Project 7

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\plain\pard\sl-306 \li1695 \ri5428 \expndtw-10 \b\i \f20 \fs28 GLOBALIZATION
\par
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\plain\par
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-7 \b \f20 \fs22 Vital Statistics
\par
\column
\plain\sl-256\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs22 "\i The
greatest challenge we face today is to ensure that globalization becomes a
\plain\expndtw-1 \i \f20 \fs22 positive force for all the world's people, instea
d of leaving billions of them behind in
\plain\expndtw1 \i \f20 \fs22 squalor. Inclusive globalization must be built on
the great enabling force of the
\plain\expndtw0 \i \f20 \fs22 market, but market forces alone will not achieve i
t. It requires a broader effort to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri786 \expndtw-5 \i \f20 \fs22 create a shared future, based
upon our common humanity in all its diversity\i0 ."
\plain\par
\sl-270\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri4331 \fi360 \expndtw-5 \i \f20 \fs22 F
rom the Millennium Report
\par
\sect\sectd\sbknone\plain\sl-219\fs22\par\pard\pard\sl-254 \li720 \ri577 \expndt
w-6 {\f0\fs29 \bullet }
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Of the world's six billion people, 1.2
billion live in extreme poverty, or on an income of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li720 \ri1117 \fi360 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 roughly US $1 a day or
less. Just under 3 billion people live on $2 a day or less.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-263 \li720 \ri51 \expndtw-6 {\f0\fs29 \bullet }
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Industrialized countries, with 19 per c
ent of the world's population, account for 71% of global
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li1080 \ri186 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 trade in goods and services, 5
8 per cent of foreign direct investment, and 91% of all Internet
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li1080 \ri7034 \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs22 users.
\plain\par
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 More than US$1.5 billion is now exchang
ed on the world's currency markets each day.
\plain\par
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 Foreign investment topped US$400 billio
n in 1997, seven times the level, in real terms, of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li720 \ri6693 \fi360 \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs22 the 1970s.
\plain\par
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Between 1983 and 1993, cross-border sal
es of US Treasury bonds increased from $30 billion
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li720 \ri5586 \fi360 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 to $500 billion per yea
r.
\plain\par
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 International bank lending grew from $2
65 billion in 1975 to $4.2 trillion in 1994.
\plain\par
\plain\tx1074 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 The world's 200 richest people more tha
n doubled their net worth in the four years before
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li1080 \ri482 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 1998, to more than $1 trillion
. The assets of the top three billionaires total more than the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li1080 \ri1064 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 combined GNP of all the least
developed countries with their 600 million people.
\par
\plain\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri5208 \expndtw-4 \b \f20 \fs22 Gl
obalization{\f63 \u8212\'3f}An unstoppable force?
\plain\par
\sl-273\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri282 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 There was a

time when Coca-Cola was the hallmark of a global company, selling its soft drink
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri1159 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 in virtually every country, in v
irtually every language. But now the world is used to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri188 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 MacDonald's selling hamburgers in
Moscow, Beijing and Karachi, while Toyota pick-up trucks
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri485 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 roam the African Sahel, and Sony
televisions occupy a central location in homes worldwide.
\plain\par
\sl-284\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri592 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 This is the
golden age for business, commerce and trade. Never before in the history of the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri471 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 world has there been such an oppo
rtunity to sell as many goods to as many people as there is
\plain\expndtw-10 \f20 \fs24 right now.
\plain\par
\sl-270\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri376 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 It's not jus
t big companies that are in on the explosion{\f63 \u8212\'3f}although they may d
ominate. Instant
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri916 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 information and communications ha
ve allowed indigenous people in Guyana to market
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri619 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 handmade hammocks through the Int
ernet, and even the fifty or so people living on remote
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Pitcairn Island can sell their handicrafts anywhere.
\plain\par
\sl-270\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri782 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 With instant
information and communication, virtually everything is available to anyone,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri390 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 anywhere. Markets are now global
and many corporations are often richer and more powerful
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri6681 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs24 than many countries.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri714 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 There has al
ways been trade between countries and societies, but never on a scale close to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri1092 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 today's levels. A combination of
reduced trade barriers, financial liberalisation and a
\par
\sect\sectd\sbkpage\margtsxn1340\pard
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}}}
}}\margt1440\margb140\margr1420\margl1440
\plain\pard\sl-262 \li0 \ri354 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 technological revolution ha
ve completely changed the nature of business in virtually all of the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri6376 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 industrialized countries.
\par
\plain\sl-260\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-312 \li360 \ri71 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \bulle
t }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The countries of the world are exporting
ten times the amount they did in 1950, and more
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li720 \ri260 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 money{\f63 \u8212\'3f}more than
$1.5 trillion a day{\f63 \u8212\'3f}now moves across borders. In 1973, that fig
ure
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li720 \ri5996 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs24 was only $15 billion.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 More people are travelling than ever bef
ore, with 590 million going abroad in 1996,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li360 \ri4376 \fi360 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 compared to about 260 m
illion in 1980.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 More people are making international tel
ephone calls than ever before, and are paying
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li720 \ri70 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 less. A three minute phone call
from New York to London cost $245 in 1930{\f63 \u8212\'3f}in 1990 it
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li720 \ri6766 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs24 cost just $3.
\par
\plain\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-269 \li0 \ri368 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Global
ization does not stop there. With the Internet and state-of-the-art telecommunic
ations,
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 sales and technical representatives based in India c
an answer customer questions in the United
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri1164 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 States. Back-office insurance jo
bs can be located thousands of miles from company
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri125 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 headquarters, in different parts
of the country, in different countries, and on different continents.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri421 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 More trade,
more markets, more business, more information, more jobs, more opportunities.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri854 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 This is the promise of a globaliz
ed world. The tide of globalization has already brought
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri638 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 considerable wealth to areas of t
he world long accustomed to only poverty, and even more
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri219 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 wealth to areas that were doing q
uite well already. In East and South-East Asia, countries have
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri691 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 turned to export-based economies
to propel themselves up the development ladder. In the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri327 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 coastal regions of China, global
market-oriented businesses have helped raise living standards
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri6523 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs24 for millions of people.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri354 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 This whirlwi
nd of economic activity has brought many benefits, and wealth, to many people.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri57 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 There has been faster economic gro
wth, higher living standards, accelerated innovation, and new
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri354 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 opportunities for both individual
s and countries. Accompanied by a revolution in information
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri313 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 and technology, the world is very
much a smaller and more integrated planet than ever before.
\plain\par
\sl-315\fs31\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri2851 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 But if glob
alization can generate wealth, it can also take it away:
\par
\plain\sl-260\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-312 \li0 \ri30 \fi60 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \b
ullet }
\plain\tx416 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The billions of investment dollars that
washed up on Asian shores in the mid-1990's abruptly
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li420 \ri70 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 reversed direction in 1997, send
ing millions of people back into poverty in what has become
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li420 \ri664 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 known as the Asian financial cr
ises, although its impact was so widespread it affected
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li420 \ri219 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 countries on virtually every co
ntinent. Hardly a fluke economic condition, the Asian crisis
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 marked the fifth serious international monetary and
financial crisis in the last two decades,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li420 \ri381 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 all which have left a trail of
financial devastation and ruin from Russia to Latin America.
\plain\par
\sl-260\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-312 \li0 \ri354 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \bullet }
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The benefits of globalization have large
ly bypassed over half of the world's population, or
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li360 \ri178 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 close to 3 billion people who m
ake do on less than US$2 a day. These are people who have
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li360 \ri68 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 not shared in the new wealth, ar
e not connected to the Internet, and for the most part, lack the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li360 \ri1191 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 necessary skills that are need
ed to participate in this brave new economic world.
\plain\par
\sl-260\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-312 \li0 \ri367 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \bullet }
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 In Central Asia and Eastern Europe, wher
e many countries have not adapted to the global
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li0 \ri2135 \fi360 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 economy, more people toda
y are living in poverty than ten years ago.
\plain\par
\sl-215\fs21\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li0 \ri4182 \fi4635 \expn
dtw-1 \f20 \fs19 2
\par
{\shp
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01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
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0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108067204fb03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
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0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
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}}}
\plain\pard\sl-365 \li360 \ri241 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \bullet }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Despite all the talk of globalization, t
he bulk of the world remains largely untouched by
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li720 \ri444 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 it. It is estimated that half t
he world's population has never even made, or received, a
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li720 \ri1335 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 telephone call, according to U
nited Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
\par
\plain\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri269 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The Se
cretary-General contends that with all its problems, globalization can be a posi
tive force
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri498 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 for all the world's people. "I re
main convinced that globalization can benefit humankind as a
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri107 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 whole. But clearly, at the moment
, millions of people -- perhaps even the majority of the human
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri1038 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 race -- are being denied those b
enefits. They are poor not because they have too much
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri4832 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 globalization, but too little or
none at all."
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri660 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 But the Secr
etary-General recognizes that globalization comes with many dangers. On the
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 balance, he found that globalization "draws peoples
closer together, and offers many of us
\plain\par
\pard\sl-284 \li0 \ri160 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 choices that our grandparents cou
ld not even dream of. It enables us to produce more efficiently,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri525 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 and allows some of us, at least,
to improve our quality of life. But alas, these benefits are far
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri458 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 from being felt equally by all. T
he long term of positive change is, for millions of our fellow
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri106 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 human beings, simply too far off
to be meaningful. Millions still live on the margins of the world
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri282 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 economy. Millions more are experi
encing globalization not as an opportunity, but as a force of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri53 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 disruption or destruction: as an a
ssault on their material standards of living, or on their traditional
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri79 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 way of life. And those who feel ma
rginalised in this way are growing more and more numerous."
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri1227 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 -- Address to the General Assemb
ly, New York, 21 September 1998 (SG/SM/6707)
\plain\par
\sl-300\fs30\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri5670 \expndtw-3 \b \f20 \fs24 The Back
lash to Globalization
\plain\par
\sl-270\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri768 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 Clearly, not
everyone is happy about globalization. Many people don't like globalization
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri579 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 because it allows rich and powerf
ul outside business interests to intrude into a local culture,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri39 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 overrides local traditions, and th
reatens a way of life. There were many who cheered for a French
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri511 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 farmer who vandalized a McDonald'
s. Starbucks coffee shops have been favorite targets for
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri5776 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 people protesting globalization.
\plain\par
\sl-284\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri242 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 In more trad
itional societies, globalization threatens the cultural and religious underpinni
ngs of
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 society. In both industrialized and developing count
ries, many people feel threatened{\f63 \u8212\'3f}and are
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri944 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs24 threatened{\f63 \u8212\'3f}by the

globalization process. A globalized economy presents a myriad of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri201 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 challenges, from protecting local
cultures to protecting the environment to protecting local jobs.
\plain\par
\sl-255\fs25\par\pard\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri146 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 The backlash
is very real. During the failed World Trade Organization talks in Seattle that
were
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 intended to further expand trading opportunities las
t December, thousands of demonstrators who
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri538 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 agree on little else aside from a
common dislike for globalization, caused major disruptions.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri632 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Labor Unions protested, fearing t
hat a new trade agreement would provide an incentive for
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri525 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 companies to move their jobs abro
ad. Environmentalists protested, fearing that global trade
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 agreements would undercut domestic environmental saf
eguards. And there were nationalists,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri120 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 who feared that further globaliza
tion would diminish national sovereignty, and possibly lead to a
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri5641 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 loss of freedom, liberty or righ
ts.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri255 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Whether it i
s viewed as an ominous juggernaut that crushes everything in its path, or whethe
r it
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri633 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 holds the promise of a better fut
ure, globalization is a phenomenon that is with us. Like the
\par
\plain\sl-305\fs30\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li4635 \ri4218 \exp
ndtw-1 \f20 \fs19 3
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
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0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
}}}

\plain\pard\sl-262 \li0 \ri394 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 weather, it is, and will be
, a source for endless discussion, but little can be done about it. But
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri3229 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 also like the weather, it is a f
orce to which people can adapt.
\plain\par
\sl-296\fs30\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri6454 \expndtw-8 \b \f20 \fs22 Balancin
g the Concerns
\plain\par
\sl-243\fs24\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri287 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 At the inter
national level, developing and developed countries have widely differing concern
s.
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 In developing countries, where poverty is acute, the
emphasis is on development, at almost any
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri151 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 cost. Pointing out that the devel
oped countries industrialized at a time when there was no regard
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri368 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 for environmental concerns and wh
en labor standards were abominable, developing countries
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri85 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 maintain that unless they receive
some assistance, they have little choice but to develop any way
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri7683 \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs24 they can.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-269 \li0 \ri44 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Developing co
untries have also asked the international community for help to postpone or canc
el
\plain\par
\pard\sl-269 \li0 \ri705 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 their staggering debt. These coun
tries are obligated to repay loans that were taken out by
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri85 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 previous corrupt or dictatorial re
gimes, or that were suggested by donors to finance development
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri232 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 schemes that did not work out. Of
ten, these debt payments amount to far more money than the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri1920 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 countries are able to spend on o
ther necessities, such as health or education.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri381 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 Assistance{\
f63 \u8212\'3f}both financial and technical{\f63 \u8212\'3f}has been sorely lack
ing, developing countries say.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri232 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Statistics support that contentio
n and show that the financial assistance that the richer countries
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri665 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 have provided the poorer ones has
dropped sharply over the last decade. There have been
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri286 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 initiatives by the international
financial institutions and by some donor governments to forgive
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri30 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 debt, but so far, very few countri
es have qualified for these programmes, and debt relief has been
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri7090 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs24 long in coming.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri381 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Developed co
untries, on the other hand, say that the debate over foreign assistance misses t
he
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri179 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 point. What is important, they sa
y, is the skyrocketing amounts of foreign direct investment by
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri70 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 the private sector, and maintain t
hat if developing countries want to attract investment, they must
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri219 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 adapt themselves to the needs of
the global economy in terms of governance and infrastructure.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri206 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 In fact, for
eign investment, coupled with an export-oriented economy, has already proven its
elf
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri610 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 as a potent force for development
, and has fueled the extraordinary growth of the so-called
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri367 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 "Asian Tigers" over the last seve
ral decades{\f63 \u8212\'3f}both before and after the Asian financial crisis.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri165 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Countries such as the Republic of
Korea, Thailand, the Philippines and China have all benefited
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 from a large influx of foreign investment and have e
xperienced rapid growth, allowing millions
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri260 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 to move out of poverty. Yet while
the amounts of foreign investments to developing countries
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri164 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 have grown, most of it goes to on
e country{\f63 \u8212\'3f}China, and most other countries receive very little.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri327 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The argument
given, then, is that most developing countries have to work to make themselves
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri556 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 attractive to foreign investment.
This means, these countries have been told, that they must
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri85 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 establish governments that are sta
ble, democratic, accountable and transparent to provide a place
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri6038 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 where business can operate.
\par
\plain\sl-245\fs25\par\pard\pard\sl-293 \li360 \ri123 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs33 \bull
et }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Though about one-quarters of foreign dir
ect investment (FDI) now goes to developing countries,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-237 \li720 \ri82 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 not everybody benefits from it.
Asia receives almost 20 times more foreign investment than Sub\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri757 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Saharan Africa, where the need
is the greatest. One of the reasons why some developing

\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri204 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 countries fail to attract forei
gn investment is lack of information about investment opportunities
\plain\par
\sl-203\fs20\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li360 \ri4182 \fi4275 \ex
pndtw-1 \f20 \fs19 4
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108067204fb03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-248 \li720 \ri419 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 in those countries. Doing
precisely that is the goal of a new joint initiative undertaken by the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri650 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 United Nations Conference on Tr
ade and Development (UNCTAD) and the International
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri366 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Chamber of Commerce. This initi
ative includes publication of investment guides, describing
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li720 \ri42 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 investment opportunities and con
ditions in the least developed countries, and promoting dialogue
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri258 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 between Governments and potenti
al investment. Twenty-eight companies, some of them very
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li720 \ri83 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 big, are supporting the partners
hip and contributing to the project, as are China, Finland, France,
\plain\expndtw-7 \f20 \fs22 India and Norway.
\plain\par
\sl-300\fs30\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri4631 \expndtw-6 \b \f20 \fs22 The Role
and Responsibility of Corporations
\plain\par
\sl-243\fs24\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri125 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 With their w
orld-wide operations succeeding in maximizing profits, corporations have assumed
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 extraordinary power, often far surpassing that of go
vernments. With virtually no global rules or
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri840 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 regulations, corporations have be
en able to operate with a free hand in the international
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri772 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 marketplace, moving factories whe
re labor costs are low and where resources are cheap.
\plain\par
\sl-284\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri448 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 But corporat
ions themselves are finding out that there are limitations, even in this wild-we
st
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri287 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 theatre of operations. With eithe
r a spark of conscience or a heads-up look at the bottom line,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri83 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 many corporations have learned tha
t there are indeed limitations to what they can, and that there
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri5133 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 are responsibilities they must a
ssume.
\par
et }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Some corporations have learned this the
hard way. Union Carbide learned this when its
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li720 \ri205 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 chemical plant in Bhopal, India
, spewed poisonous gases that killed 6,000 people. And
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Exxon learned this when its tanker, the Exxon Valdez
, spilled 11 barrels of oil over the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li720 \ri71 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Gulf of Alaska, which caused the
company's sales to fall from U.S. $9.9 billion a year to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li720 \ri1272 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 US $.4.8 billion eight years l
ater, plus an addition billion in clean-up costs.
\par
\plain\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri206 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Catast
rophic incidents such as these are well-known and relatively rare. Yet there are
growing
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 networks of non-governmental organizations who have
made it their business to publicize other
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri70 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 corporate transgressions, such as
poor environmental, labor, or human rights violations. To limit
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri192 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 exposure to bad publicity which c
an severely limit profits, or in some cases, just to do the right
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri678 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 thing, many companies themselves
have adopted various codes of conduct in their global
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri7630 \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs24 dealings.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri381 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 To engage bu
siness and corporations in a dialogue on corporate social responsibility, the UN
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri557 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Secretary-General has proposed a
nine-principle code of conduct for business{\f63 \u8212\'3f}the Global

\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri192 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Compact -- which is drawn from ex
isting international agreements on the environment, human
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri394 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 rights and worker rights. A wide
range of corporations have pledged that they will adhere to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri98 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 these principles, some that have b
een extensively criticized for their past practices. One of those
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri340 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 companies is the sneaker company
Nike, which has been singled out for criticism on its labor
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri5497 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 practices in developing countrie
s.
\par
et }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Philip Knight, the founder of Nike and i
ts Chief Executive Officer said at a recent
\plain\par
\pard\sl-281 \li720 \ri300 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 meeting at the UN on the Global
Compact, "When we started the company that would
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li720 \ri179 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 eventually become Nike, I never
dreamed that a small Oregon business selling sneakers
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li720 \ri326 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 from the trunk of an old Valian
t would become a symbol of globalization. But it has."
\par
\plain\sl-95\fs9\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li4635 \r
i4128 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs19 5
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108067204fb03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-262 \li0 \ri300 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 He added, "In many ways Nik
e has become a fitting symbol for what is right - and what needs
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri111 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 fixing - in an increasingly inter
dependent economy. We are small by multinational standards but
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri529 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 manufacture in 50 countries. In e
ach there are distinctly different legal, social, financial and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri422 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 economic systems. That means Nike
, and thousands of other companies, have a monumental
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri394 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 task: defining what our global re
sponsibility is, and how to act on it, in many host countries."
\plain\par
\sl-315\fs31\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri5888 \expndtw-5 \b \f20 \fs24 Developi
ng Countries Wary
\plain\par
\sl-255\fs25\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri354 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Developing c
ountries, however, are nervous about the imposition of conditions. They already
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri165 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 must meet a plethora of condition
s to receive loans from the International Monetary Fund or the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri1191 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 World Bank{\f63 \u8212\'3f}and s
ome of these conditions have been more damaging than helpful.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri71 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 Consequently, they are leery of th
e push for greater corporate responsibility. While they support
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri247 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 labor standards, environmental pr
otection, and human rights, many of these countries are wary
\plain\par
\pard\sl-269 \li0 \ri219 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 that they are just a smokescreen
for greater protectionism in the richer countries. They fear that
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri70 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 without resources, they will be ho
pelessly unable to enforce these principles, and will then be the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri125 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 target of sanctions. Their fears
are not unfounded, as United States President Bill Clinton raised
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri3568 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 the specter of sanctions in Seat
tle during the WTO talks.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri435 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Developing c
ountries have also been slow to support the Global Compact initiative, as many
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 believe that the principles selected contain a north
ern bias. Of greater concern to developing
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri286 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 countries are the behavior of mon
opolies, the need for foreign corporations to contribute to the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri5201 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 tax base, and a sharing of techn
ology.
\plain\par
\sl-315\fs31\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri6958 \expndtw-5 \b \f20 \fs24 New Chal
lenges
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri434 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 There is no

world government to regulate all the facets of globalization, and very few peopl
e
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 want one. Yet to manage globalization to ensure that
all enjoy its benefits, there is a need for
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri84 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 more comprehensive global governan
ce{\f63 \u8212\'3f}a system of international law based on the principle of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri448 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 multilateralism that will spell o
ut the ground rules for all participants in the global economy.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri43 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Many areas of
interdependence need global attention. The benefits of a globalized economy mus
t
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri598 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 be accompanied by greater global
cooperation to prevent and contain the spread of "global
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri246 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 bads," such as the spread of econ
omic crises, epidemics, environmental degradation, crime and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri313 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 drugs. Cooperation is to address
macroeconomic policies, and on trade, aid and the need for a
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 fair and equitable system to protect intellectual pr
operty.
\plain\par
\sl-270\fs27\par\pard\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri218 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 At present,
there are organizations to address many of these issues, but by and large, their
work
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri543 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 is uncoordinated, and poorly supp
orted by the international community. To achieve a more
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri138 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 integrated degree of policy coher
ence, gaps must be filled and existing structures improved. Not
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri395 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 to dominate national governments
and overpower cultures and societies, the essential role for
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri1218 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 global governance is to define o
bjectives, set standards, and to monitor compliance.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri57 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 The United Na
tions, a treaty organization made up of 189 countries, is part of the answer. Bu
t to
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri651 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 address the needs of people, it n
eeds the support not only of governments, but also of civil
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 society, the private sector, parliamentarians, local
authorities, the scientific community, and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri7334 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs24 many others.
\par
\plain\sl-95\fs9\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li4635 \ri4182 \e
xpndtw-1 \f20 \fs19 6
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108067204fb03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-262 \li0 \ri115 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 The Secretary-General think
s, as a result of globalization, the world's commitment to the poor is
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri345 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs24 being recognized not only as a mo
ral imperative but also as a common interest. Each country
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri264 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 must still take primary responsib
ility for its own programmes of economic growth and poverty
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri61 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 reduction. "By ridding the world o
f the scourge of extreme poverty is a challenge to everyone of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri1653 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 us. It is one that we must not f
ail to meet," he urges in the Millennium Report.
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri170 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 To this end,
the Secretary- General proposes concrete actions, urging the developed countrie
s in
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri7339 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs24 particular to:
\par
\plain\sl-260\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-312 \li360 \ri1708 \expndtw-7 {\f0\fs36 \bul
let }
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Grant free access to their markets for g
ood produced in poor countries.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Implement debt relief programme, includi
ng cancellation of all official debts of the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li720 \ri682 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 heavily indebted poor countries
, in return for those countries making demonstrable
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 commitments to poverty reduction.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Grant more generous development assistan
ce.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Work with pharmaceutical countries and o
ther partners to develop an effective and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-266 \li360 \ri5082 \fi360 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs24 affordable vaccine agai
nst HIV.
\plain\par
\plain\tx715 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 Make special provision for the needs of
Africa.
\par
\plain\sl-263\fs26\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri5689 \expndtw-5 \b \f20 \fs22 Su
ggested Activities for Students
\par
\plain\sl-219\fs22\par\pard\pard\sl-254 \li0 \ri424 \expndtw-6 {\f0\fs29 \bullet
}
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 Make an informal survey of objects in yo
ur home to determine where they were made. See what
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri317 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 items are made where. OR select
a meal and list all the components of that meal. Where does each
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri59 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 component come from? OR take a w
alk down the food aisle of a local supermarket. Look at the labels
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 and find out the geographic origin of each product o
n the shelves. Share your findings with the class.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri5501 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 What conclusions can you draw?
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Select a group you are a part of. Ask ea
ch member to share their roots: the ethnic origins of their
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri209 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 family members. Identify the ro
utes followed by the movements of these family members/ancestors
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri289 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 on a world map, using push pins
or other markers to show the composite roots. Share your findings
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li360 \ri478 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 with the class. What observatio
ns can be made? What kind of economic goods tend to follow the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri2274 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 movement of a group of people
to a new area? Why? Cite local examples.
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Research the events of the World Trade O
rganization meeting in Seattle. What is the World Trade
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri155 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Organization? Which countries a
re members? What is its function? How have decisions been made?
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri343 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 What and why were there protest
ors at the meeting in Seattle? What were some of the reasons and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-254 \li360 \ri74 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 issues behind the protests? Sele
ct several of the countries which sent representatives. Research to find
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri3664 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 out the positions the countrie
s took on the various issues
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Choose a company which has been the targ
et of protest. Research to find out more about the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri100 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 company, the nature and locatio
n of its operations, its stock performance, the nature of the arguments
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri46 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 used by protestors, the response
offered by the company, the effects of the protest on the operations of
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri262 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 the company and on the value of
the stock. Check the web page of the Global Compact to see if the
\plain\expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 company has signed the compact.
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Using such resources as\i Forbes Magazi
ne\i0 or\i The Economist\i0 or their websites, compile a list of the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri100 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 world's largest corporations an
d a list of their total sales. Using the resources of the World Bank, find
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li360 \ri586 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 a list of the gross product of
the countries of the world in rank order. Compare the two lists and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri33 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 compile a list of the 100 wealth
iest entities in the world. Of these top100, how many are countries and
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 how many are corporations? Share your observations w
ith the class. From the list of 100 you compile,
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 which names are most familiar to you and members of
the class. Research more about recent mergers
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri208 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 among large corporations. What
effect have these mergers had on the wealth of these new corporate
\plain\expndtw-9 \f20 \fs22 entities.
\par
\plain\sl-188\fs19\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li4635 \ri4200
\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs19 7
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101
01010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc0
001108067204fb03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001
02030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221
31410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a2526272829
2a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a
0101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407
05040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f015
6272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a53545556575859
5a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-297 \li0 \ri213 \expndtw-6 {\f0\fs29 \bullet }
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 Choose a company that makes a product th
at you have at home. Find out more about the company,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri226 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 the location of its headquarter
s and other important locations, the product/s it makes, its history and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri590 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 growth. Check their website to
see if they have a corporate code of conduct. Does it explicitly
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li360 \ri415 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 protect the environment, worker
s' right and human rights? Write to the company expressing your
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri2440 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 views about its operations, or
your opinion about the product you have.
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Check out the website of a non-governmen
tal organization, such as Corporate Watch or the Institute
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri213 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 for Policy Studies. What kind o
f issues do they study? Which corporations do they watch? Why? Is
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri6585 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs22 their criticism fair?
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Plan a globalization forum for your scho
ol. Invite members of the business, trade, human rights,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri146 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 environmental and labor organiz
ations to participate and share their insights into the topic. Speakers
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri280 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 could be asked to offer suggest
ions for activities students might undertake. Listen to all views and
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li360 \ri78 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 decide on the ones which make th
e most sense to you. Interested students may wish to plan follow up
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri3399 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 activities based on suggestion
s the speakers might propose.
\plain\par
\plain\tx356 \tab \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 Track the stock market reports on the fi
nancial pages of a major newspaper over several weeks. See
\plain\par
\pard\sl-246 \li360 \ri375 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 how the progress on one world s
tock market affects others. Share the results with the class. What
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li360 \ri5938 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 conclusions can you draw?
\par
\plain\sl-300\fs30\par\pard\pard\sl-225 \li0 \ri6815 \expndtw-7 \b \f20 \fs22 Se
lected Resources
\plain\par
\sl-255\fs25\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri6374 \expndtw-5 \b \f20 \fs22 On the W
orld wide web
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri6072 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs22 UNDP:\cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{
\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul u}{\ul n}{\ul
d}{\ul p}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri37 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 UN Department of Economic and Soci
al Affairs (DESA):\cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{
\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul u}{\ul n}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{\ul ;}\cf0
see also the website for the
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri699 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 World Summit for Social Developme
nt and its five-year review:\cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul
/}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul u}{\ul n}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{
\ul /}{\ul s}{\ul o}{\ul c}{\ul i}{\ul a}{\ul l}{\ul s}{\ul u}{\ul m}{\ul m}{\ul
i}{\ul t}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri1649 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs22 UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan'
s Global Compact:\fs19 \cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\u
l /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul u}{\ul n}{\ul g}{\ul l}{\ul o}{\ul b}{\ul a
}{\ul l}{\ul c}{\ul o}{\ul m}{\ul p}{\ul a}{\ul c}{\ul t}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\
ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri4456 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 The World Trade Organization:\fs
19 \cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\
ul w}{\ul .}{\ul w}{\ul t}{\ul o}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri4830 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 The World Bank:\cf6 {\ul }{\ul
h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul w}{
\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul l}{\ul d}{\ul b}{\ul a}{\ul n}{\ul k}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul
g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri5548 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Corporate Watch:\fs19 \cf6 {\ul
}{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{
\ul g}{\ul o}{\ul .}{\ul c}{\ul o}{\ul m}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri4173 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs22 Business for Social Responsibili
ty:\fs19 \cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\u
l w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\ul b}{\ul s}{\ul r}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri4911 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 International Council of Free Tr
ade Unions:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri6248 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 Institute for Policy Studies:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri5402 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs22 Inter-Press Service:\fs19 \cf6 {
\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul
.}{\ul i}{\ul p}{\ul s}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri4155 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU):
\cf6 {\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul
w}{\ul .}{\ul i}{\ul p}{\ul u}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-255 \li0 \ri3062 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Transparency International:\cf6
{\ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\u
l .}{\ul t}{\ul r}{\ul a}{\ul n}{\ul s}{\ul p}{\ul a}{\ul r}{\ul e}{\ul n}{\ul c
}{\ul y}{\ul .}{\ul d}{\ul e}{\ul /}{\ul i}{\ul n}{\ul d}{\ul e}{\ul x}{\ul .}{\
ul h}{\ul t}{\ul m}{\ul l}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri4927 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs22 Friedrich Ebert Stiftung:\cf6 {\
ul }{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul
.}{\ul f}{\ul e}{\ul s}{\ul .}{\ul d}{\ul e}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\pard\sl-254 \li0 \ri4533 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs22 The Ford Foundation:\cf6 {\ul }
{\ul h}{\ul t}{\ul t}{\ul p}{\ul :}{\ul /}{\ul /}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul w}{\ul .}{\u
l f}{\ul o}{\ul r}{\ul d}{\ul f}{\ul o}{\ul u}{\ul n}{\ul d}{\ul .}{\ul o}{\ul r
}{\ul g}{\ul /}
\plain\par
\sl-93\fs9\par\sl-240\fs24\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri7314 \expndtw-9 \b \f20
\fs24 Publications
\plain\par
\sl-240\fs24\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri4062 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs24 An agenda f
or development, United Nations, 1997
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri2578 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Change: Threat or Opportunity fo
r Human progress?, UNDP, 1991
\plain\par
\pard\sl-285 \li0 \ri4278 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 Overcoming human poverty 2000, U
NDP, 2000
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri4818 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 Human development Report 1997, U
NDP
\plain\par
\sl-105\fs10\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri7181 \fi60 \expndt
w-7 \f20 \fs24 Graphs/charts
\plain\par
\sl-285\fs28\par\pard\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri4873 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs24 Population
living on less than $1 per day
\plain\par
\pard\sl-270 \li0 \ri7344 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs24 (1990-1998)
\plain\par
\sl-315\fs31\par\pard\pard\sl-240 \li0 \ri5142 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs24 From the Mi
llennium Report, page 20
\plain\par
\sl-305\fs30\par\sl-240\fs24\par\pard\pard\sl-195 \li0 \ri4164 \fi4635 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs19 8
\par
}

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