Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
PGINA 91
P RACTICA
Monomios
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 2
d) Grado 1
e) Grado 1
f ) Grado 3
g) Grado 0
h) Grado 2
i) Grado 0
2x 2, 1 x 2, 4 x 2
2
5
3
3
3x , x
Son semejantes:
3 x, 1 x
4
3
3, 1
5
()
( ) = 25 18 = 201
x= 1 8 2 1
2
5
2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
()
()
Simplifica.
2 2
x + 5x 2
3
1 2
d) 2 x 2
x + x2
10
5
5
1
f ) x 2 + x 2 + 2x 2
2
2
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6
c)
b) 3x 2
1
x 3x + x
2
4
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3
a) 2x 6 3x 6 x 6 = (2 3 1)x 6 = 2x 6
) ( )
c) 1 x 3 x + x = ( 1 3 + 1) x = ( 2 3 + 4 ) x = 3 x
2
4
2 4
4 4 4
4
2
1
2
1
4
1
10
13
d) x
x +x =(
+ 1)x = (
+
x =
x
)
5
10
5 10
10 10 10
10
b) 3x 2 2 x 2 + 5x 2 = 3 2 + 5 x 2 = 8 2 x 2 = 22 x 2
3
3
3
3
e) 2x 3 + x 3 3x 3 = (2 + 1 3)x 3 = 4x 3
f)
) (
5 2 1 2
5 1
4
+ 2 x 2 = + 2 x 2 = 0x 2 = 0
x + x + 2x 2 = +
2
2
2 2
2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
5x 4,
B=
20x 4,
C = 2x, calcula:
b) A B
c) 3A + 2B
C2
f) A2 + C8
d) A 3
e)
g) A B
h)A C
i) B C
j) B : A
k) A : B
l) (B : C ) A
A = 5x 4
a) A + B =
B = 20x 4
5x 4
20x 4
C = 2x
15x 4
b) A B = 5x 4 20x 4 = 25x 4
c) 3A + 2B = 3 (5x 4) + 2 (20x 4) = 15x 4 + 40x 4 = 25x 4
d) A 3 = (5x 4) 3 = 125x 12
e) C 2 = (2x) 2 = 4x 2
f ) A 2 + C 8 = (5x 4) 2 + (2x) 8 = 25x 8 + 256x 8 = 281x 8
g) A B = (5x 4) (20x 4) = 100x 8
h) A C = (5x 4) (2x) = 10x 5
i) B C = (20x 4) (2x) = 40x 5
j) B : A = (20x 4) : (5x 4) = 4
k) A : B = (5x 4) : (20x 4) = 5 = 1
20
4
4
l) (B : C ) A = 20x (5x 4) = (10x 3) (5x 4) = 50x 7
2x
b) 3 x 3 (2x 2) 2x
4
c) 2x 3 (x 2) 5x
d) x 1 x 3 x
5
2
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x)
3
f ) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2
5
4
3
( )
( )
d) x 1 x 3 x = 3 x 3 8 Grado 3
2
5
10
e) 1 x 3x 2 (x) = x 4 8 Grado 4
3
f ) 2 x 2 3 x 10 x 2 = 2 3 10 x 5 = x 5 8 Grado 5
5
4
3
5 4 3
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
b) (4x 6) : (2x)
c) (3x 3) : (2x 2)
d) (18x 3) : (2x 3)
e)
20x 3
2x 2
f)
15x 6
3x 2
g)
7x 3
2x 2
h)
2x 2
x2
20x 3
= 10x 8 Grado 1
2x 2
f)
15x 6
= 5x 4 8 Grado 4
3x 2
g)
7x 3
= 7 x 8 Grado 1
2
2x 2
h)
2x 2
= 2 8 Grado 0
x2
Polinomios
b) x 2 3x 3 + 2x
d) 1 x 3 + 3x 2
2
f) 1 x5 3 x2
4
5
h) 1 x + 3x
3
a) Grado 4
b) Grado 3
c) Grado 3
d) Grado 3
2x 2
f ) Grado 5
g) Grado 1
h) Grado 1
e)
8 Grado 2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
2x 4
5x 3
+ 3x 1 y Q =
6x 3
2x 2
7,
P + Q = (2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1) + (6x 3 + 2x 2 7) = 2x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x 8
P Q = (2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1) (6x 3 + 2x 2 7) = 2x 4 5x 3 + 3x 1 6x 3 2x 2 + 7 =
= 2x 4 11x 3 2x 2 + 3x + 6
M = 3x 2 5x 3
K = x2 1 x + 2
3
3
Calcula:
a) 2M + 3K
b) M 4N
c) 4N 3K
a) 2M + 3K = 2(3x 2 5x 3) + 3 x 2 1 x + 2 = 6x 2 10x 6 + 3x 2 x + 2 =
3
3
= 9x 2 11x 4
b) M 4N = (3x 2 5x 3) 4 1 x 2 + 3 x + 1 = 3x 2 5x 3 2x 2 3x 4 =
2
4
= x 2 8x 7
c) 4N 3K = 4 1 x 2 + 3 x + 1 3 x 2 1 x + 2 = 2x 2 + 3x + 4 3x 2 + x 2 =
2
4
3
3
= x 2 + 4x + 2
10
) (
Efecta.
a) 3x (2x 2 5x + 1)
b) 7x 3(2x 3 + 3x 2 2)
c) 5x (x 4 3x 2 + 5x)
d) x 2(x 3 + 4x 2 6x + 3)
a) 3x (2x 2 5x + 1) = 6x 3 15x 2 + 3x
b) 7x 3(2x 3 + 3x 2 2) = 14x 6 + 21x 5 14x 3
c) 5x (x 4 3x 2 + 5x) = 5x 5 + 15x 3 25x 2
d) x 2(x 3 + 4x 2 6x + 3) = x 5 4x 4 + 6x 3 3x 2
11
Opera y simplifica:
a) (5x 2) (3 2x)
b) x (x 3) (2x 1)
c) (3 + 7x)(5 + 2x)
d) (x + 1)(3x + 2)(x 2)
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
12
Opera y simplifica:
a) (3x 3 + 1)(2x 2 3x + 5)
b) (x 2 5x) (x 3 + 2x)
c) (x 3 2x + 3) (x 2 + 4x 1)
d) (3x 2 2x + 2) (x 3 + 3x 2)
PGINA 92
13
+ 7x 3 5x + 1) : x
b) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x 2)
c) (x 3 5x 2 + x) : (x + 3)
a) x 5 + 7x 3 5x + 1
|x
5
x
x 4 + 7x 2 5
7x 3
7x 3
5x
5x
+1
Cociente = x 4 + 7x 2 5
Resto = 1
b) x 3 5x 2 + x
|x2
3
2
x + 2x
x 2 3x 5
3x 2 + x
3x 2 6x
5x
5x 10
10
Cociente = x 2 3x 5
Resto = 10
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
c)
x3
5x 2
+ x
2
3x
8x 2 + x
8x 2 + 24x
25x
25x 75
75
2
Cociente = x 8x + 25
x 3
14
|x +3
x 2 8x + 25
Resto = 75
| 3x + 1
x 8
3
8x + 5
8x + 8
3
23
3
Cociente = x 8
3
Resto = 23
3
b) 4x 3
x
3
2
4x 6x
6x 2 x
6x 2 + 9x
8x
8x 12
12
2
Cociente = 2x 3x + 4
| 2x + 3
2x 2 3x + 4
c) 5x 3 3x 2 + 8x
5x 3 2x 2
5x 2 + 8x
5x 2 + 2x
10x
10x 4
4
2
Cociente = x x + 2
| 5x + 2
x2 x + 2
Resto = 12
Resto = 4
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
Factorizacin de polinomios
15
+ 6x 3
c) 10x 3 5x 2
b) 2x 3 6x 2 + 4x
d) x 4 x 3 + x 2 x
a) 9x 2 + 6x 3 = 3(3x 2 + 2x 1)
b) 2x 3 6x 2 + 4x = 2x(x 2 3x + 2)
c) 10x 3 5x 2 = 5x 2 (2x 1)
d) x 4 x 3 + x 2 x = x(x 3 x 2 + x 1)
16
17
a) x 2
n )2
+ 12x + 36 = (x +
c) 49 + 14x + x 2
a) x 2 + 12x + 36 = (x + 6) 2
c) 49 + 14x + x 2 = (7 + x) 2
18
n 5) 2
b) 4x 2 20x + 25 = (
d) x 2 x + 1
4
b) 4x 2 20x + 25 = (2x 5) 2
2
d) x 2 x + 1 = x 1
4
2
( )
a) x 2
n ) (x
n)
16 = (x +
b) x 2 1
c) 9 x 2
d) 4x 2 1
e) 4x 2 9
a) x 2 16 = (x + 4)(x 4)
b) x 2 1 = (x + 1)(x 1)
c) 9 x 2 = (3 + x)(3 x)
d) 4x 2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)
e) 4x 2 9 = (2x 3)(2x + 3)
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
19
20
Saca factor comn y utiliza los productos notables para factorizar los siguientes polinomios:
a) x 3 6x 2 + 9x
b) x 3 x
c) 4x 4 81x 2
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x
e) 3x 3 27x
f ) 3x 2 + 30x + 75
a) x 3 6x 2 + 9x = x(x 2 6x + 9) = x(x 3) 2
b) x 3 x = x(x 2 1) = x(x 1)(x + 1)
c) 4x 4 81x 2 = x 2 (4x 2 81) = x 2 (2x + 9)(2x 9)
d) x 3 + 2x 2 + x = x(x 2 + 2x + 1) = x(x + 1) 2
e) 3x 3 27x = 3x(x 2 9) = 3x(x + 3)(x 3)
f ) 3x 2 + 30x + 75 = 3(x 2 + 10x + 25) = 3(x + 5) 2
21
Simplifica.
a) 6(x + 3) 2(x 5)
b) 3(2x + 1) + 7(x 3) 4x
c) 5(3 2x) (x + 7) 8
d) 4(1 x) + 6x 10 3(x 5)
e) 2x 3 + 3(x 1) 2(3 x) + 5
f ) 2(x + 3) (x + 1) 1 + 3(5x 4)
a) 6(x + 3) 2(x 5) = 6x + 18 2x + 10 = 4x + 28
b) 3(2x + 1) + 7(x 3) 4x = 6x + 3 + 7x 21 4x = 9x 18
c) 5(3 2x) (x + 7) 8 = 15 10x x 7 8 = 11x
d) 4(1 x) + 6x 10 3(x 5) = 4 4x + 6x 10 3x + 15 = x + 9
e) 2x 3 + 3(x 1) 2(3 x) + 5 = 2x 3 + 3x 3 6 + 2x + 5 = 7x 7
f ) 2(x + 3) (x + 1) 1 + 3(5x 4) = 2x + 6 x 1 1 + 15x 12 = 16x 8
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
22
= 15x + 75
e) 8 1 + 12x + x 4 3(x + 1) (1 x) =
4
2
8
= 2(1 + 12x) + 4(x 4) 3(x + 1) + (1 x) =
= 2 + 24x + 4x 16 3x 3 + 1 x = 24x 16
f ) 60 3x 2 4x + 1 + 2 + 2(x 3) =
6
10
15
4
= 10(3x 2) 6(4x + 1) + 4 2 + 15 2(x 3) =
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
23
PGINA 93
24
2
a) 2 (3x + 1)(3x 1) + (x 2) 1 + 2x = 2(3x + 1)(3x 1) + (x 2)2 2 + 4x =
2
= 2(9x 2 1) + x 2 4x + 4 2 + 4x =
= 18x 2 2 + x 2 + 2 = 19x 2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
x2
+2
3
x2
Pg. 12
+ 1 x + 5 = 4(x 2 + 2) 3(x 2 + 1) (x + 5) =
4
12
= 4x 2 + 8 3x 2 3 x 5 = x 2 x
2
c) 6 (2x 1)(2x + 1) 3x 2 x = 2(2x 1)(2x + 1) (3x 2) 2x 2 =
3
3
6
= 2(4x 2 1) 3x + 2 2x 2 =
= 8x 2 2 3x + 2 2x 2 = 6x 2 3x
e) 6 x + 3x + 1 x 2 x 2 + 2 = 6x + 3(3x + 1) 2(x 2) 6x 2 + 12 =
2
3
= 6x + 9x + 3 2x + 4 6x 2 + 12 =
= 6x 2 + 13x + 19
f ) 12 x (x 1) x (x + 1) + 3x + 4 = 4x(x 1) 3x(x + 1) + 3x + 4 =
3
4
12
= 4x 2 4x 3x 2 3x + 3x + 4 =
= x 2 4x + 4
Expresiones no polinmicas
25
(x )2 (x 2)2 = x (x 2 4x + 4) = x x 2 + 4x 4 = x 2 + 5x 4
b) A = 25 x 2 , B = x 1
(25 x 2 )2 (x 1)2 = 25 x 2 (x 2 2x + 1) = 25 x 2 x 2 + 2x 1 =
= 2x 2 + 2x + 24
c) A = 169 x 2 , B = x 17
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
d) A = 5x + 10 , B = 8 x
(2x 2 + 7 )2 (5 4x )2 = 2x 2 + 7 (5 4x) = 2x 2 + 7 5 + 4x = 2x 2 + 4x + 2
f ) A = x + 2 , B = x 4
(x + 2 )2 (x 4)2 = x + 2 (x 2 8x + 16) = x + 2 x 2 + 8x 16 =
= x 2 + 9x 14
26
a) 2x 2 1 3x = 4 1 3x 2 = 3x 2 + 3
x 2x
2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
g) 9x 2 1 + 22 5 = 9x + 18 5x 2 = 5x 2 + 9x + 18
x x
9
h) 2(2 + x) 2 x + 4 1 = (2 + x)(2 x) + 4 2 2(2 + x) =
2
2+x
= 4 x 2 + 8 4 2x = x 2 2x + 8
P I E N S A Y R E S U E LV E
Monomios, polinomios, factorizacin
27
28
29
30
31
B (x) = x 3 5x 2 5x + 9
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
32
|x+4
x7
C (x) = x 7
R(x) = 30
Por tanto:
x 2 3x + 2 = (x + 4)(x 7) + 30
b) (x 3 2x + 3) : (x 2 1)
x 3 2x + 3
x 3 + x
x + 3
| x2 1
x
C (x) = x
R(x) = x + 3
As:
x 3 2x + 3 = (x 2 1)x x + 3
c) (3x 2 2x + 7) : (x 2)
3x 2 2x + 7
3x 2 + 6x
4x + 7
4x + 8
15
|x2
3x + 4
C (x) = 3x + 4
R(x) = 15
Por tanto:
3x 2 2x + 7 = (x 2)(3x + 4) + 15
d) (x 2 + x 12) : (x + 3)
x 2 + x 12
x 2 3x
2x 12
2x + 6
6
|x+3
x2
C (x) = x 2
R(x) = 6
Por tanto:
x 2 + x 12 = (x + 3)(x 2) 6
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
33
|x+2
x4 + 1
| 3x + 4
x2 + x + 1
|x 1
x2 + 9
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
34
nx+9
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2
nx+1
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 +
a) (x 3) 2 = x 2 6x + 9
b) (2x + 1) 2 = 4x 2 + 4x + 1
c) (x + 4) 2 = x 2 + 8x + 16
d) (3x 2) 2 = 9x 2 12x + 4
c) (x +
n )2 = x2 +
n x + 16
d) (3x
n )2 =
n x2
nx+4
PGINA 94
Enunciados: primer grado
35
Catetos = x 5 y 3 x
5
3
x
5
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
36
37
y1
En la expresin x +
1 sustituye x por 1 3y y simplifica.
4
5
1 3y y 1
5(1 3y) + 4(y 1) 20
x + y1 1
+
1=
=
x
=
1
3y
4
5
4
5
20
5 15y + 4y 4 20 11y 19
=
=
20
20
En cada caso, desarrolla A + B y simplifica:
a) A = 4(x 3) + y
b) A = x + 4 y + 1
5
c) A = 2 x + 1 + y 1
3
B = 3(x + 3) y 18
B=x6+y+1
5
B = x 3 + 2y 1
4
d) A = 6(x + 2) 2( y + 7) B = x + 2( y + 1)
a) A = 4(x 3) + y
B = 3(x + 3) y 18
A + B = 4(x 3) + y + 3(x + 3) y 18 = 4x 12 + y + 3x + 9 y 18 =
= 7x 21
b) A = x + 4 y + 1
B=x6+y+1
5
5
A + B = x + 4 y + 1 + x 6 + y + 1 = 2x 2 + 2 = 2x 2 + 10 = 2x + 8
5
5
5
5
5
c) A = 2 x + 1 + y 1
B = x 3 + 2y 1
3
4
A + B = 2 x + 1 + y 1 + x 3 + 2y 1 = 2x 2 2y + 2 + x 3 + 2y 1 =
3
4
3
4
= 2x 2 + x 3 + 1 = 4(2x 2) + 3(x 3) + 12 =
3
4
12
= 8x 8 + 3x 9 + 12 = 5x 5
12
12
d) A = 6(x + 2) 2(y + 7)
B = x + 2(y + 1)
38
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
Altura = x 8 rea = 5 x x = 5 x 2
3
3
b) x = nmero 8 x 2 3x
Cuadrado de la hipotenusa = (9 x)2 + (16 x)2 =
= 81 18x + x 2 + 256 32x + x 2 = 2x 2 50x + 337
c)
9x
16 x
rea = (x + 3)2 = x 2 + 6x + 9
d)
x+3
8 rea = x 2
x
8 rea = (x + 3)2
x+3
e)
Permetro = 70 m 8 Semipermetro = 35 m 8
8 Altura = 35 x
f)
35 x
g)
x
x
39
h) Diagonal menor = x
Diagonal mayor = 3x
2
8 rea = x 3x = 3x
2
2
En cada una de las siguientes expresiones, sustituye y por lo que se indica y simplifica:
a) xy + 2y 2
c)
2x 2
y2
a) xy + 2y 2
b) xy y 2
y por 1 x
b) xy y 2
y por 3x 3
d) x 2
y por 3 2x
2
y por 3 2x
x(1 x) + 2(1 x) 2 = x x 2 + 2 2x 2 = x 2 x
y=1x
y = 3 2x
y2
c) 2x 2 + y 2 9
y = 3x 3
d) x 2 + y 2 2
y = 3 2x
x 2 + (3 2x)2 2 = x 2 + 9 12x + 4x 2 2 =
= 5x 2 12x + 7
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
40
En cada una de las siguientes expresiones, sustituye x por lo que se indica y simplifica:
2y
a) x (x y) 2( y 2 4) x por
3
b) xy 2
x por 25 y
2
c) 2xy 3
x por 4 2y
a) x (x y) 2(y 2 4)
2y 2y
4y 2 2y 2
y 2y 2 + 8 =
+
2y 2 + 8 =
3
3
9
3
2y
x=
3
4y 2 + 6y 2 18y 2 + 72 8y 2 + 72
=
9
9
2
25 y y 2 = 25 y 2 2 = 25y 4
2
2
2
=
b) xy 2
x=
c) 2xy 3
41
25
y
2
x = 4 2y
2(4 2y)y 3 = 8y 4y 2 3 = 4y 2 + 8y 3
42
43
40 x = menor
44
24 x
2
24 x
24 x
24 x
24 x
) + () = 2() =
(
2
2
2
2
= 24 x 2
2
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com
45
Un grupo de x estudiantes alquilan un piso por 700 al mes. Se apuntan 2 ms para alquilarlo. Expresa algebraicamente la diferencia de precio en
ambos casos (con todos ellos o con 2 ms).
x estudiantes alquilan un piso por 700 al mes 8 cada uno paga 700 .
x
Si fueran x + 2 estudiantes, cada una pagara 700 .
x+2
Diferencia de precio = 700 700 = 700(x + 2) 700x =
x
x+2
x(x + 2)
= 700x + 1 400 700x = 1 400
x(x + 2)
x(x + 2)
46
www.miacademia1.blogspot.com www.gratis2.com
www.librospdf1.blogspot.com