qualitative 515 min (glass tubes) Coagulation time (Lee1960 min (siliconized tubes) White) No hemolysis Cold hemolysin test (DonathLandsteiner) Complement components 75160 U/mL Total hemolytic complement activity, plasma (EDTA) (continued) *Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

0.0050.015 of RBCs 2484 109/L 0-10 lymphocytes/mm3 0 RBC/mm3 0.20.6 g/L

3177 mcmol/L >77 mcmol/L 98107 mmol/L 535 mmol/L 60200 mmol/L

210 mmol/24h 1540 mmol/24h 110250 mmol/24 h 118132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L higher than serum) <5.2 mmol/L 5.26.2 mmol/L 6.2 mmol/L 4.911.9 kU/L 0.790.84 0.580.64

<5.0 IU/L

Negative Positive

48190 nmol/L >254 nmol/L 0.81.2 of normal 06 min 16 min 2.39.5 min 0.51.0/2 h 515 min (glass tubes) 1960 min (siliconized tubes) No hemolysis

75160 kU/L

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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Tests Conventional Units Conventional Units SI SI Units Units

APP 101

Complement components (continued from Total complement decay rate (functional), plasma (EDTA) C1q, serum C1r, serum C1s(C1 esterase), serum C2, serum C3, serum C4, serum C5, serum C6, serum C7, serum C8, serum C9, serum Coombs test Direct Indirect Copper Serum Male Female Urine Corpuscular values of erythrocytes (values are for adults; in children, values vary with age) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

previous page) 1020% Deficiency: >50% 14.922.1 mg/dL 2.510.0 mg/dL 5.010.0 mg/dL 1.63.6 mg/dL 90180 mg/dL 1040 mg/dL 5.511.3 mg/dL 17.923.9 mg/dL 2.77.4 mg/dL 4.910.6 mg/dL 3.39.5 mg/dL Negative Negative

Fraction decay rate: 0.100.20 >0.50 149221 mg/L 25100 mg/L 50100 mg/L 1636 mg/L 0.91.8 g/L 0.1-0.4 g/L 55113 mg/L 179239 mg/L 2774 mg/L 49106 mg/L 3395 mg/L Negative Negative

70140 mcg/dL 80155 mcg/dL 335 mcg/24 h

1122 mcmol/L 1324 mcmol/L 0.050.55 mcmol/24 h

2731 pg 3337 g/dL Male 8094 mcm3 Female 8199 mcm3

0.420.48 fmol 330370 g/L 8094 fL 8199 fL

Cortisol, serum Plasma (Hep, EDTA, Ox) 8 AM 523 mcg/dL 4 PM 316 mcg/dL 10 PM <50% of 8 AM value <50 mcg/24 h Free, urine *Creatine kinase (CK), serum 15105 U/L (30C) Male Female 1080 U/L (30C) Note: Strenuous exercise or intramuscular injections may elevate transient CK levels. *Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, 07 ng/mL serum *Creatinine Serum or plasma, adult Male 0.71.3 mg/dL Female 0.61.1 mg/dL Urine Male 1426 mg/kg body weight/24 h Female 1120 mg/kg body weight/24 h *Creatinine clearance, serum or plasma and urine Male 94140 mL/min/1.73 m2 Female 72110 mL/min/1.73 m2 Cryoglobulins, serum 0 **Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. Test values dependent on patients race.

138635 nmol/L 83441 nmol/L <0.5 of 8 AM value <138 mmol/24 h 0.261.79 mckat/L (30C) 0.171.36 mckat/L (30C) 07 mcg/L

62115 mcmol/L 5397 mcmol/L 124230 mcmol/kg body weight/24 h 97177 mcmol/kg body weight/24 h

0.911.35 mL/s/m2 0.691.06 mL/s/m2 0

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Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Units SI Units

Cyanide Serum Nonsmokers Smokers Nitroprusside therapy Toxic Whole blood (Ox) Nonsmokers Smokers Nitroprusside therapy Toxic Cyclic AMP Plasma (EDTA) Male Female Urine, 24 h

0.004 mg/L 0.006 mg/L 0.010.06 mg/L >0.1 mg/L 0.016 mg/L 0.041 mg/L 0.050.5 mg/L >1 mg/L

0.15 mcmol/L 0.23 mcmol/L 0.382.30 mcmol/L >3.84 mcmol/L 0.61 mcmol/L 1.57 mcmol/L 1.9219.20 mcmol/L >38.40 mcmol/L

Cystine or cysteine, urine, qualitative *C-Peptide, serum 0.781.89 ng/mL C-Reactive protein, serum <0.5 mg/dL * Cyclosporine, whole blood Therapeutic, trough 100200 ng/mL Dehydroepiandrostereone (DHEA), serum Male 1801250 ng/dL Female 130980 ng/dL Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) serum or plasma (Hep, EDTA) Male 59452 mcg/mL Female Premenopausal 12379 mcg/mL Postmenopausal 30260 mcg/mL Desipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) Therapeutic 75300 ng/mL Toxic >400 ng/mL Diazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic 1001000 ng/mL Toxic >5000 ng/mL Digitoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 7.8 h after dose Therapeutic 2035 ng/mL Toxic >45 ng/mL Digoxin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 12 h after dose Therapeutic CHF 0.81.5 ng/mL Arrhythmias 1.52.0 ng/mL Toxic Adult >2.5 ng/mL Child >3.0 ng/mL *Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. Actual therapeutic range should be adjusted for individual patient.

4.68.6 ng/mL 4.37.6 ng/mL 0.33.6 mg/d or 0.292.1 mg/g creatinine Negative

1426 nmol/L 1323 nmol/L 1.010.9 mcmol/d or 100723 mcmol/mol creatinine Negative 0.260.62 nmol/L <5 mg/L 83166 nmol/L

6.243.3 nmol/L 4.534.0 nmol/L

1.612.2 mcmol/L 0.810.2 mcmol/L 0.87.1 mcmol/L

2811125 nmol/L >1500 nmol/L

0.353.51 mcmol/L >17.55 mcmol/L

2646 nmol/L >59 nmol/L

1.01.9 nmol/L 1.92.6 nmol/L >3.2 nmol/L >3.8 nmol/L

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

APP 103

Disopyramide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic arrhythmias Atrial Ventricular Toxic Doxepin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) Therapeutic Toxic *Estradiol, serum Adult Male Female Ethanol (alcohol), whole blood (Ox) or serum Depression of CNS Fatalities reported Ethosuximide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Euglobin lysis -Fetoprotein (AFP), serum Fat, fecal, F, 72 h Infant, breast-fed Pediatrics (06 y) Adult Adult (fat-free diet) Fatty acids, total, serum Nonesterified, serum Ferritin, serum Male Female Ferritin values of <20 ng/mL (20 mcg/L) Fibrin degradation products *Fibrinogen, plasma (NaCit) Fluoride Plasma (Hep) Urine Urine, occupational exposure *Folate, Serum RBCs Erythrocytes *Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), serum and plasma (Hep) Male Female Follicular phase (continued)

2.83.2 mcg/mL 3.37.5 mcg/mL >7 mcg/mL

8.39.4 mcmol/L 9.722 mcmol/L >20.7 mcmol/L

150250 ng/mL >500 ng/mL

537895 nmol/L >1790 nmol/L

1050 pg/mL Varies with menstrual cycle

37-184 pmol/L

>100 mg/dL >400 mg/dL

>21.7 mmol/L >86.8 mmol/L

40100 mcg/mL >150 mcg/mL No lysis in 2 h <15 ng/mL <1 g/d <2 g/d <7 g/d <4 g/d 190240 mg/dL 825 mg/dL

283708 mcmol/L >1062 mcmol/L No lysis in 2 h <15 mcg/L

715 mmol/L 0.280.89 mmol/L

20150 ng/mL 20250 mcg/L 10120 ng/mL 10120 mcg/L have been reported to be generally associated with depleted iron stores. <10 mcg/mL <10 mg/L 200400 mg/dL 24 g/L 0.010.2 mcg/mL 0.23.2 mcg/mL <8 mcg/mL 320 ng/mL 140628 ng/mL RBC 0.510.5 mcmol/L 10.5168 mcmol/L <421 mcmol/L 745 nmol/L 3171422 nmol/L RBC

1.415.4 mIU/mL 110 mIU/mL

1.415.4 IU/L 110 IU/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. Reference values vary from laboratory to laboratory, but are generally found within the range of 57 g/d. It should be noted that children, especially infants, cannot ingest the 100 g/d of fat that is suggested for the test. Therefore, a fat retention coefficient is determined by measuring the difference between ingested fat and fecal fat, and expressing that difference as a percentage. The figure, called the fat retention coefficient, is 95% or greater in healthy children and adults. A low value indicates steatorrhea. http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc008000.htm Fatty acids include a mixture of different aliphatic acids of varying molecular weight; a mean molecular weight of 284 daltons has been assumed.

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Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Conventional Units Units SI SI Units Units

Follicle-stimulating hormone (continued from previous page) Mid-cycle 617 mIU/mL Luteal phase 19 mIU/mL Postmenopausal 19100 mIU/mL *Free thyroxine index (FTI), serum 4.213 Gastrin, serum <100 pg/mL Gentamicin, serum or plasma (EDTA) Therapeutic Peak Less severe infection 58 mcg/mL Severe infection 810 mcg/mL Trough Less severe infection <1 mcg/mL Moderate infection <2 mcg/mL Severe infection <24 mcg/mL Toxic Peak >1012 mcg/mL Trough >24 mcg/mL Glucose (fasting) Blood 6595 mg/dL Plasma or serum 74106 mg/dL Glucose, 2 h postprandial, <120 mg/dL serum Glucose, urine Quantitative <500 mg/24 h Qualitative Negative Glucose, CSF 4070 mg/dL *Glucose-6-phosphate 12.1 2.1 U/g Hb (SD) dehydrogenase 351 60.6 U/1012 RBC in erythrocytes, 4.11 0.71 U/mL RBC whole blood (ACD, EDTA, or Hep) -Glutamyltransfersae serum Males 230 U/L (37C) Females 124 U/L (37C) Glutethimide, serum Therapeutic 26 mcg/mL Toxic >5 mcg/mL Glycated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin 4.2% 5.9% A1c), whole blood (EDTA) Growth hormone, serum Male <5 ng/mL Female <10 ng/mL Haptoglobin, serum 30200 mg/dL HDL-lipid panel Cholesterol, HDL >40 mg/dL Cholesterol, LDL (calculated) optimal <100 mg/dL near optimal 100129 mg/dL borderline high 130159 mg/dL high >160 mg/dL Cholesterol, total 01 year 50120 mg/dL 12 years 70190 mg/dL 216 years 120220 mg/dL >16 years 0199 mg/dL desirable <200 mg/dL (continued) *Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

617 IU/L 19 IU/L 19100 IU/L 4.213 <100 ng/L

10.416.7 mcmol 16.720.9 mcmol/L <2.1 mcmol/L <4.2 mcmol/L <4.28.4 mcmol/L >2125 mcmol/L >4.28.4 mcmol/L 3.55.3 mmol/L 4.15.9 mmol/L <6.7 mmol/L

<2.8 mmol/24 h Negative 2.23.9 mmol/L 0.78 0.13 mU/mol Hb 0.35 0.06 nU/RBC 4.11 0.71 kU/L RBC

0.030.51 mckat/L (37C) 0.020.41 mckat/L (37C) 928 mcmol/L >23 mcmol/L 0.0420.059

<5 mcg/L <10 mcg/L 0.32.0 g/L

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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

APP 105

HDL-Lipid Panel (continued) borderline high Tryglycerides desirable borderline high high Hematocrit Males Females Newborn Children (varies with age) Hemoglobin (Hb) Males Females Newborn Children (varies with age) Hemoglobin, fetal Hemoglobin, plasma Hemoglobin and myoglobin, urine, qualitative Hemoglobin electrophoresis, whole blood (EDTA, Cit, or Hep) HbA HbA2 HbF Homogentisic acid, urine, qualitative -Hydroxybutyric acid, serum, plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Urine Males Females 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, urine Qualitative Quantitative Imipramine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) Therapeutic Toxic Immunoglobulins, serum IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE Immunoglobulin G (IgC), CSF Insulin, plasma (fasting) *Iron, serum Males Females Iron binding capacity, serum, total (TIBC)

200239 mg/dL >240 mg/dL <150 mg/dL 150199 mg/dL >200 mg/dL 4252% 3747% 5365% 3043% 14.018.0 g/dL 12.016.0 g/dL 17.023.0 g/dL 11.216.5 g/dL 1 y old: <2% of total Hb <3 mg/dL Negative 0.420.52 0.370.47 0.530.65 0.300.43 2.172.79 mmol/L 1.862.48 mmol/L 2.643.57 mmol/L 1.742.56 mmol/L 1 y old: <0.02% of total Hb <0.47 mcmol/L Negative

>95% 1.53.7% <2% Negative 0.212.81 mg/dL

>0.95 Hb fraction 0.0150.037 Hb fraction <0.02 Hb fraction Negative 20270 mcmol/L

310 mg/24 h 28 mg/24 h

8.327.6 mcmol/24 h (as cortisol) 5.522 mcmol/24 h (as cortisol)

Negative 27 mg/24 h

Negative 10.436.6 mcmol/24 h

150250 ng/mL >500 ng/mL 7001600 mg/dL 70400 mg/dL 40230 mg/dL 08 mg/dL 3423 IU/mL 0.56.1 mg/dL 225 mcU/mL 65175 mcg/dL 50170 mcg/dL 250425 mcg/dL

536893 nmol/L >1785 nmol/L 716 g/L 0.74.0 g/L 0.42.3 g/L 080 mg/L 3423 kIU/L 0.56.1 g/L 13174 pmol/L 11.631.3 mcmol/L 9.030.4 mcmol/L 44.871.6 mcmol/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. If the triglyceride value is >400 mg/dL, the LDL calculation is invalid. http://webserver01.bjc.org/slch/pro/Professional.htm?http://webserver01.bjc.org/labtestguide/Lab%20Test%20Guidebook/slchlabsiteoneline.htm

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Tests Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Conventional Units Units SI SI Units Units

Iron saturation, serum Male Female 17-Ketosteroids, urine Males Females

L-Lactate

2050% 1550% 1025 mg/24 h 614 mg/24 h (decreases with age)

0.20.5 0.150.5 3887 mcmol/24 h 2152 mcmol/24 h (decreases with age)

Plasma (NaF) Venous Arterial Whole blood (Hep), at bed rest Venous Arterial Urine, 24 h CSF *Lactate dehydrogenase Total (LP), 37C, serum Newborn Neonate Infant Child Adult >60 y *Isoenzymes, serum by agarose gel electrophoresis Fraction 1 Fraction 2 Fraction 3 Fraction 4 Fraction 5 *Lactate dehydrogenase, CSF LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum or plasma (EDTA) Adult desirable borderline high risk Lead, Whole blood (Hep) Urine, 24 h Lecithin-sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio, amniotic fluid Lidocaine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 45 min after bolus dose Therapeutic Toxic CNS, cardiovascular depression Seizures, obtundation, decreased cardiac output *Lipase, serum Lithium, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); 12 h after last dose Therapeutic Toxic Lorazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), therapeutic

4.519.8 mg/dL 4.514.4 mg/dL 8.115.3 mg/dL <11.3 mg/dL 4961982 mg/d 1022 mg/dL

0.52.2 mmol/L 0.51.6 mmol/L 0.91.7 mmol/L <1.3 mmol/L 5.522 mmol/d 1.12.4 mmol/L

290775 U/L 5452000 U/L 180430 U/L 110295 U/L 100190 U/L 110210 U/L

4.913.2 mckat/L 9.334 mckat/L 3.17.3 mckat/L 1.95 mckat/L 1.73.2 mckat/L 1.93.6 mckat/L

1426% of total 2939% of total 2026% of total 816% of total 616% of total 10% of serum value

0.140.26 fraction of total 0.290.39 fraction of total 0.200.26 fraction of total 0.080.16 fraction of total 0.060.16 fraction of total 0.10 fraction of serum value

<130 mg/dL 130159 mg/dL 160 mg/dL <25 mcg/dL <80 mcg/d 2.05.0 indicates probable fetal lung maturity; 3.5 in diabetic patients

<.2 mmol/L 3.374.12 mmol/L 4.13 mmol/L <0.48 mcmol/L <0.39 mcmol/d 2.0-5.0 indicates probable fetal lung maturity; >3.5 in diabetic patients

1.56.0 mcg/mL 68 mcg/mL >8 mcg/mL

6.426 mcmol/L 2634.2 mcmol/L >34.2 mcmol/L

23300 U/L (37C)

0.395.1 mckat/L (37C)

0.61.2 mEq/L >2 mEq/L

0.61.2 mmol/L >2 mmol/L

50240 ng/mL

156746 nmol/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

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*Luteinizing hormone (LH), serum or plasma (Hep) Male Female Follicular phase Mid-cycle peak Luteal phase Postmenopausal Magnesium Serum Urine Mercury Whole blood (EDTA) Urine, 24 h Toxic Metanephrines, total, urine Methemoglobin (hemoglobin), whole blood (EDTA, Hep or ACD) Methotrexate, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) Therapeutic Toxic 12 wk after low dose therapy post IV infusion 24 h 48 h 72 h Myelin basic protein, CSF Myoglobin, serum Nortriptyline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough (12 h after dose) Therapeutic Toxic *5-Nucleotidase, serum N-Acetylprocainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Occult blood, feces, random Qualitative, urine, random Osmolality Serum Urine Ratio, urine:serum Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes Oxazepam, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA), therapeutic

1.247.8 mIU/mL 1.6815.0 21.956.6 0.6116.3 14.252.5 mIU/mL mIU/mL mIU/mL mIU/mL

1.247.8 IU/L 1.6815.0 21.956.6 0.6116.3 14.252.3 IU/L IU/L IU/L IU/L

1.32.1 mEq/L 1.62.6 mg/dL 6.010.0 mEq/24 h 0.659 mcg/L <20 mcg/d >150 mcg/d 0.11.6 mg/24 h 0.060.24 g/dL or 0.78 0.37% of total Hb (SD)

0.651.07 mmol/L 1626 mg/L 3.05.0 mmol/24 h <0.29 mcmol/L <0.1 mcmol/d >0.75 mcmol/d 0.58.1 mcmol/24 h 9.337.2 mcmol/L or mass fraction of total Hb: 0.008 0.0037 (SD)

Variable 0.02 mcmol/L 5 mcmol/L 0.5 mcmol/L 0.05 mcmol/L <2.5 ng/mL <85 ng/mL

Variable 0.02 mcmol/L 5 mcmol/L 0.5 mcmol/L 0.05 mcmol/L <2.5 mcg/L <85 mcg/L

50150 ng/mL >500 ng/mL 217 U/L

190570 nmol/L >1900 nmol/L 0.0340.29 mckat/L

530 mcg/mL >40 mcg/mL Negative (<2 mL blood/150 g stool/d) Negative 275295 mOsm/kg serum water 501200 mOsm/kg water 1.03.0 3.04.7 after 12 h fluid restriction Begins in 0.450.39% NaCl Complete in 0.330.30% NaCl 0.21.4 mcg/mL

18108 mcmol/L >144 mcmol/L Negative (<13.3 mL blood/kg stool/d) Negative 275295 mmol/kg serum water 501200 mmol/kg water 1.03.0 3.04.7 after 12 h fluid restriction Begins in 7767 mmol/L NaCl Complete in 5651 mmol/L NaCl 0.704.9 mcmol/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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APP 108
Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Units SI Units

Oxygen, blood Capacity Content Arterial Venous Saturation Arterial and capillary Venous Tension pO2 arterial and capillary Venous P50, blood Partial thromboplastin time activated (APTT) Pentobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Hypnotic Therapeutic coma Toxic pH Blood, arterial Urine Phenacetin, plasma (EDTA) Therapeutic Toxic Phenobarbital, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Slowness, ataxia, nystagmus Coma with reflexes Coma without reflexes Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) excretion, urine

1624 vol% (varies with hemoglobin) 1523 vol% 1016 vol% 9598% of capacity 6085% of capacity 83108 mmHg 3545 mmHg 2529 mmHg (adjusted to pH 7.4) <35 sec

7.1410.7 mmol/L (varies with hemoglobin) 6.6910.3 mmol/L 4.467.14 mmol/L 0.950.98 of capacity 0.600.85 of capacity 11.114.4 kPa 4.66.0 kPa 3.333.86 kPa <35 sec

15 mcg/mL 2050 mcg/mL >10 mcg/mL 7.357.45 4.68.0 (depends on diet) 130 mcg/mL 50250 mcg/mL

422 mcmol/L 88221 mcmol/L >44 mcmol/L 7.357.45 Same 6167 mcmol/L 2791395 mcmol/L

1540 mcg/mL 3580 mcg/mL 65117 mcg/mL >100 mcg/mL 2851% in 15 min 1324% in 30 min 917% in 60 min 310% in 2 h (After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) 0.81.8 mg/dL

65172 mcmol/L 151345 mcmol/L 280504 mcmol/L >430 mcmol/L 0.280.51 in 15 min 0.130.24 in 30 min 0.090.17 in 60 min 0.030.10 in 2 h (After injection of 1 mL PSP intravenously) 48109 mcmol/L

Phenylalanine, serum Phenytoin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic *Phosphatase, acid, prostatic, serum radioimmunoassay *Phosphatase, alkaline, total, serum Phosphate, inorganic, serum Adults Children Phosphatidylglycerol, amniotic fluid Fetal lung immaturity Fetal lung maturity Phospholipids, serum Phosphorus, urine Porphobilinogen, urine Qualitative Quantitative

1020 mcg/mL >20 mcg/mL <3.0 ng/mL 38126 U/L (37C)

4079 mcmol/L >79 mcmol/L <3.0 mcg/L 0.652.14 mckat/L

2.74.5 mg/dL 4.55.5 mg/dL absent present 125275 mg/dL 0.41.3 g/24 h Negative <2.0 mg/24 h

0.871.45 mmol/L 1.451.78 mmol/L absent present 1.252.75 g/L 12.942 mmol/24 h Negative <9 mcmol/24 h

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

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Porphyrins, urine Coproporphyrin Uroporphyrin Potassium, plasma (Hep) Males Females Potassium Serum Premature Cord 48 h Newborn, cord Newborn Infant Child Adult Urine, 24 h CSF

34230 mcg/24 h 2752 mcg/24 h 3.54.5 mEq/L 3.44.4 mEq/L

52351 nmol/24 h 3263 nmol/24 h 3.54.5 mmol/L 3.44.4 mmol/L

Prealbumin (transthyretin), serum Primidone, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Procainamide, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic (also consider effect of metabolite, i.e., NAPA) *Progesterone, serum Adult Male Female Follicular phase Luteal phase Pregnancy *Prolactin, serum Males Females Propoxyphene, plasma (EDTA) Therapeutic Toxic Propranolol, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic *Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum Male *Protein, serum Total Albumin Globulin 1 2 Urine Qualitative Quantitative CSF, total

5.010.2 mEq/L 3.06.0 mEq/L 5.612.0 mEq/L 3.75.9 mEq/L 4.15.3 mEq/L 3.44.7 mEq/L 3.55.1 mEq/L 25125 mEq/d, varies with diet 70% of plasma level or 2.53.2 mEq/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality 1040 mg/dL

5.010.2 mmol/L 3.06.0 mmol/L 5.612.0 mmol/L 3.75.9 mmol/L 4.15.3 mmol/L 3.44.7 mmol/L 3.55.1 mmol/L 25125 mmol/d; varies with diet 0.70 of plasma level or 2.53.2 mmol/L; rises with plasma hyperosmolality 100400 mg/L

512 mcg/mL >15 mcg/mL

2355 mcmol/L >69 mcmol/L

410 mcg/mL >1012 mcg/mL

1742 mcmol/L 4251 mcmol/L

1397 ng/dL 1570 ng/dL 2002500 ng/dL Varies with gestational week 2.515.0 ng/mL 2.519.0 ng/mL 0.10.4 mcg/mL >0.5 mcg/mL

0.43.1 nmol/L 0.52.2 nmol/L 6.479.5 nmol/L

2.515.0 mcg/L 2.519.0 mcg/L 0.31.2 mcmol/L >1.5 mcmol/L

50100 ng/mL

193386 nmol/L

<4.0 ng/mL 6.48.3 g/dL 3.95.1 g/dL 0.20.4 0.40.8 0.51.0 0.61.3 g/dL g/dL g/dL g/dL

<4.0 mcg/L 6483 g/L 3951 g/L 24 g/L 48 g/L 510 g/L 613 g/L Negative Same 80320 mg/dL

Negative 5080 mg/24 h (at rest) 832 mg/dL

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Units SI Units

Prothrombin consumption Prothrombin time-international normalized INR: birth6 mo INR: 6 moadult Protoporphyrin, total, WB Pyruvate, blood Quinidine, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Salicylates, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic #Sedimentation rate, erythrocyte Westergren Male: 050 y Male: >50 y Female: 050 y Female: >50 y Wintrobe Males Females Critical value Sodium Serum or plasma (Hep) Premature Cord 48 h Newborn, cord Newborn Infant Child Adult Urine, 24 h Sweat Normal Cystic fibrosis Specific gravity, urine *Testosterone, serum Male Female Pregnancy Postmenopausal

>20 sec ratio (see NOTES below) 1.01.6 0.91.2 <60 mcg/dL 0.30.9 mg/dL

>20 sec

<600 mcg/L 34103 mcmol/L

25 mcg/mL >6 mcg/mL

615 mcmol/L >18 mcmol/L

150300 mcg/mL >500 mcg/mL

1.092.17 mmol/L 3.62 mmol/L

015 020 020 030

mm/h mm/h mm/h mm/h

<10 mm/h <20 mm/h >75 mm/h

116140 mEq/L 128148 mEq/L 126166 mEq/L 133146 mEq/L 139146 mEq/L 138145 mEq/L 136145 mEq/L 40220 mEq/d (diet dependent) 1040 mEq/L 70190 mEq/L 1.0021.030 2801100 ng/dL 1570 ng/dL 34 normal 835 ng/dL

116140 mmol/L 128148 mmol/L 126166 mmol/L 133146 mmol/L 139146 mmol/L 138145 mmol/L 136145 mmol/L 40220 mmol/d (diet dependent) 1040 mmol/L 70190 mmol/L 1.0021.030 0.5238.17 nmol/L 0.522.43 nmol/L 34 x normal 0.281.22 nmol/L

INR=[(Patient PT)/(Normal PT)] *ISI where ISI is the international sensitivity index, a value provided by the reagent manufacturer. target therapeutic range (international normalized ratio) of 2.03.0. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e386 The American College of Chest Physicians has recommended a therapeutic INR range for adults of 2.03.0, except in patients with mechanical cardiac valves who should have an INR of 2.53.5. 1target INR range of 2.63.8 for children with heart disease and a slightly lower range of 2.13.3 for treating children with established venous thrombosis. Clinicians at Torontos Hospital for Sick Children used an INR range of 2.03.0 initially but later found that a lower target of 1.31.8 was as effective and resulted in no bleeding complications. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/pharma-news/jan95.pdf NOTE: The recommended therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolisms and pulmonary embolisms in an INR of 2.5 with a range between 2.03.0, and children with mechanical prosthetic heart valves have a recommended therapeutic INR range of 3.0 INR range between 2.53.5. Evaluate at that time. http://www.warfarinfo.com/pediatrics.htm *Test values dependent on laboratory methods used. # http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/he005000.htm; http://www.utmb.edu/lsg/LabSurvivalGuide/hem/Sedimentation_Rate.htm

NOTE: NOTE: NOTE:

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Tests Conventional Units SI Units

APP 111

Theophylline, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) Therapeutic Bronchodilator Prem. apnea Toxic Thiocyanate Serum or plasma (EDTA) Nonsmoker Smoker Therapeutic after nitroprusside infusion Urine Nonsmoker Smoker Thiopental, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Hypnotic Coma Anesthesia Toxic concentration *Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum Thyroxine serum

820 mcg/mL 613 mcg/mL >20 mcg/mL

44111 mcmol/L 3372 mcmol/L >110 mcmol/L

14 mcg/mL 312 mcg/mL 629 mcg/mL

1769 mcmol/L 52206 mcmol/L 103499 mcmol/L

14 mg/d 717 mg/d

1769 mcmol/d 120292 mcmol/d

1.05.0 mcg/mL 30100 mcg/mL 7130 mcg/mL >10 mcg/mL 0.44.2 mcU/mL 512 mcg/dL (varies with age, higher in children and pregnant women) 0.82.7 ng/dL 1.23.0 mg/dL

4.120.7 mcmol/L 124413 mcmol/L 29536 mcmol/L >41 mcmol/L 0.44.2 mU/L 65155 nmol/L (vaires with age, higher in children and pregnant women) 10.335 pmol/L 1230 mg/L

*Thyroxine, free, serum Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), serum Tobramycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA) Therapeutic Peak Less severe infection Severe infection Trough Less severe infection Moderate infection Severe infection Toxic Peak Trough Transferrin, serum Newborn Adult >60 yr Triglycerides, serum, fasting Desirable Borderline high Hypertriglyceridemia *Triiodothyronine, total (T3) serum *Troponin-I, cardiac, serum Troponin-T, cardiac, serum Urea nitrogen, serum Urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio, serum *Uric acid Serum, enzymatic Male Female (continued)

58 mcg/mL 810 mcg/mL <1 mcg/mL <2 mcg/mL <24 mcg/mL >1012 mcg/mL >24 mcg/mL 130275 mg/dL 212360 mg/dL 190375 mg/dL <250 mg/dL 250500 mg/dL >500 mg/dL 100-200 ng/dL undetectable undetectable 620 mg/dL 12:1 to 20:1

1117 mcmol/L 1721 mcmol/L <2 mcmol/L <4 mcmol/L <49 mcmol/L >2126 mcmol/L >49 mcmol/L 1.302.75 g/L 2.123.60 g/L 1.93.75 g/L <2.83 mmol/L 2.835.67 mmol/L >5.65 mmol/L 1.54-3.8 nmol/L undetectable undetectable 2.17.1 mmol urea/L 4880 urea:creatinine mole ratio

4.58.0 mg/dL 2.56.2 mg/dL

0.270.47 mmol/L 0.150.37 mmol/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

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Tests

LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Conventional Units SI Units

Uric Acid (continued) Child Urine Urobilinogen, urine Valproic acid, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); trough Therapeutic Toxic Vancomycin, serum or plasma (Hep or EDTA); Therapeutic Peak Trough Toxic Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), urine (4-hydroxy-3methoxymandelic acid) Viscosity, serum Vitamin A, serum Vitamin B12, serum Vitamin E, serum Normal Therapeutic Zinc, serum

2.05.5 mg/dL 250750 mg/24 h (with normal diet) 0.10.8 Ehrlich unit/2 h 0.54.0 Eu/d

0.120.32 mmol/L 1.484.43 mmol/24 h (with normal diet) 0.1-0.8 Eu/2h 0.54.0 Eu/d

50100 mcg/mL >100 mcg/mL

347693 mcmol/L >693 mcmol/L

2040 mcg/mL 510 mcg/mL >80100 mcg/mL 1.46.5 mg/24 h

1428 mcmol/L 37 mcmol/L >5569 mcmol/L 733 mcmol/d

1.001.24 cP 3080 mcg/dL 110800 pg/mL 518 mcg/mL 3050 mcg/mL 70120 mcg/dL

1.001.24 cP 1.052.8 mcmol/L 81590 pmol/L 1242 mcmol/L 69.6116 mcmol/L 10.718.4 mcmol/L

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.