Invertebrates

Diversity of Animals Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata

Diversity of Animals A. Origin of Animals B. Characteristics C. Classification

A. Origin of Animals 1. Animals are believed to have evolved from colonial protozoans called choanoflagellates

B. Characteristics 1. Eukaryotic 2. Multicellular 3. Heterotrophic 4. Lack Cell Walls 5. Diploid

C. Classification 1. Sponges (Porifera) 2. Stinging Celled (Cnidaria) 3. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) 4. Roundworms (Nematoda) 5. Soft Bodied (Mollusca) 6. Segmented Worms (Annelida) 7. Jointed Leg (Arthropoda) 8. Spiny Skin (Echinodermata) 9. Vertebrates (Chordata)

Porifera A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 9,000 known species of sponges

B. Characteristics 1. Resemble a porous tube with many incurrent opennings (ostia) one excurrent opening (osculum) 2. Lack true tissue 3. Body consists of two layers of cells 4. Reproduce sexually (monecious) or by budding (some freshwater species produce internal buds called gemmules)

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of porifera

D. Habitat 1. Adults are sessile- anchored to the ocean floor 2. Feed on filtered particles (bacteria) 3. Larvae swim with flagella

a. outer: protection b. inner: collar cells c. between: amoebocytes in jelly-like material

B. Characteristics 1. Resemble a tube with one opening 2. Lack true tissue 3. Body consists of two layers of cells

a. calcarea- calcium carbonate spicules b. demospongia- spongin fibers c. hexactinellida- calcium carbonate & silica spicules

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of porifera

Cnidaria A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 9,000 known species of stinging celled animals (formerly coelenterata)

B. Characteristics 1. True tissues 2. Radial symmetry 3. Use tentacles with stinging cells to capture prey 4. Food is digested in a gastrovascular cavity 5. Nerve net allows for sensing 6. Polyp anchored* 7. Medusa free-swimming**

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of cnidarians a. hydrozoa- hydra b. scyphozoans- jellyfish c. anthozoans- sea anemones 2. Phylum Ctenophora a. comb jellies (colloblasts)

D. Habitat 1. Most are slow moving or sessile 2. Found in tropical and temperate waters a. shallow ocean floors b. bottoms of ponds c. drifting in water currents 3. Feed on small fish/plankton.

B. Characteristics 1. True tissues 2. Radial symmetry 3. Use tentacles with stinging cells to capture prey

Platyhelminthes A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 20,000 known species of flatworms

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Food is digested in a gastrovascular cavity 4. Moves using cilia on ventral side a. muscles allow twisting and turning 5. Centralized nervous system a. eye spots detect light b. side flaps used for smell

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

a. endoderm (digestive) b. mesoderm (muscle) c. ectoderm (skin)

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

a. anterior (head) b. posterior (tail) c. dorsal (back) d. ventral (belly)

B. Characteristics 1. Three tissue layers

C. Classification 1. There are 3 classes of platyhelminthes a. turbellaria- planarians b. trematoda- flukes c. cestoidea- tapeworms

D. Habitat 1. 2. Freshwater and Marine Some are parasitic

Nematoda A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 15,000 known species of roundworms

B. Characteristics 1. 2. Pseudocoelom false body cavity Complete digestive system

C. Classification 1. There are 2 classes of nematoda a. Secernentea- ascaris, Guinea worm, heartworm, hookworm, lungworm, pinworm b. Adenophorea- trichinella, whipworm

D. Habitat 1. 2. 3. Aquatic Freshwater and marine Terrestrial soil and around plant roots Internal Parasites

Ascaris

Hookworm

Pinworm

Trichinella

Whipworm

Rotifer

Guinea Worm

Wuchereria bancrofti

Elephantiasis

Mollusca A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 150,000 known species of soft bodied animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. 3. 4. Open circulatory system Muscular Foot - locomotion Radula scrapes food Mantle secretes shell

C. Classification 1. 2. 3. Gastropod snails and slugs Bivalve clams, oysters, mussels, scallops Cephalopods squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

D. Habitat 1. 2. Aquatic freshwater and marine Few are terrestrial

Squid

Octopus

Cuttlefish

Nautilus

Snail

Slug

Clam

Oyster

Scallop

Mussel

Annelida A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 15,000 known species of segmented worms

B. Characteristics 1. True Coelom a. Pharynx, Esophagus, Crop, Gizzard, Intestines 2. Closed circulatory system a. 5 aortic arches b. ventral artery c. dorsal vein 3. Bristle-like setae (8 per segment) 4. Ventral nerve cord 5. Nephridia excrete waste (2 per segment)

C. Classification 1. 2. 3. Polychaeta Bristleworms Oligochaeta - Earthworm Hirudinea - Leeches

D. Habitat 1. 2. 3. Aquatic mostly marine Terrestrial External parasites

Bristleworm

Nereis

Earthworm

Leech

Arthropoda A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 1,000,000 known species of jointed leg animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. 3. 4. Jointed Legs Exoskeleton made of chitin Segmented body Open circulatory system_

C. Classification 1. Arthropods are classified into 4 classes a. crustaceans b. arachnids c. insects d. myriapods

2. Crustaceans include decapods (lobsters, crayfish, crabs, & shrimp), Isopods, Copepods and Barnacles

Lobster

Crayfish

Fiddler Crab

Shrimp

Copepod

Daphnia

Barnacles

Pill Bug

Horseshoe Crab

3. Arachnids include spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions

Tarantula

Scorpion

Tick

Mite

4. Insects a. tracheae b. malpighian tubules c. molting

Bed Bug

Bee

Wasp

Wasp

Yellow Jacket

Hornet

Hornet

Ant

Butterfly

Butterfly Larvae

Butterfly Pupa

Grasshopper

Cricket

Praying Mantis

Cicada/Molting

Damselfly

Dragonfly

Dragonfly Larva

Fly

Horsefly

Mosquito

Termite

Beetle

Ladybird Beetle

Beetle

5. Myriapods include centipedes and millipedes

Millipede

Horseshoe Crab

D. Habitat 1. Live everywhere

Rotifer

Echinodermata A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1. There are 7,000 known species of spiny skinned animals

B. Characteristics 1. 2. 3. 4. Water vascular system Tube feet used for feeding and locomotion Appear to have radial symmetry as adults Deuterostome

C. Classification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sea Stars Brittle Stars Sea Cucumbers Sand Dollars Sea Urchin

D. Habitat 1. Marine

Brittle Star

Sea Star

Sea Cucumber

Sea Cucumber

Sea Cucumber

Sand Dollar

Sea Urchin

Sea Urchin

Sea Basket

Chordata A. Diversity B. Characteristics C. Classification D. Habitat

A. Diversity 1.

Rotifer

B. Characteristics 1.

C. Classification 1.

D. Habitat 1.

A. Origin of Animals 1. Animals are believed to have evolved from colonial protozoans called choanoflagellates

B. Characteristics 1. Eukaryotic 2. Multicellular 3. Heterotrophic 4. Reproduce sexually and asexually

C. Classification 1. Sponges (Porifera) 2. Stinging Celled (Cnidaria) 3. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) 4. Roundworms (Nematoda) 5. Soft Bodied (Mollusca) 6. Segmented Worms (Annelida) 7. Jointed Leg (Arthropoda) 8. Spiny Skin (Echinodermata) 9. Vertebrates (Chordata)