Creep Test Study

- A Comparison of Test Durations

Craig Pon
Kinectrics, Inc
&
Otto J. Lynch, P.E.
Power Line Systems, Inc.

July 25, 2012

Conductors and Accessories WG
San Diego, CA

Outline

1. Motivation
2. Objective of the Study
3. Study Process
4. Typical Creep Test Result for 1000 hours
5. Comparison of 10 year extrapolation using
1000 hour and 500 hour data

Motivation

Why is the Creep Test 1000 hours in duration?

Is it necessary to be that long?

Objective of the Study

To determine the difference of using 500 hour data instead of 1000

hour data on the linear extrapolation to 10 years
To determine the effect of this difference on Sag-Tension calculations

Study Process

Total 67 conductors/cables analyzed (performed in accordance with AA or IEC 61395)

Category 1 25 Conductors (ACSR, AACSR, ACSR/AW, ACSR/TW)

Category 2 34 OPGW Cables (Various designs)
Category 3 8 other Conductors (AAAC, ACAR, ADSS, HTLS)

Linear regressions (y = AxB ) performed on 1000 hour and 500 hour data from
the same test
Regressions extrapolation to 10 years (87,600 hours)
Comparison of 10 year creep

Typical Creep Test Result for 1000 hours

ACSR/TW "Erie", 24.13 mm, 16/7
0.01000
1000 Hour
500 Hour
Power (1000 Hour)
Power (500 Hour)

Strain (mm/mm)

0.00100

1000 Hour Regression

y = 5E-05x0.2091
R = 0.9962
500 Hour Regression
y = 5E-05x0.2137
R = 0.9968

0.00010

0.00001
1

10

100

1000
Time (hrs)

10000

100000

Category 1 25 Conductors (ACSR, etc)

Cable Type

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

AACSR
AACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR
ACSR/AW
ACSR/AW
ACSR/AW
ACSR/AW
ACSR/TW

Code Name

WASKAG
BERSFORT
BLUEJAY
CANARY
CARDINAL
CURLEW
CURLEW
CURLEW
CURLEW AW
CURLEW GS
HAWK
HAWK
LYNX
LYNX
PHEASANT
SQUAB
SQUAB

DOVE
MERLIN
PENGUIN
QUAIL
ERIE

Cable
Linear Mass
Stranding
Diameter (mm)
(kg/km)

23.53
33.90
35.58
31.98
29.19
30.42
31.59
31.62
31.68
31.68
31.68
21.79
21.79
19.53
19.53
35.11
24.51
24.53
24.00
33.15
23.55
17.35
14.31
11.34
24.13

23/7
60/19
48/7
45/7
54/7
54/7
54/7
54/7
54/7
54/7
54/7
26/7
26/7
30/7
30/7
54/19
26/7
26/7
13/19
54/19
26/7
18/1
6/1
6/1
16/7

2368
2375
1867
1829
1978
1983
1896
1980
977
977
842
842
1784
1240
1239
1621
2166
1140
532
412
259
1400

Creep Coefficients
using 1,000 hour data

Creep Coefficients
using 500 hour data

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

0.0000758
0.0000353
0.0001223
0.0000508
0.0000892
0.0000594
0.0000288
0.0001988
0.0000473
0.0000588
0.0000682
0.0000367
0.0000476
0.0000413
0.0000524
0.0000655
0.0000419
0.0000623
0.0000623
0.0000960
0.0000399
0.0000258
0.0001359
0.0000175
0.0000485

0.2352600
0.2359900
0.1838700
0.1956300
0.1656500
0.1878400
0.2249200
0.1327700
0.2050000
0.2166200
0.2062200
0.2057900
0.2055200
0.2026400
0.1935400
0.1901400
0.2063700
0.1913900
0.1715100
0.2196700
0.1913700
0.2209600
0.1593400
0.2213600
0.2090600

0.0000758
0.0000349
0.0001221
0.0000503
0.0000896
0.0000593
0.0000285
0.0001986
0.0000474
0.0000584
0.0000678
0.0000364
0.0000471
0.0000418
0.0000524
0.0000654
0.0000417
0.0000617
0.0000623
0.0000955
0.0000398
0.0000258
0.0001363
0.0000174
0.0000480

0.2352600
0.2411300
0.1847800
0.2004300
0.1635100
0.1880400
0.2291500
0.1333500
0.2039500
0.2200200
0.2084300
0.2093800
0.2102700
0.1973400
0.1935700
0.1909500
0.2090200
0.1931900
0.1715100
0.2219700
0.1932900
0.2210800
0.1582100
0.2239600
0.2137000

R2 value
1,000 hours

0.998
0.983
0.999
0.975
0.994
0.996
0.978
1.000
0.999
0.989
0.999
0.994
0.993
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.981
0.999
0.997
0.995
0.990
0.993
0.993
0.996

R2 value 10 year strain 10 year strain

Absolute Strain % Strain
using 1,000
using 500
1,000
Difference
Difference
hour
data
hour
data
hours

0.997
0.980
0.999
0.970
0.993
0.995
0.972
1.000
0.998
0.987
1.000
0.994
0.993
0.999
0.998
0.997
0.996
0.983
0.998
0.997
0.994
0.987
0.991
0.992
0.997

0.0010275
0.0004830
0.0008689
0.0004202
0.0004986
0.0004441
0.0003431
0.0007021
0.0004400
0.0006331
0.0006443
0.0003453
0.0004455
0.0003730
0.0004217
0.0005046
0.0003969
0.0004878
0.0003762
0.0010731
0.0003127
0.0002933
0.0006974
0.0001999
0.0004753

0.0010275
0.0005086
0.0008775
0.0004419
0.0004867
0.0004450
0.0003581
0.0007072
0.0004352
0.0006555
0.0006593
0.0003583
0.0004680
0.0003529
0.0004218
0.0005090
0.0004080
0.0004947
0.0003762
0.0010985
0.0003191
0.0002936
0.0006886
0.0002053
0.0004985

0.0000000
0.0000256
0.0000086
0.0000217
-0.0000119
0.0000010
0.0000150
0.0000051
-0.0000048
0.0000223
0.0000150
0.0000131
0.0000224
-0.0000201
0.0000001
0.0000044
0.0000111
0.0000069
0.0000000
0.0000254
0.0000064
0.0000003
-0.0000088
0.0000054
0.0000232

0.0000%
5.2988%
0.9889%
5.1709%
2.3858%
0.2161%
4.3670%
0.7230%
1.0816%
3.5294%
2.3231%
3.7819%
5.0356%
5.3869%
0.0269%
0.8658%
2.7856%
1.4191%
0.0000%
2.3682%
2.0552%
0.1021%
1.2660%
2.6940%
4.8816%

Average strain for overestimated 500 hour extrapolation - ACSR

Average strain for underestimated 500 hour extrapolation - ACSR

0.0000111
-0.0000114

2.3159%
2.5301%

Category 2 34 OPGW Cables

Cable Type

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW
OPGW

Code Name

AA
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
AA/ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS
ACS

Cable
Linear Mass
Stranding
Diameter (mm)
(kg/km)

21.70
12.10
12.86
13.60
14.00
14.20
14.20
15.24
15.25
15.25
15.80
15.80
16.42
17.10
17.10
19.40
19.40
19.80
20.00
22.90
22.90
24.80
10.50
11.50
11.70
12.00
12.60
12.80
13.00
13.46
14.80
16.60
12.00
16.40

30/7
6/1
8/1
10/1
14/6
9/1
9/1
12/9
12/7
12/7
18/13
18/13
11/1
14/1
13/9
24/19
24/19
22/1
24/1
14/9
14/9
30/1
6/1
10/1
10/1
6/1
6/1
14/1
7/1
8/1
9/1
10/1
6/1
38/61

961
363
437
453
505
580
582
540
621
540
599
599
521
719
765
812
812
822
809
1270
1780
1214
406
460
451
529
586
518
528
447
694
720
532
598

Creep Coefficients
using 1,000 hour data

Creep Coefficients
using 500 hour data

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

0.0000437
0.0000481
0.0001070
0.0000746
0.0000392
0.0000714
0.0000569
0.0000409
0.0000851
0.0000438
0.0000933
0.0001328
0.0000472
0.0000695
0.0000587
0.0000411
0.0001815
0.0000735
0.0000642
0.0000516
0.0000600
0.0000767
0.0000524
0.0000751
0.0000765
0.0000565
0.0000350
0.0000406
0.0000409
0.0000641
0.0000910
0.0000896
0.0000775
0.0001529

0.2347400
0.1959600
0.1724700
0.1937400
0.1930300
0.1895000
0.1678300
0.1901500
0.1396500
0.2064500
0.1723700
0.1881500
0.2137500
0.1942600
0.2176900
0.2025200
0.1596500
0.2109100
0.1781800
0.1956800
0.1862400
0.1602400
0.1792200
0.1680900
0.1600100
0.1932900
0.2139300
0.2315000
0.2456800
0.2109200
0.1611600
0.1838900
0.1556000
0.0842973

0.0000434
0.0000481
0.0001070
0.0000743
0.0000389
0.0000706
0.0000568
0.0000407
0.0000856
0.0000432
0.0000936
0.0001342
0.0000463
0.0000688
0.0000582
0.0000407
0.0001803
0.0000729
0.0000639
0.0000512
0.0000595
0.0000766
0.0000519
0.0000751
0.0000763
0.0000559
0.0000348
0.0000395
0.0000402
0.0000638
0.0000898
0.0000889
0.0000773
0.0001528

0.2379800
0.1959600
0.1724300
0.1953200
0.1960000
0.1946700
0.1691100
0.1921100
0.1368000
0.2125900
0.1710200
0.1834800
0.2230300
0.1984700
0.2214900
0.2074500
0.1626800
0.2147000
0.1800600
0.1986200
0.1893600
0.1611500
0.1832000
0.1680900
0.1611700
0.1983500
0.2165700
0.2438400
0.2532300
0.2117100
0.1670400
0.1875200
0.1567000
0.0844025

R2 value
1,000 hours

0.997
0.994
0.998
0.998
0.989
0.996
0.998
0.992
0.995
0.995
0.993
0.997
0.987
0.995
0.995
0.994
0.997
0.999
0.998
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.994
0.996
0.999
0.994
0.996
0.981
0.991
0.991
0.990
0.996
0.998
0.998

R2 value 10 year strain 10 year strain

Absolute Strain % Strain
using 1,000
using 500
1,000
Difference
Difference
hour data
hour data
hours

0.996
0.995
0.998
0.997
0.986
0.997
0.997
0.992
0.994
0.996
0.991
0.995
0.990
0.995
0.995
0.995
0.998
0.999
0.998
0.997
0.999
0.998
0.994
0.996
0.999
0.995
0.995
0.986
0.992
0.991
0.992
0.996
0.998
0.997

0.0005883
0.0003991
0.0006546
0.0006019
0.0003133
0.0005455
0.0003276
0.0003155
0.0003318
0.0004151
0.0005703
0.0009973
0.0004905
0.0005644
0.0006408
0.0003711
0.0009350
0.0007368
0.0004235
0.0004264
0.0004393
0.0003986
0.0003502
0.0004337
0.0003959
0.0004532
0.0003647
0.0005254
0.0006292
0.0006425
0.0004787
0.0006371
0.0003776
0.0002462

0.0006075
0.0003991
0.0006542
0.0006121
0.0003233
0.0005762
0.0003323
0.0003217
0.0003205
0.0004422
0.0005618
0.0009487
0.0005393
0.0005900
0.0006661
0.0003907
0.0009678
0.0007661
0.0004323
0.0004398
0.0004541
0.0004028
0.0003656
0.0004337
0.0004011
0.0004780
0.0003747
0.0005941
0.0006779
0.0006464
0.0005114
0.0006624
0.0003824
0.0002465

0.0000192
0.0000000
-0.0000003
0.0000102
0.0000100
0.0000307
0.0000047
0.0000062
-0.0000113
0.0000272
-0.0000085
-0.0000486
0.0000487
0.0000256
0.0000253
0.0000196
0.0000328
0.0000293
0.0000087
0.0000134
0.0000149
0.0000042
0.0000154
0.0000000
0.0000052
0.0000248
0.0000100
0.0000687
0.0000487
0.0000039
0.0000327
0.0000252
0.0000047
0.0000003

3.2710%
0.0000%
0.0529%
1.6904%
3.1811%
5.6288%
1.4455%
1.9622%
3.3936%
6.5407%
1.4826%
4.8728%
9.9371%
4.5296%
3.9411%
5.2800%
3.5060%
3.9755%
2.0657%
3.1332%
3.3820%
1.0488%
4.4031%
0.0000%
1.3198%
5.4731%
2.7470%
13.0742%
7.7322%
0.6070%
6.8322%
3.9622%
1.2559%
0.1287%

Average strain for overestimated 500 hour extrapolation - OPGW

Average strain for underestimated 500 hour extrapolation - OPGW

0.0000184
-0.0000228

3.6164%
3.2496%

Category 3 8 Conductors (Other)

Cable Type

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

AAAC
AAAC
ACAR
ADSS
ADSS
GSTACSR
HVCRC/TW
STACIR/AW

Code Name

ADSS
ADSS
DRAKE
MOOSE

Cable
Linear Mass
Stranding
Diameter (mm)
(kg/km)

24.64
28.00
30.38
11.80
16.80
31.50
28.14
31.77

37 WIRE
37 WIRE
18/19

53/7
14/9
54/7

986
1506
99
188
1938
1555

Creep Coefficients
using 1,000 hour data

Creep Coefficients
using 500 hour data

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

A (y-intercept)

B (slope)

0.0000775
0.0000637
0.0000206
0.0001514
0.0004278
0.0000073
0.0002029
0.0039840

0.2190100
0.1926700
0.2328200
0.2810400
0.1173800
0.2610900
0.1866800
0.0117700

0.0000768
0.0000629
0.0000204
0.0001514
0.0004278
0.0000073
0.0002028
0.0039730

0.2231100
0.1978900
0.2360200
0.2810400
0.1173800
0.2648500
0.1870200
0.0129800

R2 value
1,000 hours

0.993
0.987
0.996
0.989
0.987
0.995
0.999
0.849

R2 value 10 year strain 10 year strain

Absolute Strain % Strain
using 1,000
using 500
1,000
Difference
Difference
hour data
hour data
hours

0.990
0.986
0.996
0.989
0.988
0.994
0.999
0.862

0.0008600
0.0005069
0.0002705
0.0035578
0.0011991
0.0001357
0.0014952
0.0005710

0.0008962
0.0005355
0.0002793
0.0035578
0.0011991
0.0001407
0.0015006
0.0006325

Average strain for overestimated 500 hour extrapolation

Average strain for underestimated 500 hour extrapolation

0.0000362
0.0000287
0.0000088
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000051
0.0000054
0.0000614

0.0000182

4.2100%
5.6543%
3.2529%
0.0000%
0.0000%
3.7343%
0.3611%
10.7536%

3.4958%

10 Year Strain Using 1000 Hour Data

0.0040
0.0035

Strain (mm/mm)

0.0030
0.0025
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
0.0000
0

10

20

30
40
Test Number

50

60

70

10 Year Strain Using 500 Hour Data

0.0040
0.0035

Strain (mm/mm)

0.0030
0.0025
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
0.0000
0

10

20

30
40
Test Number

50

60

70

10 Year Strain Using 1000 hour and 500 hour data

0.0040
0.0035

Strain (mm/mm)

0.0030
0.0025
500 Hour
Extrapolation
1000 Hour
Extrapolation

0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
0.0000
0

10

20

30
40
Test Number

50

60

70

Percent Difference of 10 Year Strain Extrapolation

500 hour extrapolation < 1000 hour extrapolation

500 hour extrapolation > 1000 hour extrapolation

69% of Data (0%-5%)

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

Translate into Sag Tension

Compare differences of Creep Sags between;

Standard Aluminum Association Stress-Strain Data
1000 Hour Creep
500 Hour Creep

Challenge: How to get from single creep point

to full nonlinear creep calculations

Standard CANARY ACSR

Stress-Strain
and Creep
Values for Outer
Aluminum

CANARY Load vs. Elongation

Computed Data Points

Data points are

calculated at userdefined intervals for
existing stress-strain
and creep polynomials
(default is 20)

Plot of Data Points on Graph

Creep Options

Revised Elongation Values

Calculate revised
elongation from
creep values
proportional to
tension.

Revised Creep Polynomials

Recalculate
creep
polynomials to
recreate the
new creep
curve.

1000 Hour Graph

500 Hour Graph

Sag Results

To calculate sags after Creep, tensions

were constrained to 25% RTS at Initial,
60F as the control point (i.e. As
Strung condition.)
For discussion, sags are presented at
0F, 60F, and 212F after Creep

Typical Sag-Tension Run

Sag Differences - Canary

Canary 54/7 ACSR
Temperature
Sag (ft)
Sag Difference
(F)
Standard Modified 1000 Hour 500 Hour 1000 Hr - 500 Hr
0
17.39
17.35
16.68
16.63
0.05
60
21.54
21.52
20.84
20.79
0.05
212
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
0

Strain difference between 500 and 1000

hour test is 5.17%
Sag difference between 500 and 1000
hour test is 0.05 feet; 0.6 inches!
At 212F, there is no difference.

Sag Differences - Bluejay

Bluejay 45/7 ACSR
Temperature
Sag (ft)
Sag Difference
(F)
Standard Modified 1000 Hour 500 Hour 1000 Hr - 500 Hr
0
21.45
21.28
19.26
19.31
-0.05
60
25.87
25.7
23.8
23.85
-0.05
212
35.57
35.43
33.93
33.89
0.04

Strain difference between 500 and 1000

hour test is -2.39%
Sag difference between 500 and 1000
hour test again only 0.05 feet; 0.6
inches!
At 212F, difference is less than !

Sag Differences - Hawk

Hawk 26/7 ACSR
Temperature
Sag (ft)
Sag Difference
(F)
Standard Modified 1000 Hour 500 Hour 1000 Hr - 500 Hr
0
16.23
16.14
13.87
13.87
0
60
20.41
20.33
17.7
17.73
-0.03
212
28.71
28.71
27.88
27.91
-0.03

Strain difference between 500 and 1000

hour test is 5.04%
There is NO sag difference between 500
and 1000 hour test.
At 212F, difference is 0.36 inches.

Sag Differences - Pheasant

Pheasant 54/19 ACSR
Temperature
Sag (ft)
Sag Difference
(F)
Standard Modified 1000 Hour 500 Hour 1000 Hr - 500 Hr
0
18.66
19.05
17.23
17.24
-0.01
60
22.95
23.33
21.54
21.57
-0.03
212
31.8
31.8
31.53
31.54
-0.01

Strain difference between 500 and 1000

hour test is 0.87%
Sag difference between 500 and 1000
hour test again only 0.01 feet; negligible.
At 212F, difference is also neglible.

Summary

There is negligible difference in final

sags after 10 year creep whether a 1000
hour or 500 hour creep test is
performed.
There is more value performing 2 x 500
hour tests versus 1 x 1000 hr test

Future Work

Perform a similar analysis using 100

hour data
Validate single tension creep test with
multiple tension creep tests

Questions/Discussion
Craig Pon
Kinectrics, Inc
craig.pon@kinectrics.com

&
Otto J. Lynch, P.E.
Power Line Systems, Inc.
otto@powline.com