CHNG I: GII THIU V CNG TY VNPT TECHNOLOGY I. Gii thiu khi qut v cng ty 1.

a ch 124 ng Hong Quc Vit Cu Giy H Ni 2. Vi nt v qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin Tn y l: Cng ty Lin Doanh Thit B Vin Thng, tn giao dch l ALCATEL NETWORK SYSTEMS VIETNAM, tn vit tt l ANSV Giy php u t s: 629/CP do B K Hoch V u T cp. Cng ty ANSV l Cng ty do Tp on Bu Chnh Vin Thng Vit Nam v Alcatel Php thnh lp ngy 05/07/1993, hot ng theo quy nh ca php lut i vi cng ty lin doanh. Vn php nh l 24.429.300 FR ( tng ng 4.668.804 USD), trong Alcatel-Lucent chim 51,2% v VNPT chim 48,8%. Sau khi ht lin doanh vi Alcatel cng ty ANSV thuc quyn qun l ca Tp on Bu Chnh Vin Thng VNPT. Sau i tn thnh VNPT Technology c vn iu l 500 t ng, trong VNPT chim 51% vn iu l. Ch tch Hi ng Qun tr Cng ty l ng Hong Vn Hi. Tng Gim c Cng ty l ng Ng Hng Tn. Sau c s hp tc vi cc cng ty nh VIVAS v TeleQ. ANSV c t cch php nhn v con du ring, biu tng, ti khon tin ng Vit Nam v ngoi t m ti kho bc nh nc, cc ngn hng trong nc v nc ngoi. 3. Quy m v c cu t chc ca cng ty

Hinh 1.1: S t chc cng ty 4. Nhim v ca cng ty. Nhim v tin hnh nhng hot ng v sn xut, lp rp v nhng dch v c lin quan n hot ng vin thng, tin hc v in t ng dng trong vin thng nhm tha mn nhu cu trong nc v xut khu 5. Cc ngnh ngh kinh doanh chnh ca VNPT-Technology Nghin cu pht trin, sn xut v sa cha thit b in, din t, vin thng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, pht trin cng nghip ni dung s. Kinh doanh dch v vin thng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, kinh doanh cng nghip ni dung s Kinh doanh sn phm in, in t, vin thng, cng ngh thng tin, truyn thng v thit b y t

Kho st, t vn, thit k, xy dng, lp t, bo dng v h tr cc cng trnh vin thng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng Tng thu cc cng trnh vin thng, cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng T vn, nghin cu, o to, dy ngh, ng dng tin b khoa hc, cc cng ngh trong lnh vc in, in t, vin thng, cng ngh thng tin, truyn thng v thit b y t. Kinh doanh bt ng sn cho thu vn phng. Sn xut kinh doanh cc ngnh ngh khc m php lut khng cm. CHNG II: C S L THUYT V CNG NGH TRUYN DN S NG B SDH GII THIU V PHN CP S NG B -SDH

I.

S ra i ca phn cp ng b SDH (Synchronous Digital hierarchy) bo hiu cho s khi u mt thi k pht trin mi ca cch mng Vin thng th gii. SDH to ra mt cuc cch mng v cc dch v vin thng, tc ng mnh m ti ngi s dng u cui, cc nh khai thc cng nh nh sn xut thit b. L mt tin b mi v cng ngh. Ngi s dng u cui l thuc ngy cng nhiu vo cc thng tin mang li hiu qu. iu ny dn ti s bng n nhu cu s dng dch v vin thng hin i. Cc dch v nh Hi ngh truyn hnh, truy nhp d liu t xa, truyn tp a phng tin li i hi phi c mt mng linh hot, c kh nng p ng nhu cu bng thng rng gn nh khng gii hn, vi h thng phn cp cn ng b PDH khng th p ng c. Phn cp s cn ng b PDH ( Plesionchoronous Digital Hierarchy) ch c kh nng p ng nhu cu dch v thoi thng thng, khng tht thch hp vi vic

to v qun l hiu qu cc kt ni bng rng tc d cao. Cc h thng truyn dn SDH c th khc phc cc yu im ca PDH. Nu s dng cng mt loi si quang, mng SDH c kh nng lm tng mt cch ng k bng thng hin c, ng thi cho php gim thit b trong mng. Ngoi ra SDH cn to ra cc chc nng qun l tin tin, lm tng ng k s linh hot ca h thng. Vic trin khai cc h thng SDH khng qu phc tp v chng c kh nng lm vic tng thch cc h thng cn ng b ang s dng trn mng. SDH c xy dng trn mt cu trc cho php cc tn hiu cn ng b c th t hp vi nhau v c gi trong mt khung SDH chun. Cu trc ny tn dng c vn u t cao cc thit b cn ng b ca cc nh khai thc mng v cng cho php h s dng cc thit b ng b vo nhng ni thch hp p ng cc nhu cu c bit ca mng. Cc tnh nng qun l mng ca mng ng b s ci thin r rt vic iu khin mng truyn dn. Kh nng phc hi v ti lp cu hnh mng mang li hiu qu cao v cung cp dch v nhanh hn. II. M HNH CU TRC CA K THUT CA SDH

1. S cu trc b ghp Hin nay Vit Nam ch s dng h tuyn dn s theo tiu chun phn cp ca Chu u m khng dng h truyn dn theo tiu chun Bc M v Nht Bn. Cu trc b ghp SDH theo tiu chun Chu u c trnh by hnh 2.1

Hnh 2.1 Cu trc b ghp SDH theo tiu chun Chu u ngha t vit tt: C-x: Khi lung cp x VC-x: Container o cp x TU-x: n v lung cp x TUG-x: Nhm n v lung cp x AU: n v qun l AUG: Nhm n v qun l POH: T mo u ng SOH: T mo u on STM: Khi vn chuyn tn hiu ng b

2. Cu trc khung tn hiu STM-1 2.1. Cu trc phn mo u ca STM-1

RSOH

MSOH

Hnh 2.2: Phn mo u ca STM-1 Cc byte khng nh du c dnh ring cho quc t v s dng trong tng li. SOH c chia thnh 2 on nh l RSOH v MSOH RSOH: Ti to phn u MSOH: Ghp knh phn u

i vi mt s ng dng vi mt giao din gim SOH nhm chc nng c bnh thng ha. M T CA RSOH V MSOH A1, A2 :Chng to nn t lin kt khung J0 : Ti to phn theo di ( nhn tin cho php ngi nhn kim tra tnh lin tc kt ni ca n vi mong mun ca my pht) B1: BIP8, trt t 8 bit chn ca trc xo trn khung E1: Knh s dng ( m thanh) F1: Knh dch v D1 ti D3: D liu thng tin lin lc tc 192Kbit/s. DCCr = Truyn s liu knh RSOH (i din cho 1 knh trn h thng ng truyn) B2: BIP24, trt t 24 bt chn ca trc xp xp li khung ( khng c RSOH) K1, K2: c gn cho cc giao thc bo v phn ghp knh(MSP) D4 n D12: D liu thng tin lin lc tc 576 Kbit/s . knh MSOH. S1: Thng bo v tnh trng ng b ha thit b t xa E2: Knh s dng ( m thanh) M1: Quay tr li ca iu khin t xa B2, MS_REI (MS_FEBE) 2.2 Cu trc khung Cu trc khung STM-1 : : truyn s liu

Hnh 2.4: Cu trc khung STM-1 Khung STM-1 c kch thc bao gm 9 byte dc v 270 byte ngang v c chia lm 2 vng: - Vng A c kch thc 9 byte x 9 byte cha t mo u on ghp knh MSOH, t mo u don lp RSOH v con tr n v qun l AU-PTR. - Vng B phn ti trng tin( Payload) hay cn gi l phn d liu, c cha trong 9 byte dc v 261 byte ngang. Cc mc cao hn STM-N ca phn cp ng b c hnh thnh bi cch chn byte vo phn ti ca N tn hiu STM-1, thm cc mo u gp N ln mo u ca STM-1 v lp y vi d liu qun l v gi tr con tr ph hp.

Hnh 2.5: Cu trc khung STM-4 Cu trc khung STM-4 c ghp thnh t 4 khung STM-1 3. Cc thnh phn c bn ca cu trc b ghp 3.1 Container-C Container l n v truyn dn nh nht trong khung truyn dn phn cp s ng b, y chnh l ni ngi ta s b tr vo cc lung tn hiu truyn dn c tc tng ng vi tng loi Container. Cc loi Container thng s dng:

K hiu C-11 C-12 C-2 C-3 C-4

Tn hiu c truyn (Mbit/s) 1,544 2,048 6,312 44,736 hoc l 34,368 139,264 Bng 2.1 Cc loi Container

Cu trc ca Container C ty theo kch thc ca tng cp v ty theo kch thc ca lung d liu u vo m ngi ta gn Container C tng ng ph hp. 3.2 Container o VC Mt Container o trong cu trc b ghp SDH c th c biu din nh sau VC = C + POH Nh vy mt VC l s kt hp ca mt C v mt t mo u ng POH (Path OverHead). Chc nng ca POH l mang thng tin b tr thng bo v tr ni m container ny s c truyn n v mang cc thng tin gim st, bo tr cha ng truyn. T mo u ng POH s c gn u khung v ti u thu n s c dch ra trc tin sau khi container c gii m. Cu trc ca mt khung container o nh sau: 3.2.1. Container o VC-11 Gm 25 byte d liu cng vi 1 byte t mo u ng POH c sp xp trn 3 ct dc, mi ct 9 byte. c s dng truyn dn tn hiu lung s 1.554 Mbit/s theo tiu chun Bc M v Nht Bn.

C-11 9 9 C-12

POH

Hnh 2.6 Cu trc container o VC-11 v VC-12 3.2.2. Container o VC-12 c s dng vi lung 2,048Mbit/s theo tiu chun Chu u gm 34 byte d liu vi 1 byte POH, tt c c sp xp vo 4 ct dc mi ct 9 byte. C 3 loi tn hiu 2,048 Mbit/s sau c th b tr vo VC-12 Tn hiu 2,048 Mbit/s khng ng b cho php kh nng mang d liu nhng khng c kh nng gim st n tng bit. Tn hiu 2 Mbit/s ng b bit cho php gim st n tng bit nhng khng nhn dng c khung. Tn hiu 2,048 Mbit/s ng b byte cho php gim st v nhn dng tt c cc bt d liu. 3.2.3. Container o VC-2

Gm 106 byte d liu cng vi mt byte POH dng tng thch vi lung 6,312 Mbit/s theo tiu chun Chu u. Cu trc container o VC-2 gm 12 ct dc 9 byte Cc container o VC-1x/VC-2 c th c thuyn i theo phng thc byte an xen byte vo trong cc container o VC-3 hoc VC-4. Cc VC-1x/VC-2 c truyn i theo tng a khung 500s gm 4 khung 125s v c gn vo trong mt n v lung TU( Tributary Unit) v cc pointer c gn vo cc container o VC-1x/VC-2 theo tng 125s mt.

VC-2 12

C-2 .

Hnh 2.7 Cu trc VC-2 3.2.4. Container o VC-3 Gm 756 byte d liu cng 9 byte POH thc hin mt chc nng ring ca mnh. VC-3 dng tip nhn lung s 34 Mbit cn ng b PDH thng qua C-3. Cu trc VC-3:

VC-3 84

POH J1 B3 C2 G1 9 F2 H4 Z3 Z4 Z5 Hnh 2.8. Cu trc VC-3 3.2.5.VC-4 Gm 2340 byte d liu v 9 byte POH. VC-4 dng tip nhn lung s cn ng b 140 Mbit/s thng qua container C-4. Cu trc ca container VC-4 . C-3

VC-4 260

POH J1 B3 C2 G1 9 F2 H4 Z3 Z4 Z5 Hnh 2.9. Cu trc VC-4 3.3. n v lung TU (Tributary Unit) n v lung Tu gm container o c gn thm con tr n v lung (pointer-TU): TU = VC + Pointer Trc khi chuyn n STM-1 c pht i, cc container o VC cp thp s c ghp vo mt container o VC cp cao hn. th hin mi lin quan gia phase v cc container o VC, ngi ta dng khi nim Pointer ghp thm vo container o VC ti mt v tr c nh trong container o VC v ng thi con tr thng ba s bt u ca container o VC . 3.3.1. TU-11, TU-12, TU-2. . C-4

Tng ng vi cc VC, n v lung TU cng c nhiu cp bc t TU-1x n TU-3. Cu trc, kch thc ca cc n v lung TU-11, TU-12, TU-2 nh sau:

9 9

VC-11 + Pointer a) Hnh 2.10. Cu trc TU-11 v TU-12 b)

12

VC-2 + Pointer Hnh 2.11. Cu trc ca TU-2 Thng thng cc VC c truyn theo a khung 500s gm 4 khung 125s. Do vy vic truyn dn cc byte con tr ( Poiter) s xy ra ln lt c mi khung 125s c 1 byte con tr. Byte con tr ny c gn vo mt v tr c nh trong khung cao n (VC-3 hoc VC-4). Nh vy c 3 byte con tr cho 3 khung 125s, cn byte th 4 ca a khung 500s cng mang 1 byte con tr nhng byte ny cha c quy nh chc nng v hin nay c dng d phng. 3.3.2. TU-3 TU-3 = VC-3 + Poiter Mi con tr ca n v lung TU-3 gm c 3 byte c gn vo container o VC-3. Trong trng hp 3 container o VC-3 (3 x VC-3) c th c ghp vo 1 VC-4 theo nguyn tc xen tng byte, sau c pht i trong khung n v qun l AU-4, th trong qu trnh truyn dn c hai cp con tr c ghp vo: Th nht l con tr AU-4 dng ch th v tr ca VC-4 trong khung STM-1 Th hai l ba con tr TU-3 (mi con tr c 3 byte) c gn vo trong VC-4 thng bo v tr ca mi VC-3 ring l.

85

VC-3 9

VC-3 + 3 byte Pointer Hnh 2.12. Cu trc n v lung TU-3 3.4. Nhm n v lung TUG TUG l ni sp xp tn hiu n v lung TU theo phng thc xen byte to thnh mt lung tn hiu c tc cao hn v chuyn ti cc container o bc cao hn. C 2 nhm n v lung TUG l: nhm n v lung TUG-2 v TUG-3 tng ng vi cc n v lung TU-1x, TU-2 v TU-3. Cc thng s ca nhm n v lung nh sau: TUG-2 Kch thc (byte) Tc (Kbit/s) 108 5912 TUG-3 774 49536

Bng 2.2. Thng s n v lung 3.4.1. TUG-2 Mt nhm TUG-2 c th c hnh thnh bi mt trong cc phng n sau: Bn n v lung TU-11 to thnh 1 nhm TUG-2 theo nguyn l xen byte. 4 byte u tin ca hng th nht l cc byte con tr, cc byte sau l byte d liu. c dnh thnh t 3 n v lung TU-12 theo nguyn l xen tng byte. Trong nhm n v lung TUG-2 c to thnh c 3 byte u tin ca hng l byte con tr cc byte cn li l byte d liu. TU-11#2 TU-11#3 TU-11#4

TU-11#1 3

9 TUG-2 .. 12 Pointer

Hnh 2.13. cu trc to t 4 lung TU-11

9 TU-2 ..

Pointer

9 TUG-2 ..

Hnh 2.14. TUG-2 to t 3xTUG-12

TU-12#1 4

TU-12#2

TU-12#3

9 TUG-2 .. 12 Pointer Hinh 2.15. TUG-2 to thnh t 3 x TU-12 3.4.2. TUG-3 Kch thc lung TUG-3 gm 9x86 byte. Mt nhm lung TUG-3 c th c hnh thnh t cc phng n sau: To thnh t lung TU-3 th 3 byte u tin ca ct th nht cha 3 byte con tr TU-3 v 6 byte cn li l byte chn c nh. Lung TUG-3 c cu thnh t 7 nhm n v TUG-2, 3 byte u tin ca ct th nht cha 3 byte con tr v 6 byte chn c nh

85

9 TU-3 ..

Pointer

9 TUG-3 ..

Byte chn c nh Hnh 2.16. TUG-3 to thnh t TU-3

Hnh 2.17. TUG-3 to thnh t 7 x TUG-2 3.5. n v qun l AU ( Administration Unit) AU = VC + Pointer Byte n v qun l (AU-PRT) ny c gn vo hng th 4 ca 9 ct u tin ca khung STM-1. n v qun l AU c 2 loi l qun l AU-3 v AU-4. AU-3 to t VC-3 v con tr AU-3. AU-4 c to t VC-4 cng vi con tr AU-4. C cu trc 9x261 byte + 9 byte con tr.

VC-4 POH

1 P O H

260

9 P O H

261

C-4

AU-4 PRT

C-4

Hnh 2.18. Cu trc n v qun l AU-4 3.6. Nhm n v qun l AUG ( Administration Unit Group) Mt hoc nhiu n v qun l AU c ghp li vi nhau theo phng thc xen byte to thnh mt nhm n v qun l AUG. Nhm n v qun l AUG c cu trc khung ging nh cu trc ca STM-1 khi cha c SOH. III. TI SAO PHI NG B HA? 1. ng b v khng ng b. Ni chung, h thng truyn dn l khng ng b, do mi thit b trong mng u s dng ng h ring ca n. Trong truyn dn s, xung ng h l mt thng s rt quan trng. Xung ng h c ngha l s dng mt chui cc xung lp i lp li gi cho tc bit ca d liu khng i v ch ra v tr cc bit 1 v 0 trong lung d liu. Ghp knh khng ng b tri qua nhiu giai on. Cc tn hiu khng ng b, v d DS-1 ghp vi nhau, cng vi cc bit thm vo, gi l bit chn b cho s sai khc ca mi lung ring l, v kt hp vi cc bit khc (bit khung) to ra mt lung DS-2. Cc bit chn li c s dng theo cch to ra cc DS-3 v cao hn na. Chng ta khng th truy nhp ti cc lung khng ng b tc cao m khng s dng cc b tch knh. Trong h thng ng b SONET/SDH, tn s trung bnh ca cc ng h trong h thng l ging nhau (ng b) hoc gn ging nhau (cn ng b). Mi ng h c th truy ngc n ngun ng h chnh xc cao. Do , cc lung STS-1 d dng ghp vi nhau thnh cc lung tc cao hn m khng cn

bit chn. V th, ta c th truy nhp ngay n tc STS-1 cng nh cc tc cao hn STS-N. 2. Phn cp ng b ha. Cc tng i s thng c dng trong mng s phn cp ng b ha. Mng c t chc theo quan h ch-t (master-slave) vi ng h ca cc node cao hn cung cp tn hiu ng h cho cc node thp hn.Tt c cc node c th truy ngc n ngun ng h chun. Ngun ng h chun PRC c chnh xc l 1x10-11 theo khuyn ngh G.811 ca ITU-T. Cc ngun ng h c chnh xc thp hn l SSU (ngun ng h ph) v SEC (thit b cp xung ng b) theo khuyn ngh ca ITU-T.

Hnh 3.1. Cc cp ng h ng b trong h thng SDH IV . A TRUY NHP TDM 1. Ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian (TDM) Trong ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian, truyn qua mi trng ti cc thi im khc nhau cc khe thi gian. Trong TDM th t truyn gia cc khe thi gian c quy c c nh trc, trong cc khe thi gian c th c s dng truyn dng d liu s. Tuy nhin mt trong nhng nhc im ln nht ca TDM l kh nng s dng bng thng knh thp. Do c im l th t truyn ca cc khe thi gian c quy c c nh trc. Mt hn ch khc ca cng ngh TDM l kh nng tng tc ca knh truyn b gii hn bi kh nng ca cc thnh phn in v quang trong h thng ghp knh lm h thng ghp knh s dng cng ngh TDM ch c kh nng to ra cc knh truyn c tc ti a 40 Gbps.

2. Ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng WDM Ghp knh WDM l cng ngh ghp knh cho php s dng nhiu bc sng quang khc nhau truyn trn cng mt tuyn cp. Nh vy ghp knh WDM gip s dng trit hn bng thng ca cp quang ng thi gii quyt nhu cu tng dung lng knh truyn m vn m bo hiu qu u t. C 3 loi cng ngh ghp knh WDM ang c s dng hin nay: Ghp knh bc song 1310/1550 nm: Cng ngh c s dng nhng nm trc 1970, s dng 2 sng mang c tn s trung tm l 1310nm v 1550nm. Ghp knh bc song dng tinh (DWDM): DWDM l cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng vi khong cch gia cc sng mang nh. Thng thng cc sng mang c s dng trong ca s bc sng trung tm l 1550nm. Vi cng ngh ghp knh DWDM chng ta c th s dng cng lc t 8 n 160 bc sng truyn trn cng mt si quang. DWDM thng s dng vi cc tuyn truyn dn c khong vt ln. Ghp knh theo bc sng dng th (CWDM): l cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng tng t DWDM tuy nhin CWDM, khong cch gia cc bc sng mang con c s dng trong ca s t 1200nm n 1700nm. CWDM thng c s dng trong cc truyn dn c khong vt nh, dung lng thp nh mng truyn dn trong cc ton nh vi nhau V. C CH BO V SDH Cc c ch bo v trong SDH Bo v on gho theo topo dng ng thng (bo v thit b EPS) 1+1: c 2 ng hot ng theo c ch pht ng thi thu la chn

 1:N: c N+1 ng. 1 ng bo v cho N ng cn li. Bo v mch vng (ring) PP Ring ( Path Protection): + Mch vng bo v tuyn 2 si n hng + Mch vng bo v tuyn 2 si 2 hng MSP Ring ( Bo v on ghp theo tp ring) + 2 si n hng + 2 si 2 hng + 4 si 2 hng SNCP 1. Bo v on ghp knh (EPS) L ng dng n gin nht trong mng. Vic khi phc lu lng ca c ch bo v ny l ngay lptc v rt hiu qu i vi cc nguyn nhn li gy ra bi cc thnh phn quang v in ca cc node. Nhng kiu bo v ny khng lm vic khi cp quang b t (thng xuyn xy ra) do thng th tt c si quang nm trong mt cp (c hng chnh v hng bo v). ci thin iu ny th hng bo v phi nm cp khc v vt l Phng php ny kh tn km do ng cp d phng di v cng ch bo v khi li ng truyn m khng bo v khi node li. 2. C ch bo v mch vng ring c phn chia nh sau Theo mc bo v lu lng: + PP Ring + MSP Ring + SNCP Theo hng lu lng: + Mch vng bo v n hng + Mch vng bo v 2 hng

Theo s si bo v + 2 si + 4 si

a). PP Ring: Mch vng bo v tuyn 2 si n hng.

Hnh 5.1. Mch vng bo v n hng Trn hnh th hin cch thc c bn ca mch vng bo v n hng. Gi s c s gin on thng tin gia 2 phn t mng A v B, hng Y khng b nh hng bi s c ny. Tt nhin, mt ng th hai c thit lp cho hng X. Do , kt ni ny c chuyn sang ng th hai trong phn t mng A v B. Cn hai phn nhnh khc, C v D c chuyn qua ng d phng. Th tc ny gi l chuyn ng thng. Mt cch khc n gin hn c s dng l chuyn vng. Lu lng c truyn trn c hai ng lm vic v ng bo v. nu c s c, pha thu (trng hp ny l A) chuyn sang ng bo v v ngay lp tc duy tr kt ni.

b).PP Ring 2 si 2 hng Trong cu trc mng ny, kt ni gia hai phn t mng l hai hng. Ton b dung lng mng c chia thnh nhiu ng, mi ng lm vic l hai hng. Nu c s c gia hai phn t mng cnh nhau A v B, B s chuyn sang ng bo v. C th mang li hiu qu bo v cao hn khi dng mch vng bo v hai hng vi 4 si cp, mi i cp chy c ng lm vic v ng bo v. Kt qu, ta c cu trc bo v 1:1, ngha l d phng 100%

Hnh 5.2. Mch vng bo v 2 hng c). MSP Ring 2 si 2 hng D liu truyn gia 2 NE i theo 2 tuyn (path) khc nhau, qua cc NE khc, to thnh mt vng(ring) khp kn. Mi tuyn gm c 2 si, trong mi si bng thng

li c chia thnh 2 knh, mt knh lm vic (S) v mt knh bo v (P). Knh S v knh P ca n s nm 2 tuyn (ko cng tuyn, cng si). ng thi vi bo v bng knh (trn 2 si) cn c bo v bng hng (trn 2 hng ngc nhau). Mi node trong vng ring c gn mt ID t 0 15 (ti a c 16 node trong mt ring). V d mt ng STM-16 c bo v MSP Ring th 8 AU-4 u thuc knh S, cn li thuc knh P. Bnh thng 2 hng s truyn trn 2 knh S ca cng mt tuyn. Khi tuyn b t on no th NE ti 2 u s chuyn mch sang knh bo v, cc on ko b t cn li ca tuyn vn truyn trn knh S.

Hnh 5.3.C ch bo v MSP Ring u im MSP Ring: Dung lng mng cao (M/2*STM-N, M l s node trong ring), Time slot c th s dng li c. Nhc im: Phc tp, thi gian chuyn mch chm, s node hn ch. 3. SNPC

C ch hot ng tng t PP Ring, ch khc PP Ring chuyn mch bo v ti n v khi nhnh cn SNCP chuyn mch bo v ti n v khi chuyn mch u cho trung tm. PP Ring Dung lng (M s STM-n nt trong ring) Thi gian chuyn < 15ms mch bo v Giao thc APS Topo S node ti a phc tp Phm vi bo v iu v kin chuyn mch bo Khng Ring Khng hn ch n gin Path TU-AIS C Ring 16 Phc tp on ghp LOS, LOF, Khng Bt k Khng hn ch n gin Path MS- LOS, LOF, OOF, < 50ms Khng gii hn MSP Ring M/2*STM-N SNCP STM-N

AIS, AU-LOP, B2- MS-AIS, AU-LOP, SD, B2- Over AU-AIS,TU-LOP, TU-AIS, B2- SD, B2-Over, Over, mch TIM, LU

SLM, UNEQ, B3-

khng c CHNG III: GII THIU V CC THIT B TRUYN DN SDH CA ALCATEL I. GII THIU V THIT B CA ALCATEL 1.1. OMSN

Thc hin bo v: Thit b bo v ESP Mng li bo v MSP SNCP/N v SNCP/I 2F MS-SPRing 4F MS-SPRing D&C

OMSN ( Alcatel Optinex Multi Service Node) thc hin mt nt chung trong mng SDH v kt hp vi tiu chun SDH ca ITU-T G.707. OMSN tng thch vi h thng PDH v ci t mng SDH. OMSN c th c cu hnh nh mt thit b u cui a dng hoc nh l mt kt ni nh giao nhau.

OMSN thch hp vi chc nng chuyn mch ATM, thng qua th chuyn i c sn. OMSN c th c trang b Ethernet, Fast Ethernet v Gigabit Ethernet n v cho php mng LAN kt ni vi mng LAN. OMSN c s dng tnh nng MPLS iu c ngha l n thc hin phn loi nh tuyn tp hp cc gi d liu theo k thut MPLS. OMSN cung cp cc truy nhp vn chuyn FICON (1,0625 Gbit/s), Fiber Channel(1,0625 Gbit/s), Digital Video(270 Mbit/s), ESCON(200Mbit/s),

FDDI(125Mbit/s), OC-3(155Mbit/s). OMSN h tr tnh nng WDM. 1.2. Cc thit b ca Alcatel Thit b truyn dn Alcatel bao gm cc loi chnh nh hnh di y. 1642EMC : C dung lng STM-1 1640FOX : C dung lng STM-1 1642EMUX: C dung lng STM-1 1650SM-C : C dung lng STM-1/4 1660SM: + C dung lng STM-1/4/16 i vi phin bn 4.4 + C dung lng STM-1/4/16/64 i vi phin bn 5.2 1670SM : C dung lng STM-1/4/16/64 i vi cc thit b 1642EMC, 1640FOX, 1642EMUX, 1650SM-C,

1660SM c ng dng cho mng Metro trong khi thit b 1670SM c ng dng cho mng truyn dn li

Hnh 3.1 Cc dng thit b SDH II. GII THIU V THIT B 1600SM 1. Hnh dng thit b Thit b 1660SM l mt thnh phn mng ca STM-1/4/16. Truyn ti v kt ni cho cc tn hiu PDH v SDH. N hot ng nh l thit b u cui a dch v hoc nh b ghp knh xen/r.

Hnh 3.2 . 1660SM

Hnh 3.2. Hnh dng thit b SDH trong 1660SM 2. Phn cng Bao gm sub-rack, card v module 2.1. Sub-rack i vi thit b SDH 1660SM Sub-rack c chia thnh 3 vng: - Vng Access: l ni gn card Access, vng ny c 21 slot c nh s t 1 -21 - Vng Basic : l ni gn cc card port, card matrix, card Quang, card congi, vng ny c 20 slot c nh s t 22- 41 - Vng Fan : l ni gn qut lm mt cho thit b

Hnh 3.3: Sub-rack 1660SM Vng Fan : c nhn t pha trc khi cha gn qut

Hnh 3.4 : Khe cm qut 2.2. Card. Bao gm cc loi sau: Card lu lng :

+ LS card ( low speed) : 2Mibt/s

+ HS card ( High Speed): 34Mbit/s, 45Mbits/s, 140 Mbits/s, STM -1, STM-4, STM 16, STM -64 +ISA ( intergrated service adapter) : Ethernet, ATM, MPLS

+ CWDM ( coarse WDM): Mux/demux, coadm, b tch song + Cc lu lng c phn bit thnh 2 loi : - Pord card: thc hin x l tn hiu v c th bao gm dao din tn hiu vt l - Acess card: bao gm dao din tn hiu vt l v 1 vi port card Card Matrix : Gm c cc chng nng tch hp lu lng (kt ni, ng b iu khin ngn gi). Chc nng bo v trong mi ngn gi thng c 2 card Matrix trong mi Sub-rack Card Congi : Card iu khin v giao din chung ( Control & general interface): Lm chc nng cp ngun cho thit b, trong mi thit b ta s dng 2 card congi, c gi l Congi A v Congi B. Congi A cp ngun chnh cn Congi B lm ngun d phng. a ch MAC ca thit b c lu gi Congi A Card Service : Ty chn s dng cho ng b 2Mhz/2Mbit t bn ngoi vo hoc ly ra ti cc thit b khc Ch : Cc slot 25,26,28,29,34,35,37 v 38: khng lp c cc card LS 2.3. Module Bao gm module quang S (sort) v module quang L (long) nm c gn trn cc card quang v card Synth. Vic s dng loi module no (S hay L) l tuy theo cu hnh, khong cch gia cc thit b 3. Chc nng v tr cc card trong 1660SM 3.1. Card CONGI V tr : i vi thit b 16650 SM-C nm slot 4 v slot 5, thit b 1660 SM nm v tr slot 10 v slot 12. S d s dng 2 card l v mc ch d phng ngun v h thng lm mt cho thit b Chc nng : Ly ngun t T.R.U cung cp cho thit b, lm chc nng cnh bo khi, bo chy, bo mt kt ni..

Hnh 3.5: Card CONGI 3.2. Card SERVICE Card c chc nng nh : iu khin cc knh ph tr Cung cp xung ng h vo/ra ( ng b vi cc thit b khc) iu khin cc knh EOW ( Engineering Order Wire) Cung cp ngun cho cc bng mch bn trong ( ly ngun t card CONGI chuyn thnh cc in p ( +3.3V,+2,5V, -9V cung cp cho cc mch )

Hnh 3.6 : Card SERVICE 3.3. Card EQUICO Card EQUICO (hay cn gi l card PQ2/EQC) l card iu khin thit b, qun l giao tip, qun l cnh bo. Hin ti card ny c 2 phin bn ( phin bn 4.4 v 5.2) s khc nhau v v tr cm ca card trn sub-rack c ch ra trn hnh

Hnh 3.7 : Card EQUICO 3.4. Card MATRIX C ba loi card MATRIX ( MATRIXN, MATRIXE, HCMATRI).Card MATRIXN dng cho phin bn 4.4, card MATRIXE dng cho phin bn 5.2, HCMATRI dng cho thit b 1670SM. Trong ti liu card HCMATRI khng c trnh by. Chc nng : Cha ma trn chuyn mch (gi l Matrix) tch ghp lu lng, c chc nng ng b v chc nng iu khin shelf v chc nng bo v

Hnh 3.8 : Card MATRIXE MATRIXN 3.5. Card CO16 Card CO 16 x l c lung tn hiu STM-16.Card ny c mt hc (khoang) gn module quang, c 3 kiu module c th c s dng y l : L (long distance), S (short Distance), I (Intra Office).Card CO 16 chim dng mt 2 slot trn Sub rack. S Slot ca card c tnh l s slot bn tri ca Sub rack. Slot m n c th s dng l 25+26, 28+28, 34+35, 37+38

Hnh 3.9 Card CO16 3.6. Card O 16ES Card O-16ES hot ng ging nh card CO-16 nhng n s dng cho phin bn 5.2. Card O-16ES ch chim c mt slot trn Sub rack, n c th gn vo t slot 24 n slot 39.

Hnh 3.10: Card O-16ES 3.7. Card P63E1 Card P63E1 c gn slot 6,7 (i vi thit b 1650SM-C) hoc gn slot 24,27,30,32,33,36,39 (i vi thit b 1660SM). Chc nng: N x l cho 63 lung E1, x l u ni t 1 VC12 ca port MATRIX xung cc lung E1 vt l ca cc card knh A21E1 (1 P63E1 tng ng vi 3 A21E1) hoc ( 1P63E1 tng ng vi 1 A63E1) Mi lin h gia card P63E1 v Card A21E1 (hoc A63E1) nh sau: i vi thit b 1650SMC P63E1 slot 6 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 1,2,3 P63E1 slot 7 lm nhim v d phng (bo v) cho card P63E1 slot 6 P63E1 slot 24 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 1,2,3 P63E1 slot 27 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 4,5,6

i vi thit b 1660SM -

P63E1 slot 30 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 7,8,9 P63E1 slot 32 lm nhim v d phng (bo v) P63E1 slot 33 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 13,14,15 P63E1 slot 36 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 16,17,18 P63E1 slot 39 iu khin cho 3 card A21E1 slot 19,20,21 P63E1 slot 7 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 2 P63E1 slot 8 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 3 P63E1 slot 9 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 4 P63E1 slot 10 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 5 P63E1 slot 11 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 16 P63E1 slot 12 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 17 P63E1 slot 13 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 18 P63E1 slot 14 iu khin cho card A63E1 slot 19

i vi thit b 1662SMC -

Hnh 3.11: Card P63E1

3.8.

Card A63E1B Card A63E1B c s dng cho thit b 1662SMC, n c gn vo cc slot

2,3,4,5,16,17,18,19 trn Sub-rack. Chc nng : Card A63E1B cung cp kt ni t back panel ti ng dy bn ngoi v ngc li cho 63 lung tnh hiu PDH ( 63 lung 2Mbit/s).Card A63E1B c giao din 120 ohm

Hnh 3.12 : Card 63E1B 3.9. Card A21E1 Card A21E1 c gn slot 1,2,3 ( thit b 1650SM) , slot 1 n slot 9 v slot 13 n slot 21 (thit b 1660SM) Chc nng : Card A21E1 cung cp kt ni t back panel n ng bn dy ngoi v ngc li cho 21 lung tn hiu PDH ( 2Mbit/s)

Hnh 3.13 Card A21E1 3.10. Card ES4 8FE Card ES4 -8FE c 8 cng Ethenet /Fast Ethernet v mt cng Gigabit.Card ny c gn slot 6,7,8 (thit b 1650SM-C), t slot 24 n slot 39 (thit b 1660SM) Chc nng: L card u ni cc lung Ethernet/Fast Ethernet hoc Gigabit Ethernet, thc hin x l truyn dn cc lung Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet qua mng truyn dn SDH. Ch c th s dng mt cng Gigabit Ethernet hoc 8 cng Ethernet/Fast Ethernet

Hnh 3.14 Card ES4 8FE 3.11. Card ES1 8FE Card ES1-8FE c 8 cng Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, c gn slot 1, 3 (thit b 1640FOX),slot 6,7,8 (thit b 1650SM-C),t slot 24 n slot 39 (thit b 1660SM) Chc nng: L card u ni cc lung Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, thc hin x l truyn dn cc lung Ethernet/Fast Ethernet qua mng truyn dn SDH. C th s dng 8 lung Ethernet/Fast Ethernet u vo

Hnh 3.15 Card ES1 8FE