Mathematics

Afterschoool – developing change makers

CENTRE FOR SOCIAL
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PGPSE PROGRAMME – OPEN FOR ALL
FREE FOR ALL

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

 Mathematics
Dr. T.K. Jain.
AFTERSCHOOOL
Centre for social entrepreneurship
Bikaner
M: 9414430763
tkjainbkn@yahoo.co.in
www.afterschool.tk
www.afterschoool.tk

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

The total cost curve of the number of
copies photograph is linear. The
total cost of 5 and 18 copies of
photographs are Rs. 80 & 116
respectively. What will be the cost of
100 copies?
 X = variable cost, y = fixed cost
 5x +y = 80; 18x+y = 116 (subtract 1st from 2nd);
13x = 36 or X = 36/13.
 5*36/13 +y = 80; Y = 80 – 13.85
 Y = 66.15.
 For 100 copies: 36/13*100 +66.15
 =276+66.15 =343 approx.
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
A firm produces 50 units of a product
for Rs. 320 and 80 units for 380.
Considering cost curve to be straight
line, the cost fo 110 units will be ?

 See their difference = 30 units for cost of

60 Rs. (380-320) = thus 60/30 = 2 is
variable cost. 50x+y =320; 80x+y =
380
 Fixed cost is 320-(50*2) = 220.

 Cost of 110 items: 110*2 + 220

 =440 Rs. Only.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Sum of 2 numbers is 45 and their
mean proportion is 18. numbers are?
 Otpions:

 15,30 b. 32,13, c. 36 , 9 d. 25, 20

 Solve by options

 X+y = 45; xy = 18*18 = 324

 Thus answer is C. (36*9 = 324).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Hypotenuse of right angle triangle is
20 and difference between their
sides is 4. sides are ?
 11&15, b. 12 , 16 c. 20&24 d. 24&28
 According to pythogorus rule square of
hypoteneuse is equal to sum of squares
of two sides.
 X –y = 4; x^2 +Y^2 = 400 (square of 20)
 Solve by options:
 Answer is B: (square of 12) 144+ (square
of 16) 256 = 400.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Divide 50 into 2 parts so that
sum of their reciprocals is 1/12.
 Options: 24,26 b. 28,22, c, 10, 40 d.
20,30
 X+y = 50; 1/x +1/y = 1/12

 Solve by options:

 Answer is D: 1/20 +1/30 =50/600 = 1/12

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Two squares have sides P & P+5.
sum of their squares is 625. the
sides of squares are:

Options: 10,30 b. 12,25, c, 15,20, d. 10,15

x-y = 5; x^2 +y^2 = 625
Solve by options: for C : 20-15 = 5
400+225 = 625 (answer is C).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Five times of a positive whole
number is 3 less than twice the
square of the number. The number is
 Options: a. 8, b. 7, c. -3, d.3

 5x+3 = 2 *x^2
 Solve by options by putting values in X.

 Answer is 3 as 15+3 = 2*9 answer.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

The sum of 2 numbers is 8 & sum of
their squares is 34. what are the
numbers?
 Options: 1. 7,10 b. 4,4 c. 3,5 and d 2,6
 Solve by options:

 X+y = 8, x^2 +y^2 = 34.

 Try with option C.

 3+5 = 8

 9+25 = 34 answer.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Area of rectangle is 2000 and its
perimeter is 180. finds its length and
breadth?
 2(X +Y ) = 180 or X+Y =90
 X * y = 2000

 X & Y will be 50 & 40 respectively.

Answer.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Sides of an equilateral triangle are
reduced by 12,13,14, now right angle
triangle is formed. What was length
of equilateral triangle?

 Options: 17,16,15, 18.

 Try with 17, we get 5,4,3,

 We know that 3^2 + 4^2 = 5^2 (which is

essential condition for right angle triangle
– as per pythogorus rule).
 Thus answer is 17.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Who are the main users of
accouning information?
 Customers, employeees, lenders
 Government, public, investors, suppliers
and creditors.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What are basis of accouning?
 Cash basis of accounting
 Accrual basis of accounting

 (generally accrual basis of acounting is

followed).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What are essential characteristics of
accounting statements?
 They should be comparable
 They should be reliable

 They should give true and fair view of the

company
 They should be understandable

 They should be relevant.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define asset?
A resoruce controlled by company –
which will give a stream of earnings in
the future. The resource may be physical
or non- physical resource. It must have a
measurable cost / value.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define liability?
 Present obligation of the company
arising out of past events – which will
result in outflow of resources emboding
economic benefits.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define current assets and
current liability?
 Assets and liability which will change in
next business cycle or in next one year
are called current assets and current
liability.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define equity?
 Residual interest in the assets of a
company – after deducting all liability is
called equity. It is the excess of assets
over liability.
 Equity = Assets – liability.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define income?
 Increase in economic benefits during an
accounting period is called income.
 Income = revenue + gain

 Revenue = income from ordinary

business activities (selling)
 Gain = other income (like income from
interest).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Define Expense?
 Expense is decrease in economic benefit
during an accounting period.
 It may be outflow of money or depletion
of assets or incurrence of liability.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Your financial profit is Rs. 125000 as
per your statement – what is true
profit– with the following
information.
 Cost of Asset of Rs. 25000 has been taken
as expense.
 Salary payable Rs. 7000 – ignored
 Purchased assets for 75000 – market value
Rs. 85000. Recorded at market value.
 Expected profit of Rs. 10000 has been taken
into account (Rs. 10000 has not yet been
realised – because it will be there when car
is sold – which will take some time).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What is the mistake in accounting in
previous question and what should
be done?
 We have failed to use historical and
accrual concepts of accounting – so we
should follow these principles.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Answer:
 125000

 Add:

 25000 (assets shown as expense)

 Subtract:

 7000, (salary)

 10000 (unrealised income)

 = 133000 (answer)

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What is profit & stock as per the
following transactions:
 1-4-7 purchased 10 units @50
 2-4-7 purchased 10 units @ 70

 3-4-7 sold 6 units @ 65

 4-4-7 sold 9 units @ 65

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Solution ..
 Cost : (we can use only FIFO or Weighted
average method, LIFO is not permitted as
per AS2)
 10*50 +10*70 = 1200
 Selling price = 65*15= 975
 Inventory = 350 (As per FIFO)300 (As per
weighted average method).
 Profit = (975+350)-1200 (fifo) = 125
 Or (975+300) -1200 = 75

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Solution continued ..
 Calculation of inventory:
 Total = 20 – used 15 = inventory of 5
 Under FIFO, the left out goods are those
which have been purchased last. Thus their
rate is 70 per unit
 5*70 =350.
 In case of weighted average, we shall
calculate their average cost: 1200/20= 60
per unit. 5*60 = 300

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

You have sold an assets of Rs. 50000
at a profit of Rs. 10000. how much
amount will you show in your cash
flow statement under cash from
operating activities?
 NIL

 (in in cash from operating activities – we

mention only regular sale. Sale of assets
is not part of regular sale).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

You have set up a plant in notified
backward area. You have got a
subsidy of Rs. 1 crore from
government. Where will you transfer
it?
 You will transfer it to capital reserve
account.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What is capital reserve?
 It includes following:
 Profits before incorporation
 Profit from sale of fixed assets
 Profit not available for distribution
 Profit on reissue of forfeited shares
 Premiums received on debentures etc.
 (share premium is not capital reserve)
 (Share premium and capital redemptin
reserve accounts are separate.)

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

You have made investment of Rs.
500000. their market price is now
Rs. 400000. At what price will you
record them in balance sheet?
 Rs. 500000 (at cost itself). (if you do
revaluation – you may show it at 400000,
after preparing revaluation account).

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

You have found that your goodwill is
worth Rs 400000. How much will you
record in balance sheet?
 Nil– internally generated goodwill is
generally not recorded.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What are final accounts of a
company?
 Balance sheet and P& L account
 (as per section 210 of company act and
as per schedule VI

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Which are statutory books?
 Register of investments – sec. 49
 Register of mortgages and charges – sec
143
 Register of members and index – sec. 150
 Debenture holders – sec. 152
 Minute book – sec193
 Contracts etc. sec. 301
 Directors & Directors’s shareholding – sec.
303 & 307
 Investment in securities other companies

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What is annual return?
 Every company has to prepare in 60
days (from AGM) annual return and
submit in prescribed proforma to the
registrar. (part I & II of schedule V) and
sec. 149.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

What is maximum remuneration
to directors?
 5% of profit – if one director only
 10% of profit - if two whole time
directors
 11% of profit – if 2 whole time directors,
1 part time director and one manager.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

4a +7b = 17 & 4a-2b=21, what is
a&b?
 Let us subtract II equation from I. 4a gets
cancelled. We get 9B = -4 or b = -4/9
 Let us put this value in I equation, we
get: 4a – 28/9 =17 or 4a =17+28/9
 4a = 181/9

 A = 181/9 *1/4

 =181/36 answer.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

 ABO UT A FTERSCH OOO L
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE (after
class 12th along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18 month PGPSE
(Post Graduate Programme in Social Entrepreneurship)
along with preparation for CS / CFP / CFA /CMA / FRM. This
course is also available online also. It also conducts
workshops on social entrepreneurship in schools and
colleges all over India – start social entrepreneurship club in
your institution today with the help from afterschoool and help
us in developing society.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Why such a programme?
 To promote people to take up entrepreneurship
and help develop the society
 To enable people to take up franchising and
other such options to start a business / social
development project
 To enable people to take up social
development as their mission
 To enable people to promote spirituality and
positive thinking in the world

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Who are our supporters?
 Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries,
entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs
are supporting us.
 You can also support us – not
necessarily by money – but by being
promotor of our concept and our ideas.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

About AFTERSCHOOOL PGPSE – the best
programme for developing great entrepreneurs

 Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme

 Available in distance learning mode
 Case study focused- latest cases
 Industry oriented practical curriculum
 Designed to make you entrepreneurs – not just
an employee
 Option to take up part time job – so earn while
you learn
 The only absolutely free course on internet
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Workshops from
AFTERSCHOOOL
 IIF, Delhi
 CIPS, Jaipur
 ICSI Hyderabad Branch
 Gyan Vihar, Jaipur
 Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur
 Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur
 Xavier Institute of Management,
Bhubaneshwar
 Pacific Institute, Udaipur
 Engineering College, Hyderabad

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Flexible Specialisations:
 Spiritualising business and society
 Rural development and transformation
 HRD and Education, Social Development
 NGO and voluntary work
 Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion
 Retail sector, BPO, KPO
 Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)
 Hospital management and Health care
 Hospitality sector and culture and heritage
 Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social
relevance

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Salient features:
 The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)
 No publicity and low profile course
 For those who want to achieve success in life – not just a
degree
 Indepth knowledge and expertise
 Professional approac: World class approach
 Strong intellectual and business capabilities
 Flexible – you may stay for a month and continue the rest of
the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend
classes
 Scholarships for those from poor economic background
 Latest and constantly changing curriculum – keeping pace
with the time
 Placement for those who are interested
 Admissions open throughout the year
 Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
material
Components
 Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB
Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)
 Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development
 Essential softwares for business
 Business plan, Research projects
 Participation in conferences / seminars
 Workshops on leadership, team building etc.
 Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers
 Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs
 Editing of journals / newsletters
 Consultancy / research projects
 Assignments, communication skill workshops
 Participation in conferences and seminars
 Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng
 Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Pedagogy
 Case analysis,
 Articles from Harvard Business Review
 Quiz, seminars, workshops, games,
 Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits
 Presentations, Latest audio-visuals
 Group discussions and group projects
 Periodic self assessment
 Mentoring and counselling
 Study exchange programme (with institutions out of India)
 Rural development / Social welfare projects

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Branches
 AFTERSCHOOOL will shortly open its
branches in important cities in India
including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon
and other important cities.
Afterschooolians will be responsible for
managing and developing these
branches – and for promoting social
entrepreneurs.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Case Studies
 We want to write case studies on social
entrepreneurs, first generation
entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs.
Please help us in this process. Help us
to be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that
we may develop entrepreneurs.

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

Basic values at afterschoool
 Share to learn more
 Interact to develop yourself
 Fear is your worst enemy
 Make mistakes to learn
 Study & discuss in a group
 Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support
and help
 Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how
& where?
 Embrace change – and compete with yourself
only
www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
www.afterschoool.tk
social entrepreneurship for better
society

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHOOOL MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS