OMS Accidentes Viales

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2013
SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2013
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. 1.Accidents, Trafc - statistics and numerical data. 2.Accidents, Trafc - trends. 3.Wounds and injuries - epidemiology. 4.Safety. 5.Data collection. 6.Programme evaluation. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156456 4 World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specic companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout by LIV Com Srl, Villars-sous-Yens, Switzerland. Printed in Luxembourg. (NLM classication: WA 275)
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CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Decade of Action for Road Safety . The purpose of this report . . . . . . . . . Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 11 13 13 14 15 16 16 16 16 16 17 18 18 18 20
Section 1. The current state of global road safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Many countries have successfully reduced the number of deaths on their roads, while deaths are increasing in others Middle-income countries are hardest hit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The African Region has the highest road trafc fatality rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Half of all road trafc deaths are among pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Almost 60% of road trafc deaths are among 1544 year olds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-fatal crash injuries are poorly documented. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harmonizing data collection on road trafc deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Section 2. New road safety laws: progress to date

Reducing speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Progress to reduce excessive speed has stalled . . . . . . . Reducing urban speeds protects pedestrians and cyclists . Speed limits need stronger enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Reducing drinking and driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drinkdrive laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration levels . . . . Strong drinkdrive laws protect almost 70% of worlds population . . . . . . . . More stringent drinkdrive laws for high-risk drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drinkdrive laws need stronger enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Almost half of all countries lack of data on alcohol-related road trafc deaths Increasing motorcycle helmet use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Head injuries among motorcyclists are a growing concern . . . . More effort is needed to promote helmet standards and quality. Data on helmet use is weak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Increasing seat-belt use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Progress has been made in tightening up seat-belt laws Enforcing seat-belt laws needs more emphasis . . . . . . Only half of countries collect seat-belt wearing data . . . Increasing the use of child restraints . . . More countries need to adopt child restraint use Encouraging child restraint use . . . . . . . . . . . .
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22 22 23 23 25 25 26 27 27 27 29 30 32 33 33 37 39 41 42 45 48 53 237
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Lead agencies are vital to developing a national road safety strategy . . . . . . . . . . . Involving multiple sectors in national road safety efforts is critical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . National road safety strategies should include targets to minimize injuries, deaths and key risk factors .
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Section 3. Transport policies neglect pedestrians and cyclists

Governments need to make walking and cycling safe . . . . . . . . Safer roads reduce crash likelihood and severity . . . . . . . . . . . Action is needed to make vehicles safer for non-car road users . Public transport can make mobility safer and reduce congestion .
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Conclusions and recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References

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Explanatory notes
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Methodology, data collection and validation . Country prole explanations . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating global road trafc deaths . . . . . .
Country Proles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistical Annex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preface
Progress is being made to make the worlds roads safer, but this critical work must be intensied and accelerated.
In 2010 the governments of the world declared 20112020 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety. They invited the World Health Organization to prepare this report as a baseline to assess the state of global road safety at the onset of the Decade, and to be able to monitor progress over the period of the Decade. The unanimous support for this Decade of Action from Member States indicates a growing awareness that the devastating scale of road trafc injuries is a global public health and development concern. This report shows that 1.24 million people were killed on the worlds roads in 2010. This is unacceptably high. Road trafc injuries take an enormous toll on individuals and communities as well as on national economies. Middle-income countries, which are motorizing rapidly, are the hardest hit. There is a sound body of scientic evidence behind road safety interventions. Adopting and enforcing legislation relating to important risk factors speed, drinkdriving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints has been shown to lead to reductions in road trafc injuries. This report illustrates some of the progress made in a number of countries to address these risk factors since publication of the rst Global status report on road safety (2009). Since 2008, 35 countries have passed new laws or amended existing legislation covering one or more of these risk factors. Nevertheless, in many countries these laws are either not comprehensive in scope or are lacking altogether. Governments must do more to ensure that their national road safety laws meet best practice, and do more to enforce these laws. Road safety was recognized in global environmental policy deliberations at the recent Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. A clear link was made between road safety and sustainable development. Encouraging sustainable transport policy must include making non-motorized forms of transport accessible and safe: this report shows that 27% of global road trafc deaths are among pedestrians and cyclists. To date, these road users have been neglected in transport and planning policy. The world must now increase its focus on making walking and cycling safer, and protecting these road users from high-speed trafc. The benets of such a move will be far greater than purely the health benets of reduced road trafc injuries. Benets will include reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, reductions in trafc congestion, and the health outcomes that come from increased physical activity. This report shows that, with sufcient political will, road trafc deaths can be averted. In supporting the Decade of Action for Road Safety, governments around the world have shown their political commitment to make the worlds roads safer. The Decade offers a unique platform upon which to address this issue. The challenge is to keep this pledge and enhance the pace of change. Only then can the goal of the Decade of Action for Road Safety be met.
Dr Margaret Chan Director-General World Health Organization
Acknowledgements
The Global status report on road safety 2013 beneted from the contributions of a number of WHO staff: Tami Toroyan coordinated and wrote the report, with data management and statistical analysis conducted by Kacem Iaych; Margie Peden provided strategic and technical oversight; data collection was facilitated by WHO Representatives and staff at country level; at regional level, trainings, data collection and validation were carried out by: Martial Missimikim and Martin Ekeke Monono (Africa); Astrid Arca, Alessandra Senisse Pajares and Eugnia Rodrigues (the Americas); Rania Saad, Hala Sakr and Hala Youssef (Eastern Mediterranean); Francesco Mitis and Dinesh Sethi (Europe); Rania Saad and Chamaiparn Santikarn (South-East Asia); and Krishnan Rajam, Mayet Darang and Xiangdong Wang (Western Pacic). Other WHO staff who contributed to the development and production of the report include Ala Alwan, Nicholas Banatvala, Oleg Chestnov, Manjul Joshipura, Doris Ma Fat, Evelyn Murphy, Etienne Krug, Jon Passmore, Pascale Lanvers-Casasola, Colin Mathers, Florence Rusciano and Jelica Vesic. Country level data could not have been obtained without the invaluable input of: the National Data Coordinators (see Table A1 in the Statistical Annex); all respondents and attendees of the consensus meetings in countries; government of cials who provided clearance of the information for inclusion in the Report. WHO also wishes to thank the following contributors whose expertise made this document possible: Jennifer Ellis, Kelly Henning and Kelly Larson from Bloomberg Philanthropies; Adnan Hyder, Olive Kobusingye, Junaid Razzak and David Ward, who provided expert advice and review comments; Claudia Adriazola-Steil, Abdulgafoor Bachani, Madhav Pai, Nagi Sha k, David Ward, Esti Widiastuti, Gde Yogadhita for providing information for boxes; Alison Harvey for preparing and checking country pro les; Angela Burton who edited and proofread the report; Drew Blakeman for valuable editorial input; Graphic designers from LIV Com Srl who produced the design and layout. Finally the World Health Organization wishes to thank Bloomberg Philanthropies for its generous nancial support for the development and publication of this report.
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013
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Executive summary
Road trafc injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death for young people aged 1529 (1, 2). More than a million people die each year on the worlds roads, and the cost of dealing with the consequences of these road trafc crashes runs to billions of dollars (3). Current trends suggest that by 2030 road trafc deaths will become the fth leading cause of death unless urgent action is taken (2). Strategies exist that are proven to reduce road trafc injuries and a number of countries have successfully used these strategies to reduce their road trafc deaths. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank launched the World report on road trafc injury prevention (4). The World report provides extensive information on leading risk factors for road trafc injuries and evidence on effective interventions, and makes recommendations to countries on how to improve national road safety. Progress in implementing the recommendations of the World report was rst reported in the Global status report on road safety: time for action (2009) (5). In 2010 the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution calling for a Decade of Action for Road Safety 20112020, and for further Global status reports on road safety to monitor the impact of the Decade at national and global levels. This report builds on the 2009 report, and provides additional data in a number of important areas. It serves as the baseline for monitoring the Decade. The report shows that there has been no overall reduction in the number of people killed on the worlds roads: about 1.24 million deaths occur annually. However, this plateau should be considered in the context of a corresponding 15% global increase in the number of registered vehicles, suggesting that interventions to improve global road safety have mitigated the expected rise in the number of deaths. Eighty-eight countries in which almost 1.6 billion people live reduced the number of deaths on their roads between 2007 and 2010, showing that improvements are possible, and that many more lives will be saved if countries take further action. However, of concern is that 87 countries saw increases in the numbers of road trafc deaths over the same period. The report also shows that the highest road trafc fatality rates are in middle-income countries, particularly the African Region. More than three-quarters of all road trafc deaths are among young males. The report notes the need for standardized data collection on fatalities and the need for improvement in the quality of road safety data on road trafc deaths, non-fatal injuries and disability. It also stresses the importance of good postcrash care, both in terms of providing quick access for road trafc victims to health care, and in ensuring the quality of trained hospital trauma care staff in mitigating the negative outcomes associated with road trafc crashes. The rst Global status report on road safety highlighted the lack of
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Eighty-eight countries have reduced the number of deaths on their roads but the total number of road trafc deaths remains unacceptably high at 1.24 million per year.
Only 28 countries, representing 449 million people (7% of the worlds population), have adequate laws that address all ve risk factors (speed, drink driving, helmets, seat-belts and child restraints).
comprehensive legislation on key risk factors (speed, drinkdriving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints) for road trafc injuries (5). Between 2008 and 2011, 35 countries, representing almost 10% of the worlds population, passed laws to address one or more of these ve key risk factors. The action taken by these countries to implement new laws indicates that with country commitment progress is possible. However, there has been no increase in the number of countries with adequate legislation on all ve key risk factors the 28 countries (representing 7% of the worlds population) with comprehensive laws remain unchanged from the last evaluation in 2009. The report also highlights that enforcement of these laws, which is critical to their success, is inadequate. The report serves as a strong warning to governments to address the needs of non-motorized road users. Twenty-seven per cent of all road trafc deaths occur among pedestrians and cyclists. In lowand middle-income countries, this gure is closer to a third of all road deaths, but in some countries is more than 75%. As the world continues to motorize, walking and cycling need to be made safe and promoted as healthy and less expensive mobility options. However, only 68 countries have national or subnational policies to promote walking and cycling, and just 79 countries have policies that protect pedestrians and cyclists by separating them from motorized and high-speed trafc. Although governments increasingly recognize the need to promote alternative forms of mobility, more emphasis needs to be given to making these modes of transport safe. Addressing the safety of pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists is critical to successfully reducing the total number of global road trafc deaths. The report further highlights the important role that road infrastructure can play in reducing injuries among all road users, including pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. It recommends that governments implement regular road
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Over a third of road trafc deaths in low- and middle-income countries are among pedestrians and cyclists. However, less than 35% of low- and middle-income countries have policies in place to protect these road users.
safety audits to assess safety levels of both existing and new road infrastructure projects. The report also outlines progress that has been made to implement minimum vehicle safety standards, and encourages governments to work with vehicle manufacturers to ensure that ever-larger proportions of their eets meet these standards. Real progress has been made towards improving road safety and saving lives, but what this report shows is that faster and more concerted action is needed to prevent many more lives being
needlessly lost on the worlds roads. Therefore the report makes the following recommendations: Governments urgently need to pass comprehensive legislation that meets best practice on all key risk factors to address this preventable cause of death, injury and disability. Governments should invest sufcient nancial and human resources in the enforcement of these laws, as an essential component for their success. Raising public awareness can be
an important strategy in increasing understanding of and support for such legislative and enforcement measures. Concerted effort is needed to make road infrastructure safer for pedestrians and cyclists. The needs of these road users must be taken into consideration earlier, when road safety policy, transport planning and land use decisions are made. In particular, governments need to consider how non-motorized forms of transport can be integrated into more sustainable and safer transport systems.
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Background
Approximately 1.24 million people die every year on the worlds roads, and another 20 to 50 million sustain nonfatal injuries as a result of road trafc crashes. These injuries and deaths have an immeasurable impact on the families affected, whose lives are often changed irrevocably by these tragedies, and on the communities in which these people lived and worked. Road trafc injuries are estimated to be the eighth leading cause of death globally, with an impact similar to that caused by many communicable diseases, such as malaria (1). They are the leading cause of death for young people aged 1529 years, and as a result take a heavy toll on those entering their most productive years (2). Economically disadvantaged families are hardest hit by both direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost wages that result from these injuries. At the national level, road trafc injuries result in considerable nancial costs, particularly to developing economies. Indeed, road trafc injuries are estimated to cost low- and middle-income countries between 12 % of their gross national product, estimated at over US$ 100 billion a year (3). Despite the enormous toll exacted by road trafc injuries, they have for many years been neglected by global health and development agendas, and funding for interventions has not been commensurate with the scale of the problem. This is despite the fact that road trafc injuries are largely preventable and that the evidence base for effective interventions is extensive. Road trafc injuries are increasing, notably in low- and middle-income countries, where rates are twice those in high-income countries. This is partly attributable to the rapid rate of motorization in many developing countries that has occurred without a concomitant investment in road safety strategies and land use planning. While road trafc fatality rates are decreasing in some high-income countries, the rapid increase in road trafc crashes in low- and middleincome countries has driven an overall global increase in deaths and injuries. Indeed, current trends suggest that road trafc injuries will become the fth leading cause of death by 2030, with the disparity between high- and low-income countries further accentuated (2). Nonetheless, evidence from many countries shows that dramatic successes in preventing road trafc injuries can be achieved through concerted efforts at national level. A number of countries, such as Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom have achieved steady declines in road trafc death rates through coordinated, multisectoral responses to the problem. Such responses involve implementation of a number of proven measures that address not only the safety of the road user, but also vehicle safety, the road environment and post-crash care.
The Decade of Action for Road Safety

In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 64/2551, which proclaimed a Decade of Action for Road Safety. The goal of the Decade (20112020) is to stabilize and reduce the increasing trend in road trafc fatalities, saving an estimated 5 million lives over the period (see Figure 1).
1 http://www.who.int/roadsafety/about/resolutions/ download/en/index.html
Figure 1 Goal of the Decade of Action for Road Safety 20112020

2.0 1.8 1.6 Number of deaths (millions) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Year 2016 2017 2018 2019
Projected increase without action
5 million lives saved

Projected reduction if action taken
2020
Figure 2 The ve pillars that guide national road safety plans and activities over the Decade of Action
National activities
Pillar 1 Road safety management Pillar 2 Safer roads and mobility Pillar 3 Safer vehicles Pillar 4 Safer road users Pillar 5 Post-crash response
In order to guide countries on taking concrete, national-level actions to achieve this goal, a Global Plan of Action was developed (5). This provides a practical tool to help governments and other national stakeholders develop national and local plans of action, while simultaneously providing a framework for coordinating activities at regional and global levels. National activities are based around ve key pillars, as indicated (Figure 2). The UN General Assembly resolution also called for regular monitoring of global progress toward meeting targets identied in the Global Plan of Action. These targets are, in part, based on data highlighted in the rst Global status report on road safety in 2009,1 and to this end, the resolution calls for the publication of further reports to provide and disseminate this information (6). This report, the second Global status report on road safety, meets this request and will provide the baseline data (from 2010) for monitoring progress through the Decade of Action.
The purpose of this report

The specic objectives of this second Global status report on road safety are: to describe the burden of road trafc injuries and implementation of effective interventions in all Member States using a standardized methodology, and assess changes since the publication of the rst Global status report in 2009; to indicate gaps in road safety nationally across a number of domains (institutional management, policies, legislation, data collection) to stimulate and prioritize road safety activities; to serve as a baseline for monitoring activities relating to the Decade of Action for Road Safety at national and international levels.
was driven by a number of individual respondents from different sectors within a country, each of whom completed a self-administered questionnaire with information on key variables. This group was then required to come to a consensus on the data that best represented their country, which is presented here. More detail on the methodology can be found on page 42. The report highlights data from 182 countries/areas, covering 6.8 billion people (98.6% of the worlds population). Response rates by region covered between 95% of the population in the African Region, to 100% in the South-East Asia Region. Data collection was carried out in 2011: thus, while data on legislation and policies relate to 2011, data on fatalities relate to 2010, the most recent year for which data were available.
Methodology
The methodology used to generate the data and information presented in this report involved collecting data from each country, coordinated by a National Data Coordinator (see Statistical Annex, Table A1). Data collection in turn
1 The Global status report on road safety: time for action (2009) legislation data were collected for 2008 and fatality data for 2007; in both cases these were the most recent data available. The current report provides legislation data updated for 2011 and fatality data updated for 2010. Thus comparisons on fatality data relate to 2007 and 2010.
SECTION1
The current state of global road safety
The number of road trafc deaths each year has not increased but remains unacceptably high at 1.24 million per year.
Many countries have successfully reduced the number of deaths on their roads, while deaths are increasing in others
This report shows that there were 1.24 million deaths on the worlds roads in 2010,1 similar to the number of deaths in 2007. This plateau in the number of global road deaths needs to be viewed in the context of a corresponding 15% global increase in the number of registered motorized vehicles.
1 These data are based on information collected in this survey for 182 countries, and estimated where appropriate to account for varying levels of data quality to make data comparable across countries. Data have been extrapolated to all 195 countries and territories in the world. Full details of the methodology used to develop comparative estimates are explained on page 42.
Although the aim of reducing the annual burden of road trafc deaths has yet to be realized, the lack of increase suggests that interventions to improve global road safety may have mitigated deaths that would otherwise have occurred. Between 2007 and 2010, the number of road trafc deaths decreased in 88 countries, suggesting that progress can be made with sufcient national commitment. Of these 88 countries, 42 are high-income countries, 41 are middle-income, and ve are low-income (see Figure 3). Nonetheless, there is a major, persisting concern in the 87 countries that saw increases in the numbers of road trafc deaths over the same period.
Middle-income countries are hardest hit

The overall global road trafc fatality rate is 18 per 100 000 population. However, middle-income countries have the highest annual road trafc fatality rates, at 20.1 per 100 000, while the rate in high-income countries is lowest, at 8.7 per 100 000 (see Figure 4). Eighty per cent of road trafc deaths occur in middle-income countries, which account for 72%2 of the worlds population, but only 52% of the worlds registered vehicles. This indicates that these countries bear a disproportionately high burden of road trafc deaths relative to their level of motorization (see Figure 5).
2 This proportion reects the 14 countries that have moved from low- to middle-income status since the publication of the rst Global status report on road safety.
Figure 3 Countries with changes in numbers of road trafc deaths (20072010), by country income statusa
Figure 4 Road trafc death rates per 100 000 population, by country income status
Road trafc deaths per 100 000 population 25 20 15 10 5 0 Highincome Middleincome Lowincome
8.7 20.1 18.3
Countries with increasing numbers of deaths
Countries with decreasing numbers of deaths
Low-income
Middle-income
High-income
60
40
20
0 Number of countries
20
40
60
a See Table A2 in Statistical Annex for information on income-level classications
Figure 5 Population, road trafc deaths, and registered motorized vehiclesa, by country income status
1% 12% 16% 12% 8%

High-income Middle-income Low-income
52% 72% Population

a
47%
80% Road trafc deaths Registered motorized vehiclesa
Registered vehicle data provided only for countries participating in the survey.
There are large disparities in road trafc death rates between regions (see Figure 6). The risk of dying as a result of a road trafc
There is also considerable disparity in rates between countries within the same region. The European Region has the
The African Region has the highest road trafc fatality rate
injury is highest in the African Region (24.1 per 100 000 population), and lowest in the European Region (10.3 per 100 000).
highest inequalities in road trafc fatality rates, with low-income countries having rates nearly three times higher than high-income countries (18.6 per 100 000 population compared to 6.3 per 100 000) these are similar to rates in South East Asia and Western Pacic Regions.
Half of the worlds road trafc deaths occur among motorcyclists (23%), pedestrians (22%) and cyclists (5%) i.e. vulnerable road users with 31% of deaths among car occupants and the remaining 19% among unspecied road users. However, this global analysis masks signicant differences regarding who is most at risk by country income status and by WHO region. In most low- and middle-income countries, a much higher proportion of road users are pedestrians, cyclists and users of motorized two- or three-wheeled vehicles than in highincome countries. In much of the African Region, for example, walking and cycling are important forms of mobility for a large proportion of the population, while in many South-East Asia and Western Pacic countries, motorcycles are used
1 The term cyclist refers to users of two- or threewheeled pedal cycles, but does not include those riding motorcycles or E-bikes.
Road trafc deaths per 100 000 population
Half of all road trafc deaths are among pedestrians, cyclists1 and motorcyclists
Figure 6 Road trafc deaths per 100 000 population, by WHO region
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 African Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Pacic Region South-East Asia Region Region of the Americas European Region
24.1 21.3 18.5 18.5 16.1 10.3
frequently because they are relatively affordable to buy and run. These different trafc mixes are reected in road trafc fatality breakdowns. For example, 38% of all African road trafc deaths occur among pedestrians, while 36% of road trafc deaths in the Western Pacic Region are among motorcyclists (see Figure 7). Comparing the proportion of deaths among different road user types
between regions conceals the substantial range seen within regions. For example, while the Americas Region has the lowest proportion of vulnerable road user deaths (41%), this figure ranges from 22% in Venezuela to 75% or more in Costa Rica, Colombia and the Dominican Republic. Figure 8 shows the breakdown of road fatalities by road user type and country
Figure 7 Road trafc deaths by type of road user, by WHO region
WORLD
19% 22% 18% 37% 28% 14% 3% 31% 23% 5%
7% 27% 50% 4% 12%
Europe
Eastern Mediterranean
South-East Asia
15% 33%
36%
Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other
The Americas
17% 23% 3% 42% 15% 7% 38% 5%
12%
4%
Africa
43% 7% 25% 8%
Western Pacic
8% 23% 36%
income status. Low-income countries have the highest proportion of deaths among vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists combined) at 57%, with this gure lower in both middle-income (51%) and high-income countries (39%).
Figure 8 Proportion of road trafc deaths among road user types, by country income status
100 90 80 Percentage (%) road trafc deaths Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other/ unspecied
Almost 60% of road trafc deaths are among 1544 year olds
Young adults aged between 15 and 44 years account for 59% of global road trafc deaths. More than three-quarters (77%) of all road trafc deaths occur among men, with this gure highest in the Western Pacic Region. Regional variations are evident but mostly follow the same pattern (see Figure 9), except in high-income countries, where the proportion of deaths among those over 70 years is noticeably greater than in low- and middle-income countries. This difference is most likely related to longevity in these countries, combined with the greater risk posed by reduced mobility and increased frailty.
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Low-income Middle-income High-income
staff are required and what treatment is provided, as well as identify primary prevention measures that could be implemented. Unfortunately, even in high-income countries, this information is rarely national in scope because of the workload associated with high numbers of patients seen in hospital emergency rooms each day, and the complexities of accurately collecting this information. Consequently, many countries use systems that collect
Non-fatal crash injuries are poorly documented

For every road trafc fatality, at least 20 people sustain non-fatal injuries (4). The severity of injuries sustained ranges from those that can be treated immediately and for which medical care is not needed or sought, to those that result in a permanent disability. Reliably assessing injury severity requires clinical experience; police in many countries who record ofcial information on injuries often do not have sufcient training to reliably categorize injuries. Different denitions of injury severity further complicate reporting of injuries. Information on the extent of non-fatal injuries is important in assessing the type of medical care needed. Some countries have hospitals with injury surveillance systems in place. Data from these systems indicate the severity of the problem, what
this information from a geographic sample, and then generalize results to the whole country (7). In most low- and middle-income countries, sophisticated injury information systems are even rarer only 77 countries reported having a national injury surveillance system (47% of high-income and 46% of middle-income countries, but only 24% of low-income countries). The ability to accurately count the actual number of non-fatal injuries worldwide thus remains a challenge.
Figure 9 Proportion of road trafc deaths by age range and country income status
40 35 Proportion of road trafc deaths 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 04 514 1529 3044 Age range (years) 7 4559 6069 70+
High-income Middle-income Low-income
A signicant proportion of patients who sustain a road trafc injury incur permanent disability, through amputation, head injury or spinal cord injury. However, data on the number of people who incur a permanent disability as a result of these crashes is not well documented ranging from <1% in some countries (e.g. Croatia, Mexico and the Russian Federation), to as high as 25% in Poland, but averaging around 5% overall (or 1 in 20 of those injured). This large range may be a result of different denitions used and different study methodologies. Documenting the number of people who incur a non-fatal injury and/or disability as a result of a road trafc crash is important
to guide a countrys planning services, i.e. making sure that these casualties receive the best possible care (see Boxes 1, 2) (8, 9).
statistics on road trafc fatalities remain inconsistent, but there has been progress: 92 countries (51%) now use a 30-day fatality denition, an increase from the 80 countries using this measure in 2008. Police are the source of ofcial road trafc fatality data in 71% of countries. Data from police sources tend to have higher levels of underreporting than health sector data, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, because it can be difcult for police to follow up on the outcomes of road trafc crash victims (11). Vital registration data are generated by the health sector, and report ofcially registered deaths and deaths for which certicates
Harmonizing data collection on road trafc deaths

To harmonize surveillance data of road trafc deaths and allow cross-country comparisons to be made, a 30-day denition is recommended for road trafc deaths.1 Denitions used for ofcial
1 A road trafc fatality should be dened as any person killed immediately or dying within 30 days as a result of a road trafc accident (10). The choice of 30 days is based on research that shows that most people who die as a result of a crash succumb to their injuries within 30 days of sustaining them, and that while extension of this 30-day period results in a marginal increase in numbers, it requires a disproportionately large increase in surveillance efforts.
Figure 10 Proportion of countries providing access to emergency medical training for doctors and nurses, by WHO region
Nurses Doctors African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region Western Pacic Region
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Percentage (%) of countries
While the use of a 30-day denition is recommended for police and transport
1 In this survey, reported data have been adjusted using correction factors to bring them into line with a 30-day denition, and are shown as such in Statistical Annex y. These gures are shown side by side with the comparative estimates, which incorporate a countrys vital registration data where they exist and are considered to be complete.
have been completed by medical doctors (or where certicates do not exist, from verbal autopsy surveys) (13). Vital registration data often cover an undened time period so that, for example, a death that may have occurred as a result of a road trafc crash is recorded as a road trafc fatality even if the death occurs a year or more after the crash. In general, vital registration death data are more complete and have greater coverage than police data. However, vital registration data are currently not available from a number of countries.
data, and allows comparisons of road trafc deaths to be made over time and across countries, collecting data on road trafc deaths from vital registration systems also allows countries to compare road trafc deaths with other causes of death within their country (10,13).1 Linking data sources can improve ofcial road trafc fatality estimates, but this process remains underused, with only 17% countries reporting the use of combined
sources for their ofcial road trafc fatality data. A number of countries have taken signicant steps to improve the quality of their road trafc fatality data. Box 3 illustrates how Indonesia has taken steps to validate police data with other sources and thus reduce underreporting.
Figure 11 Trends in the number of road trafc deaths per year in Indonesia
35 000 30 000 25 000 Number of deaths 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
10
SECTION2
NEW ROAD SAFETY LAWS: PROGRESS TO DATE
Encouraging a culture of safe road behaviour that in turn achieves sustained reductions in road trafc injuries requires persistent attention. Nonetheless, many countries have, within a relatively short timeframe, implemented and enforced effective legislation to reduce speeding and drinkdriving, and increase use of motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints. Sustaining high levels of enforcement and maintaining a high perception of enforcement among the public are essential to the success of such legislative measures (4). This report shows that road safety legislation has been strengthened in 35 countries, representing almost 10% of the worlds population. These countries passed laws to address one or more key risk factors affecting road trafc injuries and fatalities speed, drinkdriving, motorcycle helmet use, seat-belts, and child restraints. While 94 countries now have national laws that address all ve key risk factors to some degree, there has been no increase since the end of 2008 in the number of countries with comprehensive laws covering all ve risk factors: only
Figure 12 Increase in the percentage of world population covered by comprehensive legislation on ve key road safety risk factors since 2008
90 80 Percentage (%) of worlds population 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Speed Drinkdriving Helmets Seat-belts Child restraints All ve risk factors 2008 2011
28 countries (with just 7% of the worlds population) have comprehensive laws in all ve areas (see Figure 12). Of these 28 countries, only four (Estonia, Finland, France and Portugal) also rate their enforcement of these laws as good,1 showing that much more work is needed to ensure the effectiveness of these laws.
1 Dened as 8 or more on a scale of 0 to 10. See Explanatory Note 2, page 45.
Extending coverage of comprehensive legislation that addresses all ve key risk factors has stalled since 2008. Unless the pace of change is accelerated, the United Nations General Assembly target of having 50% of countries with comprehensive legislation by 2020 will not be reached.
12
New road safety laws have been passed in 35 countries but only 7% of the worlds population is covered by comprehensive legislation for all ve risk factors.
REDUCING SPEED
Progress to reduce excessive speed has stalled

Speeding is a major road safety problem in all countries. Faster driving speeds increase the likelihood of a crash occurring, and the severity of the crash consequences. Interventions to reduce speed can lead to signicant reductions in road trafc injuries. In urban areas, with high concentrations of pedestrians and cyclists, measures to reduce speed are critical to the safety of these road users. Excessive speed is a worldwide problem affecting the entire road network (motorways and highways, and rural and urban roads). Speed limits vary by road type and most of the best practice identied in this area has come from
high-income countries (4, 14). At present, even in high-performing countries, there is diversity in speed limits used for particular road types, but most countries follow a hierarchical approach and adopt speed limits within the following levels: Higher speed roads: motorways, expressways and multi-lane divided highways ideally ensure no contact between motorized and non-motorized trafc and have barriers to separate opposing directions of trafc. In general they have the lowest rates of road injuries because of these features. In most high-income countries, speed limits are set at between 90130 km/h. Rural roads: single lane carriageways in rural areas include many different
types of roads, and speed limits in high-performing countries vary from 70100 km/h. These roads have much higher rates of injuries than higher speed roads, because of large differences in speed between various types of user. However, the wide range of denitions used to classify rural roads, and the fact that their speed needs to be adapted to different circumstances along the length of rural roads, makes it difcult to compare rural road safety across countries. Urban roads: roads in towns and cities are usually shared by pedestrians, cyclists, users of public transport as well as higher speed trafc. While 50 km/h is considered best practice for urban speed limits, there is much
13
evidence to support reducing these limits to 30 km/h as a way of trafc calming in areas with high pedestrian concentration. However, achieving this requires local authorities to have the authority allowing them to reduce speed limits that are set at a national level.
than half (47%) of the worlds population (see Figure 13). Between 2008 and 2011, six countries improved their urban speeding laws, protecting an additional 246 million people, but more effort is needed to encourage governments to adopt maximum urban speed limits of 50 km/h. Pedestrians and cyclists are especially at risk of an injury as a result of excessive vehicle speeds. This vulnerability means particular attention needs to be paid to speed limits in areas with high concentrations of these road users, such as around schools or in residential neighbourhoods (4, 14). Trafc calming measures that reduce vehicle speeds in these areas are proven effective in reducing road trafc injuries. For example, introducing 30 km/h zones in residential areas in the UK resulted
in overall vehicle speed reductions of 15 km/h and cut vehicle crashes with child pedestrians and cyclists by 67% (15). However, nearly half of all countries (82) lack enabling legislation that permits local authorities to modify national speed limits, thus limiting the ability of subnational governments to implement effective road safety measures within their jurisdictions. This is further reected in the low proportion of countries (37%) that have urban speed limits of 30 km/h or less around schools. Taken together, this means that just 59 countries both implement national urban speed limits of less than or equal to 50 km/h and allow local authorities to further reduce these limits where appropriate. These countries represent 2.67 billion people, or just 39% of the worlds population.
Reducing urban speeds protects pedestrians and cyclists

Setting speed limits according to the designated function of particular roads is an effective measure to reduce road trafc injuries. A number of countries considered leaders in road safety, such as Australia and Sweden, have adopted universal urban speed limits of 50 km/h, based on the effectiveness of this measure in reducing injuries and deaths. Although well over half of all countries (114) apply this urban speed limit, these countries represent less
Figure 13 Urban speed laws by country/area
National urban speed limits 50 km/h and can be modified National urban speed limits 50 km/h and cannot be modified Urban speed laws at subnational level Urban speed laws not comprehensive
Data not available Not applicable
14
Only 59 countries, covering just 39% of the worlds population (2.67 billion people), have implemented an urban speed limit of 50 km/h or less and allow local authorities to reduce these limits.
Speed limits need stronger enforcement

Although most countries have enacted national speed limit laws, their enforcement is often lacking: only
26 countries rate enforcement of their national speed limits at good (8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Even in high-income countries, which tend to have more nancial resources to dedicate to enforcement, speed law enforcement remains weak,
with only 20% of high-income countries reporting good enforcement. Enforcement of speed limits is essential for successfully developing safer driving behaviour and needs to be given increasing emphasis in most countries.
15
REDUCING DRINKING AND DRIVING

Drinkdrive laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration levels
Drinking and driving increases the risk of being involved in a crash, as well as the severity of resulting injuries. Driving starts to be impaired at very low levels of alcohol consumption, with the risk of crash involvement growing rapidly as consumption increases. The vast majority of adult drivers are affected or impaired with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)1 of 0.05 g/dl, while at a BAC level of 0.1 g/dl the crash risk is approximately ve times higher than that of someone with a BAC level of zero (16, 17). Young and novice drivers who drink and drive have a greatly increased risk of a crash compared to more experienced drivers (4, 18). The effects of alcohol impairment are magnied when combined with fatigue. This explains why alcohol is considered a particular risk for commercial drivers, who spend long hours on the road and also have legal responsibilities for the passengers or cargo they carry.
1 The amount of alcohol present in the bloodstream, usually measured in grams per decilitre (g/dl).
Strong drinkdrive laws protect almost 70% of worlds population

A variety of BAC limits are in place across the world. Setting and enforcing legislation on BAC limits of 0.05 g/dl can lead to signicant reductions in alcohol-related crashes (4, 19, 20). Since 2008, there has been progress in strengthening drink driving legislation: 89 countries, covering 66% of the worlds population (4.55 billion people), now have a comprehensive drinkdriving law, dened as a BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl or less, which is in line with best practice (see Figure 14). High-income countries are more likely to have a legal BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl or less (67%) than are middle- or low-income countries (49% and 21%, respectively). Even in the 17 countries where alcohol consumption is legally prohibited, a drinkdriving law based on a BAC of less than or equal to 0.05 g/dl is recommended, and is already in place in a number of countries, such as Mali, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. Nonetheless, there remains a need for more action in this
area: 34 of the worlds countries either have no drinkdriving law at all, or implement a law based on measures that are less robust than BAC (such as assessing a persons level of intoxication, using clinical signs and symptoms) (see Figure 14).
More stringent drinkdrive laws for high-risk drivers

Inexperienced young adults driving with a BAC level of 0.05 g/dl are more than twice as likely to have a road trafc crash than are more experienced drivers (18, 21), while commercial drivers are also considered a high-risk group for alcoholrelated crashes. Setting lower BAC limits (0.02 g/dl or less) for both groups is an effective means of reducing crashes related to drinkdriving (19) : 42 countries (23%) apply BAC limits of 0.02 g/dl or less among young and novice drivers, while the gure for commercial drivers is slightly higher, at 27%. High-income countries are more likely to have these laws in place than are low- or middle-income countries (see Figure 15).
Drinkdrive laws need stronger enforcement

Enforcement of drinkdriving laws has been shown to be more effective when it includes random breath tests for all drivers (not just those suspected of drinking), and when it is carried out at times and in locations when drinkdriving is more likely to occur (22, 23, 24). Such measures that increase drivers perception of the likelihood of being apprehended are key to the success of this intervention (22, 25). Random breath testing is used by 74% of the worlds countries to help enforce drinkdriving laws, but this gure varies with country income status, with 88% of
16
Since 2008, 10 countries have improved their drinkdriving laws to meet best practice (blood alcohol concentration of 0.05 g/dl or less), helping protect 186 million people.
Figure 14 Drinkdrive laws, by country/area
Blood alcohol concentration 0.05 g/dl Blood alcohol concentration >0.05 g/dl No drink-drive law/not based on blood alcohol concentration Drink-drive law at subnational level Alcohol consumption legally prohibited Data not available Not applicable
high-income, 77% of middle-income, and 45% of low-income countries adopting this practice. Despite global progress in strengthening drinkdriving legislation, only 39 countries rate their enforcement as good (8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10), indicating that better implementation of these laws needs urgent attention.
Almost half of all countries lack data on alcohol-related road trafc deaths
Assessing the contribution of drinkdriving to road trafc crashes in a country is an important tool in designing and targeting drinkdriving prevention work. However,
Figure 15 Proportion of countries with lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits for high-risk groups of drivers
50 45 40 Percentage (%) of countries 35 30 BAC young/novice 0.02 g/dl BAC commercial 0.02 g/dl
in many countries this information is unavailable or unreliable. Where data are collected, different methodologies are used. For example, some countries test all drivers killed in a road trafc crash for blood alcohol, while others test a sample from particular hospitals which may include those both injured and killed. These variations can both distort alcoholrelated gures and make comparing this information across countries problematic. Testing all fatally injured drivers for blood alcohol levels is considered best practice, but this occurs in only 73 countries. Just 52% of countries surveyed could provide some data on alcohol-related fatal road crashes.
20 15 10 5 0 High-income Middle-income Low-income
17
25
INCREASING MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE

Head injuries among motorcyclists are a growing concern
Rapid growth in the use of motorized twowheeled vehicles in many countries has been accompanied by increases in injuries and fatalities among their users (26). Motorcyclists comprise a third of all road trafc deaths in the South-East Asia and Western Pacic Regions, but are also increasingly represented among deaths in Africa and the Americas, which are seeing rapid increases in motorcycle use. Head and neck injuries are the main cause of severe injury, disability and death among motorcycle users. In European countries, head injuries contribute to approximately 75% of deaths among motorcycle users; in some low- and middle-income countries, head injuries are estimated to account for up to 88% of such fatalities. Wearing a standard, good quality motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death by 40% and the risk of serious injury by over 70% (27). Introducing and enforcing legislation on helmet use is effective at increasing helmet-wearing rates and reducing head injuries (28, 29). Progress has been made in the number of countries whose helmet laws apply both to motorcycle drivers and passengers, on all road types and regardless of engine type. This gure has risen from 131 countries in 2008 to 155 countries in 2011 (covering 88% of the worlds population). High-income countries are more likely to have enacted comprehensive helmet laws than are middle- and low-income countries. To effectively reduce the head injuries associated with motorcycle use, countries need to review their helmet legislation and tighten provisions that limit the coverage and potential effectiveness of such laws, so that all those using motorcycles are protected by the use of a helmet, at all times, on all roads and on all engine types. To be effective, helmet legislation needs to be supported by strong enforcement and social marketing campaigns (30) (see Box 4). While there has been progress in adopting helmet legislation globally, only about one-third of countries rate enforcement of helmet laws as good (8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10), showing that this critical component of road trafc safety remains neglected.
More effort is needed to promote helmet standards and quality

About half of all participating countries (98) apply a helmet standard. Helmets must meet recognized safety standards with proven effectiveness in reducing head injuries to reduce the impact of road trafc crashes. While there are a number of internationally recognized standards, it is important that a particular governments helmet standard is suitable for the trafc and weather conditions of the country, and is both affordable and available to users (26). Furthermore, governments need to ensure that mandatory helmet laws are linked to the helmet standard used, whether an international or country-specic standard. In this way, use of substandard helmets can be a violation of the law, and thereby incur penalties that will act as a deterrent. As illustrated in the Viet Nam case study (see Box 5), enforcing helmet standards can be complicated, and countries need to provide training to enforcement ofcers on how to identify substandard helmets.
90 countries, representing 77% of the worlds population, have a comprehensive helmet law covering all riders, all roads and all engine types, and apply a helmet standard.
18
Protect yourself from hefty nes and serious head injuries. Wear a helmet.
19
Taken together, this means that 90 countries meet both the criteria considered here as essential for comprehensive helmet legislation to be met, that is, they have implemented a helmet law that covers all road users, all road types and all engine types, and they apply a national or international helmet standard. In the Western Pacic and South East Asia regions, which have the highest proportion of motorcyclist deaths, the proportion of countries covered by such laws is 56% and 64% respectively.
Data on helmet wearing is weak

Countries need to implement measures to periodically assess helmet wearing rates, to target efforts and resources effectively, and to evaluate the effects of helmet programmes, including the impact of mandatory helmet legislation. In most countries, these data come from periodic observational studies conducted according to an acceptable study design that ensures the reliability and validity of results.
Only 69 countries have any type of data on rates of helmet wearing, either on drivers, passengers or both, with wearing rates ranging from under 10% in Ghana and Jamaica to almost 100% in the Netherlands and Switzerland. In particular, there is a lack of data on helmet-wearing rates from low-income countries in the African, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacic regions. Given the increasingly high proportion of motorcycle deaths globally, governments need to support data collection efforts that provide good estimates of helmet wearing rates on a regular basis in their countries.
Figure 16 Motorcycle helmet laws and helmet standards, by country/area
Comprehensive helmet law and standard Comprehensive helmet law but no/unknown standard Helmet law at subnational level Helmet law not comprehensive
20
21
INCREASING SEAT-BELT USE

Progress has been made in tightening up seat-belt laws
Failure to use a seat-belt is a major risk factor for road trafc injuries and deaths among vehicle occupants. When a motor vehicle crash occurs, a car occupant without a seat-belt will continue to move forward at the same speed at which the vehicle was travelling before the collision and will be catapulted forward into the structure of the vehicle most likely into the steering wheel column if driving, the dashboard if a front seat passenger, or the back of the front seats if a rear seat passenger (31, 32, 33). Alternatively, failure to use a seat-belt can cause drivers or passengers to be completely ejected from the vehicle, greatly increasing the risk of serious injury or death (4, 20, 34). Wearing a seat-belt reduces the risk of a fatal injury by 4050% for drivers and front seat occupants, and between 2575% for rear seat occupants (20, 35). Seat-belt wearing rates vary greatly between countries, and to a large extent are governed by the existence and enforcement of mandatory seat-belt laws. In many countries, drivers and front seat passengers are legally obliged to use seatbelts, but this does not always apply to rear seat occupants. While the vast majority of countries have legislation on mandatory seat-belt use, a
Seat-belts reduce the risk of a fatal injury by up to 50% for front seat occupants, and up to 75% for rear seat occupants.
Figure 17 Seat-belt laws, by country/area
National seat-belt law applies to all occupants Seat-belt law at subnational level No seat-belt law or law does not apply to all occupants
22
Progress has been made to protect rear-seat car occupants through implementation of comprehensive seat-belt laws: 111 countries (69% of the worlds population) now have comprehensive seat-belt laws covering all occupants.
number of countries do not apply these laws to both front and rear seat occupants. Comprehensive seat-belt laws covering all occupants are in place in 111 countries, meaning 69% of the worlds population (4.8 billion people) are fully protected by these laws (see Figure 17). Ten countries, covering 182 million people, put in place comprehensive seat-belt laws since 2008. But more needs to be done to convince political leaders and police authorities that seat-belt use can save lives, and to work to strengthen seat-belt legislation in line with best practice (see Box 6). legislation with strong and sustained police enforcement. Despite improvements in seat-belt legislation in many countries, much more is needed to improve enforcement: only a quarter of all countries rate their seat-belt enforcement as good (8 or above, on a scale of 0 to 10), showing that improved enforcement and public awareness campaigns on seat-belt use are needed to increase compliance with legislation. increase in seat-belt use is important to sustain political and community support for enforcement measures. Just under half of all countries have data on seat-belt wearing rates, with this number disproportionately lower in low- and middle-income countries (6% and 43%, respectively) compared to high-income countries (80%). Data that are disaggregated to show wearing rates among rear seat occupants separately from front seat occupants are useful for targeting programmes aimed at increasing rates among rear seat passengers.
Only half of countries collect seat-belt wearing data

Collecting information on seat-belt wearing rates is an important mechanism for countries to target resources and evaluate the effectiveness of seat-belt programmes. The ability to show an
Enforcing seat-belt laws needs more emphasis

To effectively increase seat-belt wearing rates, governments need to support
23
Figure 18 Proportion of all occupants wearing seat-belts in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

Proportion of all occupants wearing seat-belts 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Nov 2010 Apr 2011 Jul 2011 Nov 2011 May 2012 Oct 2012
Governor issued a decree encouraging all occupants to wear seat-belts
Seat-belt wearing is mandatory by law. There is no exemption for anybody, including me.
Governor of Afyonkarahisar
24
INCREASING THE USE OF CHILD RESTRAINTS

More countries need to adopt child restraint laws
Child restraint systems protect infants and young children from injury during a crash. Infants and children need child restraint systems that can accommodate their size and weight, and that can adapt to different stages of their development. Child restraints reduce the likelihood of a fatal crash by approximately 70% among infants and between 54% and 80% among young children (20, 36). Child restraints are not automatically installed in vehicles unlike seat-belts and must be purchased and tted by parents. This makes it more challenging to achieve high usage rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Appropriate child restraint use may be limited by access and cost, or be impractical because of large family size. In addition, parents must make a number of decisions about what type of child restraint to choose, where to place it and how to install it, which can also limit uptake. A lack of awareness about the benets of appropriate and correctly used restraints can restrict their effectiveness too. Over the past decade, vehicle safety technology has made an important contribution in improving correct installation of child restraints. In particular, to make the tting of child restraints in cars both simpler and more secure, the ISOFIX system of child restraints uses plug-in attachments rather than adult belts to secure the seat (37, 38).1 This requires sockets in vehicles and specially designed
1 ISOFIX (International Organisation for Standardisation), 1999.
seats, which is becoming standard in vehicle design across industrialized countries and has been an important factor in contributing to improved crash performance of cars (see Box 10, page 35). Ninety-six countries have a law requiring child restraints. The majority of highincome countries have child restraint laws in place, while such laws are far less common in low- and middle-income countries (see Figure 21). Most of the 51 European countries have enacted child restraint laws, but only one of 11 SouthEast Asia countries has passed such a law. Seven countries have passed a child restraint law since 2008. Enforcement of child restraint laws remains low in most countries: only 17 countries (9%) rate their enforcement of child
Figure 19 Proportion of countries with child restraint laws and good enforcement, by country income status
100 90 Proportion of countries (%); [number of countries] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 High-income
a
[6]
[57] [23] [31]
% Countries with no law or no data % Countries with law but inadequate enforcementa % Countries with law and good enforcement
[38] [12] [5] [10]
Middle-income
Low-income
<8 on a scale of 0 to 10, or no answer as reported by countries, see Explanatory note 2, page 46.
25
More than half of all countries have implemented a child restraint law, but these represent just 32% of the worlds population.
Figure 20 Child restraint law, by country/area
National child restraint law Child restraint law at subnational level No child restraint law
The majority of high-income countries (88%) have child-restraint laws in place, while such laws are far less common in low- and middle-income countries (30% and 43%, respectively).
restraint laws as good (8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10). Even in high-income countries, enforcement of child restraint laws is lacking, with just 12 countries (24%) rating enforcement of their laws as good (see Figure 20).
Encouraging child restraint use

Increasing the use of child restraints calls for adoption and enforcement of specic legislation mandating restraints appropriate for different age groups, as well as efforts to raise public awareness about risks associated with non-use of restraints. However, given that cost and
accessibility can limit child restraint use, governments need to explore ways to feasibly encourage uptake. These are particularly important in low- and middle-income countries, and may include mechanisms such as loan schemes, or the subsidized distribution of restraints in maternity wards. Governments need to take steps towards: adopting and enforcing specic legislation relating to restraints appropriate for different age groups; raising public awareness about the risks associated with non-use of restraints;
exploring mechanisms to encourage uptake of child restraints, given issues of cost and accessibility particularly in low- and middle-income countries; encouraging marketing of child restraints by vehicle manufacturers and retailers; collecting data on the extent of use of different types of child restraints.
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LEAD AGENCIES ARE VITAL TO DEVELOPING A NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY STRATEGY

Involving multiple sectors in national road safety efforts is critical
Countries need a lead agency for road safety, which should have the authority to make decisions, manage resources and coordinate efforts of all participating governmental sectors, including those of health, transport, education and law enforcement. Lead agencies may take the form of a designated stand-alone bureau, or a committee or cabinet representing several different government agencies (4). One hundred and sixty-two countries (89%) have a lead agency for road safety, of which 122 are funded. Most of these lead agencies (81%) fulll coordination functions, while 80% fulll legislative functions and 71% are involved in establishing data systems to monitor road safety and disseminate national statistics.
National road safety strategies should include targets to minimize injuries, deaths and key risk factors
The development of a national road safety strategy with precise targets and funding for implementation is a key element of sustained road trafc injury prevention efforts. Each country should have a road safety strategy that is multisectoral involving agencies concerned with transport, health, law enforcement, education and other relevant sectors and also multidisciplinary, involving both government and nongovernment stakeholders. Currently, 139 countries have a single or multiple national strategies on road safety. Governments also need to ensure sufcient resources to effectively develop, implement and monitor activities included in their national strategies: of 139 countries with national strategies, 119 are partially or fully funded.
Setting targets to improve and assess road safety performance has become increasingly important in a number of high-income countries (39). Targets that are realistic, attainable and time-bound can motivate stakeholders and hold road safety leaders accountable for achieving dened results (40). While 112 countries (62%) include fatality targets in their national strategies, only 62 countries (34%) include targets on non-fatal injuries in part due to the difculty in dening and counting non-fatal injuries (see Section 1, page 7). Governments should also include targets on intermediate outcomes in their strategies (e.g. increases in helmet wearing, reductions in drinkdriving) (40, 41): only a third of countries have data on all ve key risk factors. Setting interim targets can be very helpful in obtaining and sustaining community and political support for longer-term road safety measures as well as in identifying emerging issues (see Box 7), but requires that countries have and can continue to collect data on the interim measures.
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photo credit
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SECTION3
Transport policies neglect pedestrians and cyclists
Governments need to make walking and cycling safe

Rapid economic development in many lowand middle-income countries has led to increased motorization. Since 2007, there has been a 15% worldwide increase in the number of motorized vehicles. Globally, there are now more than 1.6 billion registered vehicles 47% of which are in high-income countries, 52% in middleincome countries and 1% in low-income countries (see page 5). Middle-income countries are motorizing most rapidly and now have more than half of the worlds registered vehicles, compared with 39% just three years ago. With increases in motorization, governments must balance their desire for increasing mobility with ensuring the safety of road users inside as well as outside motorized vehicles. The increasing number of motorized vehicles makes roads more dangerous for those road users who use alternative modes of transport notably those who walk, cycle and use motorcycles. In planning road construction projects, there has been insufcient attention given to preventing the negative effects of motorization from falling most heavily on these road users most at risk. For example, new multi-lane roads are often built to cut through communities without provision of safe routes and crossings for pedestrians, slowing trafc speeds, or dedicated lanes for cyclists (45).
In a number of countries, there is a growing policy interest in encouraging a better balance between private motorized transport and non-motorized transport. While such policies may be national, they are usually implemented at the subnational or municipal level. For example, some countries have national transport policies that aim to reduce trafc volume in urban areas by promoting walking and cycling, which mitigates congestion and thus improves mobility (see Box 8). Policies to encourage walking and cycling need additional criteria to ensure the safety of these road users. Encouraging children to walk to school without providing pavements or safe places to cross the road, or reducing the speed of trafc, could in fact lead to increased injuries. Promoting city cycling to reduce congestion cannot be encouraged if cyclists repeatedly nd that their lanes cut across oncoming trafc. Measures to separate walkers and cyclists from other road users in conjunction with speed management interventions are particularly important if such policies are to be successful. There has been some progress in implementing national or subnational policies to promote walking and cycling, with 68 countries having such policies (compared to 57 in 2008). However, only 79 countries have policies to protect vulnerable road users by physically separating them from high-speed road
users.1 As a result, many countries attempting to encourage walking and cycling as viable alternatives to motorized transport do not have infrastructure policies in place to ensure that walking and cycling are safe, and could potentially increase risks for road trafc injuries (see Figure 21). Infrastructure measures separating road users are also important to protect motorcyclists and are thus highly relevant to many low- and middle-income countries with high proportions of deaths among these road users. For example, a third of road trafc deaths in the Western Pacic Region occur among motorcycle users, yet only 36% of this regions Member States have policies in place to protect motorcyclists by separating them from high-speed trafc. Countries that can effectively reduce private motorized vehicle use, increase the appeal of walking and cycling and make associated infrastructure improvements to protect pedestrians and cyclists can reduce the risk of road trafc injuries. Additional co-benets can also result from such policies, including reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, reductions in trafc congestion, and benecial health outcomes associated with increased physical activity from walking and cycling.
1 Such measures include pedestrian lanes that have a protective barrier beside them, and lanes for cyclists, but may also include separate lanes that keep motorcycles away from high-speed trafc. As such they can impact all three types of vulnerable road user.
In the context of rapid global motorization, governments must work to increase safety and mobility for all road users, especially those most at risk.
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31
Safer roads reduce crash likelihood and severity

Road infrastructure projects are generally associated with increasing the mobility of motorized vehicles. However, ensuring implementation of a number of safety measures when road infrastructure projects are designed and facilitating their implementation during construction with earmarked funding can produce important safety gains for all road users. This is particularly true when road design, construction and maintenance are underpinned by a Safe System approach, i.e. where allowances are made that can help compensate for human error, and roads and roadsides are built in such a way that their physical characteristics minimize potential harmful consequences to all (40). This could include incorporating speed management measures in road infrastructure projects, such as trafc calming intended to limit the impact of a crash.
Road engineering and design can also inuence the risk of crash involvement and the severity of crashes that do occur. The design of new road construction projects should be checked to ensure that implementation will meet safety standards and to see if further design changes could prevent crashes. Already, 140 countries (77%) carry out some type of road safety audit on new road infrastructure projects. Existing road infrastructure should also be assessed for safety at regular intervals, with a focus on roads with the highest crash risk. An essential element of the road safety audit process is that it should be carried out separately by an independent authority (i.e. separate from the road designer or construction company), so that there is no conict of interest. Most countries (78%) carry out inspections on existing infrastructure projects (either on all or parts of their networks), but only half of these have assessments carried out by agencies independent from the bodies involved in the construction.
More needs to be done by governments to make their road infrastructures safer. Only 63 countries meet all three criteria specied here that is, they carry out road safety inspections on all new road infrastructure projects as well as on existing road infrastructure projects, and they ensure that assessments are conducted by independent assessors. Best practice road safety audits include an assessment of safety for all road users, including pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Crash risks for all vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists) should be reected in road safety audit and assessment results. For example, the International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) safety assessments use their road inspection data to provide star ratings for roads, with ve-star roads indicating the highest performance and lowest risk for injury.1 Star ratings are provided for vehicle occupants, motorcyclists, pedestrians
1 http://www.irap.net/about-irap-2/star-ratings
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and cyclists, while countries roads are assessed for the percentage that meet certain star ratings for each type of road user. Data from low- and middle-income countries included in these assessments show that about half the roads assessed in these countries are rated in the highest risk categories (i.e. one or two stars), largely attributable to the fact that 84% of the roads assessed where pedestrians are present have no footpaths.
encourage increased physical activity and thus promote health. However, a critical issue associated with promoting such measures is the need to ensure that these modes of transport are safe. Over 100 countries have national or subnational policies to invest in public transport (see Figure 21), although the safety of public transport systems was not evaluated. Public transport is considerably safer than private car travel in most high-income countries, but in many low- and middle-income countries with rapidly developing economies, growth in unregulated and unsafe public transport has led to increases in road trafc injuries among public transport users. Governments must ensure that public transport systems are safe, accessible and affordable. In this way reductions in congestion and improvements in mobility can be achieved concurrently with improvements in safety. Such a comprehensive approach is illustrated in a case study on Ahmedabad, India (see Box 9).
Action is needed to make vehicles safer for non-car road users

Vehicle safety standards are one means of protecting those outside the vehicle. However, until recently, most emphasis in vehicle safety has been on protecting those within the vehicles (see Box 10). Since the late 1970s, crash engineers have known that, in addition to reducing vehicle speeds, changing the shape and stiffness of vehicle fronts would signicantly reduce the severity of injuries sustained by pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists when hit by a vehicle. Now there is a global standard for pedestrian safety, as well as innovative technologies such as bonnet airbags and crash avoidance systems (e.g. autonomous emergency braking) that offer the prospect of improved safety for vulnerable road users.
Public transport can make mobility safer and reduce congestion

Safe public transport systems are increasingly viewed as important to improving mobility safety, particularly in urban areas with increasing trafc congestion. In many high-income cities, there has been strong political emphasis on decreasing individual car use through investments in public transport systems (see Box 9). Investing in safe public transport is also seen as a mechanism to
Figure 21 Proportion of countries with policies to encourage non-motorized modes of transport, by WHO region
90 80 70 Percentage (%) of countries 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region Western Pacic Region
Policy to promote walking and cycling Policy to promote investment in public transport Policy to separate vulnerable road users from high-speed trafc
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34
35
36
Conclusions and recommendations

This report shows that road trafc injuries remain a critical public health concern, as approximately 1.24 million deaths occurred on the worlds roads in 2010. However, it also illustrates the progress many countries have made to reduce road trafc deaths. This has occurred where political will has been translated into concerted and coordinated multisectoral actions that are based on evidence. But more action is needed, particularly in the following areas: The pace of legislative change is too slow Countries need to increase adoption of comprehensive legislation relating to key risk factors for road trafc injuries. There are minimum elements needed in national laws related to the key risk factors (speed, drinkdriving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints), and these should be rolled out in all countries. In addition, experience from high-performing countries has demonstrated that a continual process of legislative review to further strengthen laws can lead to additional benets. Between 2008 and 2011, 35 countries adopted new laws to address key risk factors, showing that concrete progress can be made. However, only 15% of all countries currently have comprehensive laws in all ve areas: the pace of legislative change needs to rapidly accelerate if the target of the United Nations General Assembly resolution is to be met (i.e. 50% of countries to have comprehensive legislation on key risk factors by 2020). Enforcement of strong road safety laws is essential for success Sufcient resources need to be provided to support enforcement of road safety laws to realize their full benet: currently enforcement of laws relating to key risk factors is considered poor in most countries. The use of strong social marketing campaigns can play an important role in increasing
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public understanding of and support for legislative measures. Reducing road trafc deaths requires more consideration of the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists Reducing the total number of global road trafc deaths requires that increased attention be paid to improving the safety of pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. Half of all road trafc deaths occur among these road users, and yet less than one third of all countries have put in place measures to promote forms of nonmotorized transport that will be safe for those using them. Governments must actively address the safety and mobility needs of these more vulnerable road users, and consider how non-motorized forms of transport can be safely
integrated into more sustainable and safer transport systems. In addition, there are a number of other areas that governments need to address to ensure the implementation of the Global plan of Action for the Decade of Action for Road Safety. These include making road infrastructure safer, intensifying work to improve the proportion of vehicle eets that meet international crash testing standards, and improving post-crash care. The recommendations outlined in the Global plan of Action could serve as a basis for discussion and agreement on ofcially endorsed targets and indicators on these areas, which will assist with both implementation and future monitoring. The report has also highlighted the need for continued efforts to be made toward improving the quality of data on road
trafc deaths, injuries, and on interim indicators. Coordination of these multiple efforts by a well-resourced lead agency is recommended, such that activities are detailed in a multisectoral national strategy that includes specic targets to allow accurate monitoring and evaluation of outcomes and outputs. The decision to proclaim a Decade of Action for Road Safety was adopted unanimously at the UN General Assembly in 2010. While much progress has been made in improving road safety in a number of countries, considerable work will be needed for the goals and objectives of the Decade of Action to be realized. There is a strong evidence base on what interventions work government action is now the key to ensure their implementation.
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References
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22. Elder RW et al. Effectiveness of sobriety checkpoints for reducing alcohol-involved crashes. Trafc Injury Prevention, 2002, 3:266 274. 23. Henstridge J, Homely R, Mackay P. The long-term effects of random breath testing in four Australian States: a time series analysis. Canberra, Australia, Federal Ofce of Road Safety, 1997. 24. Mathijssen, MPM. Drink driving policy and road safety in the Netherlands: a retrospective analysis. In: Transportation Research Part E 41, 2005:395408. 25. Police enforcement strategies to reduce trafc casualties in Europe. Brussels, European Transport Safety Council, 1999. 26. Toroyan T et al, eds. Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2006 (www.who.int/roadsafety/projects/manuals/helmet_manual/en/index.html), accessed 22 February 2013). 27. Liu B et al. Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, issue 5. 28. Kraus J, Peek C, Williams A. Compliance with the 1992 California motorcycle helmet-use law. American Journal of Public Health, 1995, 85:9698. 29. Servadei F et al. Effect of Italys motorcycle helmet law on traumatic brain injuries. Injury Prevention, 2003, 9:257260. 30. Mayrose J. The effects of a mandatory motorcycle helmet law on helmet use and injury patterns among motorcyclist fatalities. Journal of Safety Research, 2008, 39:429432. 31. Dinh-Zarr B et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety-belts. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2001, 21:4865. 32. Broughton J. The threat posed by unrestrained rear seat car passengers. Crowthorne, United Kingdom, Transport Research Laboratory Ltd, 2003 (TRL Report 563). 33. Mac Mahon K et al, eds. Seat-belts and child restraints: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. London, Foundation for the Automobile and Society, 2009 (www.who.int/roadsafety/projects/manuals/seatbelt/en/index.html, accessed 22 February 2013). 34. Evans L. Safety belt effectiveness: the inuence of crash severity and selective recruitment. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1996, 28:423433. 35. Zhu M et al. Association of rear seat safety belt use with death in a trafc crash: a matched cohort study. Injury Prevention, 2007, 13:183185. 36. Zaza S et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2001, 21:3137. 37. Charlton JL et al. A preliminary evaluation of child restraints and anchorage systems for an Australian car. Annual Proceedings of the Association for Advanced Automotive Medicine, 2004, 48:7386. 38. Bilston L et al. Improved protection for children in forward-facing restraints during side impacts. Trafc Injury Prevention, 2005, 6:135146. 39. Assessing risk and setting targets and transport safety programmes. Brussels, European Transport Safety Council, 2003 (www.etsc. be/documents/riskassess.pdf, accessed 24 January 2013). 40. Towards zero: Ambitious road safety targets and the Safe System approach. Paris, OECD/ITF, 2008. 41. Quantitative road safety targets. SafetyNet, 2009 (http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/specialist/knowledge/pdf/ quantitative_road_safety_targets.pdf, accessed 24 January 2013).
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
1 Methodology, data collection and validation 2 Country prole explanations 3 Estimating global road trafc deaths
EXPLANATORY NOTE 1
METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND VALIDATION

Methodology
The methodology used to generate the data and information in this report is consistent with that used in the rst Global status report on road safety 2009 (1). It involved collecting data from a number of different sectors and stakeholders in each country according to the following process. National Data Coordinators (NDCs) were trained in the project methodology. They were required to identify up to eight other road safety experts within their country from different sectors and to facilitate a consensus meeting of these respondents. While each expert responded to the questionnaire in their individual capacity, the consensus meeting facilitated by NDCs allowed for discussion of all responses, and the group used this discussion to agree one nal set of information that best represented their countrys situation at the time (up to 2011, using the most recent data available). This was then submitted to the World Health Organization (WHO), see Figure E1.
Figure E1 Methodology
Global and regional level coordination
National Data Coordinator in each country/area
Group of 8 respondents from health, police, transport, NGOs and/or academia
National consensus meeting
One national dataset
Global Status Report

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Table E1 shows that in total, 182 countries participated in the survey. While most countries followed the standard methodology described on page 42, in 13 countries (Andorra, Australia, Brunei, Cte dIvoire, Denmark, DPR Korea, France, Germany, Japan, Martial Islands, Niue, Sierra Leone, and Switzerland) the questionnaire was completed by the National Data Coordinator (NDC) but no consensus meeting was held.
Table E1 Participation in the survey, by WHO region and income groupa

Total number of countriesb 46 36 11 22 53 27 195
WHO region African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region Eastern Mediterranean Regionc,d European Region Western Pacic Regione GLOBAL
Participating countriesb 44 (1 HIC, 18 MIC, 25 LIC) 32 (6 HIC, 26 MIC, 0 LIC) 11 (0 HIC, 7 MIC, 4 LIC) 19 (6 HIC, 12 MIC, 1 LIC) 51 (30 HIC, 19 MIC, 2 LIC) 25 (6 HIC, 18 MIC, 1 LIC) 182 (49 HIC, 100 MIC, 33 LIC)
% of population 95.1 98.5 100.0 97.2 99.4 98.7 98.6
Non-participating countriesb Algeria, Eritrea Antigua & Barbuda, Grenada, Haiti, Puerto Rico
Djibouti, Libya, Somalia Monaco, Turkmenistan Nauru, Tuvalu 13
HIC = high-income countries; MIC = middle-income countries; LIC = low-income countries a See Table A2 in Statistical Annex for information on WHO regions and income level classications. b Includes United Nations Member States, Associate Member States, as well as non-member areas. c Includes one non-member area, the West Bank and Gaza Strip. d Includes Sudan: while South Sudan became an independent state in July 2011 and a WHO Member State in September 2011, the reported data shown here relate to pre-July 2011. Thus the term Sudan as used here only refers to the state as it existed prior to July 2011. e Includes one Associated Member State, Tokelau.
Data collection and validation

The questionnaire used for this report was based on the 2009 questionnaire, allowing data and information to be compared over time. However, some questions were modied to improve the quality of responses, while new questions were added to include indicators on a number of new issues. Some new issues were included to allow a more comprehensive evaluation of targets linked to the objectives and specic activities included in the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety (20112020). The questionnaire used differed from the 2009 version in the following ways: It allowed for more information to be collected on the role of lead agencies, and on targets included in national road safety strategies. It included a number of new indicators in the section on vehicle safety. It included a new section on the use of mobile phones while driving, given the increasing recognition of this as an important risk factor. It had an extended post-crash section. It gathered information on the breakdown of data on road traf c fatalities by age group. The questionnaire was pilot tested in three countries Israel, the Philippines and Viet Nam and can be downloaded with an accompanying instruction booklet at http://who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/methodology/en/index.html
The questionnaire, protocol and accompanying guidelines and training materials were all available in the six WHO languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish). Where needed, NDCs coordinated the translation of these documents into local languages and then translated back into English for the data entry stage.
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Data collection began in May 2011 and was completed by December 2011. Validation involved checking data for logical inconsistencies, and these were checked with National Data Coordinators. Following the validation process, nal data sets were sent to respective governments for review and sign-off. Interpreting legislative data This report collected information on a number of variables relating to legislation on the ve key risk factors (speed, drinkdriving, helmets, seat-belts and child restraints). For each of these risk factors, certain criteria were considered to be essential components of comprehensive legislation. It should be noted that other criteria may be equally important, but for practical reasons such information could not be collected as part of this survey. Thus the denition of comprehensive legislation used in this report included: Speed = A national speed limit law with urban speed limits of 50 km/h and the ability of local authorities to reduce speed limits where appropriate. Drinkdriving = A national drinkdriving law based on Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC, and where the BAC limit for the general population is 0.05 g/dl). Motorcycle helmets = A national motorcycle helmet law that covers all riders, on all roads and all engine types, and requires an international or national helmet standard. Seat-belts = A national seat-belt law that applies to all private car occupants (front and rear seats). Child restraints = A national child restraint law. Countries where legislation is set at a subnational level were considered to have comprehensive legislation if all states or provinces met the criteria described above. Where the data suggested that legislative changes had taken place between 2008 and 2011, these were double checked by asking NDCs to conrm such changes. Where possible the actual legislative texts were obtained to ascertain whether there was a true change in the law. In some cases, this led to corrections being made to the earlier (2008) data points. As a result of these corrections, gures of countries having comprehensive legislation in 2008 were corrected to allow for accurate comparisons with the 2011 data.
References
1. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_ prevention/road_safety_status/2009/en/index.html, accessed 7 February 2013).
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EXPLANATORY NOTE 2
COUNTRY PROFILE EXPLANATIONS
The country proles shown on pages 53 to 236 to y present a selection of core information about road safety, as reported by each of the 182 participating countries/areas. The country proles are presented in alphabetical order. Additional national data can also be found in the Tables of the Statistical Annex (Tables A2A10). Data reported for population were extracted from the United Nations Population Division database (1), while gross national income (GNI) per capita for the year 2010 came from World Bank estimates (2). Where no data were available for 2010, published data for the latest year were used. The World Bank Atlas method was used to categorize GNI into bands thus: low-income = US$ 1005 or less middle-income = US$ 1006 to US$ 12 275 high-income = US$ 12 276 or more. Flags were obtained from the World Flag Database (http://www.ags.net). Flags as of 31 December 2010 were used (to correspond with the year of data collection). The sections below reect the way information is structured in each of the Country Proles. They include details on how data on certain variables are presented and should be interpreted. Variables were coded as if the information was unavailable or non-applicable, or if respondents had ticked a Dont know response.
Institutional framework
Information on the existence of a national road safety strategy is indicated as Yes or No: countries where national strategy development is underway but has not yet been approved or endorsed by government are indicated as No. Where countries indicated that they have a fatality reduction target, information on this target is included. Specic fatality targets are indicated either as absolute numbers of deaths, or as a rate per 100 000 population. Safer roads and mobility Information on road safety audits of new road infrastructure projects is reported as Yes or No. Information on road safety audits on existing road infrastructure projects is reported as Yes, Parts of road network, or No. Safer vehicles Information about the total number of vehicles in the country includes only registered vehicles, and various categories of such vehicles. In a few countries the number of vehicles in subcategories did not add up to the total number provided. In some countries, respondents noted that a substantial proportion of the vehicle eet may not be registered. Data Only reported numbers of road traf c deaths are included in the Country Pro les. Footnotes indicate what the source of data is and what denition was used. Due to footnote space constraints, the data source has been summarized as Police, Transport, Health or Vital registration records, or Combined sources. Data from different countries are not necessarily comparable, as different de nitions and timeframes have been used (these are noted in the footnotes). For more comparable data please see Table A2 in the Statistical Annex.
45
The proportion of deaths where the sex was unknown has not been reported in the pro les. Proportions may not add up to 100% due to rounding or because only partial information was received. The standard colour coding of the pie charts used to represent road user deaths in the categories requested in the questionnaire is shown below. Additional categories are represented by non-standard colours as indicated in the specic Country Proles. Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers Drivers/passengers heavy trucks Drivers/passengers buses Cyclists Pedestrians Other/unspecied
Some countries classi ed road traf c fatalities according to the vehicle or road user at fault rather than according to who died. In such cases these categories are presented in the pie charts. Graphs on road traf c fatality trends are shown either as road traf c death rates per 100 000 population (solid line) or as an absolute number of road trafc deaths (dotted line), depending on which data were supplied by the country. While many countries track decades worth of trend data, only a 10-year period is depicted here. For countries providing less than 4 years road traf c fatality trend data, this information is presented in a tabular format instead of a graph. Safer road users Road classi cations (in particular the de nition of an urban road, a rural road and a highway) varied greatly from country to country. Respondents were asked to report on the speed limits of different kinds of road according to the denitions used in the country concerned. Speed limits reported here (and in the statistical tables) are for private passenger cars only and have been converted to kilometre per hour. Countries that reported a range for speed limits relating to particular road types are indicated as such. Respondents were asked, as individuals, to rate the effectiveness of enforcement of various elements of national road safety legislation based on their professional opinion or perception. The group of respondents then reached consensus on an enforcement score. These agreed-upon responses on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is not effective and 10 is highly effective are presented here. It should be noted that these scores are subjective and should be seen only as an indication of how enforcement is perceived in the country. Many respondents expressed difculty in assessing law enforcement at a national level since it often varies from region to region within a country and the intensity of the enforcement may vary at different times. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits refer to the maximum amount of alcohol legally acceptable in the blood of a driver on the road i.e. the blood alcohol level above which a driver may be punished by law. This gure is provided for the general population, young/novice drivers, and for professional/commercial drivers in grams per decilitre (g/dl). This survey gathered information on drinkdriving laws regardless of the legal status of alcohol in the country. Where alcohol consumption was legally prohibited in a country, this is indicated by a footnote. BAC limits are reported as for countries that have a drinkdriving law but do not dene drinkdriving by BAC, and by a footnote. Some countries reported that while they do not conduct random breath testing or regular police checkpoints, there may be breath testing of those drivers who are suspected of driving while impaired. Such countries have a footnote indicating that further investigation of these cases may be conducted. For information presented on motorcycle helmet-wearing rates, note that drivers is taken to mean those driving the motorcycles, while riders is understood to include both drivers and passengers. The most disaggregated data are presented here, i.e. separate gures are provided for drivers and passengers where this information was provided. Note that the information provided for drivers and passengers does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. For information on seat-belt wearing rates, the most disaggregated information is presented here, i.e. separate gures are provided for front seat and rear seat occupants where this information was made available. Where respondents provided explanatory information on these data, for example, a source or information on geographical coverage, this information is summarized in the
46
footnotes. Note that the information provided for front seat and rear seat occupants does not necessarily represent the same year, nor come from the same source, as indicated in the corresponding footnotes. Only the presence of a national child restraint law is noted and what the enforcement level of this law is estimated to be. Information about laws on mobile phone use while driving is included for the rst time. Only information on whether the law bans hand-held and/or hands-free is included. Post-crash care The section on post-crash care indicates whether or not a vital registration system was functional in the country. The variable does not indicate coverage or completeness of this system. The emergency-room based injury surveillance system variable only indicates whether there was a system in place and not whether it was national or sentinel in nature. Emergency access telephone numbers are given only if ONE national number was provided. If countries reported multiple national numbers then multiple numbers is noted in the corresponding eld but the actual numbers are not provided. The proportion of those transported by ambulance was based on expert opinion. The proportion of those disabled as a result of a road traf c crash is only included if a robust source of information was available, however, this was not necessarily national. The variables on emergency medicine training refer to a formal, recognized training for doctors and a formal post-graduate training for nurses. Other non-formalized trainings may exist, but are not captured in the information presented here.
References
1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. World population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, Highlights. New York, United Nations, 2011. 2. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2012 [website], http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP. CD/countries.
47
EXPLANATORY NOTE 3
ESTIMATING GLOBAL ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS
Various types of road trafc death data are presented in this report: reported data adjusted data comparable estimates. Reported data Data reported by countries is presented in the Country Proles only and includes the source of the data as well as the time denition used. Adjusted data Various time denitions are used by countries ranging from died on the scene to unlimited. To mitigate the effects of this and to harmonize data from various sources, the data were adjusted to 30 days (1) and presented in Table A2 in the Statistical Annex. Comparable estimates Estimates (and their corresponding 95% Condence Intervals) were generated to compensate for underreporting in some countries, and to estimate road trafc deaths for all WHO Member States for the year 2010. For the Global status report on road safety 2009, WHO used a regression model based on reported road trafc deaths for countries classied as having good vital registration (VR) systems (a marker of good statistical systems), plus a set of covariates to predict road trafc deaths for year 2007 for the 178 participating countries (2). These data were published in 2009 and the exact methodology is outlined in the Report (see http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/data/explanatory_notes.pdf). For the Global status report on road safety 2013, the previous estimation methods were improved in the following three ways: 1 only death registration data reported to WHO by Member States that met a certain quality criteria were used; 2 reported road trafc deaths provided by Member States from their ofcial road trafc databases were included in the model; 3 the regression model used to estimate road trafc deaths was modied (see Group 4 explanation on page 49). The regression model used death registration data for the period 19502010 that were 80% or more complete for a given year, or where the average completeness for the last decade was greater or equal to 80%. Death registration information is submitted to WHO regularly by Ministries of Health from around the world, and most is coded using the International Classication of Diseases (ICD) 9th or 10th revisions (3, 4). The regression model produced estimates of total road trafc deaths according to the accepted ICD denition, which counts all deaths that follow from a road trafc crash, regardless of the time period in which they occur (unlike many ofcial police/transport road trafc surveillance databases, where road trafc death data is based on a denition of 30-days following a road trafc crash). Where total deaths reported by the survey were greater than the deaths estimated from the regression or from death registration data, these were used.
48
The exact methods used for the four groups of countries are described below.
Group 1: Countries with death registration data

This group includes 87 countries with death registration data meeting one of the following completeness criteria: completeness for the year estimated at 80% or more, or average completeness for the decade including the country-year of 80% or more. Total road trafc deaths were calculated as follows from the death registration data and population data reported to WHO. Injury deaths classied as undetermined intent were redistributed pro-rata across all unintentional and intentional injury categories within age-sex groups. These data were then used to compute age-sex-specic death rates for road trafc deaths. Where completeness was assessed at less than 100%, death rates were adjusted for incompleteness by multiplying by (100/completeness %). These death rates were applied to the UN estimates of population by 5-year age group and sex (5) to estimate total road trafc deaths for each country-year. These countries fell into four categories: 1 For countries with death registration data for the year 2010 that exceeded the number of road trafc deaths reported in the survey, death registration data were used. There were 33 countries in this category. 2 For countries where the latest death registration data submitted to WHO were earlier than 2010, but not earlier than 2005, deaths for 2010 were estimated based on a projection of the most recent death registration data using the trends obtained through the survey. There were 40 countries in this category. 3 For countries where the reported road trafc deaths for 2010 obtained through the survey exceeded the estimate based on death registration data, reported road trafc deaths (adjusted to the 1-year denition) were used. There were 12 countries in this category. 4 For countries with reported road trafc death data for 2009 or earlier, and with death registration data for 2010 where the projected reported deaths for that year exceeded the 2010 death registration estimate, projected reported deaths were used. There were two countries in this category.
Group 2: Countries with other sources of information on causes of death

For India, Iran, Thailand and Viet Nam, data on total deaths by cause were available for a single year or an earlier recent single year or group of years. These data sources are documented in Annex B of the Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update report (6). For these countries, the regression method described for Group 4 was used to project forward from the most recent year for which an estimate of total road trafc deaths was available.
Group 3: Countries with populations less than 150 000

For 13 small countries with populations of less than 150 000 people the deaths reported in the survey were used directly, without adjustment.
Group 4: Countries without eligible death registration data

For 78 countries that did not fall into Groups 1, 2 or 3, a regression model was used to estimate total road trafc deaths. As in the rst report, a negative binomial regression model was used appropriate for modelling non-negative integer count data (number of road trafc deaths) (7, 8). A likelihood ratio test was used to assess that the negative binomial model provided a better t to the data than a Poisson model (where the variance of the data is constrained to equal the mean).
49
ln N = C + 1 X1 + 2 X 2 + .... + n X n + ln Pop +
where N is the total road trafc deaths (for a country-year), C is a constant term, X1 are a set of explanatory covariates, Pop is the population for the country-year, and is the negative binomial error term. Population was used as exposure, making it possible to interpret the coefcients (1) for the independent variables as effects on rates rather than a count. In a previous study, this type of model was used to represent accident proneness (9). Other authors have also found a negative binomial regression model to be the appropriate for count data such as road trafc fatalities (10). The parameters 1, 2 n (in the equation above) were estimated by tting the negative binomial regression model to estimated total road trafc deaths from death registration data for all country-years in the range 1950-2010 meeting the completeness criteria (Group 1). Three models (Models A, B and C) were chosen that had good in-sample and out-of-sample t, and for which all the covariates were statistically signicant and for which overall estimation is the average of the prediction of these three best models (see Table E2). For these countries a 95% condence interval was given by using the negative binomial regression in the statistical package STATA. Table E2 Covariates used in the model
Included in models Models A, B, C Models A, B, C Models A, B, C Models A, B, C Models A, B, C
Independent variables ln (GDP) ln (vehicles per capita) Road density National speed limits on rural roads
Description WHO estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (international dollars or purchasing power parity dollars, 2005 base) Total vehicles per 1000 persons Total roads (km) per 1000 hectares
Source of information WHO database GSRRS surveys and WHO database International Futures database (11) GSRRS survey GSRRS survey Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation dataset (12) WHO database World Population Prospects 2010 revision (UNDESA) GSRRS survey
The maximum national speed limits on rural roads (km/h) from WHO questionnaire maximum national speed limits National speed limits on urban The on urban roads (km/h) from WHO roads questionnaire Health system access variable (principal component score based Health system access on a set of coverage indicators for each country) Alcohol apparent Litres of alcohol (recorded plus consumption unrecorded) per adult aged 15+ Proportion of population aged 1516 Population working years Percentage of total vehicles that are Percentage motorbikes motorbikes Control of corruption index (units range from about 2.5 to +2.5 with Corruption index higher values corresponding to better control of corruption National policies for walking / Existence of national policies that cycling encourage walking and/or cycling Total population (used as offset in Population negative binomial regression)
Models A, B, C Models A, B, C Models A, B, C Model B
World Bank (13), International Model B Futures database (11) GSRRS survey World Population Prospects 2010 revision (5) Model C Models A, B, C
Following the computation of estimates of road trafc deaths for 2010, a country consultation process was undertaken. Each country was provided with an opportunity to comment on both the methodology which had been employed to compute the estimate, as well as the actual estimate received. As a result of this process, seven countries (Canada, Chile, China (14), Costa Rica, India (15), Iran and the USA) provided WHO with more up to date data which was used to improve estimates. Table E3 provides an overview of the method used for each of the 182 countries that participated in the survey.
50
Table E3 Overview of methods used to obtain comparable country estimates

Group 1 Countries with good death registration data Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, The FYR of Macedonia, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, West Bank and Gaza Strip, Zimbabwe
For specic methods used for each country, see web appendix, at http://who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/methodology/en/index.html
Group 2 Countries with other sources of cause of death information India, Iran, Thailand, Viet Nam
Group 3 Countries with populations less than 150 000 Andorra, Cook Islands, Dominica, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Niue, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Tonga
Group 4 Countries without eligible death registration data Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cte dIvoire, DPR Korea, DR Congo, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, TimorLeste, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia
51
References
1. Economic Commission for Europe Intersecretariat Working Group on Transport Statistics. Glossary of transport statistics, 3rd ed. New York, NY, United Nations Economic and Social Council, 2003 (TRANS/WP.6/2003/6). 2. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_ prevention/road_safety_status/2009/en/index.html, accessed 7 February 2013). 3. International Classication of Diseases 9th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1975. 4. International Classication of Diseases 10th Revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1990. 5. World population prospects: The 2010 Revision, Highlights. New York, Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 2011. 6. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_ burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/, accessed 7 February 2013). 7. Law TH. The effects of political governance, policy measures and economic growth on the Kuznets relationship in motor vehicle crash deaths [thesis]. London, University of London, 2009. 8. Hilbe JM. Negative binomial regression. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007. 9. Greenwood M, Yule GU. An enquiry into the nature of frequency distributions representative of multiple happenings with particular reference to the occurrence of multiple attacks of disease or of repeated accidents. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 1920, 83:255279. 10. Karlaftis MG, Tarko AP. Heterogeneity considerations in accident modeling. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1998, 30:425433. 11. The International Futures (IFs) modeling system, version 6.5.4 [online system]. University of Denver, Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies (www.ifs.du.edu, accessed 7 February 2013). 12. Myerson R et al. Safe pregnancy and delivery: a systematic analysis of the trends in the coverage of antenatal and intrapartum care. Presentation at Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference 2011: Controversies, Innovation, Accountability, Seattle, Washington, 1416 March 2011. 13. Kaufmann D, Kraay A, Mastruzzi M. Governance matters VIII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators, 19962008 (Policy Research Working Paper 4978). Washington, DC, The World Bank Development Research Group, June 2009. 14. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, [National Disease Surveillance System monitoring causes of death 2010]. Beijing, Military Medical Science Press, 2012. 15. Causes of death in India in 20012003. New Delhi, Registrar General of India, Government of India, 2009.
52
COUNTRY PROFILES
AFGHANISTAN
Population: 31 411 742 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: US$ 410
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
c
SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars
a
731 428 471 804 84 507 120 082 54 644 391 No No a No
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Noc 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl No No No No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited.
No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No Subnational 10% No No
DATA
Reported road trafc fatalities (2010) Estimated GDP lost due to road trafc crashes
b
1 396b, 65%M, 11%F
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash.
DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY

1600
TRENDS IN ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
Number of road trafc deaths
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
D ATA N O T AVA I L A B L E
Source: Database of Road Trafc Accidents from General Trafc Police Department.
Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
55
ALBANIA
Population: 3 204 284 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 970
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Interministerial Committee of Road Safety Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 50% (number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
419 893 340 719 24 022 40 312 7 032 7 808 No No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 21%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 65% All ridersd 40% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 62% Front seatsd 2% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Road Policy Directory. 2010, Civil Society of Road Safety Monitoring.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 127 10% Yes No
DATA
b
352b , 78%M, 22%F

Other (1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (36%)
14
Deaths per 100 000 population
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (26%) Cyclists (4%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%)
Source: Public Order Ministry, Road Policy Directory.
Source: Public Order Ministry, Road Policy Directory.
56
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health.
12
ANDORRA
Population: 84 865 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: US$ 41 750
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Transport and Road Operations No Yes Partially funded Yes
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Subnational Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
70 914 56 661 13 091 954 208 0 Yes No a Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 0%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 98% Driversc 98% Passengersc Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 60% Front seatsc 10% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police Department.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers 75% No No
DATA
b
3b, 100%M, 0%F
2010, Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash.

Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (67%) Pedestrians (33%)
7

Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Police Department.
Source: Police Department.
57
ANGOLA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The Police Headquarter through the National Department for Road Trafc (DNVT) Yes Yes
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.06 g/dl 0.06 g/dl 0.06 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
212 467 No No Yes Yesa
Legislation different depending on age of second hand car.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 116 10% Yes Yes
DATA
b c
3 112b 9%c
Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash. 2010, DNVT PN MININT (Ministry of Home Affairs).

6000
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Source: 2010, DNVT PN MININT (Ministry of Home Affairs).
58
ARGENTINA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Agency (ANSV) Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20082012) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 14 163 125 Yes No Yes No
Yes Yes No 4060 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 33%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 46% Driversc 24% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 29% Front seatsc 11% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
2009, National Road Safety Agency. 2011, National Survey Study of helmet, seat-belt use and distracting factors.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
5 094a, 80%M, 20%F

Other (6%)
16

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Road Safety Agency.
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (15%) Drivers (all vehicles) (44%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (10%)
Source: 2004/2008, RENAT (National Registry of Trafc Record) 2008/2010, National Directorate of Road Trafc Observaroty, ANSV.
Passengers (all vehicles) (25%)

Source: 2010, National Directorate of Road Trafc Observaroty, ANSV.
59
ARMENIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council of RA Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20092014) 10%
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
300 091 247 723 28 40 924 11 396 20 No No a No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 6%d Yes Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Road Accident Registration Cards of Road Police of RA.
POST-CRASH CARE DATA

Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 1149% Yes Yes
b c
294b, 79%M, 21%F 1%c
Police records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period). 2006, Road Safety Management Capacity and Investment Needs (September 2006) ECSSD, World Bank.


14 12 10 8 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting. Data not cleared. 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (33%)
Pedestrians (44%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (21%)

Source: 2010, Road Police of RA.
Source: Road Police of RA.
60
AUSTRALIA
Population: 22 268 384 Income group: High Gross national income per capita: US$ 46 200
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Infrastructure and Transport Yes Yes Not funded Yes (20112020) At least 30% annually (number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 16 061 098 14 729 873 660 107 397 871 86 367 186 880 Yes Yes Yes No
Yes Subnational Yes 50 km/hc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Subnational 0.05 g/dld 0 g/dle 0 g/dle Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 30%f Subnational Yesg Yesg 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 99% Driversh Subnational Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 97% Front seatsi 92% Rear seatsi Subnational 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Subnational Yes No
d e f g
h i
All states and territories have a default speed limit of 50 km/h in built-up areas. All except Western Australia and the Northern Territory have a default speed limit of 100 km/h on other roads. These default speed limits apply unless signs specify a different limit. All states and territories have a consistent BAC limit of 0.05 g/dl for the general population. All states and territories have zero BAC requirements for young, novice and professional drivers. 20022006, Department of Infrastructure and Transport. Motorcycle helmets are required in all jurisdictions, for drivers and adult and child passengers, on all roads and road related areas and with all engine types. Motorcycle helmets must comply with Australian Standard 1698. 1997, Haworth, N, et al. Case-Control Study of Motorcycle Crashes, CR174. 2009, Petroulias, T. Community Attitudes to Road Safety: 2009 Survey report.
DATA
a b
POST-CRASH CARE
1 363a, 72% M, 28% F 1.7%b Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 000 75% Yes Yes
Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by Department of Infrastructure and Transport.
Police records. Died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Dept of Infrastructure and Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE).

Other (<1%) Pedestrians (13%) Cyclists (3%)
Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (47%)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 Source: 2010, Department of Infrastructure and Transport, Australian Road Deaths Database.

Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (21%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Department of Infrastructure and Transport and Regional Economics (BITRE).
61
AUSTRIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry for Transport, Innovation & Technology Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 6 091 881 4 457 000 711 977 828 792 9 648 84 464 Yes No Yes No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 6%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 95% All ridersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 86% Front seatse 65% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Statistik Austria. 2007, Austrian Road Safety Board. 20082010, Kuratorium fr Verkehrssicherheit.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 112 75% 3.2% Yes No
DATA
a b
552a, 74%M, 26%F 3.9%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2006, Statistik Austria, Accident Costs (Forschungsarbeiten Verkehrswesen, Bd. 177).

Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Other (3%)
14
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (18%)
Cyclists (6%)
Source: Statistik Austria.

Source: 2010, Statistik Austria.
62
12
AZERBAIJAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target State Road Police Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
982 553 815 683 1 643 118 460 29 569 17 198 No No a No
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 31%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
2010, State Road Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 103 75% 2.5% Yes Yes
DATA
b
925b, 80%M, 20%F
Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash.

Other (1%)
14
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (36%)
Cyclists (1%)
Source: State Statistical Committee.
Source: 2010, State Statistical Committee and State Road Police.
63
12
BAHAMAS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Trafc Department Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20062012) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
131 365 125 472 821 4 285 787 0 a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 5074% Yes
DATA
b
44b, 75%M, 25%F
Police records. Dened as died within a year of crash.

Pedestrians (18%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%)
70

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Road Trafc Department.
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cyclists (2%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (27%)
Source: 2010, Royal Bahamas Police Force Trafc Division.
Source: 2010, Royal Bahamas Police Force Trafc Division.
64
BAHRAIN
Lead agency General Directorate of Trafc, Ministry of Interior Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yes (20062016) Fatality reduction target 30%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
462 015 432 792 7 749 11 050 10 424 0 No No a Yes
No Yes No 6080 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 2%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23% Driverse No Yes Yes No
Not based on BAC. 2010, GDT (General Directorate of Trafc). 2010, Roads Planning & Design Directorate Ministry of Works.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 999 10% Yes Yes
DATA
b
75b, 83%M, 17%F
Police records and Health facility records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period following crash).

Other (3%)
14
Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (39%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Cyclists (11%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%)
Source:2010, General Directorate of Trafc, MOI. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: General Directorate of Trafc.
65
Drivers/passengers buses (1%)
12
BANGLADESH
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council No Yes Partially funded Yes (20082023) 10% per year and 50% by 2023
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 1 624 862 529 215 975 682 81 561 38 101 303 No No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc,d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No No 10% 13% No No
DATA
a b
2 958a, 85%M, 15%F 1.6%b
Police records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period). 2003, Transport Research Lab UK.

Drivers/ passengers buses (9%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (5%) Other (3%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (19%)
3.0
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pedestrians (41%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%) Cyclists (3%)
Source: Police First Information Report (FIR).
Source: 2009, Police First Information Report (FIR).
66
Data collected by multi-sectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health.
BARBADOS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Management Committee, Ministry of Transport & Works Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
133 835 108 057 2 335 5 014 444 17 985 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc d 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No
Drink- driving not dened by BAC limit. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers 1149% Yes No
DATA
b
20b, 85%M, 15%F
Police records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period).

14
10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2009, Royal Barbados Police Force.
67
12
BELARUS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Standing Committee by Council of Ministers of Republic of Belarus, Ensuring Road Safety No Yes Partially funded Yes (20062015) 30%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 3 829 244 3 042 665 345 316 396 606 44 624 33 Yes No Yes No
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.029 g/dl 0.029 g/dl 0.029 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 17%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2011, National Commitee of Statistics of Republic of Belarus (2010 data).
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 103 75% 0.4% Yes Yes
DATA
a
1 190a, 76%M, 24%F
2010, Ministry of Transports. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

Other (1%)
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
Pedestrians (41%)
Drivers (4+ wheels) (22%)
Passengers (4+ wheels) (20%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Home Ofce.
Cyclists (9%)

Source: 2010, Home Ofce.
68
BELGIUM
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The Interministerial Committee for Road Safety No Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 7 050 618 5 876 392 393 071 603 222 16 180 161 753 Yes No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 25%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 86% Front seatsc 50% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2009, Directorate General Statistics and Economic Information (DGSEI), applies to all drivers and pedestrians. 2010, Belgian Institute for Road Safety (data from 2009).
DATA
a
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment.
840a, 75%M, 25%F
Police records. Estimate. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses
Yes No 100 Yes Yes

16

Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (11%)
Other (7%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (40%)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Cyclists (9%)
Source: Directorate General Statistics and Economic Information (DGSEI).
Source: 2009, Directorate General Statistics and Economic Information (DGSEI). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
69
BELIZE
Population: 311 627 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 640
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072012)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars
a
Yes Yes a No
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 80% Driversd 15% Passengersd Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 60% Front seatsd 30% Rear seatsd No No
2011, Police/Department of Transport.

b c
42b, 86%M, 14%F 0.9%c
Combined sources (Ministry of Health and others). Dened as died within a year of crash. Prez-Nez R, et al. Economic impact of fatal and nonfatal road trafc injuries in Belize in 2007. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 2010, 28(5):32636.
Yes No 911 75% No No

100

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Transport.
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Epidemiology Unit.
70
BENIN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Center for Road Safety Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
25 613 19 759 1 155 2 261 944 1 494 No No a No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dlc 0.05 g/dlc 0.05 g/dlc Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No Yes Yes Yes
Based on reported breath alcohol content limit of 0.025 g/dl.
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b
759b
No No None d Yes Yes
No ambulance services in country.

Other (1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001
Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (7%)
Pedestrians (19%)
Cyclists (3%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: National Center for Road Safety.
Source: 2010, National Center for Road Safety.
71
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Ministry of Transport.
BHUTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety and Transport Authority Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) From 15 deaths/10 000 vehicles to 5/10 000 by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes No 30 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
57 618 37 538 9 094 7 116 277 3 593 a No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 112 5074% No Yes
DATA
b
79b, 71%M, 29%F

Drivers/ passengers buses (13%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (19%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (28%)
16
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (5%)
Source: Royal Bhutan Police.
Source: 2010, Royal Bhutan Police.
72
Data collected by multi-sectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health.
14
BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Inter-institutional Road Safety Council No Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
910 333 708 351 57 835 115 171 28 976 0 No No a No
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes c 0.05 g/dl c Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
Applies to public transportation drivers only.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Subnational Yes Yes
DATA
b
1 294b, 76%M, 24%F

Other (5%)
16

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of the Interior.
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (36%)
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (48%) Cyclists (1%)

Source: 2010, General Command of the Bolivian Police.
Source: 2011, General Commander of the Bolivian Police, mortality rate calculated by National Observatory of Public Safety.
73
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Lead agency Agency for Road Safety of the Republic of Srpskaa Funded in national budget Yesa National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yesb Fatality reduction target 65% (< 75 deaths per year) for RS, 30% (number of deaths) for FB&H
a b
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f g
Only in the Republic of Srpska. Republic of Srpska (RS) 2008-2028, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) 2008-2013.

SAFER VEHICLES
c
815 232 698 465 10 969 65 785 3 995 36 018 No No c Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 3.6% (FB&H)e, 5.2% (RS)f Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 20% Front seatsg 5% Rear seatsg Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Federal Ministry of Interior (FB&H). 2010, Ministry of Interior Affairs of the Republic of Srpska. 2011, Research for preparation of the Strategy-SweRoad.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
d
336d

Other (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Pedestrians (16%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (57%)
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Civil Affairs.
Cyclists (7%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%)
Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior of the RS and Federal Ministry of Interior (FB&H). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Ministry of Interior of the RS and Public Health Institute of the FB&H.
74
BOTSWANA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes 50% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
394 548 No No a No
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 5%c Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 100% Driversc 100% Passengersc Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 No Yes Yes No
2010, Botswana Police Service.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 997 10% Yes
b
397b, 72%M, 28%F

Other (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (3%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (20%)
35
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (30%)
Source: Botswana Police Service Accident Statistics Unit.
Cyclists (<1%) Riders motorized 2or 3-wheelers (2%)

Source: 2010, Botswana Police Service Accident Statistics Unit. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
75
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Departement of Transport and Safety, Ministry of Transport and Communication.
DATA
BRAZIL
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Trafc Department (DENATRAN) Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20042014) Reduce to 11 per 100 000 inhabitants by 2014
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes Yes 3080 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 64 817 974 43 632 236 16 508 854 3 954 202 722 682 0 No No Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers No Yes
DATA
a b
37 594a, 82%M, 18%F 1.2%b
Vital registration data. Dened as death caused by road trafc drash (unlimited time period). 2005, Institute of Economic and Applied Research (IPEA).

Other (23%) Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (23%) Cyclists (4%)
Source: 2009, Ministry of Health, Mortality Information System (SIM).

25
20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2009, Ministry of Health, Mortality Information System (SIM).
76
Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (22%)
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Brunei National Road Safety Council Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
349 279 Yes No a No
No Yes No 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yesc 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9%d Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 72% Driverse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. 2011, Road Safety Unit/Royal Brunei Police Force. 2010, Land Transportation Department.
POST-CRASH CARE
f
DATA
b
46b, 70%M, 30%F
Yes No 991 10%f Yes Yes
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of the crash.
Brunei Muara only.

60

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Communication.
50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Royal Brunei Police Force.
77
BULGARIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target State-Public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety No Yes No Yes (20112020) 50% (<388 deaths by 2020)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 284 837 2 602 400 125 371 335 788 23 857 197 421 Yes No a No
Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 4%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 80% Driverse 30% Passengerse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 85% Front seatse 30% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Trafc police department. 2010, Monitoring of Trafc police.
POST-CRASH CARE
f g
DATA
b c
775b, 74%M, 25%F 2%c
Yes Yes 112f 75% 0.1%g Yes No
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, State-Public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety.
112 is for all kinds of emergencies; 150 for emergency medical care only. Ministry of Health, Department of Emergency Medical Care.


16 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 14
Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Pedestrians (22%)
Source: State-Public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety.
Source: 2010, State-Public Consultative Commission on the Problems of Road Safety.
78
BURKINA FASO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety (ONASER) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 25% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Subnational Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
884 750 170 221 689 808 17 227 7 494 0 No No a No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9% All riderse No No Yes Yes No
Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2008, Report of the contextual study of helmet use for developing a national strategy on the use of helmets in Burkina Faso.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
744b
Combined sources. Dened as died at scene of crash.

400
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source: 2009, National Institute of Statistics and Demographics.
79
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Transport, Posts and Digital Economy.
BURUNDI
Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Public Labor and Equipment Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) 30 045 civilian vehicles Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards No New car assessment programme No Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars a Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars No
a
No Yes Yes c 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesd Noe 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No No
National speed limits set for certain vehicle types only. Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 117 10% No No
DATA
b
275b

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
80
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health and AIDS Control.
CAMBODIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50% (number of deaths) 50% (deaths per 10 000 vehicles)
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
1 652 534a 244 267 1 372 525 32 775 3 240 No Yes b Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16%e Yes No Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 65% Driversf 9% Passengersf Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes No
2010, Road Crash & Victim Information System (RCVIS). 2010, Ministry of Health.
Vehicle breakdown categories do not add up to the total. No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
g
DATA
c d
1 816c, 80%M, 19%F 3.5%d
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Road Crash & Victim Information System (RCVIS).
Yes Yes Multiple numbers 1149% 1.2%g Yes Yes
Injury Surveillance System, Ministry of Health.

Other (4%) Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Pedestrians (12%) Cyclists (4%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (67%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (3%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (9%)
14
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Road Crash & Victim Information System (RCVIS).
Source: 2010, Road Crash & Victim Information System (RCVIS). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
81
12
CAMEROON
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Transport Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
443 018 199 741 224 992 10 144 4 487 3 654 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers 10% Yes No
DATA
b c
1 258b <0.1%c
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash. 2008, Ministry of Transport, National Strategy Report.

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, National Transit Bureau.
82
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Transport.
CANADA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target
a
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e f
Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate, Transport Canadaa Yes Yes Partially funded No No
With the support and collaboration of the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators and its members.

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes Subnational Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 21 387 132 19 876 990 594 866 829 695 85 579 2 Yes No Yes Yes
Yes Subnational Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.050.08 g/dld 0 g/dld 0.050.08 g/dld Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 33%e Subnational Yesf Yesf 012345678 9 99% Driversg 99% Passengersg Subnational Yesh 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 96% Front seatsi 89% Rear seatsi Subnationalj 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Subnational Yes No
g h i j
BAC limits set at provincial level. 2009, Coroners data compiled by Trafc Injury Research. All provinces and territories require motorcycle helmets for all riders and compliance with a national helmet standard. 2009, Transport Canadas national trafc collision data le. All provinces and territories require the use of seat-belts by all vehicle occupants. 2011, Transport Canda, Rural and Urban Roads Surveys. All provinces and territories require the use of child restraints.

b c
2 227b, 69%M, 31%F 5%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. Vodden K., et al. Analysis and Estimation of the Social Cost of Motor Vehicle Collisions in Ontario (2004). Ministry of Transport, 2007.
Yes No 911 75% Yes Yes
Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Pedestrians (14%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (49%)
Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (9%)
Other (3%)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2009, Transport Canada.

Source: 2009, Police-reported records of trafc collisions. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
83
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Public Health Agency of Canada.
CAPE VERDE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target General Directorate of Road Transport Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
64 282 39 057 5 654 8 842 176 10 553 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
b
63b
Yes No None c No No

90

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Internal Affairs.
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: National Police.
84
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate of Trafc and Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 25% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
4 781 3 736 291 450 304 0 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No 118 10% No No
DATA
b
145b 32%M, 77%F
Health facility records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. Only in Bangui.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
85
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Development and Transport.
CHAD
a
SAFER ROAD USERS

a Yes No No Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
d e
Within Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.

SAFER VEHICLES
b
243 644 54 804 164 817 16 964 7 059 0 No No b Yes
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesd Noe 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No Yes None 10% No No
DATA
c
>3 000c

16 14 12 10 8

6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
86
CHILE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Trafc Safety Commission (CONASET) Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 375 523 2 974 416 102 314 155 732 46 573 96 488 No Yes a No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 18%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 98% Driverse 99% Passengerse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 51% Front seatse 10% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Chilean Police. 2011, Behavior study in Antofagasta, Valpariso, Rancagua, Curico, Los Angeles, Temuco y Puerto Montt.

b c
1 595b, 78%M, 22%F 0.2%c
Police records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash. 2010, Analysis and Denition of a Social Impact Assessment Methodology for Road Safety Projects in Intercity Routes. CIMA Ingenieria EIRL. Sept. 2007; Updated and corrected by MIDEPLAN-SECTRA 2011.
Yes Yes Multiple numbers No No


12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Transportation.
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (39%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Cyclists (9%)
Source: 2010, Integrated Statistics System of the Carabineers of Chile (SIEC 2). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: 2010, Integrated Statistics System of the Chilean Police (SIEC 2).
87
CHINA
Population: 1 348 932 032 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: US$ 4 240
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Work Safety Committee, State Council Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112015) 32% (deaths per 10 000 vehicles)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 207 061 286 No No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 3050km/hr 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 3%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
2010, The Peoples Republic of China Road Trafc Accident Annual Statistic Report (2010), Trafc Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
65 225a, 76%M, 24%F
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash. Does not follow ICD10 Classication.

Other (2%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Pedestrians (25%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001
Cyclists (10%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, The Peoples Republic of China Road Trafc Accident Annual Statistic Report (2010), Trafc Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security.
Source: 2010, The Peoples Republic of China Road Trafc Accident Annual Statistic Report (2010), Trafc Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security
88
COLOMBIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Transportation Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 7 229 373 3 267 702 3 558 650 247 341 155 680 0 No No Yes No
No Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.039 g/dl 0.039 g/dl 0.039 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 18%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 99% Driversd 40% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 57% Driversd 59% Front seatsd Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. 2011, Road Prevention Fund.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
5 502a, 80%M, 20%F 1.2%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2011, Strengthening of Road Safety in Urban Transport: The Case of Bogota. 2010. Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and Universidad de los Andes.
Yes Yes Subnational 1149% 3%e Yes Yes
Disability National Survey.

Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%)
18

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Transportation.
Other (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (4%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (31%)
Source: 2010, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences.
Cyclists (6%)
Source: 2010, National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
89
COMOROS
Population: 734 750 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: US$ 750
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate for Road Safety, Circulation and Regulation No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
29 970 23 942 5 146 772 110 0 No No a No
No Subnational No 30 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc,d Noe 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Solidarity, Social Cohesion and the Promotion of Gender Equality.
DATA
b
11b, 73%M, 27%F
Police records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.
No Subnational 10% Yes No


14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (46%)

Source: 2011, National Trafc Police.
Source: National Trafc Police.
90
CONGO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate General for Land Transports Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112015)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
25 202 No No a No
Yes Subnational Yes 4060 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3% Driversd 0% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2% Front seatsd 0% Rear seatsd No Yes
2010, Directorate General for Land Transport.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No None 10% No
DATA
b c
269b 2%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Summary report of road trafc injuries, Department of Land Transport.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 0 2001 2002 2003 2
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
91
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
COOK ISLANDS
Population: 20 277 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita:
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Police Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (1 July 200930 June 2010) Not more than 2 per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
9 439 4 470 4 849 25 95 a No
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 100%c Yes Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No
2010, Ministry of Health.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 999 75% No No
DATA
b
2b, 100%M, 0%F
Health facility records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period).

Year 2010 Category
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers

6
Deaths 2
Source: Ministry of Health.
4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Health.
92
COSTA RICA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Council on Road Safety No Yes Partially funded Yes (20072011) 19%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of networks No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
923 591 605 943 141 470 162 179 13 999 0 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 99.5% Driversc 99% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 79% Front seatsd 48% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes No
2009, Helmet Study. 2004, Seat-belt Survey.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
721b, 87%M, 13%F
Vital registration data. Dened as died within a year of crash.

Other (<1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Pedestrians (37%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (28%) Cyclists (10%)
Source: 2009, Judicial Branch. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex. 18
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2009, Judicial Branch, National Institute for Statistics and Census.
93
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Public Work and Transportation.
CTE DIVOIRE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ofce of Road Safety (OSER) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20122020) 50% (pedestrian fatalities)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No No Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
474 873 356 155 37 989 56 985 18 995 4 749 a Yes
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 30% Front seatsd 10% Rear seatsd No No
2009, Ofce of Road Safety (OSER).
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 75% Yes No
DATA
b c
699b, 70%M, 10%F 1%c
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. Ofce of Road Safety (OSER).

6
Drivers/passengers buses (8%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (4%)
5 4 3 2 1 0 Data collected by National Data Coordinator. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pedestrians (40%)
Source: Ofce of Road Safety (OSER).
Cyclists (2%)

Source: 2009, Ofce of Road Safety (OSER).
94
CROATIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
1 969 587 1 511 045 176 773 162 135a 4 877 114757 No No b Yes
d e
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 30%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 50% Driverse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 83% Front seatse 52% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Ministry of Interior. 2009, A study carried out as part of the National Road Safety Program 20062010: Impact of various factors on the safety of road trafc phone survey on a sample of 3 000 persons.
Includes utility vehicles. No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
f
DATA
c
426c, 76%M, 24%F
Yes Yes 112 1149% 0.5%f Yes No
National Disabilities Registry

Other (2%)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (25%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (31%)
Cyclists (7%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%)

Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
95
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
CUBA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Commission No Yes Partially funded Yes (20102015) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
607 675 308 338 207 958 68 091 23 288 0 a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
833b, 77%M, 23%F
Combined sources. Dened as died within a year of crash.

Other (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (5%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (5%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (13%)
14

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Council of Ministers.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (35%)
Source: 2010, Annual Health Statistics.
Cyclists (13%)
Source: 2010, Annual Health Statistics.
96
CYPRUS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Council Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20102020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

e

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
774 492a 668 749 58 776 19 522 4 119 23 326 No Yes b Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 43%e Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 75% Driverse 68% Passengerse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 86% Fronte 13% Reare Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Trafc Department, Cyprus Police.
Trailers are not included. No car manufacturers/assemblers.

c d
60c, 83%M, 17%F 1%d
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, HEATCO (Developing Harmonised European Approaches for Transport Costing and Project Assessment ), http://heatco.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/


25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health.
Pedestrians (22%)
Cyclists (3%)
Source: 2011, CARE (EU Road accidents database).
Source: 2010, Cyprus Police.
97
CZECH REPUBLIC
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Czech Governmental Council for Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20022012) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Yes Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 7 262 647 5 023 261 930 198 61 231 19 754 1 228 203 Yes No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 14%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 90% Driversb 80% Passengersb Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 90% Front seatsb 60% Rear seatsb Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
802a, 77%M, 23%F


Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%)
Other (7%)
Pedestrians (19%)

Source: 2010, Police.
98
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Population: 24 346 229 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita:
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Land Management, Cabinet Yes Yes Yes (20022012) 2% annually
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes No 70 km/h 012345678 9 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 012345678 9 No Yes Yes Yes

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars No No Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by National Data Coordinator, Department of Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Public Health and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
DATA
Reported road trafc fatalities Estimated GDP lost due to road trafc crashes
Yes Multiple numbers 75% Yes Yes

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
99
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Program for Road Safety (CNPR) Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
350 000 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
b
309b, 79%M, 21%F
Yes No None c No
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash. Kinshasa only.

Drivers/passengers buses (6%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Pedestrians (5%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (70%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%)
400
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Source: National Program for Road Safety (CNPR).
Source: 2010, Police de Circulation Routiere (PCR).
100
DENMARK
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Not funded Yes (2007-2012) 40% (<200 deaths by end 2012)
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e f g

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs
a
Yesa Parts of network No No No
Due to EU regulations on TERN road network. Also major projects on state roads do require review due to internal regulations. For other roads there are no requirements.
SAFER VEHICLES
b
3 108 962 2 749 236 203 608 43 711 14 496 97 911 Yes No b No
Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 20%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 96-99% All riderse Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 92% Driversf 93% Rearg Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, The Danish Road Directorate, Road Trafc Accident System. 2010, 99% motorcycles, 96% mopeds. Danish Road Safety Council. 2010, Danish Road Safety Council. 2010, Danish Road Safety Council (adults only).
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
c
255c, 67%M, 33%F

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Source: 2010, The Danish Road Directorate, Road Trafc Accident System.
Source: The Danish Road Directorate, Road Trafc Accident System and Statistics Denmark.
101
Data collected by National Data Coordinator. Data not cleared.
Cyclists (10%)
DOMINICA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Transport Board No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Subnational No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
23 566 17 252 1 636 192 2 486 2 000 No No a No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
8b, 88%M, 12%F

16 14 12 10 8 6 4

Data collected by multisectorial consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
Pedestrians (13%)
2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Police Department.
102
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Subnational No 35 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
2 734 740 914 628 1 352 720 380 549 73 716 13 127 a No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No 911 Yes No
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance.
DATA
b c
1 902b, 85%M, 14%F 0.32%c
Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash. 2009, Ofce for the reorganization of trafc, Data of the Dominican Capital.

Other (<1%) Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (14%)

Year 2005 2006 2007 2010 Number of road trafc deaths 1 366 1 386 1 414 1 902
Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (years 20052007); National Police (2010).
Source: 2010, National Police.
103
ECUADOR
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Control and Regulatory Agency of Land Transport, Transit and Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112013) 15%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 1 039 364 776 747 181 758 72 203 8 656 0 No Yes Yes Yes National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
b

SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 4%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 71% Driversb 71% Passengersb Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 63% Driversb 58% Front seatsb Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Transit Agency (ANT).
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
a
3 319a, 80%M, 20%F
Yes No Multiple numbers 75% 5.7%c
Vital registration data. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period).
National Council on Disability (CONADIS).


25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%) Cyclists (<1%)
Other (65%) Pedestrians (30%) Drivers/ passengers buses (<1%)
Source: 2010, Annual Vital Statistic: Births and Deaths. INEC. Normalization and Statistics.
Source: 2010, Annual Vital Statistic : Births and Deaths. INEC. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
104
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Transportation and Public Works.
EGYPT
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Council for Road Safety No Yes Partially funded Yes ( 20112020 ) 25% per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 5 853 728 3 245 213 1 412 244 958 593 104 131 133 547 No No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesb,c Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. Not based on BAC.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
7 398a, 74%M, 26%F
Health facility records. Dened as died at scene of crash.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Central Agency For Public Mobilization & Statistics (CAPMAS).
105
EL SALVADOR
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Deputy Ministry of Transportation Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes Yes

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
715 345a 567 453 69 289 70 671 7 932 0 No No b No
Up to July 2011 only. No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
c
1 047c, 77%M, 23%F
Yes Yes 911d 1149% No No
Institute of Legal Medicine. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period).
Does not cover the entire country at the moment.

Other (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (5%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (10%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Cyclists (5%) Pedestrians (62%)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, Institute of Legal Medicine.
Source: 2010, Institute of Legal Medicine.
106
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate-General for Road Safety Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 10% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
8 503 6 970 92 1 247 194 0 No No a Yes
No Yes Yes 20 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.015 g/dl 0.015 g/dl 0.015 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 60%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
2011, Directorate-General for Road Safety.
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b
41b
Yes Yes Multiple numbers 1149% 5%d No Yes
Combined sources. Dened as died at scene of crash.
Directorate-General for Road Safety, Malebo Hospital.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
107
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Interior and local Corporations.
ESTONIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Safety Department in Estonian Road Administration Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20032015) 40%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d
SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs
Yes Parts of network Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
664 644 558 175 20 212 82 137 4 120 0 Yes No a Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 15%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 95% Front seatsd 73% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Estonian Road Administration. 2010, AS Emor research survey.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
78b, 72%M, 28%F

18

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Social Affairs.
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cyclists (12%)
Source: Estonian Road Administration database.

Source: 2010, Estonian Road Administration database.
108
ETHIOPIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Trafc Safety Council (NRTSC) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 377 943 231 619 44 847 81 193 20 284 0 No No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 96% Driversd Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, sample count in Addis Ababa city.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
2 581a, 76%M, 24%F 0.81.0%b
Dened as died within a year of crash. Review of Road Safety Management Capacity of Ethiopia, June 2010 Global Road Safety Facility.
No No Subnational 10% 6%e Yes Yes
2010, Black Lion Hospital and Minilik II Hospital.

4
0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Review of Road Safety Management Capacity of Ethiopia, June 2010 GRSF.
109
FIJI
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Land Transport Authority Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) From 8 to 4 deaths per 10 000 vehicles
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
77 625 No No a No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 6%c Yes No No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
2010, Police Accident Trafc Research Unit.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 911 10% Yes No
DATA
b
52b, 85%M, 15%F

12

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Land Transport Authority.
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Police Accident Trafc Research Unit.
110
FINLAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Transport and Communications Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (2025) No more than 100 road fatalities per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
5 331 582a 3 237 388 486 766 117 150 13 650 1 476 628 Yes No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 24%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 93% Front seatse 84% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Trafc Safety in Finland. 2010, Central Organization for Trafc Safety in Finland.
904 350 trailers are classied as vehicles.
POST-CRASH CARE
f
DATA
b c
272b, 75%M, 25%F 1.11.7%c
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Estimate from the National Trafc Safety Plan/GDP 2010
Yes Yes 112 5074% 4%f No Yes
Finnish Motor Insurers Centre.
Other (3%)
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cyclists (10%)
Source: 2010, Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Trafc Safety in Finland.
Source: Statistics Finland and Central Organization for Trafc Safety in Finland.
111
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
FRANCE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Interministerial Road Safety Task Force Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (by the end of 2012) Less than 3000 deaths
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 34 276 000 31 174 000 2 557 000 545 000 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.020.05 g/dlc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 31%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 8896% All riderse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9699% All Occupantsf Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
0.02g/dl for drivers of buses and coaches, 0.05g/dl for truck drivers. 2010, The National Interministerial Observatory for Road Safety (ONISR). 2010, ONISR. 96% on motorway, 88% on 2 x 2 lanes separated by a median, 95% on other roads. 94% in large cities. 2010, ONISR. 99% outside towns, 96% in towns, 98% for all networks.
POST-CRASH CARE
g
DATA
a b
3 992a, 76%M, 24%F 1.3%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, CARE project (European Commission).
Yes Yes 112 75% 5%g Yes Yes
2010, calculations using ONISR data.

Other (2%)
16
Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Pedestrians (12%) Cyclists (4%)
14 Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by Ministry of Interior. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, ONISR. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: ONISR and CARE.
112
GABON
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) Yes Yes Partially funded
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Subnational No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
195 000 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers 5074% Yes Yes
DATA
b
252b

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 0 2001 2002 2003 2
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
113
GAMBIA
Lead agency Ministry of Works, Construction and Infrastructure Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
17 416 12 026 2 524 911 1 028 927 a No
No Yes No 25 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 10% No No
DATA
b
94b, 76%M, 25%F

6
5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Source: Gambia Police Force.
114
GEORGIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Georgian Transport and Communication Policy Development Commission No Yes Partially funded Yes (20092013) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
736 470 610 537 2 585 106 119 17 229 No No a No
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 39%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 95% Driversd 89% Front seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Statistics Ofce of Georgia-GEOSTAT. 2010, ACT Research.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
685b
National Statistics Ofce of Georgia (GEOSTAT). Dened as died within 30 days of crash.


25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cyclists (<1%)
Pedestrians (25%)
Other (65%)
Drivers/ passengers buses (10%)
Source: National Statistics Ofce of Georgia-GEOSTAT.
Source: 2010, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
115
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs.
GERMANY
Lead agency Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction targets set No Fatality reduction target No
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f g h

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a b
50 184 000a 41 738 000 5 867 000 3 685 000 76 000 Yes No Yes Yesb
Yes Yes No 50 km/h Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dle 0 g/dlf Yes 11%g Yes Yes Yes 97% Driversh 98% Passengersh Yes Yes 98% Front seatsh 97% Rear seatsh Yes Yes Yes No
Enforced from 0.02 g/dl. Limit applied for transportation of passengers and dangerous goods. 2009, German Road Trafc Accidents Statistics. 2011, observational study by BASt.
Vehicle breakdown categories do not add up to the total. Legislation different depending on age of second hand car.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
c d
3 648c, 73%M, 27%F 1.3%d
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, calculated from data provided by the Federal Statistical Ofce.

Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Pedestrians (13%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%) Other (1%)
9
8 7 6 5 4 3 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). 2
Cyclists (10%)
Source: Federal Statistical Ofce.

Source: 2010, Federal Statistical Ofce.
116
GHANA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Commission Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 122 700 662 029 218 892 91 763 141 114 8 902 No No a Yes
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 34% Driversd 1.9% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18% Driverse 5% Front seatse Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No
2010, Trafc Injury Prevention, Vol 11; 522525. 2010, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community.Vol 38:4; 280289.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
1 986b, 76%M, 24%F 1.6%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2004, Journal of Building & Road Research, Vol 11; Dec 2008.

Other (1%) Drivers/ passengers buses (16%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (11%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (11%) Cyclists (5%) Pedestrians (43%)
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001

2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: National Accident Statistics 2010 produced by CSIR-BRRI for the National Road Safety Commission (NRSC).
Source: National Accident Statistics 2010 produced by CSIR-BRRI for the National Road Safety Commission (NRSC). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
117
GREECE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Interministerial Committee of Road Safety No Yes Not funded Yes <880 by 2015, <640 by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
7 910 565 5 133 957 1 447 633 1 305 243 23 732 0 a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 74% Driversd 34% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 72% Front seatsd 21% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2009, National Technical University of Athens.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers No No
DATA
b c
1 451b, 83%M, 17%F 0.5%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Combined sources.


20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (2%)
Source: National Statistical Service.

Source: 2009, National Statistical Service.
118
GUATEMALA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of the Interior, Department of Transit of the National Civil Police Yes Yes Fully funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No Subnational Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
2 118 516 1 261 639 602 067 124 460 96 294 34 056 No No a No
Yes Yes Yes 3090 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 61%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 40% All ridersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 50% Driverse No Yes Yes Yes
Institute of National Statistics. 2011, Department of Transit of the National Civil Police; 2010, Guatemala Valley University CDC/CAP. 2011, Department of Transit of the National Civil Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers >75% Yes No
DATA
b
737b, 81%M, 19%F

Other (1%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (16%)
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, Institute of National Statistics.
Source: 2010, Institute of National Statistics.
119
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Interior.
GUINEA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Program on Trauma Care No Yes Not funded Yes (20122017) 15%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
33 943 26 609 6 927 369 38 0 No No a No
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Noc 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b
503b, 83%M, 17%F
No No None d No No
Trafc police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 0 2001 2002 2003 2
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
120
GUINEA-BISSAU
Lead agency General Directorate for Trafc and Land Transport Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yes Fatality reduction target
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
54 153 8 205 No No a No
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No None 10% No No
DATA
b
117b
Combined sources (Police records and Health facility records). Dened as died within 48 hours of crash.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/
121
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Ministry of Infrastructure, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Transport and Communication.
GUYANA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Guyana National Road Safety Council Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 No Yes Yes No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
12 363 7 678 2 356 1 156 531 642 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 913 Yes
DATA
b
115b, 78%M, 22%F

Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Drivers/passengers buses (11%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (20%) Pedestrians (35%) Cyclists (16%)
250

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Guyana Police Force Trafc Department.
Source: 2010, Guyana Police Force Trafc Department.
122
HONDURAS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council (CNSV) No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
983 800 696 825 183 119 73 933 29 923 0 Yes No a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.07 g/dl 0.07 g/dl 0.07 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 4%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
2010, Trafc Accident Information System of the National Transit Bureau.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 198 5074% No No
DATA
b
937b, 81%M, 19%F
1200
Drivers (4+wheels) (24%) Pedestrians (45%)
1000 800 600 400 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Passengers (4+wheels) (15%)
Cyclists (6%)
Source: 2010, Trafc Accident Information System of the National Transit Bureau.
123
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared the Secretariat of State for Security.
HUNGARY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e f

a
Yes Parts of networka Yes Yes Yes
Hungary will join the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN) in 2014.
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 8.3%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 95% Driverse 95% Passengerse Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 79% Front seatsf 49% Rear seatsf Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of National Reosurces, Deputy Secretary of State for Healthcare Coordination and International Affairs.
2010, Hungarian Central Statistical Bureau. Police and Institute of Transport Science. 2009, TV NORD Institute for Transport Science.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
740b, 75%M, 24%F 1.5%c
Hungarian Central Statistical Bureau (HCSB). Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Institute for Transport Sciences non prot LTD.

Other (2%)
16
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Ofce.
Source: 2010, HCSB.
124
ICELAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The Road Trafc Directorate Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20052016) 5% per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
296 479 237 089 11 112 10 179 1 916 36 183 No No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 20%c Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 90% Front seatsd 73% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, The Road Accident Analysis Group. 2010, National survey.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
8b, 50%M, 50%F

12

Pedestrians (25%)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: The Road Trafc Directorate.

Source: 2010, The Road Trafc Directorate.
125
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Welfare.
INDIA
Population: 1 224 614 272 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 260
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 114 952 000 15 313 000 82 402 000 6 041 000 1 486 000 9 710 000 No Yes No No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50% Driversc 10% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 27% Driversc No Subnational
2010, Bangalore Road Safety and Injury Prevention Programme.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 1149% 2% Yes Yes
DATA
a b
133 938a, 85%M, 15%F 3%b
Police records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period). 2009, 10th 5 year Plan, volume 2.

12
Other (17%)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/ passengers buses (8%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (13%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (32%)
Source: Road Accidents in India, 2009, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Transport Research Wing, Government of India.
Pedestrians (9%)
Cyclists (5%)
Source: 2010, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Transport Research Wing.
126
INDONESIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50% (deaths per 10 000 vehicles)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 72 692 951 8 148 330 60 152 752 3 296 315 1 095 554 0 No No No No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 80% Driversd 52% Passengersd Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
Not based on BAC. 2007, study on Helmet Wearing conducted by University of Indonesia.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
31 234a, 78%M, 22%F 2.9 3.1%b
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, National Plan on Road Safety.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000
Other (<1%) Drivers/ passengers buses (35%)
Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (36%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Cyclists (2%) Pedestrians (21%)
Source: 2010, Indonesia National Police.
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: Indonesia National Police.
127
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Commission No Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 10% per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 20 657 627 11 918 576 8 120 747 474 777 143 527 No No Yes Yes
Yes Yes No 5060 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yesb,c Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 30% Driversd 10% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 90% Driversd 80% Front seatsd No Yes Yes Yes
Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. Trafc police reports, 2010 and 2011 (Iranian calendar).
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a
23 249a, 79%M, 21%F
Yes Yes 115 5074% 6%e Yes No
Vital registration data. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education.

Other (1%)
45
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source: Legal Medicine (Forensic Medicine) and Iranian Statistic Center. Years according to Iranian Calender (MarchFebruary).
Pedestrians (28%)
Drivers (4+wheels) (22%)
Riders motorized 2-wheelers (23%)
Passengers (4+wheels) (26%)
Source: Legal Medicine (Forensic Medicine). The year is according to Iranian Calender from 21 March 2010 to 20 March 2011. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
128
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
IRAQ
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Supreme Council Road Safety No Yes Not funded Yes (20112013) 10%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 391 057 No No a No
No Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 No Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers 1149% 2% Yes Yes
DATA
b
5 708b, 77% M, 23% F
Health facility records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

20
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior, Trafc Police Directorate & Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation, Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology, and Ministry of Health Excludes Kurdistan region.
129
18
IRELAND
Lead agency Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Yes, fully funded Fatality reduction targets set Yes (20072012) Fatality reduction target Not greater than 6 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
2 416 387 2 254 059 40 895 29 512 15 654 76 267 No No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl No 11%c Yes Yes Yes Yes 90% Front seatsd 79% Rear seatsd Yes Yes Yes No
2006, D. Bedford, N. McKeown, A. Vellinga, F. Howell (2006). Alcohol in Fatal Road Crashes In Ireland. Public Health Directorate, Health Service Executive, Ireland. 2010, Road Safety Authority (RSA).
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
212b, 78%M, 22%F


12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Pedestrians (19%) Cyclists (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (8%)
Other (2%)
Source: Gardia Siochna (Police) National Trafc Bureau (GNTB) and RSA.

Source: 2010, Garda Sochna (Police) National Trafc Bureau (GNTB) and Road Safety Authority (RSA). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
130
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport.
ISRAEL
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Authority Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072011) 30%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
2 458 716 2 268 001 109 547 63 088 14 113 3 967 a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 10%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 95% Driversd 95% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 91% Front seatse 69% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2009, Israel Police. 2006, Israel Road Safety Authority. 2010, Israel Road Safety Authority.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
352b, 68%M, 27%F
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

Other (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (6%)
600

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Road Safety Authority.
500 400 300 200 100 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (34%)
Source: The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.
Cyclists (5%)

Source: 2010, The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.
131
ITALY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Transport Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20012010) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 52 586 499 40 169 966 10 074 121 944 534 98 724 1 299 154 No Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 92% All ridersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 63% Driversc 10% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2011, ULISSE (Health National Institute and Ministry of Transport).
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
a b
4 237a, 78%M, 22%F 2%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, Automobile Club of Italy (ACI) and National Statistics Institute (ISTAT).
Yes No 118 5074% 1.8%d Yes Yes
2010, INTEGRIS database.

Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (4%) Pedestrians (16%)

14 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (<1%)
Cyclists (7%)
Source: 2010, ISTAT Survey on road accidents resulting in deaths or injuries.
Source: 2009, ISTAT Survey on road accidents resulting in deaths or injuries. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
132
JAMAICA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20082015) 25%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2%c Yes Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6% Driversd 5% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 44% Front seatsd 4% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No
2010, The Jamaica Constabulary Force. Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey, 20072008.
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Undersecretariat of Prevention and Health Promotion.
DATA
a b
319a, 82%M, 18%F 0.2%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Policy, Planning and Development Division.

Drivers/passengers buses (4%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%)
18
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (36%)
Source: 2010, The Road Safety Unit.
Cyclists (8%)

Source: 2010, The Jamaica Constabulary Force (J.C.F).
133
JAPAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Central Trafc Safety Policy Council Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112015) <3 000 deaths per year
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 89 871 090 Yes Yes Yes No
Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 6%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 97% Front seatsd 64% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Police Agency. 2010, Joint study by Japan Automobile Federation / National Police Agency, http://www.jaf.or.jp/ eco-safety/safety/data/pdf/sb2010.pdf.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
7 309a, 69%M, 31%F 1.4%b
2009, Vital registration data. Dened as died within a year of crash. 2007, Cabinet Ofce, Investigative Study for Economic Losses Caused by Road Trafc Accidents.

Other (<1%) Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (31%)
9

Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (35%)
Riders motorized 2-wheelers (18%) Cyclists (16%)
Source: 2011, National Police Agency.
Source: 2010, National Police Agency.
134
JORDAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Higher Trafc Safety Council Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20082012) 6% annually, 30% by 2012
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 075 453 768 266 5 497 195 369 102 286 4 035 No No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 7090 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 0%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 55% Driverse 45% Passengerse Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 70% Front seatse 50% Rear seatse No Yes Yes No
2010, Jordanian Trafc Institute. 2010, Trafc Accidents Statistics PSD Jordan Trafc Institute 2010, approximate percentage.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
670b, 81%M, 19%F 1.6%c
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Trafc Accidents Statistics PSD Jordan Trafc Institute.

20
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (33%)
Source: 2011, Trafc Accidents Statistics PSD Jordan Trafc Institute.

Source: 2011, Trafc Accidents Statistics PSD Jordan Trafc Institute.
135
18
KAZAKHSTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Police Committee Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20082010) 30%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 3 249 966 2 686 748 64 103 287 509 93 956 117 650 No No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yesb Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 2%c Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Not based on BAC. 2010, Departmental records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RK.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
3 379a, 73%M, 27%F
Vital registration records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.


35 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Pedestrians (24%)
Other (4%)
Cyclists (<1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%)
Source: Agency of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Source: 2010, Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
136
KENYA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20092014) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 1 389 864 Yes Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesb Noc 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 10%
DATA
a
3 055a
Drivers/passengers buses (4%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (<1%)
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (47%)
Source: Trafc Police.

Source: 2010, Trafc Police. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
137
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Healh and Sanitation.
KIRIBATI
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Kiribati Road Safety Taskforce No Yes Not funded Yes (20002015) 10% (Number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 618 975 480 163 0 a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 67%c No Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No
Police and health records.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
6b, 67%M, 33%F
2010, Combined sources (police and health). Dened as died within 7 days of crash.

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Pedestrians (50%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (33%)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Police and health records.
Source: 2010, Police and health records.
138
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Medical Services.
KUWAIT
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The General Directorate of Trafc, Ministry of Interior Yes Yes Yes, fully funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 570 000 686 214 5 487 20 390 26 152 831 757 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 80 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesd,e Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
374b, 84%M, 16%F 34%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Ministry of Interior.

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Central Statistical Ofce.
139
KYRGYZSTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Chief Department of Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Affairs Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
430 314 400 838 7 744 21 732 No No a No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 59%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Not based on BAC. 2010, Chief Department of Road Safety, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
875b, 76%M, 24%F
Vital registration records. Dened as died within a year of crash.


Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (22%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (<1%) Other (59%) Cyclists (<1%)
Pedestrians (18%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Drivers/ passengers buses (<1%)
Source: 2010 National Statistics Committee.
Source: National Statistics Committee.
140
LAO PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50% (Number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 60% All ridersd 75% Driversd Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
2010, Department of Trafc Police. 2008, Road Safety Project.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No No 10% Yes No
DATA
a b
790a 2.7%b
2010, Police records. Dened as died within a year of crash. 2003, Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan.

Drivers/passengers buses (3%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Pedestrians (6%) Cyclists (1%) Other (1%) Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (15%)
14

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Transport.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Department of Transport/NRSC Sec.
Source: 2010, Department of Trafc Police. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
141
LATVIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Trafc Safety Council No Yes Partially funded Yes (20012013) 70%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
806 462 637 626 37 811 33 748 5 377 91 900 Yes No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 10%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 88% Front seatsd 46% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
Road Accident Statistic collection. 2010, Study of Health Behavior among Latvian Adult population (1564 years).
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
218b, 56%M, 12%F


30 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (4%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (24%)
Pedestrians (36%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (10%)
Source: 2010, Road Trafc Accidents Register.
Source: Road Trafc Accidents Register.
Cyclists (6%)
142
LEBANON
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 525 738 1 410 140 76 573 25 270 13 755 0 Yes No a No
No Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 32% Driverse 2% Passengerse Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 14% Driverse 14% Front seatse No Yes Yes Yes
2010, Directorate General of the Internal Security Forces. 2004, Study on Road Safety in Lebanon, May 2004.

b c
549b, 77%M, 23%F 3.24.8%c
Police records. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period following crash). 2004, Proposals and Outlines for a Road Safety Master Plan for Lebanon, May 2004, SIDA Ref N 200004865.

Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (33%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (26%)

Year 2008 2009 2010 Deaths per 100 000 population 11.2 12.1 12.9
Source: Section of Service and Operation, Internal Security Forces.
Cyclists (<1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (19%)
Source:2010, Directorate General of the Internal Security Forces Section of Service and Operations. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
143
LESOTHO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Department, Minsitry of Public Works and Transport Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072015) 50% by 2015
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

SAFER VEHICLES
a
No No a No
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
b
362b, 33%M, 14%F (53% unknown)
Yes No None 10% No No

450
400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Source: Lesotho Road.
144
LIBERIA
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 030 951 1 029 076 911 396 568 0 No Yes a No
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No No No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 911 No No
DATA
b
80b

16 14 12 10 8 6
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (66%)
4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2009, LNP Trafc Division.
145
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare.
LITHUANIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target State Trafc Safety Commission No Yes Partially funded Yes (20112017) From 9.2 to 6 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 910 373 1 691 855 56 271 133 921 13 728 14 598 No No a No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 63%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police Department, Ministry of Interior.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
299b, 75%M, 25%F


Other (4%)
Source: Police records, Statistics Lithuania.
Cyclists (7%)

Source: 2010, Police records.
146
LUXEMBOURG
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
444 353 363 800 42 402 10 827 1 636 25 688 Yes Yes a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 35%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 78% Front seatsd 60% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, STATEC/Police Grand-Ducale. 2003, Enqute ILReS : le port de la ceinture de scurit au Luxembourg.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
b
32b, 75%M, 25%F
Yes No 112 75% 3.7%e Yes No
Association for Accidents Insurance.


18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Pedestrians (3%) Cyclists (3%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (3%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (19%)
Other (3%)
Source: STATEC/Police Grand-Ducale.
Source: 2010, STATEC/Police Grand-Ducale.
147
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry Department Directorate of Health.
MADAGASCAR
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Intersectoral Commission for Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes Not specied
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 166 112 101 158 20 566 18 690 25 698 0 No No No No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 65% Driversc 40% Passengersc Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 65% Driversc 45% Front seatsc No Yes Yes No
2008, National Trafc Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes None 10% Yes No
DATA
b
325b
Combined sources. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
148
MALAWI
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Transport Services Yes Yes Partially funded Yes
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
173 800 121 516 14 511 23 193 1 458 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
b
976b, 84%M, 16%F
Yes No None c Yes

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 0 2001 2
Drivers/passengers buses (13%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (5%)
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (20%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (3%) Cyclists (15%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Pedestrians (35%)
Source: 2010, National Road Safety Council.
149
MALAYSIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Department Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 6% (deaths per 10 000 vehicles, 20112012) 5% (number of deaths, 20132020)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 23%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 76% All ridersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 77% Front seatse 10% Rear seatse No Yes Yes No
2010, Research study by MIROS conducted in Kuala Lumpur (urban area). 2002, Malaysia Medical Journal. 2010, Journal of Community Health 2010.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
6 872a, 81%M, 19%F 1.6%b
2010, Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS).

Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (9%) Cyclists (3%) Other (<1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (15%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (11%)
30
25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: MIROS.
Source: 2010, Statistical Report Road Accident Malaysia, Royal Malaysia Police. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
150
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research.
MALDIVES
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Transport Authority Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 50 052 6 539 41 095 2 299 119 0 No No Yes Yes
No Yes No 30 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Nob Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
6a, 67%M, 33%F

Pedestrians (17%)

Data collected by multi-sectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Family.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Deaths per 100 000 population 2.3 2.3 1.6 0.6 1.9
Source: 2010, Maldives Police Service.
Source: 2010, Maldives Police Service.
151
MALI
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Agency on Road Safety (ANASER) Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
211 906 132 683 24 700 14 548 22 506 17 469 a Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 202 39986 75% Yes No
DATA
b
687b
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010

Deaths per 100 000 population 5.3 5.1 3.9 4.5

Source: National Agency on Road Safety.
152
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
MALTA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Transport Malta Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 425 517 Yes No Yes Yes
Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 96% Front seatsb 8% Rear seatsb Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2003, Health Interview Survey 2002.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
15a, 67%M, 33%F

6

Pedestrians (20%)
5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: 2010, National Mortality Register.
Source: National Mortality Register.
153
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry for Health, the Elderly and Community Care.
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Public Safety Yes Yes Not funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Subnational No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 892 1 715 37 55 85 0 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 625 8666 10% No No
DATA
b
4b, 100%M, 0%F
2010, Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
Pedestrians (75%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, Police, health Records.
154
MAURITANIA
Population: 3 459 773 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 000
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Road Safety, Ministry of Equipment and Transport Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20062010) 50% by year 2010
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
388 305 a Yes
No Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc,d 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Subnational Yes Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No Multiple numbers 1149% Yes No
DATA
b
163b

300
250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Source: Ministry of Transport.
155
MAURITIUS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Management and Road Safety Unit, Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Land Transport and Shipping Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 30% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
384 115 201 548 159 329 13 186 2 845 7 207 a Yes
No Yes No 90 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 32%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 97% Front seatsd 0.2% Rear seatsd No Yes Yes Yes
2010, Police Trafc Branch/Forensic Science Laboratory. 2011, Trafc Management and Road Safety Unit.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
158b, 84%M, 17%F

Other (1%)
16

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Infrastructure.
Drivers (all vehicles) (10%) Passengers (all vehicles) (9%)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (36%)

Source: 2010, Economic and Social indicators, 917. Road Transport and Road Trafc Accident Statistics, 2011, http://statsmauritius.gov.mu
Source: Economic and Social indicators, Issue No 917. Rd Transport and Road Trafc Accident Statistics (JanJune 2011). Page 9 (http://statsmauritius.gov.mu).
156
MEXICO
Lead agency Technical Secretariat of National Council of Injury Prevention Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yes (20112020) Fatality reduction target 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes Subnational Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 30 904 659 20 523 704 1 201 046 8 842 518 337 391 0 Yes Yes Yes Yes
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.050.08 g/dlc 0.050.08 g/dlc 0.02 g/dlc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 23%d Subnational Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 75% Driverse 84% Passengerse Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 29% Front seatsf 4% Rear seatsf Subnational 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Subnational Yes No
e f
BAC limits are set at the subnational level. 2009, Epidemiological Surveillance System for Addictions. Secretariat of Health/Forensic Medical Services. 2011, Technical Secretariat of National Council of Injury Prevention. 2011, Basal Diagnostic of RE-10 (INSP-JHU). Information obtained from three citties: Guadalajara, Leon and Cuernavaca.

a b
17 820a, 78%M, 22%F 1.7%b

17.0
Occupants (4+wheels) (23%) Other (42%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%) Cyclists (1%)
16.5 16.0 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Drivers/ passengers buses (1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (<1%)
Pedestrians (29%)
Source: 2009, National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information.
Source: 2009, Secretariat of Health and the National Institute of Statistics Geography and Information.
157
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Undersecretariat of Prevention and Health Promotion.
Vital registration data. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period following crash). 2011, Cost of motor vehicle accidents in Mexico, National Council of Injury Prevention.
Yes No Multiple numbers 75% 0.6% Yes Yes
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)

SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Subnational Subnational 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Subnational No No No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No Subnational Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
8 337 7 356 96 747 138 0 No No a No
POST-CRASH CARE
C
DATA
b
2b, 100%M, 0%F
Yes No None c No No
2010, Health facility records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.
No ambulance service.

5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Federated States of Micronesia, Department of Health and Social Affairs, Health Information System.
158
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Health and Social Affairs.
MONGOLIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Police Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Subnational Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
365 959 No No a No
Yes Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 28%c Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Trafc police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Subnational 10% No No
DATA
b
491b, 76%M, 24%F
2010, Health facility records. Dened as died within a year of crash.


25 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (11%) Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (40%)
Source: 2011, Health statistics (data from Center for Health Development).

Source: 2010, Health statistics.
Cyclists (<1%)
159
MONTENEGRO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Coordinating Body for Monitoring the Implementation of Strategies to Improve Safety in Road trafc Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072019) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
187 913 165 693 4 492 16 588 1 140 Yes No a No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 30%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 70% Driversd 5% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 41% Front seatse 10% Rear seatse No Yes Yes Yes
2010, Police Directorate, Regional Units in Podgorica. 2010, Police Directorate. 2010, UNICEF, Ipsos Strategic Marketing, Road Safety Survey in Montenegro.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
95b, 80%M, 20%F


Cyclists (1%)
Source: Police Directorate.

Source: 2010, Police Directorate.
160
MOROCCO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Interministerial Committee of Road Safety No Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 2 791 004 1 976 172 31 353 654 434 53 363 75 682 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yesc 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 79% Driversd 24% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 51% Driversd 52% Front seatsd No Yes Yes No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. 2009, National Committee for Prevention of Trafc Accidents.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No 115 75% Yes No
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Equipment & Transport and Ministry of Health.
DATA
a b
3 778a, 80%M, 17%F 2%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2007, Road Safety in Morocco: Strategy and Plan of Action, UNECA 2009.

Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (7%) Other (2%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (14%)
14
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (26%)
Source: High Commission of Planning, and the Road Directorate, Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
Cyclists (6%)

Source: 2010, Road Directorate, Ministry of Equipment and Transport.
161
MOZAMBIQUE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target INAV (National Road Trafc Institute) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112016) 50% (deaths per 100 000 population)
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.06 g/dl 0.06 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes

SAFER VEHICLES
a
380 343 233 086 50 140 82 389 14 728 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 10% Yes No
DATA
b
1 963b, 83%M, 17%F

8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Pedestrians (55%)
Source: National Trafc Police (PRM).
Source: 2010, National Trafc Police (PRM).
162
MYANMAR
Population: 47 963 010 Income group: Low Gross national income per capita:
Lead agency Trafc Rules Enforcement Supervisory Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yes (20102015) Fatality reduction target 50% (fatality rate)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 2 326 639 269 423 1 911 040 65 579 21 578 59 019 No Yes No No
Yes Yes No 48 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.07 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 4851% All ridersc No No No
2011, Health department, study in Yangon General hospital.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Subnational 10% No No
DATA
a b
2 464a, 75%M, 25%F 0.5%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, Trafc Rules Enforcement Supervisory Committee.

Other (9%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (7%)
4.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 2001
Pedestrians (26%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Myanmar Police Force.
Cyclists (9%)
Source: 2010, Myanmar Police Force.
163
4.0
NAMIBIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council No Yes Partially funded Yes (20092015) 10%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Yes No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 30%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12% All ridersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 55% Front seatsd 1% Rear seatsd Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2009, National Forensic Science Laboratory. 2009, National Road Safety Council. 2007, Global Road Safety Partnership, the study was commisioned by the National Road Safety Council
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
225a, 61%M, 14%F
Other (12%) Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (3%)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pedestrians (31%)
Source: National Road Safety Council.

Source: 2009, National Road Safety Council.
164
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Works and Transport.
NEPAL
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 178 911 133 992 891 018 47 930 35 100 70 871 No No a No
No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesd Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
Not based on BAC.

Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No No 10% Yes No
b c
1 689b, 83%M, 17%F 0.8%c
Police records. Dened as died within 35 days of the crash. 2011, World Health Survey, Final Report on Study of Health Care Cost for Road Trafc Accidents (RTA).
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Trafc Directorate.
165
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Population.
NETHERLANDS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) <500
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 9 340 006 8 494 708 623 442b 210 222 11 634 0 Yes Yes Yes No National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
e f g h i j

a
Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes
Only Trans European Roads.
SAFER VEHICLES
b
Yese Yes Yes 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 20%f Yesg Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 9194% Moped driversh 84% Moped passengersi Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 97% Front seatsj 82% Rear seatsj Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Only for novice drivers. 2010, Rijden onder invloed 2010 / DRUID (not yet published). Excludes slow mopeds (max 25 km/h). 2010, PROV. 2008, Monitoring Brometshelmen 2008, internal report by BVOM (part of Ministry of Justice). 2010, BIA-report 2010, relates to car occupants only.
Excluding mopeds and other moped-registration type vehicles.
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Directorate General Mobility.
DATA
c d
640c, 74%M, 26%F 2.1%d
Rijkswaterstaat DVS and Statistics Netherlands. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2007, SWOV 2009 Factsheet: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/Factsheets/UK/FS_Costs.pdf.
Yes Yes 112 75% Yes Yes


8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Pedestrians (11%)
Other (5%)
Cyclists (25%)
Source: Rijkswaterstaat DVS and Statistics Netherlands (CBS).
Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (5%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (16%)
Source: 2010, Rijkswaterstaat DVS and Statistics Netherlands (CBS).
166
NEW ZEALAND
a
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f
Ministry of Transport Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) Multiplea
Targets vary for specic groups. See New Zealands Road Safety Strategy 20102020, p. 13.

SAFER VEHICLES
b
3 227 000 2 979 000 113 000 112 000 8 300 14 700 Yes Yes b Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 32%e Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 96% Front seatsf 88% Rear seatsf Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 2010. 2010, Ministry of Transport.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
c d
375c, 70%M, 30%F 0.02%d
2010, Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. Social Cost of Road Crashes and Injuries, June 2010 Update (estimate for 2009).


14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Transport.
Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (4%) Pedestrians (9%) Cyclists (3%)
Other (1%)
Source: 2010, Ministry of Transport, Crash Analysis System.
Source: 2011, Ministry of Transport, Crash Analysis System.
167
NICARAGUA
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
445 974 279 668 115 541 43 998 6 767 0 No No a No
No Yes Yes 45 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes No
2010, National Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
571b, 84%M, 16%F

700
Pedestrians (33%) Drivers (all vehicles) (40%)
500 400 300 200 100 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

168
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the National Police.
600
NIGER
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
155 115 110 446 36 029 3 574 5 066 0 No No a No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesd Noe 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
654b 1%c
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash. 2006, Ministry of Transport.

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Ministry of Transport.
169
NIGERIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Federal Road Safety Commission Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) 48.4 deaths/10 000 vehicles to 3.2 deaths/10 000 vehicles
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 12 545 177 5 189 159 Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 76% Driversc No Yes Yes Yes
2010, Ojekunle eld survey, unpublished.

a b
4 065a 4%b
Lead Agency Records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash. 2010, Federal Road Safety Corps / Ogwude I, estimate based on ongoing study on the Cost of Road Trafc Crashes in Nigeria.
12 000
10 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Federal Road Safety Corps.
170
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Road Safety Commission.
NIUE
Population: 1 465 Income group: Middle Gross national income per capita:
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Niue Police No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
848 806 30 6 6 0 No No Noa No
No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 100% (1 death)c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No No No
2010, Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
1b, 100%M, 0%F 0
2010, Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash.

Year 2010 Category
Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Deaths 1
171
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Public Health.
NORWAY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Norwegian Public Roads Administration Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20102019) 1/3 reduction in people killed and seriously injured
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 134 652 2 685 070 323 930 104 241 21 411 0 Yes Yes a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 15%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 99% Driversd 99% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 92% Front seatsd 90% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Statistics Norway.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
208b, 76%M, 24%F 1%c
Health facility records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Statistics Norway.
Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (4%) Pedestrians (12%) Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (12%)
Other (2%)
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2011, Statistics Norway.

Source: 2010, Statistics Norway.
172
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Norwegian Directorate of Health.
OMAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The National Committee for Road Safety Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 25%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
804 233 672 407 3 672 100 708 27 446 0 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 100 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 0.6%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 90% Front seatsc 1% Rear seatsd No Yes Yes No
2010, Royal Oman Police. 2004, McIlvenny S, et al, The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health (124:280).
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
b
820b, 85%M, 16%F
Yes No 9999 5074% 1.4%e Yes No
Combined sources (police and health facility records). Dened as died within 30 days of crash.
Ministry of Health National Economy

1200
Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (39%) Cyclists (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (3%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (33%)
Source: 2010, Royal Oman Police.
800 600 400 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Royal Oman Police.
173
Pedestrians (23%)
1000
PAKISTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Communication Yes Yes Partially funded No
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 7 853 022 1 849 229 4 506 948 216 119 198 790 1 081 936 No No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes 95 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesb,c Nod 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10% All riderse Yes No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4% Driverse No Subnational Yes No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, Road Trafc Injury Research & Prevention Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Subnational 1149% Yes No
DATA
a
5 192a

Other (4%) Drivers (4+wheels) (4%) Passengers (4+wheels) (12%)
5700
5600 5500 5400 5300 5200 5000 4900 4800 4700 4600 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Pedestrians (41%)
Source: Provincial Police Departments.
Source: 2010, Road Trafc Injury Research and Prevention Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
174
PALAU
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Bureau of Public Safety, Ministry of Justice Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
5 774 No No a No
No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.10 g/dl 0.10 g/dl 0.10 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 100%d Yes Yes Yes 012345678 9 No No No
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Justice.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
3b, 100%M, 0%F
2010, Combined sources. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period).


45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year 2010
Category
Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles
Deaths 3
Source: 2010, Vital Registration, Ministry of Health.
Source: 2011, Vital Registration, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Justice.
175
PANAMA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc and Ground Transport Authority Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 30%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
612 000 306 000 55 080 122 400 42 840 85 680 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.05g/dl 0.05g/dl 0.05g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 98%Driversc 95%Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 90% Front seatsc 10% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Directorate of Transit Operation.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
422b, 84%M, 16%F

16
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (43%)
Source: 2010, National Directorate of Transit Operation, National Police.
Source: 2010, National Directorate of Transit Operation, National Police.
Cyclists (6%)
176
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Trafc and Ground Transport Authority.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council (NRSC) No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars
a
No No a Yes
No Yes No 60 km/h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 25%e Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2007, Police/NRSC Accident Report Forms.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No 111
DATA
b
269b, 69%M, 30%F
Police records. Denition not specied.


Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by National Road Safety Council.
Other (9%) Drivers/ passengers buses (10%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (13%)
Year 2006 2007
Number of road trafc deaths 241 269

Source: National Road Safety Council/Police.
Pedestrians (38%)
Source: 2007, NRSC/Police.
177
PARAGUAY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council No Yes Partially funded Yes (20082013) 10%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 919 247 490 674 237 174 51 655 6 844 132 900 a No National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Subnational Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 60%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 45% Driversd 20% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 85% Front seatse 50% Rear seatse No No
2009, Statistical data analysis of inspections carried out by highway patrol and municipal trafc police during weekends and holidays. 2010, Asuncions statistical records of highway patrol and trafc police. 2009, Highway Patrol.
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.
DATA
b
1 206b, 82%M, 18%F

25
Pedestrians (28%)
20 15 10 5 0

Source: 2009, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Database of the Vital Statistic Subsystem.
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare.
178
PERU
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Natinal Road Safety Council Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20082012) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.025 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network Subnational Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 155 614 1 578 328 1 305 924 216 973 54 389 0 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b c
2 514b, 76%M, 24%F 1.5%c
Ministry of Health. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Antidotes for the congestion and the insecurity in transit/PROEXPANSION.
Yes Yes Multiple numbers 10% 4%d Yes Yes
National Institute of Statistics and Information.

Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) Other (46%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%)
14
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (34%)
Drivers/passengers buses (3%)
Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%)

Source: 2010, Ministry of Health.
179
12
PHILIPPINES
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Management Group, Dept of Transportation and Communication Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20112020) 50% (number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 40 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1.4%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 51% All ridersd 87% Driversd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 80% Driversd No Subnational
2006, Philippine National Police TMG (Trafc Management Group). 2011, Prevalence of Road Trafc Injury Risk Factors in the Province of Guimaras.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
6 941a, 79%M, 21%F 2.6%b
2008, Vital registration data. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period). 2009, Sigua, UP COE/NCTS (ADB Publication).

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Department of Health.
Year 2006 2007 2008
Deaths per 100 000 population 7.8 8.2 7.7

Source: 2008, Vital Registration (NSO).
180
POLAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council Yes Yes Not funded Yes (20032013) 50% (<2 800 deaths in 2013)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 22 024 697 16 494 650 1 808 723 2 797 798 95 415 828 111 Yes Yes Yes Yes
2010, Police/National Police Headquarters. 2011, PBS DGA (market research agency) by order of National Road Safety Council.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
3 907a, 76%M, 23%F 2.02.5%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, Road and Bridge Research Institute.
Yes Yes Multiple numbers 5074% 25%e Yes Yes
The Trauma Surgery Section of the Association of Polish Surgeons.


Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Infrastructure. 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (<1%)
Pedestrians (32%)
Source: POLICE/National Police Headquarters.
Source: 2010 POLICE/National Police Headquarters, based on 3 897 deaths.
181
PORTUGAL
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Authority for Road Safety Yes Yes Not funded Yes (20082015) 6.2 deaths per 100 000 population (32%)
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 8 730 885 7 367 328 491 385 422 582 20 944 428 646 Yes No Yes Yes National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
b c d

SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.049 g/dl 0.049 g/dl 0.049 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 31%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 94% Driversc 94% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 86% Front seatsd 28% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Institute of Legal Medicine. 2010, National Authority for Road Safety. 2004, Road Safety Prevention Association.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a
741a, 81%M, 19%F
Yes Yes 112 75% 3%e No Yes
Police records. Dened as died at scene.
1995, National Institute of Rehabilitation.


Other (3%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (15%) Cyclists (4%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (34%)
Source: National Authority for Road Safety.
Source: 2010, National Authority for Road Safety.
182
QATAR
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Trafc Safety Committee No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
754 439 674 008 11 490 61 349 7 592 Yes Yes a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 2%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, Ministry of Interior.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 999 75% 9% Yes No
DATA
b
228b, 97%M, 4%F

30
Pedestrians (32%)
25 20 15 10 5 0
Cyclists (<1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (3%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (28%)
Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior (MOI).
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: MOI/Trafc department.
183
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Supreme Council of Health Ministry of Health.
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20092010) 5.7% (annual)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 19 710 776 13 631 769 1 825 474 3 203 808 1 049 725 0 No Yes Yes Yes
2010, Trafc Accidents Statistic Analysis (Road Trafc Authority) for 2008. 2010, Actual Conditions Survey Report of Trafc Culture (Trafc Safety Authority) just highway.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
5 505a, 72%M, 28%F 1.1%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Tendency and Assessment of Trafc Accident Cost (Road Trafc Authority).


18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Other (3%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (9%) Occupants 4-wheeled vehicles (25%)
Pedestrians (38%)
Source: 2010, Trafc Accident Statistics (National Police Agency).
Cyclists (5%)
Source: 2010, Trafc Accidents Statistic Analysis (Road Trafc Authority).
184
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Not funded Yes (20112020) 30% by 2015 and 50% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
640 727 552 677 26 654 14 156 21 359 25 881 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Nod 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 9%e Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, The Republican Narcology Dispensary.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
452b, 80%M, 20%F 3%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, World Bank. Road Safety and Trafc Policing Enforcement in Moldova.


18 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 16
Other (3%)
Pedestrians (31%)
Source: National Center for Health Management.

Source: 2010, National Bureau of Statistics (Ministry of Internal Affairs).
185
ROMANIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (20032015) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 5 027 936 4 244 922 79 990 661 859 41 165 0 Yes No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 8%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 89% Driversc 76% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 47% Driversc 49% Front seatsc No Yes Yes No
2010, Police records. 2010, Registrul Auto Romn.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
2 377a, 76%M, 24%F


Source: 2010, Police records. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: Police records.
Cyclists (8%)
186
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Commission of Government of Russian Federation Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072030) From 23.5 to 8 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 8%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 97% Front seatsd 8% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Statistics data of Road Safety Department (http://www.gibdd.ru). 2008, Results and conclusions of research for the Road Safety Federal Programme.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
26 567a, 74%M, 26%F 1.9%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Statistics data of Road Safety Department.
Yes Yes 03 1149% 0.6%e Yes Yes
Statistical Database of Health and Social Development Ministry of Russian Federation.


30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Other (<1%)
Pedestrians (33%)
Source: Statistics data of Road Safety Department.
Source: 2010, Statistics data of Road Safety Department.
187
RWANDA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Committee (CNSR) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20082015) 50% by 2015
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes Yes 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 No Subnational

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
93 532 40 585 43 944 3 153 5 850a No No b No
Including buses No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No Yes 555 10%
DATA
c
438c

6

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Infrastructure.
5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: National Police and Ministry of Infrastructure.
188
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
22 209 18 588 1 049 764 895 913 No No a Yes
No Yes No 32 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.1%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 95% Driversc 20% Passengersc Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 90% Front seatsc 50% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police Trafc Department.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
9b, 89%M, 11%F

Drivers/passengers buses (11%) Pedestrians (11%)
12
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Police Trafc Department.
Source: 2010, Police Trafc Department.
189
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared the Chief Medical Ofcer and the Licensing Authority of St. Kitts-Nevis.
SAINT LUCIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Communications, Works, Transport and Public Utilities Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
56 601 52 832 856 390 2 523 0 No No a Yes
Yes 25 km/h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 53% Driversc 18% Passengersc Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 No No
Research study accepted for publication in West Indian Medical Journal.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 911 75% 15% Yes No
DATA
b
14b, 64%M, 36%F

40
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Trafc Unit of the Royal Saint Lucia Police Force.
Source: 2010, Trafc Unit of the Royal Saint Lucia Police Force.
190
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health, Wellness, Family Affairs, National Mobilization, Human Services and Gender Relations.
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Royal St. Vincent and The Grenadines Police Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
27 176 22 660 1 489 2 354 39 634 a Yes
Yes No 32 km 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
5b, 80%M, 20%F

16 14 12 10 8
0 D E AT H S I N 2 0 1 0
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
191
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health, Wellness, and Environment.
SAMOA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Land Transportation Authority Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102012) 20% (number of deaths)
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
14 965 13 491 153 1 028 293 0 Yes No a Yes
Yes Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl 0.04 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 10%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 5% All ridersd 35% Driversd Yes No 012345678 9 Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes Yes
2010, Samoa Police Trafc Unit. 2010, Driver License System (DLS).
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
Reported road trafc fatalities (FY20092010) Estimated GDP lost due to road trafc crashes
b
55b , 71%M, 29%F
Combined sources. Denition not specied.

60
50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010
Source: 2011, Ministry of Health and Accident Compensation Corporation. Years according to scal year.
192
SAN MARINO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Working Group on Road Security No Yes Yes, fully funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
56 190 40 212 14 272 402 84 1 220 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
0b

18

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
0 D E AT H S I N 2 0 1 0
193
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Secretariat of State for Health and Social Security, National Insurance, Family and Social Affairs, Gender Equality.
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Department of Land Transport Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 3040 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No No No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
1 101 404 657 37 3 0 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes None 10% No No
DATA
b
33b, 79%M, 21%F
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.
35
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: National Police.
194
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
SAUDI ARABIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target The National Committee for Trafc Safety Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes 3% annually
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
a
6 599 216 a Yes
Yes Yes No 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yesc,d Noe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
Not based on BAC. Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
6 596b, 86%M, 14%F

7000

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Minsitry of Foreign Affairs.
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2010, Annual statistical reports from the General Administration of Trafc (Ministry of Interior)
195
SENEGAL
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate of Land Transport Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc Nod 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 54% Driverse 14% Passengerse Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
Not based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2011, Revue mdecine dafrique noir avril 2011 vol 58 no4.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
213a 1%b
Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash. 2009, Rapport diagnostic de la scurit routire version provisioire, avril 2011.

Drivers (all vehicles) (21%)
8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Pedestrians (45%)
Source: BAAC Senegal (Business Action Against Cooruption).
Source: 2009, Department of Land Transport.
196
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Preventive Medicine.
SERBIA
a b
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f g
Road Trafc Safety Agency Yes Yesa Partially funded Yes (20092019) 17%b
For children only, as part of a Childrens Environmental Health Action Plan. Child deaths only.

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No No Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yese 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5%f Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 5585% Front seatsg 1035% Rear seatsg Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
In residential areas. 2010, Database of the Ministry of Interior on road trafc accidents. Lipovac and students of Criminal Police Academy. Use of Safety Belts in Republic of Serbia (2011). Unpublished. Seat-belt wearing rates varied depending on type of road.

c d
660c, 79%M, 21%F 2.7%d
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2008, World Bank Report. Country Report REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, Review of road safety management capacity and proposals for an investment strategy.
Yes No Multiple numbers 75% Yes No


18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Road Trafc Safety Agency.
Other (6%) Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (4%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (25%)
Pedestrians (26%)
Source: 2009, Ministry of Interior. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: Statistical Ofce of the Republic of Serbia and Ministry of Interior.
197
SEYCHELLES
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Seychelles Land Transport Agency Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
15 316 14 949 74 293 0 No No a Yes
No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 50%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 15% Front seatsc 5% Rear seatsc No No
2010, Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Home Affairs, Environment, Transport and Energy, Minister for Health.
DATA
b
13b, 92%M, 8%F

18
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Health Statistics Unit Ministry of Health.
198
SIERRA LEONE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Sierra Leone Road Transport Authority No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
45 006 26 687 8 403 2 019 7 646 251 No Yes a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b c
275b 1.3%c
Police records. Dened as died at scene of crash. 2009, Sierra Leone Road Transport Authority (SLRTA).
No No None d No

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0
199
Data collected by National Data Coordinator.
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
SINGAPORE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Police & Land Transport Authority Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
945 829 No No a Yes
Yes Yes No 70 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Trafc Police Data.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes 995 75% Yes Yes
DATA
b
193b, 77%M, 23%F

Other (3%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (3%)
6
5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2011, Trafc Police Data.
Cyclists (8%)
Source: 2010, Trafc Police Data. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
200
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Trafc Police Department, Singapore Police Force.
SLOVAKIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 8%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police statistics.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
515a, 78%M, 22%F 1.4%b
Death certication system. Dened as died within one year of crash. 2010, Statistical Ofce.


18 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health. 16
Other (6%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (34%)
Pedestrians (44%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%) Cyclists (8%)

Source: 2010, Death certication system.
Source: Death certication system.
201
SLOVENIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Slovenian Trafc Safety Agency Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20122021) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No Yes Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 36%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 93% Front seatsd 69% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Police records. 2010, Slovenian Trafc Safety Agency.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
138a, 75%M, 25%F 1%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Slovenian Trafc Safety Agency.


16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Trafc Safety Agency.
Cyclists (12%)
Source: Slovenian Trafc Safety Agency.

202
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Infrastructure and Development Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
16 798 a No
No Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Noc 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No No No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
9b, 78%M, 22%F
Health facility records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
Other (33%)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Pedestrians (45%)
Source: 2011, Accident and Emergency Department, National Referral Hospital.
203
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Medical Services.
SOUTH AFRICA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Trafc Management Corporation Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102014) 5% annually
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 9 587 781 7 640 326 362 400 321 604 45 217 1 218 234 Yes No Yes Yes National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
b c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Parts of network Subnational Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55%b Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 95% Driversc 90% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 59% Driversd 67% Front seatsd Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2009, Medical Research Council (South Africa). 2008, Road Trafc Management Corporation. 2009, Road Trafc Offense Survey.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
13 768a, 76%M, 24%F

35
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Road Trafc Management Corporation.
204
SPAIN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Directorate General of Trafc Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112020) 3.7 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 31 086 035 24 480 538 2 707 482 2 970 383 62 445 865 187 Yes No Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 31%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 98% Driversd 91% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 88% Front seatsd 80% Rear seatsd Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine. For alcohol levels over 0.03 g/dl. 2010, Directorate General of Trafc.
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
2 478a, 78%M, 22%F 0.4%b
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, DGT, Monetary Evaluation of a Statistical Life in Spain. Assessment in the framework of road trafc injuries. (Includes fatalities only.)
Yes No 112 75% 2.1%e No Yes
2008, Disability Survey.


16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (3%)
Cyclists (3%)
Source: 2011, Directorate General of Trafc.

Source: 2010, Directorate General of Trafc.
205
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equity.
SRI LANKA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Council for Road Safety No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
3 954 311 619 500 2 630 375 296 692 84 280 323 464 No No Noa No
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 99% Driversc 87% Passengersc Yes No d 79% Driversc 46% Front seatsc No Yes Yes No
2011, University of Moratuwa. Law implemented October 2011.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Subnational 10% No No
DATA
b

12.5
Passengers (all vehicles) (21%) Drivers (all vehicles) (47%)
12.0 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5
Pedestrians (32%)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2009, Police Department.
206
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by National Council of Road Safety, Ministry of Transport (Lead agency).
2 483b, 81%M, 19%F
SUDAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Council Coordination for Road Safety No Yes Partially funded Yes (20112016) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 116 711 64 698 479 302 35 267 15 965 No Yes Yes No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yesbc Nod 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes No No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 012345678 9 No Yes Yes Yes
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. No based on BAC. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No 777 777 1149% Yes No
DATA
a
2 758a, 64%M, 21%F

3000

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Federal Ministry of Health.
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (33%)
Other (67%)
Source: Trafc records.
Source: 2010, D128 Annual Report of Trafc Police Ministry of Interior.
207
SURINAME
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes Yes (20102015) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

SAFER VEHICLES
a
190 746 114 770 44 207 28 140 2 904 725 No Yes a Yes
No Yes No 3040 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 90% Driversc 90% Passengersc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 80% Front seatsc 20% Rear seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Ministry of Justice and Police Trafc Statistics.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
87b, 77%M, 23%F
Combined sources (Police records and health facility records). Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

Pedestrians (10%) Cyclists (8%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%)
120

Data collected by multisectorial consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
100 80 60 40 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Trafc Police.
Source: 2010, Ministry of Justice and Police Trafc Statistics.
208
SWAZILAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Swaziland Road Safety Council Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
153 013 118 291 3 615 14 742 9 624 6 741 No No a Yes
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Noc 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 9%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 90% Driversd 70% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 70% Front seatsd 30% Rear seatsd No Yes Yes No
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, Royal Swaziland Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
222b, 73%M, 27%F

Other (4%) Drivers/ passengers buses (15%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (5%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (15%)
25
20 15 10 5 0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service.
Pedestrians (43%)
Source: 2010, Royal Swaziland Police Service.
209
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Works and Transport.
SWEDEN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Swedish Transport Agency and Swedish Transport Administration Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20072020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate 5 231 589 4 782 700 356 093 78 923 13 873 0 Yes Yes Yes Yes National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones
c d e

SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 22%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 90% Driversd 90% Passengersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 96% Front seatse 87% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No
2010, In-depth studies of fatal crashes, average over 20082010. 2003, Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute. 2010, Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute.
POST-CRASH CARE
f
DATA
a b
266a, 75%M, 25%F 0.8b
Yes Yes 112 75% 6%f Yes Yes
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency.
Larsson et al. Persistent pain and disability a comparison of injuries related to work, vehicles and sports. IPSO, Stockholm, 1991.


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Swedish Transport Agency.
Other (1%)
Source: Ofcial statistics (Transport Analysis).
Source: 2010, Ofcial statistics (Transport Analysis). Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
210
SWITZERLAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Federal Roads Ofce (FEDRO), Road Trafc Division Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
5 524 496 4 075 825 815 743 335 200 52 751 244 977 Yes No a No
No Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 17%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Almost 100% driversd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 89% Front seatse 79% Rear seatse Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention. 2011, Swiss Council for Accident Prevention
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No 144 Yes Yes
b c
327b, 74%M, 26%F 1%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Federal Roads Ofce.


8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Other (2%)
Pedestrians (23%)
Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Ofce.
Cyclists (10%)
Source: 2010, Federal Statistical Ofce.
211
Data collected by National Data Coordinator and cleared by Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications.
DATA
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Committee for Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20062015) 10% annually
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 2 070 357 1 249 269 380 854 376 701 63 533 0 No Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yesc 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 90% Driversd 90% Front seatsd No Yes Yes Yes
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. 2009, Syrian Association of Road Accidents Prevention (gures for major cities).
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
2 118a, 80%M, 20%F 2.3%b
Combined sources: Police and Health Facility Records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2010, Syrian Association of Road Accident Prevention.

14
Pedestrians (30%)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior Trafc Department.
Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior - Trafc Department.
212
12
TAJIKISTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Internal Affairs Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Yes Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
357 869 297 341 8 480 37 395 14 653 0 Yes No a No
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 2%c Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
411b, 78%M, 22%F


8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
Other (<1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (23%)
Pedestrians (42%)

Source: 2011, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Source: 2011, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
213
THAILAND
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety Operating Center Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20102020) <10/100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 26%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 53% Driversd 19% Passengersd Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 61% Driversd 42% Front seatsd No Yes Yes No
2010, Injury Surveillance System. 2011, Thai Roads Foundation survey. Admitted patients only.

a b
13 766a, 79%M, 21%F 3%b
Combined sources. Dened as death caused by a road trafc crash (unlimited time period). 2009, Trafc accidents costing in Thailand (Pichai Thausevauauoun).
e
Yes Yes 1669 5074% 4.6%e Yes No
Suwapan D, Incidence of disability and impact from road trafc injuries, 2006.

Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Pedestrians (8%) Cyclists (3%) Other (1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%)
25

Data collected by multi-sectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Public Health.
20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Thai Police Information System.
Source: 2010, Injury Surveillance System. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
214
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

a
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e
Republic Council on Road Trafc Safety and Coordination Body for Road Trafc Safety Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20092014) 50%a
Zero for children.

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
b
355 131 310 231 7 761 34 444 2 695 0 Yes No b Yes
Yes Yes No 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 1%d Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 60% All occupantse No Yes Yes No
2010, State Statistical Ofce. 2008, Institute of Public Health, Global School-Based student health survey.
POST-CRASH CARE
f
DATA
c
162c, 80%M, 20%F
Yes Yes 194 1149% 11.5%f Yes No
2008, Community injury survey in Macedonia.


Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Cyclists (4%)
Source: State Statistical Ofce.

Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior and State Statistical Ofce.
215
TIMOR-LESTE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Directorate of Transport No Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes Yes

SAFER VEHICLES
a
9 660 1 684 7 370 586 20 0 No Yes a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No Yes 110 No No
DATA
b
76b, 79%M, 21%F
Combined sources. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.

Year 2009 2010
Deaths per 100 000 population 5.2 6.8

Source: Trafc Directorate.
216
TOGO
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Ofce of Road Safety Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No No No Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
49 378 7 771 38 638 2 133 96 740 No No a No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 1149% No No
DATA
b
742b
Combined sources. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
217
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Ministry of Transport.
TONGA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Police Yes Yes Partially funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 40 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No No No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
5 806 4 411 62 1 285 48 0 No No a No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers No No
DATA
b
6b, 83%M, 17%F

16
Pedestrians (33%)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010 Fatal trafc accidents.
218
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads nforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
321 191 a No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
206b, 83%M, 17%F
Police records. Dened as died within within a year of crash.

25

Pedestrians (21%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%)
20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service and Central Statistical Ofce.

Source: 2010, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service.
219
TUNISIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Observatory for Information, Training, Documentation and Studies on Road Safety Yes Yes Partially funded No
SAFER ROAD USERS

b c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Parts of network No Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl Nob 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, National Observatory for Road Safety in coordination with the Department of Trafc Police.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes Multiple numbers Yes Yes
DATA
a
1 208a, 86%M, 14%F

Other (9%)
1800 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (22%) Pedestrians (28%)
Source: 2010, The National Observatory for Road Safety, in collaboration with trafc guards and trafc police. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2010, Statistical Manual of Trafc Accidents
220
1600
TURKEY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Safety High Assembly, Road Trafc Safety Assembly No Yes Not funded Yes (20102020) 50%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 15 095 603 10 366 374 2 389 488 726 359 208 510 1 404 872 Yes No Yes No
Yes Yes Yes 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 50% All ridersc 50% Driversc Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 50% Driversc 50% Front seatsc Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
2010, Police records.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a b
4 045a, 77%M, 23%F 1.1%b
Police and Gendarmerie. Dened as died at scene of crash. 2010, Association of insurance and reinsurance companies of Turkey.


8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
Other (2%) Drivers/passengers buses (5%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (24%)
Pedestrians (16%)
Source: Police and Gendarmerie.
221
UGANDA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Council Yes No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
635 656 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
d
DATA
b c
2 954b, 79%M, 22%F 2.9%c
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2003, Economic Paper for Ministry of Works and Transport. Research Conducted by Phoenix Engineering and Research Limited.
No No None 10% 0.1%d No No
Injury Control Center Uganda, Sentinel sites and draft injury policy report.
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Passengers (all vehicles) (27%) Pedestrians (41%)
Source: Uganda Police Force.
Cyclists (10%)

Source: 2010, Uganda Police Force.
222
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Works and Transport.
UKRAINE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Internal Affairs Yes Yes No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2011) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 14 427 680 1 694 336 2 168 908 371 281 10 193 155 Yes No No No
Yes Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl 0.02 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 3%b Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
2010, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes 103 75% No No
DATA
a
4 709a, 76%M, 24%F
Police records. Dened as died at the scene of crash.


25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Health.
Other (<1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (22%)
Source: 2010, Ministry of Internal Affairs. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
Source: Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine.
Cyclists (6%)
223
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Ministry of Interior Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20082010) 1.5 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
a
2 260 000 2 060 163 29 348 106 567 40 692 23 230 No No a Yes
Yes Yes Yes 80 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Yesc 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl 0.01 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 1.3%d Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 90% Driversd 90% Passengersd Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 78% Front seatse 5% Rear seatse No Yes Yes No
Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. 2010, Ministry of Interior. 2011, Abu Dhabi Seatbelts and Child Safety Restraint Compliance Study.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
826b, 89%M, 10%F

25
20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: Ministry of Interior.
Source: 2010, Ministry of Interior.
224
UNITED KINGDOM
Lead agency Department for Transport (Great Britain) and Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction targets set Yesa Fatality reduction targetb Northern Ireland: 60% of 20042008 average, Scottish Government: 40% by 2020
Northern Ireland: 20112020, Scottish Government: 20092020. The new Great Britain Strategy includes a set of outcome indicators to measure progress, rather than setting targets. The Strategys central projection indicates a fatality reduction of 37%46% by 2020 and 41%57% by 2030 (compared to 20052009 annual average).
SAFER ROAD USERS

e f g h i
a b

SAFER VEHICLES
Yes Yes Yese 48 km/h Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 19%f,g Yes Yes Yes h Yes Yes 96% Front seatsi,j 91% Rear seatsi,j Yes Yes Yes No
Except in Northern Ireland. 2010, Police Service of Northern Ireland and Department for Transport. Great Britain 14%, Northern Ireland 24%. No consensus reached. 2010, Police Service of Northern Ireland. Reported Injury Road Trafc Collision Statistics 2009. Walter, Department for Transport. Seatbelt and mobile phone usage surveys: England and Scotland 2009. Northern Ireland, England and Scotland only.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 999 Yes Yes
DATA
c d
1 905c, 74%M, 26%F 1.2%d
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2009, Calculated by Dept of Transport for GB from Kilbane (2009). A valuation of road accidents and casualties in Great Britain in 2009.


7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Department of Transport.
Other (1%)
Source: Department for Transport and the Department of the Environment.
Source: 2010 Ofce for National Statistics, Scottish Registrar Generals Ofce, Police Service of Northern Ireland. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
225
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

SAFER ROAD USERS

d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes No No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
977 468 378 485 451 304 70 254 41 625 35 800 No No a No
No Subnational No 3050 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0 g/dl Nod 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No No 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses No No 112 10% Yes Yes
DATA
b c
3 582b, 77%M, 23%F 3.4%c
Police records. Denition not specied. 2008, National Road Safety Policy.

9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting.
Other (36%) Cyclists (13%)
Source: Trafc Police Division.
Pedestrians (33%)
Source: 2010, Trafc Police Division.
226
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Highway Trafc Safety Administration (US DOT/NHTSA) Yes Yes Yes, fully funded Yes (2020) 12.4 deaths per 100 000 population
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d e f

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes Yes Yes Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2009) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 258 957 503 239 212 572 7 929 724 10 973 214 841 993 0 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Subnational Subnational Subnational 0.08 g/dlc 0.00.02 g/dlc 0.04 g/dl Nod 32%e Subnational Yes 55% Driversf 51% Passengersf Subnational 84% Front seatsg 70% Rear seatsh Subnational Subnational
No national BAC limit, but all states and the District of Columbia have BAC limit of 0.08 for general population and 0.02 or less for young/novice dirvers. Cases suspected of drink-driving are further investigated. 2010, NHTSA. Trafc safety facts 2009 data: Alcohol-impared driving (DOT HS 811 385). 2010, NHTSA. Trafc safety facts Research note: Motorcycle helmet use in 2010 Overall results (DOT HS 811 419). 2010, NHTSA. Trafc safety facts Research Note: Seat belt use in 2010 Overall results (DOT HS 811 378). 2010, Pickrell T and Ye T. Results from the National Occupant Protection Use Survey controlled intersection study (DOT HS 811414).
DATA
a b
POST-CRASH CARE
33 808a, 70%M, 30%F 2.3%b Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes Yes 911 75% Yes Yes
Police records. Dened as died within 30 days of crash. 2000, Blincoe, L., Seay, A., Zaloshnja, T., & Romano, E. (2002). The Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes 2000 (DOT HS 809 466). Washington, DC: National Highway Trafc Safety Administration.

Drivers/passengers buses (<1%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Pedestrians (12%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (50%)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 Source: 2009, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: 2009, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).
227
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Department of Health and Human Services.
URUGUAY
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Road Safety Agency (UNASEV) No Yes Not funded Yes (2012) 10%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs No Yes No Subnational Subnational
SAFER VEHICLES
No Yes No 45 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.03 g/dl 0.03 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 38%c Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 60% All ridersd Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No
1997, Dr. Guido Berro Forensic Technical Institute. 2010, Road Safety Report 2010.

a b
556a, 73%M, 21%F 4.5%b
Combined sources (Police records, health facility records, vital registration data). Dened as died within 24 hours of crash. Cr. Garat study, 2000.

18
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, Road Accident Report in Uruguay.
228
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the National Road Safety Agency (UNASEV).
UZBEKISTAN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Central Administrative Board of Trafc Safety, Ministry of Internal Affairs Yes Yes Yes, fully funded
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars Yes Yes
No Yes No 70 km/h 012345678 9 Yesb 0 g/dl 0 g/dl 0 g/dl Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes 012345678 9 Yes Yes Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
a
2 731a
Ministry of Internal Affairs. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Deaths per 100 000 population 8.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 10.1
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs.
229
VANUATU
SAFER ROAD USERS

c

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Subnational No
SAFER VEHICLES
a
5 153 3 974 118 227 834 0 a Yes
No Yes Yes 40 km/h 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No No
Not based on BAC.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
3b, 100% M
Health facility records. Dened as died within 24 hours of crash.

4
Pedestrians (67%)
0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: 2010, HISMOH. Source: 2010, HISMOH.
230
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Institute of Transportation and Ground Transit/Peoples Ministry of Justice and Internal Relations Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20122017) 510%
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2007) Motorcars Trucks Buses Unspecied Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 4 051 705 2 982 495 838 441 41 543 189 226 No Yes Yes Yes
No Subnational No 40 km/h 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 8%c Yes Yes No 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 45% All ridersd Yes Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No
PAHO-WHO (2009); Alcohol and Public Policies in Venezuela: Two Studies. Caracas, PAHO-WHO. 2008, Ministry of Infrastructure (MINFRA).
POST-CRASH CARE
e
DATA
a b
7 714a, 81%M, 19%F 6.6%b
Vital registration data. Dened as died within a year of crash. PAHO-WHO (2009); Alcohol and Public Policies in Venezuela: Two Studies. Caracas, PAHO-WHO.
Yes Yes Multiple numbers 1149% 0.4%e Yes Yes
2001, National Institute of Statistics CENSO.

Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (4%) Cyclists (1%) Pedestrians (15%) Drivers/ passengers heavy trucks (<1%) Drivers/passengers buses (<1%)

30
25 20 15 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Other (77%)
Source: 2009, Annual mortality, Ministry of Peoples Power for Health.
Source: 2008, Annual Mortality, Ministry of Peoples Power for Health. Further data on each country can be found in the statistical annex.
231
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by the Ministry of Peoples Power for Health.
VIET NAM
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target National Trafc Safety Committee (NTSC) Yes Yes Partially funded No
SAFER ROAD USERS

d e

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
a
33 166 411a 556 945 31 452 503 552 244 97 468 67 607 Yes No Yes Yes
No Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 00.05 g/dld 00.05 g/dld 00.05 g/dld Yes 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 90% Driverse 75% Passengerse Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 No Yes Yes Yes
0.05 g/dl for motorcycle drivers; 0 g/dl for drivers of all other vehicles. Helmet observation surveys in 3 provinces, 2011 (Hanoi School of Public Health).
Includes 439 644 destroyed or unaccounted for vehicles.
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b c
11 029b 2.9%c
Police records. Dened as died within 7 days of crash. Research Master Plan for Road Safety in Viet Nam, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

18 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: 2011, NTSC Annual Reports.
232
16
WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP

Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Higher Trafc Council Yes Yes Not funded No No
SAFER ROAD USERS

Penalty/demerit point system in place National speed limits Local authorities can set lower limits Maximum limit urban roads Enforcement National drinkdriving law BAC limit general population BAC limit young or novice drivers BAC limit professional/commercial drivers Random breath testing and/or police checkpoints Enforcement % road trafc deaths involving alcohol National motorcycle helmet law Applies to drivers and passengers Helmet standard mandated Enforcement Helmet wearing rate National seat-belt law Applies to front and rear seat occupants Enforcement Seat-belt wearing rate National child restraint law Enforcement National law on mobile phones while driving Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Law also applies to hands-free mobile phones Yes Yes No 50 km/h 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl 0.05 g/dl Yes 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No

SAFER VEHICLES
a
194 702 176 196 556 16 265 1 681 4 No No a Yes
POST-CRASH CARE
c
DATA
b
131b, 73%M, 27%F
Yes Yes 101 10% 1.2%c Yes Yes
Vital registration data. Dened as died within 30 days of crash.
2010, Palestine Health Information System.

Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (16%)
6
4 3 2 1 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pedestrians (53%)
Source: Palestinian Health Information Center (PHIC), MOH.

Source: 2010, Trafc Police Department, Ministry of Interior.
233
YEMEN
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target No Yes
SAFER ROAD USERS

c d

SAFER VEHICLES
a
969 725 No No a No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yesc,d No 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
DATA
b
2 959b, 85% M, 16% F

3500

Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health & Population.
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source: General Directorate of Trafc.
234
ZAMBIA
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Road Transport Safety Agency (RTSA), and Zambia Police (Trafc) Yes Yes Partially funded Yes (20112015) 20%
SAFER ROAD USERS

d

SAFER VEHICLES
a b
337 513a b No
No Yes Yes 65 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Yes 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50%d Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes Yes
2007, Zambia Police.
Number does not include GRZ registered vehicles. No car manufacturers/assemblers.
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No Multiple numbers 10% No Yes
DATA
c
1 388c

Drivers (4+wheels) (8%)
1400
1000 800 600 400 200 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Pedestrians (46%) Passengers (4+wheels) (30%)

Source: 2011, Zambia Police.
235
1200
ZIMBABWE
Lead agency Funded in national budget National road safety strategy Funding to implement strategy Fatality reduction targets set Fatality reduction target Trafc Safety Council of Zimbabwe No Yes Not funded Yes (20112020) 50% by 2020
SAFER ROAD USERS

b

Formal audits required for new road construction Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Policies to promote walking or cycling Policies to encourage investment in public transport Policies to separate road users to protect VRUs Yes Yes No No Yes
SAFER VEHICLES
Total registered vehicles (2010) Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers Heavy trucks Buses Other Vehicle standards applied UN World forum on harmonization of vehicles standards New car assessment programme Vehicle regulations Front and rear seat-belts required in all new cars Front and rear seat-belts required all imported cars 862 756 788 482 34 361 30 514 9 399 0 No No No No
No Yes Yes 60 km/h 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Yes 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl 0.08 g/dl Nob 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Yes Yes No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Yes No 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 No Yes Yes No
POST-CRASH CARE
Vital registration system Emergency Room based injury surveillance system Emergency access telephone number(s) Seriously injured transported by ambulance Permanently disabled due to road trafc crash Emergency medicine training for doctors Emergency medicine training for nurses Yes No None 1149% Yes Yes
DATA
a
1 777a
Police records. Denition not specied.
16 14 12 10 8
6 4 2 0 2001 2002 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
236
Data collected by multisectoral consensus meeting and cleared by Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
STATISTICAL ANNEX
TABLE A1 NATIONAL DATA COORDINATORS BY COUNTRY/AREA AND WHO REGION
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea
Region Eastern Mediterranean Europe Europe Africa Americas Europe Western Pacic Europe Americas Eastern Mediterranean South-East Asia Americas Europe Europe Americas Africa South-East Asia Americas Europe Africa Americas Western Pacic Europe Africa Africa Western Pacic Africa Americas Africa Africa Africa Americas Western Pacic Americas Africa Africa Western Pacic Americas Africa Europe Americas Europe Europe South-East Asia Africa Europe Americas Americas Americas Eastern Mediterranean Americas Africa
Name of national data coordinator(s) Nadeeb, Saullah Bozo, Maksim Rubio, Moises Tomas Chicola, Flix Rojas, Pablo Kostanyan, Karen Goldsworthy, John Talishinskiy, Rustam Mortimer, Karen Obeid, Amjad Ullah, A.K.M Carter Taylor, Denise Pikirenya, Ivan Scheers, Miran
a
Chaffa Boni, Christian Doma, Karma Villena Monje, Silvia Soki c Begovic, Elma; Seranic, Alen Mokakangwe, Thatayaone Maciel Miranda, Luiz Otavio Haji Arifn, Ahmad Amysar; Hj Abdul Karim, Hj Johary Tsenova, Pavlina Sanon, Casimir Nizigiyimana, Dionis Prak, Piseth Raingsey Ngoumbe, Zacharie Gutoskie, Paul Rodrigues, Sandra Gondamovo, Paul Gocke, Mahamat Mimica Porras, Danica Yan, Jun Vargas Castillo, Diego Alonso Yahaa, Mohamed Kouni Okogna, Jean Roger Tangaroa, Edwina Guzmn Duarte, Teresita Tidjane, Amadou Brkic Bilos, Ivana Basanta Montesinos, Alicia Marlenne Pavlou, Pavlos Benesov, Veronika Chol, Choe Mwaluka Kyembe, Christophe Hemdorff, Stig Ricketts, Paul Gautreau Grulln, Mairen de la Torre, Pablo Sultan, Mohammed Morn de Garca, Silvia Argentina Obiang, Pedro Mba
239
Country/area Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique
240
Region Europe Africa Western Pacic Europe Europe Africa Africa Europe Europe Africa Europe Americas Africa Africa Americas Americas Europe Europe South-East Asia South-East Asia Eastern Mediterranean Eastern Mediterranean Europe Europe Europe Americas Western Pacic Eastern Mediterranean Europe Africa Western Pacic Eastern Mediterranean Europe Western Pacic Europe Eastern Mediterranean Africa Africa Europe Europe Africa Africa Western Pacic South-East Asia Africa Europe Western Pacic Africa Africa Americas Western Pacic Western Pacic Europe Eastern Mediterranean Africa
Name of national data coordinator(s) Leimann, Maris; Khler, Kristina Asrat, Abebe Satakala, Timoci Jskelinen, Petri Alexis, Jacques Allogo, Jean Jacques Demba, Bah Kheladze, Kakha
b
Afukaar, Francis Papanikolaou, Spiridon Morales Sandoval, Salvador Kezely, Beavogui Armando Joo, Vinha Afonso Doorgen, Ramona Gmez, Oscar Armando Bnyi, Mria Thorsteinsdottir, Svanhildur Thargoankar, Arvind Widiastuti, Esti Haddadi, Mashyaneh Al-Ghurabi, Sundus Hayes, Declan Peleg, Kobi; Maya, Siman-Tov Lecce, Maria Giuseppina Barnett, Jasper Obara, Hiromi Alhorob, Ameen; Bani Hani, Mohamed Batpenov, Nurlan Githinji, Wilfred Mwai Rubeiariki, Mweritonga Al-Otaibi, Hamed Toimatov, Samatbek Mektakul, Somnuk Feldmane, Jana Hawila, Elie; Khoury, Assaad Khasiane, Kabi Dunbar, Nelson Laukaitiene, Aida Krippler, Serge Randrianarisona, Sonia Aime Chirwa, James Rahim, Syed Mohamed ; Allyana, Sharifah Musa, Saudha Maiga, Ousmane Galea, Audrey Edwards, Russell Traore, Abdellahi Jewon, Mahmad Saeed Osuna Rosas, Rodrigo Jesse, Ben Uyanga, Zuunai Stojanovic, Svetlana Boulaajoul, Benacer Moiane, Messias
Country/area Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga
Region South-East Asia Africa South-East Asia Europe Western Pacic Americas Africa Africa Western Pacic Europe Eastern Mediterranean Eastern Mediterranean Western Pacic Americas Western Pacic Americas Americas Western Pacic Europe Europe Eastern Mediterranean Western Pacic Europe Europe Europe Africa Americas Americas Americas Western Pacic Europe Africa Eastern Mediterranean Africa Europe Africa Africa Western Pacic Europe Europe Western Pacic Africa Europe South-East Asia Eastern Mediterranean Americas Africa Europe Europe Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Europe South-East Asia Africa Western Pacic
Name of national data coordinator(s) Lwin, Thit Shigwedha, Laina Ghimire, Dhruba Methorst, Rob MacIver, Kathryn Gonzlez Kraudy, Roberto Bagoudou, Chkarao Igwe, Kenneth Nosa, Manila Linhave, Jakob Al Wahaibi, Salim; Yazidi, Mohammed Jooma, Rashid Samsel, Losii Moreno Cedeo, Telo Valerio Terema, Nelson Recalde Mora, Nilda Collazos, Joel Gilberto Benegas-Segarra, Agnes Krawczyk, Emilia Amann, Gregria Paixo von Alyafei, Khalid Shin, Yunhee Zatic, Tatiana Arafat, Raed Kipor, Gennady Rurangirwa, Dominique Cromwell, Henry Jaime, Alina Wyllie, Patsy Vaigafa, Kennedy Gualtieri, Andrea Lima, Antonio Alanazi, Faisal Coulibaly, Siaka Paunovic, Milena Andre, Patrick Amara, Abou Bakarr Soh, Wan Khuan Smrek, Martin Marinko, Vesna; Murkovi c, Andra Ogaoga, Divinol Sihlangu, Zanele Lizarbe Alonso, Vicenta Bandara, J.M.S.J Eltahir, Suad Forster, Allan Denny Maphanga, Muzi Berglind, sa Jahn, Christoph Hasaba, Tauk Razzakov, Abduvali Panket, Panuwat Tozija, Fimka Sere, Mario Fatonzoun, Mawutoe Palu, Elizabeth
241
Country/area Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripac Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a b c
Region Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe Africa Europe Eastern Mediterranean Europe Africa Americas Americas Europe Western Pacic Americas Western Pacic Eastern Mediterranean Eastern Mediterranean Africa Africa
Name of national data coordinator(s) Lewis, Carla Somrani, Naoufel Inan, Fazil ; Atila, Tuba Kwamusi, Paul Shtyl, Yuriy Al-Belooshi, Kalthoom Bellis, Mark; Eckley, Lindsay Kahatano, Johansen Dellinger, Ann Borba, Norberto Kadirov, Diftikhor Langati, Jeffrety Tila Pea, Sal Trung, Do Minh Bitar, Jawad Ghazi, Osan Mwali, Mutaba Muchena, Ernest
No National Data Coordinator. Data collected by Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt). Non member-area.
242
243
TABLE A2 ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS AND PROPORTION OF DEATHS BY ROAD USER, BY COUNTRY/AREA
General Information GNI per capitab for 2010 in US dollars 410 3 970 41 750f 3 960 8 620 3 200 46 200 46 920 5 380 21 970 15 920 700 12 660f 5 990 45 780 3 640 780 1 870 1 810 4 740 6 750 9 540 31 800f 6 320 550 230 750 1 200 43 250 3 280 470 710 10 750 4 240 5 520 750 2 240 6 860 1 170 13 890 5 460f 29 450 18 490 180 59 410 6 900 Reported number of road trafc deathsd 1 501 352 3 4 042 5 094 285 1 363 552 1 202 43 73 2 872f 19 1 190 840 41 816 79 1 681 336 385 36 499f 46f 775 966 357 1 816 1 353 2 227 63 145 3 226 2 071 70 134 5 502 14 269 2 700f 699f 426 809 60 802 332 255 8
Road trafc deaths Estimated number of road trafc deathse 95% Point Condence estimate Interval 6 209 5 5386 880 408 383432 3 4 407 3 9414 873 5 094 558 527589 1 363 553 1 202 47 132 17 289 15 41519 164 20 1 384 869 51 2 119 1 8642 373 96 88104 1 910 1 7912 030 588 554621 417 378456 43 869 27 776 4 566 3 9055 227 1 788 1 5232 053 2 431 2 1212 741 3 933 3 4964 370 2 296 111 98124 644 558729 3 339 2 098 275 983 7 225 160 136185 692 614770 2 592 4 121 3 6184 625 456 872 84 802 2 614 13 764 258 8 2 3782 850 11 72015 808 Estimated road trafc death rate per 100 000 populatione 19.8 12.7 3.5 23.1 12.6 18.1 6.1 6.6 13.1 13.7 10.5 11.6 7.3 14.4 8.1 16.4 23.9 13.2 19.2 15.6 20.8 22.5 6.8 10.4 27.7 21.3 17.2 20.1 6.8 22.4 14.6 29.7 12.3 20.5 15.6 21.8 17.1 9.9 12.7 20.9 10.4 7.8 7.6 7.6 10.7 20.9 4.7 11.8
Population numbersa for Country/area 2010 Afghanistan 31 411 742 Albania 3 204 284 Andorra 84 865 Angola 19 081 912 Argentina 40 412 376 Armenia 3 092 072 Australia 22 268 384 Austria 8 393 644 Azerbaijan 9 187 783 Bahamas 342 877 Bahrain 1 261 835 Bangladesh 148 692 128 Barbados 273 331 Belarus 9 595 421 Belgium 10 712 066 Belize 311 627 Benin 8 849 892 Bhutan 725 940 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 9 929 849 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 760 149 Botswana 2 006 945 Brazil 194 946 488 Brunei Darussalam 398 920 Bulgaria 7 494 332 Burkina Faso 16 468 714 Burundi 8 382 849 Cambodia 14 138 255 Cameroon 19 598 889 Canada 34 016 594 Cape Verde 495 999 Central African Republic 4 401 051 Chad 11 227 208 Chile 17 113 688 China 1 348 932 032 Colombia 46 294 842 Comoros 734 750 Congo 4 042 899 Cook Islands 20 277 Costa Rica 4 658 887 Cte d'Ivoire 19 737 800 Croatia 4 403 330 Cuba 11 257 979 Cyprus 1 103 647 Czech Republic 10 492 960 Democratic People's 24 346 229 Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the 65 965 796 Congo Denmark 5 550 142 Dominica 67 763
244
Income levelc Low Middle High Middle Middle Middle High High Middle High High Low High Middle High Middle Low Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle High Middle Low Low Low Middle High Middle Low Low Middle Middle Middle Low Middle Middle Middle Middle High Middle High High Low Low High Middle
Road user death (%) Drivers/ Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles 43.5 66.7 69.2 54.1 67.9g 52.9 62.6 63.6 44.0 23.6 42.3 53.9 19.4 60.8 57.7 60.7 54.9 22.5 62.6 11.8 68.6 35.8 22.6 9.9 27.3 0.0 22.6 41.8 48.1 17.5 40.0 48.3 71.0 58.8 37.5 Drivers/ Passengers of motorized 2- or 3- wheelers 15.1 0.0 10.3 16.4 15.6 15.9 1.3 15.8 6.9 17.2 50.2 2.5 12.1 1.5 24.8 6.2 66.6 8.8 5.3 34.5 39.1 27.3 100.0 28.3 4.4 16.4 13.1 35.0 12.0 15.0 12.9 50.0
Cyclists 4.3 0.0 2.9 5.8 0.7 2.3 10.7 2.8 9.4 9.2 3.2 0.0 1.1 7.1 0.5 4.2 3.4 4.0 1.8 9.1 10.4 5.8 0.0 0.0 9.4 2.0 6.6 12.5 3.3 8.7 0.0 10.2
Pedestrians 36.1 33.3 14.6 43.9 12.8 17.8 36.0 18.2 38.7 40.8 40.6 10.9 19.0 5.1 36.2 15.6 29.7 23.4 22.2 12.0 13.9 39.3 25.0 30.8 45.5 0.0 37.0 40.1 24.7 34.8 21.7 18.8 5.0 17.3 12.5
Other or unspecied users 1.1 0.0 5.9 2.0 0.1 8.0 0.8 0.0 5.3 17.0 0.8 8.8 8.3 31.7 5.0 4.5 13.4 25.2 5.7 5.7 6.9 10.5 7.6 14.4 0.0 0.0 2.6 11.7 4.2 22.1 0.0 12.2 9.0 0.8 0.0
245
General Information GNI per capitab for 2010 in US dollars 5 020 3 850 2 420 3 370 13 720 14 180 390 3 610 47 460 42 190 7 680 610 2 680 42 970 1 250 26 890 2 740 390 580 2 900 1 870 12 860 33 890 1 260 2 500 4 520f 2 380 41 720 27 270 35 530 4 700 42 050 4 140 7 500 810 2 010 48 900 840 1 010 11 850 8 750 1 100 210 11 620 76 820 430 330 7 760 6 150 600 18 620 3 640 Reported number of road trafc deathsd 2 470 3 222 9 608 1 017 53f 78 2 506 52 272 3 992 327 94 685 3 648 1 986 1 451f 958 503 134 112 1 217 740 8 130 037 31 234 23 249 5 708 212 352 4 237f 319 5 772f 670 3 379 2 966 6 374 850 767 218 533 362 78f 299 32 422 976 6 872 6 739 15 4
Road trafc deaths Estimated number of road trafc deathse 95% Point Condence estimate Interval 4 143 3 8494 437 3 911 10 729 1 358 80 6694 87 14 606 12 71016 502 54 272 3 992 338 325 280370 685 3 830 5 407 4 7296 085 1 385 958 1 956 1 7112 201 472 398546 210 1 425 1 3311 520 908 9 231 027 42 434 37 19547 673 25 224 9 962 8 70711 217 212 352 4 371 319 6 625 1 414 1 2501 577 3 514 8 484 7 3809 587 6 452 1 022 1 266 243 942 616 760 369 32 3 805 2 904 7 085 6 3 544 16 4 1 0981 433 8601 023 530702 642879 Estimated road trafc death rate per 100 000 populatione 41.7 27.0 13.2 21.9 11.4 6.5 17.6 6.3 5.1 6.4 22.5 18.8 15.7 4.7 22.2 12.2 6.7 19.6 31.2 27.8 18.8 9.1 2.8 18.9 17.7 34.1 31.5 4.7 4.7 7.2 11.6 5.2 22.9 21.9 20.9 6.0 16.5 19.2 20.4 10.8 22.3 28.4 19.0 11.1 6.3 18.4 19.5 25.0 1.9 23.1 3.8 7.4
Country/area Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands
246
Population numbersa for 2010 9 927 320 14 464 739 81 121 080 6 192 993 700 401 1 341 140 82 949 544 860 623 5 364 546 62 787 430 1 505 463 1 728 394 4 352 244 82 302 468 24 391 823 11 359 346 14 388 929 9 981 590 1 515 224 754 493 7 600 524 9 983 645 320 136 1 224 614 272 239 870 944 73 973 628 31 671 591 4 469 900 7 418 400 60 550 850 2 741 052 126 535 916 6 187 227 16 026 367 40 512 678 99 488 2 736 732 5 334 223 6 200 894 2 252 060 4 227 597 2 171 318 3 994 122 3 323 611 507 448 20 713 819 14 900 841 28 401 017 315 885 15 369 809 416 515 54 009
Income levelc Middle Middle Middle Middle High High Low Middle High High Middle Low Middle High Middle High Middle Low Low Middle Middle High High Middle Middle Middle Middle High High High Middle High Middle Middle Low Middle High Low Middle Middle Middle Middle Low Middle High Low Low Middle Middle Low High Middle
3 3234 287 2 5153 293
3 1043 983
Road user death (%) Drivers/ Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles 13.8 0.8 15.8 56.4 61.8 56.7 50.4 16.4 46.4 52.7 13.0 38.9g 44.6 62.5 15.5g 6.1 47.5g 67.5 42.3 42.4 36.4 31.2 64.0 68.4 34.2 16.7 21.7 14.6 41.7 45.4 33.8 43.5 84.4 29.0 26.0 50.0 53.3 25.0 Drivers/ Passengers of motorized 2- or 3- wheelers 57.8 4.4 5.3 9.0 9.2 23.9 19.4 10.6 30.6 30.0 20.0 10.6 9.2 12.5 32.4 35.7 22.9 8.0 12.2 30.3 13.8 17.7 0.0 2.4 6.6 33.3 0.6 74.4 10.1 18.6 0.0 6.0 3.1 3.0 58.7 33.3 26.7 0.0
Cyclists 0.4 4.8 11.5 9.6 3.7 0.3 10.4 4.6 1.0 15.7 5.7 12.4 0.0 4.6 1.7 1.4 5.1 7.0 8.2 16.2 0.0 0.4 7.9 0.0 0.2 1.3 6.0 0.6 0.0 7.4 3.1 15.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pedestrians 24.6 29.5 61.5 16.7 12.9 12.2 25.0 13.1 43.0 14.0 34.8 44.9 26.0 25.0 8.7 21.1 28.6 19.3 33.8 15.7 36.1 34.6 32.5 24.4 46.9 50.0 17.7 6.3 36.2 32.8 66.3 36.1 3.1 35.0 9.1 16.7 20.0 75.0
Other or unspecied users 3.8 64.9 12.7 6.4 6.6 3.6 74.7 6.6 25.5 8.0 17.4 16.5 7.8 0.0 38.7 35.4 1.1 3.8 6.5 4.6 5.6 0.3 3.4 4.4 4.5 0.0 59.8 3.4 6.0 2.7 0.0 7.0 6.3 18.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
247
General Information GNI per capitab for 2010 in US dollars 1 000 7 780 8 930 2 730 1 870 6 740 2 850 440 4 250 490 48 920 29 350 1 100 360 1 170 86 390 19 260 1 050 6 560 7 010 1 300 2 730 4 900 2 060 12 450 21 830 73 060 19 720 1 820 7 850 9 880 520 12 360 6 200 6 030 3 030 50 400f 1 250 16 610 1 080 5 630 10 460 340 39 410 16 030 23 910 1 030 6 090 31 460 Reported number of road trafc deathsd 163 158 17 301f 2 477 95 3 778 2 549 2 464 292f 1 689 640 375 742 703 5 279 1 208 820 5 192 3 422 269f 1 206 2 514 6 739f 3 907 937 228 5 505 452 2 377 26 567 438 9 14 5 55f 0 33 6 596 277f 660 13 357f 193 515 138 12 14 804f 2 478
Road trafc deaths Estimated number of road trafc deathse 95% Point Condence estimate Interval 970 8481 091 158 16 714 2 491 95 5 759 4 315 7 177 571 4 787 640 398 1 085 3 673 53 339 1 208 845 30 131 3 494 892 1 383 4 622 8 499 4 509 1 257 247 6 784 496 2 377 26 567 2 118 9 26 5 30 0 34 6 800 2 421 813 13 1 323 259 515 146 79 15 995 2 478 2932 Estimated road trafc death rate per 100 000 populatione 28.0 12.2 14.7 1.8 17.8 15.0 18.0 18.5 15.0 25.0 16.0 3.9 9.1 18.8 23.7 33.7 68.3 4.3 30.4 17.4 14.7 14.1 13.0 21.4 15.9 9.1 11.8 11.8 14.0 14.1 13.9 11.1 18.6 19.9 17.2 14.9 4.6 16.4 0.0 20.6 24.8 19.5 8.3 15.0 22.6 5.1 9.4 7.2 14.7 31.9 5.4
Country/area Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain
248
Population numbersa for 2010 3 459 773 1 299 172 113 423 052 111 064 2 756 001 631 490 31 951 412 23 390 765 47 963 010 2 283 289 29 959 364 16 612 988 4 368 136 5 788 163 15 511 953 158 423 184 1 465 4 883 111 2 782 435 173 593 384 20 458 3 516 820 6 858 266 6 454 548 29 076 512 93 260 800 38 276 660 10 675 572 1 758 793 48 183 586 3 572 885 21 486 371 142 958 156 10 624 005 52 409 174 267 109 333 183 081 31 533 165 397 27 448 086 12 433 728 9 856 222 86 569 5 867 536 5 086 418 5 462 119 2 029 680 538 148 50 132 820 46 076 990
Income levelc Low Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Low Low Middle Low High High Middle Low Middle Middle High High Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle High High High High Middle Middle Middle Low High Middle Middle Middle High Middle High Middle Middle Middle Low High High High Middle Middle High
5 0916 428 3 7074 923 6 1878 166 4 2065 367
1 0081 163 3 1574 188 46 44760 230
26 75133 510
834949 4 3954 848
1 8352 402
2 1192 723
1 1451 501
7584
Road user death (%) Drivers/ Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles 19.0 22.9 39.7 59.0 38.0 44.5 26.2 52.9 41.9 69.1 66.6h 100.0 65.4 71.5 16.1g 100.0 37.9 29.4 30.0 12.9 47.4 52.6 63.6 24.9 55.8 40.9 53.0 66.7 57.1 0.0 55.4 42.7 8.8 34.6 49.3 22.2 53.0 Drivers/ Passengers of motorized 2- or 3- wheelers 37.3 4.0 18.7 10.5 18.9 22.9 0.9 15.9 13.3 0.0 12.5 2.9 38.6 0.0 5.7 0.0 41.4 1.4 8.8 23.9 3.1 19.7 6.9 7.3 6.7 11.1 0.0 0.0 10.3 46.1 6.0 16.7 0.0 19.6
Cyclists 6.3 1.0 0.2 1.1 5.8 8.6 0.0 25.3 2.7 0.0 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.7 0.9 7.2 3.8 0.9 5.3 3.5 7.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 8.3 7.8 11.6 0.0 2.7
Pedestrians 36.1 28.8 25.1 24.2 26.3 55.5 26.5 30.7 11.3 9.3 33.5 0.0 11.5 23.4 40.9 0.0 43.6 38.3 27.9 33.9 31.6 14.7 32.5 37.8 31.2 36.5 33.4 11.1 42.9 0.0 44.6 26.1 28.5 43.7 18.8 44.4 19.0
Other or unspecied users 1.3 43.3 16.3 5.3 11.0 0.0 15.9 15.6 5.6 5.6 0.0 0.0 8.2 0.0 4.4 0.0 6.9 32.3 50.9 5.0 5.0 12.3 2.7 7.6 4.8 11.1 0.0 11.1 8.3 8.0 3.6 33.3 5.7
249
General Information GNI per capitab for 2010 in US dollars 2 260 1 300 7 640 2 930 50 580 71 590 2 750 810 4 150 4 600 2 730 550 3 340 15 840 4 140 9 890 500 2 990 39 640 38 140 530 47 350 10 290 1 300 2 630 11 660 1 160 1 250f 1 160 1 070 480 Reported number of road trafc deathsd 2 483 3 582 87 216 266 327 2 118 442 13 365 162 99 742 6 200 1 208 5 253 2 954 6 116 826 1 905 3 582 32 885 556 2 731f 4 7 714 11 859 131 3 843 1 348 1 777
f
Road trafc deaths Estimated number of road trafc deathse 95% Point Condence estimate Interval 2 854 2 6023 105 10 935 9 64412 225 103 277 249305 278 327 4 669 4 2135 126 1 244 1 1471 341 26 312 162 219 1 037 6 224 1 974 8 758 9 655 6 121 956 2 278 10 162 35 490 723 3 107 39 10 791 21 651 131 5 698 3 117 1 832 193244 8881 187 Estimated road trafc death rate per 100 000 populatione 13.7 25.1 19.6 23.4 3.0 4.3 22.9 18.1 38.1 7.9 19.5 17.2 5.8 16.7 18.8 12.0 28.9 13.5 12.7 3.7 22.7 11.4 21.5 11.3 16.3 37.2 24.7 3.2 23.7 23.8 14.6
Country/area Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripi Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a b
Population numbersa for 2010 20 859 949 43 551 940 524 636 1 186 056 9 379 687 7 664 318 20 410 606 6 878 637 69 122 232 2 060 563 1 124 355 6 027 798 104 058 1 341 465 10 480 934 72 752 324 33 424 683 45 448 330 7 511 690 62 035 568 44 841 224 310 383 968 3 368 786 27 444 702 239 651 28 979 857 87 848 460 4 039 192 24 052 514 13 088 570 12 571 454
Income levelc Middle Middle Middle Middle High High Middle Low Middle Middle Middle Low Middle High Middle Middle Low Middle High High Low High Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Low
1 7652 184 7 8069 709 8 30711 004 8331079 8 89311 431
3642
5 0656 331 2 7503 485
d e
f g h i
Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (April 2011). World population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, Highlights. New York: United Nations. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is the dollar value of a countrys nal income in a year divided by its population using Atlas methodology. Data from World Development Indicators database, World Bank, November 2012. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries. World Development Indicators (WDI) database: Low income is $1 005 or less, middle income is $1 006 to $12 275, high income is $12 276 or more. Where a precise GNI was not available the WDI estimation of income level was used. Adjusted for 30-day denition of a road trafc death. Estimated using negative binomial regression (see Explanatory Note 3 on page 48). The estimation of deaths is for 2010, and the condence interval is given only for countries in Group 4. 2010 data not available. Drivers and passengers (4 + wheels). Drivers and passengers (all vehicles). Non-member area.
250
Road user death (%) Drivers/ Passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles 67.5h 44.8 29.7 59.4 39.5 69.6h 53.0 13.3 58.0 50.0 70.4 43.1 59.2 31.4h 40.3 55.7 47.3 70.0 33.3 2.6 45.0 38.2h Drivers/ Passengers of motorized 2- or 3- wheelers 36.8 16.9 22.0 73.5 11.1 16.7 5.3 17.0 8.5 17.3 11.3 2.7 21.7 18.3 13.0 0.0 3.9 1.5 3.0
Cyclists 8.1 2.7 7.9 10.4 4.6 3.0 4.3 0.0 2.9 3.8 1.6 10.1 5.8 0.9 5.8 12.7 2.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 13.1
Pedestrians 32.5 33.0 10.3 43.2 11.7 22.9 30.4 42.1 7.8 19.8 33.3 21.4 27.7 16.3 41.2 37.9 28.7 21.8 33.3 12.0 66.7 15.3 52.7 45.8
Other or unspecied users 67.0 0.0 24.3 4.1 5.2 0.2 2.5 6.8 0.0 8.5 14.4 4.8 12.1 3.4 35.7 3.0 0.0 77.4 0.8 0.0
251
TABLE A3 POST-CRASH RESPONSE BY COUNTRY/AREA
Training in emergency Estimated medicine % seriously available injured patients Universal access transported by For For Country/area telephone number ambulance doctors nurses Afghanistan Subnational 10 No No Albania National 10 Yes No Andorra Multiple 75 No No Angola National 10 Yes Yes Argentina National 75 Yes Yes Armenia Multiple 1149 Yes Yes Australia National 75 Yes Yes Austria National 75 Yes No Azerbaijan National 75 Yes Yes Bahamas Multiple 5074 Yes Bahrain National 10 Yes Yes Bangladesh None 10 No No Barbados Multiple 1149 Yes No Belarus National 75 Yes Yes Belgium National Yes Yes Belize National 75 No No Benin None 10 Yes Yes Bhutan National 5074 No Yes no ambulance Yes Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Subnational services Bosnia and Herzegovina National 75 Yes Yes Botswana National 10 Yes Brazil Multiple No Yes Brunei Darussalam National 10 Yes Yes Bulgaria National 75 Yes No Burkina Faso National 75 Yes No Burundi National 10 No No Cambodia Multiple 1149 Yes Yes Cameroon Multiple 10 Yes No Canada National 75 Yes Yes no ambulance No No Cape Verde None services Central African Republic National 10 No No Chad None 10 No No Chile Multiple No No China National 75 Yes Yes Colombia Subnational 1149 Yes Yes Comoros Subnational 10 Yes No Congo None 10 No Cook Islands National 75 No No Costa Rica National 5074 Yes Yes Cte d'Ivoire Multiple 75 Yes No Croatia National 1149 Yes No Cuba National 5074 Yes Yes No Cyprus National 75 No Czech Republic National 1149 Yes Yes Democratic People's Multiple 75 Yes Yes Republic of Korea no ambulance Democratic Republic of the No None services Congo
252
Emergency-room based injury Vital surveillance registration system exists system exists No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated % road trafc crash victims with permanent disability 3.2 2.5 13.0 0.4 0.1 1.2 3.0 0.5
Country/area Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar
Training in emergency Estimated medicine % seriously available injured patients Universal access transported by For For telephone number ambulance doctors nurses National 75 No No National 5074 Yes Yes National Yes No Multiple 75 National 1149 Yes Yes National 1149 No No Multiple 1149 No Yes National 75 Yes Yes Subnational 10 Yes Yes National 10 Yes No National 5074 No Yes National 75 Yes Yes Multiple 5074 Yes Yes 10 No No Multiple 75 Yes Yes National 75 Yes No National 10 Yes Yes Multiple No No Multiple 75 Yes No no ambulance No No None services None 10 No No National Yes National 5074 No No Multiple 75 Yes Yes National 10 Yes Yes Multiple 1149 Yes Yes Multiple 10 Yes Yes National 5074 Yes No Multiple 1149 Yes Yes National 5074 Yes Yes National 5074 Yes Yes National 5074 Yes Yes Multiple 10 Yes Yes National 1149 Yes Yes National 1149 Yes Yes National 75 Yes Yes Multiple 10 National 75 No No National 1149 No Yes National 1149 Yes Yes None National National None National National National None 10 75 5074 10 75 75 10 Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Emergency-room based injury Vital surveillance registration system exists system exists Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated % road trafc crash victims with permanent disability 5.7 5.0 5.5 4.0 5.0 2.0 6.3 2.0 1.8 3.7
253
Training in emergency Estimated medicine % seriously available injured patients Universal access transported by For For Country/area telephone number ambulance doctors nurses no ambulance Malawi None Yes services Malaysia National 75 Yes Yes Maldives National 10 No No Mali National 75 Yes No Malta National 5074 Yes Yes Marshall Islands National 10 No No Mauritania Multiple 1149 Yes No Mauritius National 1149 Yes Yes Mexico Multiple 75 Yes Yes no ambulance Micronesia (Federated States No No None services of) Mongolia Subnational 10 No No Montenegro Multiple 75 Yes No Morocco National 75 Yes No Mozambique 10 Yes No Myanmar Subnational 10 No No Namibia Multiple 5074 Yes Yes Nepal None 10 Yes No Netherlands National 75 Yes Yes New Zealand National 1149 Yes Yes Nicaragua Multiple 5074 Yes No Niger Multiple 10 Yes No Nigeria National 1149 Yes Yes Niue National 5074 No Yes Norway National 75 Yes Yes Oman National 5074 Yes No Pakistan Subnational 1149 Yes No Palau National 75 No No Panama National 75 Yes Yes Papua New Guinea National Paraguay National 5074 Yes No Peru Multiple 10 Yes Yes Philippines National 10 Yes Yes Poland Multiple 5074 Yes Yes Portugal National 75 No Yes Qatar National 75 Yes No Republic of Korea National 1149 Yes Yes Republic of Moldova National 75 Yes Yes Romania National 75 Yes Yes Russian Federation National 1149 Yes Yes Rwanda National 10 Saint Kitts and Nevis National 75 Yes No Saint Lucia National 75 Yes No Saint Vincent and the Multiple 10 Yes No Grenadines Samoa Multiple 1149 Yes Yes San Marino Multiple 5074 Yes Yes Sao Tome and Principe None 10 No No Saudi Arabia National 5074 Yes Yes Senegal National 75 Yes No Serbia Multiple 75 Yes No Seychelles National 75 Yes Yes
Emergency-room based injury Vital surveillance registration system exists system exists No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated % road trafc crash victims with permanent disability 0.6 1.4 4.0 25.0 3.0 9.0 0.6 15.0
254
Country/area Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripb Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a b
Training in emergency Estimated medicine % seriously available injured patients Universal access transported by For For telephone number ambulance doctors nurses no ambulance None No services National 75 Yes Yes National 75 Yes Yes National 5074 Yes No National 10 No No Multiple 5074 Yes Yes National 75 No Yes Subnational 10 No No National 1149 Yes No National 75 No No Multiple 5074 Yes Yes National 75 Yes Yes National Yes Yes Multiple 1149 Yes Yes National 1149 No Yes National 5074 Yes No National National Multiple Multiple National Multiple National None National National National National National National National National Multiple National National National Multiple None 1149 1149 75 75 10 75 75 10 75 75 75 10 1149 10 10 1149 10 1149 Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Emergency-room based injury Vital surveillance registration system exists system exists No No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated % road trafc crash victims with permanent disability 2.1 6.0 4.6a 11.5 10.7 0.4 1.2
Of admitted patients. Non-member area.
255
TABLE A4 SPEED LAWS AND ENFORCEMENT BY COUNTRY/AREA
Maximum speed Speed limits are set Country/area at a national level Afghanistan Yes Albania Yes Andorra Yes Angola Yes Argentina Yes Armenia Yes Australia Subnational Austria Yes Azerbaijan Yes Bahamas Yes Bahrain Yes Bangladesh Yes Barbados Yes Belarus Yes Belgium Yes Belize Yes Benin Yes Bhutan Yes Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Yes Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Botswana Yes Brazil Yes Brunei Darussalam Yes Bulgaria Yes Burkina Faso Yes Burundi Yes Cambodia Yes Cameroon Yes Canada Subnational Cape Verde Yes Central African Republic Yes Chad Yes Chile Yes China Yes Colombia Yes Comoros Subnational Congo Subnational Cook Islands Yes Costa Rica Yes Cte d'Ivoire Yes Croatia Yes Cuba Yes Cyprus Yes Czech Republic Yes Democratic People's Yes Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Yes Congo Denmark Yes Dominica Subnational Dominican Republic Subnational
256
Speed limits are modiable at a local level No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
On urban roads (km/h) 40 40 50 60 4060 60 50 50 60 40 6080 50 40 60 50 40 50 30 40 50 60 3080 80 50 50 40 60 50 60 60 60 3050 80 30 4060 50 40 60 50 50 50 50 70 60 50 35
On rural roads (km/h) 40 80 80 80110 60 110 100 60 72 50 50 60 90 90 40 50 50 40 80 60 60110 65 90 90 60 100 4070 120 70 50110 50 40 110 90 60 80 90 90 80 60
Around schools (km/h) 20 20 50 2040 20 40 60 24 3050 2540 60 40 30 25 50 10 3050 60 3080 30 40 30 40 40 30 30 20 30 50 25 30 40 40 3050 3050 1020 20 25
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 3 7 9 4 7 5 8 7 8 6 5 3 4 7 6 2 4 2 2 6 8 6 6 7 3 3 7 3 6 5 3 2 4 4 3 3 2 2 8 9 7 8 7 7 10 5 5 3 3
Maximum speed Speed limits are set at a national level Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Speed limits are modiable at a local level Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes On urban roads (km/h) 50 60 50 20 50 60 50 50 50 60 25 60 50 50 50 3090 60 50 50 40 50 50 60 60 5060 60 50 50 50 50 7090 60 50 40 80 60 40 50 80 50 40 50 50 50 50 50 30 50 On rural roads (km/h) 90 60 50 90 70 80 80 90 80 30 60 100 80 90 40100 90 50 50 60 90 8090 40 60 75 100 8090 90 5080 6070 110 100 60 40 60 80 90 50 80 90 90 80 90 30 50 Around schools (km/h) 30 40 10 20 20 30 40 30 25 30 30 30 50 50 20 3050 25 25 3050 30 3060 50 50 5080 40 20 50 40 40 2040 30 40 50 24 50 50 30 30 30
Country/area Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 7 4 4 4 8 5 3 9 9 4 4 8 4 6 3 2 2 4 5 7 7 3 4 6 6 4 7 6 7 8 7 3 2 2 3 6 7 6 2 0 7 6 3 5 5 6 3

257
Maximum speed Speed limits are set at a national level Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Speed limits are modiable at a local level No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes On urban roads (km/h) 50 40 80 90 50 60 50 60 60 48 60 40 50 50 45 50 50 40 50 100 95 40 40 60 50 60 40 50 50 80 80 50 50 60 40 32 25 32 40 50 3040 80 50 50 40 40 70 50 50 60 60 On rural roads (km/h) 80 40 80 80 80 80 100 120 48 100 80 80 100 45 60 50 60 80 80 65 6080 75 80110 60 90100 90 40 80 50 50 60 60 64 25 56 50 5060 90 80 65 50 90 90 100 Around schools (km/h) 24 40 25 40 40 30-60 15 40 15-50 50 25 50 50 40 4050 60 40 24 30 25 10 30 20 50 30 30 30 32 24 24 30 30 50 30 40 50 3050 60
Country/area Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa
258
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 8 7 3 5 4 3 5 7 5 5 5 3 7 8 3 1 1 2 7 5 3 7 8 0 4 3 3 5 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 6 0 8 7 6 3 7 3 5 3 2 7 6 6 3 3
Maximum speed Speed limits are set at a national level Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Speed limits are modiable at a local level Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes On urban roads (km/h) 50 50 50 3040 60 50 50 80 60 80 60 50 40 40 50 50 50 50 60 80 48 3050 45 70 40 40 50 50 60 65 60 On rural roads (km/h) 90 70 30 4080 80 80 80 60 60 90 40 45 60 65 50 90 80 60 60 97 90 70 45 15 50 80 60 Around schools (km/h) 50 25 30 60 30 30 20 30 40 50 50 30 40 48 50 20 50 20 15 30 40
Country/area Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip a Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 7 4 6 6 3 6 7 8 8 3 7 4 6 7 0 4 8 3 7 9 4 3 10 1 3 7 4 1 6 7
Non WHO member-area.
259
TABLE A5 DRINKING AND DRIVING LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO ALCOHOL BY COUNTRY/AREA
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark
National drinkdriving law Noa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Drinkdriving is dened by BAC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
National maximum legal BAC levels For the general For young or For professional population novice drivers or commercial (g/dl) (g/dl) drivers (g/dl) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.05c 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.050.08 0.00 0.050.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.039 0.039 0.039 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.05
260
Random breath testing or police check points used for enforcement Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 6 8 5 6 6 8 9 7 5 4 0 8 5 4 3 5 6 6 7 6 9 7 2 4 3 3 6 3 3 1 5 9 4 2 2 6 8 5 8 6 8 5 10 4 5
Proportion of road trafc deaths that are attributable to alcohol % 21.0 0.0 33.0 5.8 30.0 6.0 31.0 1.8 17.3 25.0b 3.6 / 5.2d 4.7 9.0 3.7 16.0 33.0 18.0 3.0 18.0 100.0 30.3 43.3 13.6 20.0
261
Country/area Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania
262
National drinkdriving law Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Noa Yesa Yes Yes Yesa
Drinkdriving is dened by BAC Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
National maximum legal BAC levels For the general For young or For professional population novice drivers or commercial (g/dl) (g/dl) drivers (g/dl) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.020.05e 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.08
Random breath testing or police check points used for enforcement No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 2 2 8 4 5 3 8 3 6 9 8 4 2 8 3 7 2 2 3 6 8 8 8 3 5 7 8 7 7 3 8 5 7 2 5 7 3 3 8 3 5 5 8 4 3 5 4 3 4 8 5
Proportion of road trafc deaths that are attributable to alcohol % 4.0 60.0 15.0 6.0 23.5 30.8 38.5 11.0 61.0 4.0 8.3 20.0 11.0 10.0 2.0 6.3 0.0 2.3 67.0 59.0 50.0 10.1 12.8 63.0 34.5 23.3
263
Country/area Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname
264
National drinkdriving law Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes
Drinkdriving is dened by BAC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
National maximum legal BAC levels For the general For young or For professional population novice drivers or commercial (g/dl) (g/dl) drivers (g/dl) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.08 0.050.08 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.049 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.049 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.02 0.049 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.05
Random breath testing or police check points used for enforcement Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 5 6 1 5 7 6 5 5 5 3 7 7 1 1 2 4 7 7 3 8 8 2 4 5 0 8 8 7 7 6 8 7 8 3 0 8 9 7 8 3 5 5 2 9 5 7 3 2 6 6 7 5
Proportion of road trafc deaths that are attributable to alcohol % 31.7 23.4 28.4 30.0 30.0 20.0 32.0 7.0 100.0 15.0 0.6 100.0 25.0 60.0 1.4 9.4 31.0 2.0 16.5 8.6 7.9 7.8 0.1 10.0 5.5 50.0 11.0 7.5 36.0 55.0 31.0
265
Country/area Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripf Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a b c d e f
National drinkdriving law Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yesa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yesa Yes Yes
Drinkdriving is dened by BAC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
National maximum legal BAC levels For the general For young or For professional population novice drivers or commercial (g/dl) (g/dl) drivers (g/dl) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.08 0-0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.08 0.000.02 0.03 0.00 0.08 0-0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.08 0-0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08
Alcohol consumption is prohibited. Of drivers and pedestrians. Applies to public transport drivers only. 3.6% in the Federation, 5.2% in the Republic of Srpska. 0.05 g/dl for truck drivers and 0.02 g/dl for drivers of buses or coaches. Non-member area.
266
Random breath testing or police check points used for enforcement No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 6 5 6 8 9 5 8 3 7 4 3 8 2 5 8 3 7 10 7 5 3 4 3 2 1
Proportion of road trafc deaths that are attributable to alcohol % 9.0 22.0 17.0 1.9 25.8 1.0 3.4 3.4 1.3 19.0 32.0 38.0 7.5 50.0
267
TABLE A6 HELMET LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY /AREA
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic
268
There is a national helmet law No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
The law applies to the following road users Adult Drivers passengers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
The law applies to All engine All road types types Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
There are helmet standards Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 6 9 7 6 1 8 9 5 6 7 4 8 9 8 6 2 10 2 5 10 7 10 4 1 6 1 10 8 2 5 9 2 6 2 3 1 8 5 8 9 6 8 10 2 5 3
Child passengers Minimum age (years)/ Required to wear a height (cm) helmet None Yes 5 Yes Yes None Yes 12 Yes 8 Yes 12 Yes None Yes Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes 12 Yes 8 Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None No 12 Yes None Yes 7 Yes None Yes 12 Yes 5 Yes None No 5 Yes None Yes 7 Yes 12 years / 120 cm Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes 6 years / 70 cm Yes 5 Yes None No None Yes None Yes 12 Yes 7 Yes 12 Yes 12 Yes 17 12 years / 120 cm 135 cm None Yes Yes Yes No
Estimated helmet wearing rate (%) 65.0% All riders, 40.0% Passengers 98.0% Drivers, 98.0% Passengers 46.2% Drivers, 23.7% Passengers 99.0% Drivers 95.0% All riders 80.0% Drivers, 15.0% Passengers 100.0% Drivers, 100.0% Passengers 80.0% Drivers, 30.0% Passengers 9.2% All riders 65.0% Drivers, 9.0% Passengers 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% Passengers 98.0% Drivers, 99.0% Passengers 99.0% Drivers, 40.0% Passengers 3.0% Drivers, 0.0% Passengers 99.5% Drivers, 99.1% Passengers 50.0% Drivers 75.0% Drivers, 68.3% Passengers 90.0% Drivers, 80.0% Passengers 96.0%99.0% All riders
269
Country/area Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico
270
There is a national helmet law Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational
The law applies to the following road users Adult Drivers passengers Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
The law applies to All engine All road types types Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
There are helmet standards Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 7 2 6 7 9 6 7 9 9 5 6 4 6 3 2 2 8 9 8 10 2 8 4 4 8 7 1 9 5 7 4 2 3 8 7 5 4 8 9 3 8 5 8 2 10 7 1 9 5
Child passengers Minimum age (years)/ Required to wear a height (cm) helmet None Yes None No None Yes 12 years / 135 cm Yes 12 Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes 5 Yes 12 Yes None Yes None Yes 5 Yes None Yes None Yes 12 years / 150 cm Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes None No None Yes Yes 5 Yes None Yes None Yes None Yes 12 Yes None Yes None No 12 Yes 15 14 None None 12 12 None 16 None None None None 7 None None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated helmet wearing rate (%) 71.0% Drivers, 71.0% Passengers 88.0%96.0% All riders 97.0% Drivers, 98.0% Passengers 34.2% Drivers, 1.9% Passengers 74.0% Drivers, 34.0% Passengers 40.0% All riders 95.0% Drivers, 95.0% Passengers 50.0% Drivers, <10% Passengers 80.0% Drivers, 52.0% Passengers 30.0% Drivers, 10.0% Passengers 95.0% Drivers, 95.0% Passengers 92.4% All riders 5.9% Drivers, 4.6% Passengers 55.0% Drivers, 45.0% Passengers 60.0% All riders, 75.0% Drivers 32.4% Drivers, 2.0% Passengers 65.0% Drivers, 40.0% Passengers 76.0% All riders 75.0% Drivers, 83.7% Passengers
271
Country/area Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden
272
There is a national helmet law Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
The law applies to the following road users Adult Drivers passengers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
The law applies to All engine All road types types Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
There are helmet standards No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 2 6 6 3 6 6 7 7 9 6 2 2 7 8 9 2 10 9 5 5 2 5 9 9 8 6 5 8 5 7 6 6 8 8 9 7 4 5 5 8 3 9 7 7 5 6 9 6 6 5 7 7
Child passengers Minimum age (years)/ Required to wear a height (cm) helmet 12 7 None 8 None 17 None None None None None None None None None None None None None 13 None None None 7 None 18 12 None 12 None None None None None None None None 12 None None 10 12 12 None 12 None None 10 16 None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Estimated helmet wearing rate (%) 70.0% Drivers, 5.0% Passengers 79.0% Drivers, 24.0% Passengers 48.0 - 51.0% All riders 12.0% All riders 91-94% Drivers, 84.0% Passengers 99.0% Drivers, 99.0% Passengers 10.0% All riders 98.0% Drivers, 95.0% Passengers 45.0% Drivers, 20.0% Passengers 51.3% All riders, 86.7% Drivers 94.0% Drivers, 94.0% Passengers 89.0% Drivers, 76.0% Passengers 95.0% Drivers, 20.0% Passengers 53.3% Drivers, 18.0% Passengers 5.0% All riders, 35.0% Drivers 53.7% Drivers, 13.8% Passengers 95.0% Drivers, 90.0% Passengers 98.0% Drivers, 91.0% Passengers 99.0% Drivers, 87.0% Passengers 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% Passengers 90.0% Drivers, 70.0% Passengers 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% Passengers
273
Country/area Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripb Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a b
There is a national helmet law Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
The law applies to the following road users Adult Drivers passengers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
The law applies to All engine All road types types Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
There are helmet standards Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No
No child passengers allowed on motorized two-wheelers. Non-member area.
274
Effectiveness of overall enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 8 6 7 6 7 5 4 7 8 6 8 1 5 8 2 5 10 8 1 9 5 5 8
Child passengers Minimum age (years)/ Required to wear a height (cm) helmet None Yes None No None Yes None Yes 14 7 7 None 6 None None 12 None None None None None None None Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Not applicablea Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Estimated helmet wearing rate (%) 100.0% Drivers 53.0% Drivers, 19.0% Passengers 50.0% All riders, 50.0% Drivers 90.0% Drivers, 90.0% Passengers 55.0% Drivers, 51.0% Passengers 60.0% All riders 45.0% All riders 90.0% All riders, 75.0% Drivers
275
TABLE A7 SEAT-BELT AND CHILD RESTRAINT LAWS, ENFORCEMENT AND WEARING RATES BY COUNTRY/AREA
Seat-belt law There is a national seat-belt law No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The law applies to front and rear occupants Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 7 7 8 5 7 7 6 5 6 3 3 7 7 5 7 5 2 5 8 6 6 7 5 3 8 7 4 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 8 7 7 8 10 7 2
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark
276
Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Front seat occupants (%) 62.0 60.0 29.1 97.0 86.0 85.7 60.0 20.0 85.0 95.5 51.0 59.0 2.0 79.3 30.0 83.0 85.9 90.0 Rear seat occupants (%) 2.0 10.0 10.8 92.0 65.0 50.0 30.0 5.0 30.0 89.2 10.0 0.0 47.9 10.0 52.0 13.4 60.0 93.0 All seat occupants (%) 60.0 33.3 86.0 52.0 65.0 95.3 75.2 15.0 67.0 80.0
Drivers only (%) 75.0 60.0 39.3 87.0 23.2 85.6 70.0 20.0 72.0 80.0 95.7 52.0 57.0 15.0 82.0 50.0 63.0 85.9 80.0 92.0
Child restraints Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement There is a national child (respondent consensus) restraint law (scale 010) No Yes 4 Yes 5 Yes 4 Yes 4 Yes 1 Subnational 6 Yes 9 No Yes 6 No No Yes 5 Yes 7 Yes 6 No No No No Yes 6 No Yes 6 Yes 5 Yes 4 No No Yes No Subnational 8 Yes 0 Yes 0 No Yes 4 No Yes 1 No No No Yes 9 No Yes 5 Yes 0 Yes 3 Yes 9 No Yes Yes 0 4
277
Seat-belt law There is a national seat-belt law Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The law applies to front and rear occupants Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 2 4 6 5 5 3 8 9 3 8 9 7 9 9 3 7 4 5 8 7 7 8 2 8 5 8 8 6 5 7 6 6 3 1 1 8 2 7 5 2 7 8 3 5 4 7 8 8 7
Country/area Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands
278
Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Front seat occupants (%) 58.0 95.0 93.0 89.0 98.0 4.9 72.0 79.2 90.0 80.0 90.0 91.0 43.9 97.0 70.0 88.2 13.7 78.0 45.0 76.8 96.3 Rear seat occupants (%) 73.0 84.0 97.0 21.0 49.3 73.0 79.0 69.0 10.3 4.0 63.7 50.0 45.5 60.0 10.0 7.7 All seat occupants (%) 60.0 87.0 91.0 96.099.0 98.0 77.0 82.0 89.0 87.9 60.0 79.0
Drivers only (%) 63.0 94.0 96.0 92.0 95.0 98.0 17.6 78.0 50.3 79.2 90.0 27.0 90.0 90.0 96.0 63.3 50.6 99.2 60.0 13.7 81.0 65.0 85.7
Child restraints Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement There is a national child (respondent consensus) restraint law (scale 010) No No Yes 1 No Yes No Yes 8 Yes 1 Yes 2 Yes 8 Yes 8 Subnational Yes 1 Yes 5 Yes Yes 0 Yes 5 No No No No No Yes 7 Yes 8 No No No No Yes Yes 6 Yes 5 Yes 2 Yes 7 No Yes 6 No Yes 0 No Yes 4 Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No 8 8 7 1 8
279
Seat-belt law There is a national seat-belt law Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes The law applies to front and rear occupants Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 4 8 5 6 3 8 5 5 1 7 9 6 6 8 9 3 8 3 5 7 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 9 7 9 9 10 8 8 4 5 4 3 8 4 7 1 7
Country/area Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka
280
Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Front seat occupants (%) 97.4 29.1 41.0 52.0 55.0 96.6 96.0 92.0 90.0 90.0 85.0 79.0 85.6 78.2 49.0 97.0 90.0 55.085.0 15.0 92.9 67.0 87.7 46.0 Rear seat occupants (%) 0.2 4.2 10.0 1.0 82.0 88.0 90.0 1.4 10.0 50.0 42.0 28.2 6.3 7.5 50.0 10.035.0 5.0 69.1 79.5 All seat occupants (%) 63.8 54.1 18.0 56.0 95.8 92.0 95.0 15.0 87.0
Drivers only (%) 93.8 58.0 56.0 51.0 44.6 96.9 96.0 76.0 94.0 95.0 4.0 90.0 87.0 79.7 85.6 89.6 88.5 47.0 77.0 95.0 65.085.0 25.0 91.6 58.6 88.6 79.0
Child restraints Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement There is a national child (respondent consensus) restraint law (scale 010) Subnational No Subnational 1 No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No 0 1 1 7 8 9 7 6 8 3 2 5 6 8 10 7 1 2 7 6 8 1 6
281
Seat-belt law There is a national seat-belt law Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The law applies to front and rear occupants No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Effectiveness of seat-belt law enforcement (respondent consensus) (scale 010) 10 8 7 7 7 9 4 6 8 2 8 6 8 1 4 8 4 5 10 1 2 7 7 5 8 4
Country/area Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripa Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a
Non-member area.
282
Estimated seat-belt wearing rate(s) Front seat occupants (%) 80.0 70.0 96.0 89.0 90.0 42.0 50.0 78.0 96.0 84.0 Rear seat occupants (%) 20.0 30.0 87.0 79.0 5.0 90.5 70.0 All seat occupants (%) 10.0 50.0 95.0 60.1 81.0 85.0
Drivers only (%) 80.0 60.0 96.0 89.0 90.0 61.0 50.0 81.0 96.5 86.0
Child restraints Effectiveness of child restraint law enforcement There is a national child (respondent consensus) restraint law (scale 010) No Yes 4 No Yes 7 Yes 7 No Yes 1 No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Subnational Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No 3 5 2 2 5 1 5
283
TABLE A8 MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY/AREA
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador
284
Legislation on mobile phone use while driving No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Subnational Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
Law applies to Hand-held and Hand-held phones hands-free phones Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Data on the use of mobile phones while driving available No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No
Country/area Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands
Legislation on mobile phone use while driving Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Law applies to Hand-held and Hand-held phones hands-free phones Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No No
Data on the use of mobile phones while driving available No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
285
Country/area Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname
286
Legislation on mobile phone use while driving Yes Yes Subnational No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Subnational No Yes No No Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Law applies to Hand-held and Hand-held phones hands-free phones Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes No
Data on the use of mobile phones while driving available No No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes
Country/area Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripa Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a
Legislation on mobile phone use while driving Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Subnational No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Law applies to Hand-held and Hand-held phones hands-free phones Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No
Data on the use of mobile phones while driving available Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No
Non-member area.
287
TABLE A9 ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS BY COUNTRY / AREA
Country/area Afghanistan Albania Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador
288
Lead agency A lead agency is The lead agency is present funded No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Functions of the lead agency Coordination No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Legislation No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Monitoring & evaluation No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes
Road safety strategies There is a national road safety strategy The strategy is funded Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes No Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes No Yes No No Yes Not funded Partially
Road safety targets Fatal No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Non-fatal No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
289
Country/area Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of)
290
Lead agency A lead agency is The lead agency is present funded Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Functions of the lead agency Coordination Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Legislation Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Monitoring & evaluation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Road safety strategies There is a national road safety strategy The strategy is funded Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Fully Yes Not funded Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Not funded Yes Fully No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Partially Partially Partially Partially Fully Partially Partially Partially Partially Not funded Partially Fully Partially
Road safety targets Fatal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Non-fatal Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
291
Country/area Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic
292
Lead agency A lead agency is The lead agency is present funded Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Functions of the lead agency Coordination Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Legislation No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Monitoring & evaluation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Road safety strategies There is a national road safety strategy The strategy is funded No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially No No Yes Partially No Yes Fully Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Partially No Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Fully Yes Not funded Yes Not funded No Yes Fully Yes Not funded Yes Fully Yes Partially Yes Partially No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Partially Fully Fully Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially
Road safety targets Fatal Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Non-fatal Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
293
Country/area Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Stripa Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
a
Lead agency A lead agency is The lead agency is present funded Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Functions of the lead agency Coordination Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Legislation Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Monitoring & evaluation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Non-member area.
294
Road safety strategies There is a national road safety strategy The strategy is funded Yes Partially Yes Partially Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partially Partially Partially Partially Not funded Partially Partially Fully Not funded Fully Partially Partially Not funded Partially Not funded
Road safety targets Fatal No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Non-fatal No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No
295
TABLE A10 SAFER MOBILITY BY COUNTRY / AREA
Vehicles Number of registered Country/area vehicles Afghanistan 731 428 Albania 419 893 Andorra 70 914 Angola 212 467 Argentina 14 163 125 Armenia 300 091 Australia 16 061 098 Austria 6 091 881 Azerbaijan 982 553 Bahamas 131 365 Bahrain 462 015 Bangladesh 1 624 862 Barbados 133 835 Belarus 3 829 244 Belgium 7 050 618 Belize Benin 25 613 Bhutan 57 618 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 910 333 Bosnia and Herzegovina 815 232 Botswana 394 548 Brazil 64 817 974 Brunei Darussalam 349 279 Bulgaria 3 284 837 Burkina Faso 884 750 Burundi 30 045a Cambodia 1 652 534 Cameroon 443 018 Canada 21 387 132 Cape Verde 64 282 Central African Republic 4 781 Chad 243 644 Chile 3 375 523 China 207 061 286 Colombia 7 229 373 Comoros 29 970 Congo 25 202 Cook Islands 9 439 Costa Rica 923 591 Cte d'Ivoire 474 873 Croatia 1 969 587 Cuba 607 675 Cyprus 774 492b Czech Republic 7 262 647 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the 350 000 Congo Denmark 3 108 962 Dominica 23 566
296
There are policies that Promote walking and cycling No Yes Subnational No Subnational No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No Subnational No No No No Subnational No No No Yes No Subnational No No No No No Subnational Subnational Yes Yes Yes No No No Promote investment in public transportation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Subnational Subnational Subnational No Yes No Subnational No No No Yes Subnational Yes No No No No No Subnational Subnational Yes Subnational No No No Separate vulnerable road users from highspeed trafc No Subnational Yes No Subnational No Yes Subnational No No No Subnational No Yes Subnational No Yes No No No No Yes No Subnational Yes No No Yes Subnational No No No Subnational Subnational Yes No No No Yes Subnational Subnational Subnational Yes Subnational Yes No No No
Road audits Conducted by an independent assessor No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
On new roads Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
On existing roads Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Yes No Yes Partial No Yes Yes No Yes Partial Partial Yes Partial Yes Partial Yes Partial No Yes Yes No Partial No No Partial Partial Partial Yes Partial Partial Yes Partial Partial Yes
Vehicle standards Signatory to World Forum on Harmonization of vehicle standards No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No New cars subjected to New Car Assessment Programme No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No
Legislation for imported new cars requires Anti-lock Braking System No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No Electronic Stability Control No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No Demerit/Penalty Point System in Place Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
297
Front and rear seat-belts No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Airbags No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No
Vehicles Number of registered vehicles 2 734 740 1 039 364 5 853 728 715 345c 8 503 664 644 377 943 77 625 5 331 582d 34 276 000 195 000 17 416 736 470 50 184 000 1 122 700 7 910 565 2 118 516 33 943 54 153 12 363 983 800 3 608 834 296 479 114 952 000 72 692 951 20 657 627 3 391 057 2 416 387 2 458 716 52 586 499 502 265 89 871 090 1 075 453 3 249 966 1 389 864 1 618 1 570 000 430 314 1 008 788 806 462 1 525 738 1 030 951 1 910 373 444 353 166 112 173 800 20 188 565 50 052 211 906 425 517 1 892
There are policies that Promote walking and cycling No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Subnational Yes No No Subnational No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Subnational Yes Yes Subnational No No No No Subnational No No No No Yes Yes No No Subnational No No No No Promote investment in public transportation Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Subnational No Yes Yes Subnational No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Yes No No No No Yes Yes Subnational No Yes No No Yes No Separate vulnerable road users from highspeed trafc No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Subnational Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Subnational Subnational Subnational No Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes Subnational No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No
Road audits Conducted by an independent assessor No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
Country/area Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands
298
On new roads Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
On existing roads No Partial Yes Partial Yes Partial Partial Partial Yes Yes Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes No Partial No Partial No Partial Yes Partial Partial Partial No Partial No Yes No Yes Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial Partial Yes Yes Partial Partial Partial Partial Partial No Partial Yes Partial
Vehicle standards Signatory to World Forum on Harmonization of vehicle standards No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No New cars subjected to New Car Assessment Programme Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Legislation for imported new cars requires Anti-lock Braking System No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Electronic Stability Control No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Demerit/Penalty Point System in Place No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
299
Front and rear seat-belts Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Airbags Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No
Vehicles Number of registered vehicles 388 305 384 115 30 904 659 8 337 365 959 187 913 2 791 004 380 343 2 326 639 229 806 1 178 911 9 340 006 3 227 000 445 974 155 115 12 545 177 848 3 134 652 804 233 7 853 022 5 774 612 000 919 247 3 155 614 6 634 855 22 024 697 8 730 885 754 439 19 710 776 640 727 5 027 936 43 325 312 93 532 22 209 56 601 27 176 14 965 56 190 1 101 6 599 216 326 352 2 419 569 15 316 45 006 945 829 2 339 358 1 374 900 16 798 9 587 781 31 086 035
There are policies that Promote walking and cycling No No Subnational Subnational Subnational No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No Subnational Yes Yes Subnational Yes No Subnational No No No No No No No No No No Subnational No Yes Yes Yes No Subnational Yes Promote investment in public transportation Yes No Yes Subnational Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational Subnational No Yes No Subnational Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No Subnational Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Separate vulnerable road users from highspeed trafc No No Subnational No No No Yes No Subnational Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Subnational No Yes No No Subnational Subnational Yes Subnational Yes No Subnational No No No No Subnational Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Road audits Conducted by an independent assessor No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
Country/area Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain
300
On new roads Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
On existing roads Yes Yes Yes No Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial Yes Yes No Partial Partial No Yes Partial No Yes Yes No Yes Partial No Yes Partial Partial Yes Yes Partial Partial No Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Partial Yes
Vehicle standards Signatory to World Forum on Harmonization of vehicle standards Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes New cars subjected to New Car Assessment Programme Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Legislation for imported new cars requires Anti-lock Braking System No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No Electronic Stability Control No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Demerit/Penalty Point System in Place No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
301
Front and rear seat-belts Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Airbags No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No
Vehicles Number of registered vehicles 3 954 311 116 711 190 746 153 013 5 231 589 5 524 496 2 070 357 357 869 28 484 829
There are policies that Promote walking and cycling No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Subnational No No No No No Subnational No No Subnational Yes No Yes No Subnational No Subnational No No No No Promote investment in public transportation Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Subnational Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Subnational No Yes Yes No Yes No No Separate vulnerable road users from highspeed trafc No No No No Yes Subnational No No No No No Subnational No No No No No No Subnational Subnational Yes Subnational Subnational No No Yes No No No Yes
Road audits Conducted by an independent assessor No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No
Country/area Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic 355 131 of Macedonia Timor-Leste 9 660 Togo 49 378 Tonga 5 806 Trinidad and Tobago 321 191 Tunisia 1 489 075 Turkey 15 095 603 Uganda 635 656 Ukraine 14 427 680 United Arab Emirates 2 260 000 United Kingdom 35 170 629 United Republic of Tanzania 977 468 United States of America 258 957 503 Uruguay 1 287 012 Uzbekistan Vanuatu 5 153 Venezuela (Bolivarian 4 051 705 Republic of) Viet Nam 33 166 411 West Bank and Gaza Stripe 194 702 Yemen 969 725 Zambia 337 513f Zimbabwe 862 756
a b c d e f g
On new roads No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
On existing roads No Yes Yes Yes Partial No Yes Yes No Yes Partial No Partial Partial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Partial Yes No Yes
Civilian vehicles. Trailers are not included. Up to July 2011. Includes trailers. Non-member area. Number does not include vehicles registered to the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ). Subnational.
302
Vehicle standards Signatory to World Forum on Harmonization of vehicle standards No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No No New cars subjected to New Car Assessment Programme No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No
Legislation for imported new cars requires Anti-lock Braking System No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Electronic Stability Control No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No Demerit/Penalty Point System in Place No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Nog No No No No No Yes No No Yes
Front and rear seat-belts No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Airbags No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No
303
PHOTO CREDITS
Cover front (left to right): PAHO, WHO/P. Virot, WHO/N. Di Tanno Cover back (left to right): WHO/K. Bartolomeos, WHO/M. Peden, WHO/M. Khayesi Page v: WHO/C.Black Page viii: UN Photo/Nasim Fekrat Page ix: WHO/T. Pietrasik Page 5: Make Roads Safe Page 8: WHO/M. Peden Page 13: Master Media/P. Polurotov Page 15: 2013, Bloomberg Philanthropies Page 19: GRSP, CRC/S. Kong, C. Meas Page 21: 2013, Bloomberg Philanthropies Page 23: WHO/A. Villaveces Page 24: WHO/Z. Vapur Page 27: www.eltis.org Page 28: 2013, Bloomberg Philanthropies Page 31: New York City Department of Transportation Page 32: Amend/J. Witte Page 34: EMBARQ/M. Pai Page 35: FIA Foundation Page 37: WHO/E.Krug
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Department of Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability (VIP)
20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 E-mail: trafc@who.int www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention
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GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2013

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY 2013

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies.

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Executive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 1. The current state of global road safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 2. New road safety laws: progress to date

Section 3. Transport policies neglect pedestrians and cyclists

Conclusions and recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References

Dr Margaret Chan Director-General World Health Organization

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

The Decade of Action for Road Safety

Figure 1 Goal of the Decade of Action for Road Safety 20112020

Projected increase without action

5 million lives saved

Projected reduction if action taken

The purpose of this report

Middle-income countries are hardest hit

Countries with increasing numbers of deaths

Countries with decreasing numbers of deaths

a See Table A2 in Statistical Annex for information on income-level classications

1% 12% 16% 12% 8%

52% 72% Population

80% Road trafc deaths Registered motorized vehiclesa

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

Road trafc deaths per 100 000 population

Figure 7 Road trafc deaths by type of road user, by WHO region

7% 27% 50% 4% 12%

Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrians Other

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Low-income Middle-income High-income

Non-fatal crash injuries are poorly documented

High-income Middle-income Low-income

Harmonizing data collection on road trafc deaths

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

Percentage (%) of countries

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

Progress to reduce excessive speed has stalled

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

Reducing urban speeds protects pedestrians and cyclists

Figure 13 Urban speed laws by country/area

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

Data not available Not applicable

Speed limits need stronger enforcement

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

REDUCING DRINKING AND DRIVING

Strong drinkdrive laws protect almost 70% of worlds population

More stringent drinkdrive laws for high-risk drivers

Drinkdrive laws need stronger enforcement

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

Figure 14 Drinkdrive laws, by country/area

20 15 10 5 0 High-income Middle-income Low-income

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION

INCREASING MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE

More effort is needed to promote helmet standards and quality

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ROAD SAFETY, 2013

SUPPORTING A DECADE OF ACTION