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Transcription
Types of RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA). This will later be translated into a polypeptide. ribosomal RNA (rRNA). This will be used in the building of ribosomes: machinery for synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA. transfer RNA (tRNA). RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the growing polypeptide. small nuclear RNA (snRNA). DNA transcription of the genes for mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA produces large precursor molecules ("primary transcripts") that must be processed within the nucleus to produce the functional molecules for export to the cytosol. Some of these processing steps are mediated by snRNAs. small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). These RNAs modify tRNA and rRNA (met, etc) microRNA (miRNA). These are tiny (~22 nts) RNA molecules that appear to regulate the Half life or translation efficiency of mRNA molecules. Non-coding (ncRNA). Bacteria. Small RNAs that regulate translation based on ribosome binding ability XIST RNA. This inactivates one of the two X chromosomes in female vertebrates.
DNA RNA
5
5 3
Terminao
E.coli
Iniciao
Elongao
Iniciao da transcripo
Promotor Transcripto codificante
..5
-20 -10 +1 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
..3
Iniciao da transcripo
Promotor
Transcripto
regio codificante
..5 ..3
-20 -10 +1 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
..3 ..5
Eficincia dos promotores e diferente e depende da sequncia Eficincia representa o nmero de vezes que a RNA Pol inicia a transcrio A eficincia de ligao depende: . Em parte do estado de super-enrolamento do DNA (+) -> menos transcrio (-) -> mais transcrio . Factores de ativao o inibio (factores de transativao) . Nos procariotas depende de qual factor sigma () se liga . Nos eucariotas depende de diferentes factores de transativao
Terminao da transcrio
+5000
-200
-30 TATA
+1
......5
Enhancer
//
Promotor
........3
5 CAP
CAP snatching
5 CAP of RNA (+) viruses, SARs, Influenza, polio, hepatitis, sRNA +/- or dsRNA
Processamento do 3 do mRNA
Poly-A-Polymerase
Organizao do mRNA
Organizao do mRNA
Promotor
Transcrito
codificante
..5
-20 -10 +1 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
7-Met-G CAP
AAAAA (200bp)
5 UTR
codificante
3UTR
Poly A
Nucleolus - ribossomas