SURAH 1

Al- Fatiha

( Ang Panimula ) 7- Ayath

1. Sa Ngalan ni Allah, ang Pinakamahabagin, ang Pinakamaawain. 2. Ang lahat ng kaluhalatian at pagpup[uri ay kay Allah, ang Rabb
(Panginoon, Tagapanustos at Tagapagtangkilik). Ng lahat ng linalang.

3. Ang Pinakamahabagin, ang Pinakamaawain

4. Ang tanging may Hawak. (o pagpapasya) sa Araw ng paghatol.

5. Ikaw (po) lamang ang aming sinasamba at ikaw (po) lamang ang aming hinihingan ng tulong.

6. Iyomg patnubayan kami sa matuwid na landas.

7. Sa landas ng mga ginawaran Ninyo ng inyong mga biyaya at hindi sa landas na umaani ng Iyong pagkapoot, gayun din naman ay hindi sa landas ng mga napaligaw sa patnubay.

1) Si Propeta Muhammad (sawa) ay

nagsabi. Sinumang nalulugod na ang Allah ang Siyang Panginoon. Islam ang pananampalataya, at si Muhammad ay Sugo, malalasap niya ang tamis ng pananalampataya. (Muslim)

What is PERT & What is CPM

PERT is a Program Evaluation and Review Technique

CPM Critical Path Method

PERT & CPM were developed independently in the later part of 1950s. This two are networks. A technique, used for planning and coordinating large scale project.

CPM was designed as a tool for planning, scheduling, and control of construction work. Its emphasis was on the work or activities to be manage. The network diagram defined and focused attention on the job to be accomplished. The schedule derives the earliest and the latest times for their start and finish.
PERT was developed as a result of looking for an improved method of planning and evaluating progress of a large scale research and development program. It was designed to provide the management a periodic reporting of current status and an outlook for the future on meeting approved plans and schedules. It answer the questions such as Is this a feasible schedule? And what are the probabilities of making it?

Three Phases of PERT/CPM

1. Planning 2. Scheduling 3. Control-Monitor

1. Planning is defined as determining the

relationship between the work operation and the sequence in which they are to be performed.

2. Scheduling is defined as the process of

translating the arrow diagram into the time table calendar days.

3 Control monitor Flexibility and updated re-computations brought about by changing conditions is the key to a successful network programming.

Network Diagram

The Network Fundamentals

A ) Network Convention:
Two Convention of Network Diagram

1 Activity on Arrow 2 Activity on Node

(AOA) (AON)

- Using arrow to designate activities

- Using node to designate activity

Illustration :

A Events 1 i- node AON AOA

ACTIVITY

B Events 2 j- node

B) Elements of Network Diagram

1-Work B cannot start until after work A is Completed

2- C cannot start until both A & B are Completed

C

3 - A must be completed before either B or C can start.

4 Both A & C must be completed before either B or D can start.

5 Both A & B must be completed before D can start C depends only on A. x is called dummy
C

A x
B

Dummy is an arrow on a network showing the dependent relationship between two activities. However dummy activity does not represent actual work efforts. And do not consume time. Dummy activity may be used in the network to distinguish between two or more parallel activities.

6 C depends on A &B. D depends on A only y is called dummy

C

A y
B

C) Principles in Networking or Arrow Diagram

Principle # 1: That everything in the network or arrow diagram must have a meaning.

a) Every arrow represent an item of work and is called Activity.

Excavation

b) An Event is the starting point of an Activity represented by a circle, square or any geometrical form..
event

c) An Activity is dependent upon and cannot begin until after the completion of all preceding Activities.

Making forms

Pour footing slab

Order and deliver cement

d) All activities that start with the same event cannot begin until after the completion of all activities that enter that event.

Making forms

Four footing slab

Order and deliver

pedestal

Principle # :2 That an activity has a single definite starting point and a single definite ending point. An arrow in the network must satisfy two basic questions: 1) What activities must be completed before this one can start? 2)What activities cannot be started if this one is not completed?

Digging

Forms

Block laying

Wall footing

Principle # :3 The network (arrow diagram) does not describe time relationships but rather dependency relationship.

3 1
A

2 4
E

Principle # :4

That the network (arrow diagram ) is hardly ever done by a single person.

The accomplishment of the schedule made in the network diagram is influenced by several number of people who have something to do with the project and should be consulted when making the network. Likewise, the sub-contractors and suppliers should be asked to review the network to be sure that the activities affecting their participation is accurately and realistically describe

Fundamental Elements of PERT/CPM Networking

The fundamental elements of PERT/CPM networking activities are: Activity Events and Time Activity is the work operation required to complete a task or in some cases, a segment of that task. In short, it is the actual work between events. Events is a point in time signifying the beginning or end of one or more activities. It denotes the completion of all preceding or predecessor activities and the beginning of one or more succeeding activities

Time- is the duration it takes an activity to be finished. In short, this is the normal duration of a task.

Illustration:

From the following table of information, a) Draw a network diagram, b) Find the Critical Path, c) Determine the expected duration of the project.
Activity A C D B E F I J G H K Precedes C, B D I I F J J END H K END Expected time (days) 4 12 2 5 3 8 12 9 1 3 15

Solution:
Acti Prec Expec vity edes ted time (days)

a) Draw a Network Diagram 8 D = 2 12

A C D B

C, B D I I

4 12 2 5

start 1
E =3

2 4

B=5

I = 12

11

3
4 2

F =8

6 5

J=9

10

E
F I J

F
J J END

3
8 12 9

H=3

K =15

9 end

G
H K

H
K END

1
3 15

Solution:

b) Find the Critical Path,

C.P. 2

b) 1-2-5-7-8-9=

5
B=5

7
8
K =15

start

E =3

F =8

c)
DURATION = 39 Days

H=3

9 end

Path 1: A,C,D,I,J = 4+12+2+12+9 = 39 2: A,B,,I,J = 4+5+12+9 = Path

Path 3: E,F,J = 3+8+9 = 20 Path 4: G,H,K1+3+15 =19