Present Perfect (Pp) to have + V III 1.

. Resultative Perfect: action that happened at an unstated time in the past and whose result is visible in the present
We have installed a new, more efficient computer system in the company. (the exact time is unknown or unimportant. What is important is the fact that we now have a new computer system which is more efficient) I have recovered from my illness. (Im now well again) Ann doesnt look very well. She has had flu. She has broken her leg. (Her leg is broken) vs She broke her leg yesterday.

2. Continuative Pp: action or state which started in the past and continues up to the present Since, For
I have known Mary for 2 years. How long have you known her? I have been a teacher since 1980. How long have you been an engineering consultant I havent spoken to her ever since. for this company? She has made several phone calls since coffee break. Verbs which do not take continuous forms: Pp feel smell see taste hear sound appear seem look (=seem) be think (cred) mean believe know understand realize suppose expect remember forget mind doubt suppose imagine feel (have an opinion) (mind) like love hate want care prefer wish forgive dislike refuse promise agree disagree surprise (emotion) have own possess belong owe need cost depend contain matter concern consist include involve lack need deserve

(perception)

(possession)

(general characteristic)

3. Pp of experience: what has happened, once or more than once, within the speakers experience
It may be accompanied by adverbs of indefinite time or frequency. (ever, never, often, seldom, sometimes, always, twice, just, yet, already lately, recently, before, after, because etc) I have already seen this movie. The research team has already issued a report, which will be made public on Monday. Paul hasnt solved the problem yet. He has just left. I have always walked to work. I havent seen much of him lately. Have you ever traveled by plane? How often have you been abroad so far? I have traveled to Italy twice. Our company has received the international quality award twice.

4. Uncompleted period of time: reference to a time period which is not finished at the moment of speaking
(perioada in mijlocul careia inca ma aflu: actiunea se mai poate repeta in cadrul aceluiasi interval) today, all day (long), this year, this month, this week, this century, in the 21 st century, these days, this term etc. (July) (September) We have traveled a lot this summer. We traveled a lot this summer. We have worked hard this month. We have launched two new models this year. Ive been very busy these days.

PAST
Yesterday Two years ago Last week When I was 10 When I was a kid In my childhood In the 20th century In 1982 Dead persons Yes, I saw it yesterday. Shakespeare wrote many great plays.

Pp
for two years since 2000 ever since since I was 10 so far, up to now, up to the present How long ?

Have you seen this movie?

N.B. Future tenses are never used in temporal clauses (when, as soon as, while, till/until,
whenever, before, after). Instead we use the corresponding form of the present tense: Future simple Present simple Future Cont. Present Cont. Future Perfect Present Perfect As soon as the lesson ends, Tom will go out to play. Ill give her the message when she comes back. While I am filling in a telegram form, he will be withdrawing some money from the bank counter. We will have a press conference as soon as we have received the companys annual report.

Pp
1. Momentul actiunii absent 2. Since, For (verbele care nu primesc -ing) 3. Adverbe nedefinite 4. Perioada in mijlocul careia ma aflu

Pp Continuous have been + Ving 1. Since, For activity which started in the past and continues up to the present and may go on in the future as well. Ive been playing the piano since I was 10. Theyve been sleeping for 2 hours. Shes been talking on the phone for an hour. The children have been playing in the park since 4 pm. Weve been living in this house for 20 years. John has been working here since he left school. How long have you been teaching here?

2. An action which has started in the past and lasted for some time. The action may have (recently) finished or may still be going on, but it is relevant to the current situation because its result is visible in the present. Im tired Ive been checking all those pieces of furniture. Youre covered in paint! What have you been doing? Ive been decorating the living room. His eyes are bloodshot. Hes been revising for an exam (all night). He has oil on his face. Hes been servicing the car. Ive been thinking of you.