Learning / A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience Acquisition / The formation of a new conditioned response

tendency Extinction / The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response theory SpontaneousRecovery / In classical conditioning, the reappearance of a extinguished response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus Generalization / The tendency to respond to similar conditioned stimulus Discrimination / Behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group ClassicalConditioning / A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus UnconditionedStimulus / A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning UnconditionedResponse / An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning ConditionedResponse / A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning ConditionedStimulus / A previously neutral stimulus that has, thorough conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response AversiveConditioning / A type of conditioning in which something unpleasant is associated with something else HigherOrderConditioning / A type of conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were and unconditioned stimulus LearnedTasteAversion / A type of conditioning in which strange tastes are associated with feelings of sickness OperantConditioning / A form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences LawofEffect / The principle that if a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened InstrumentalLearning / A form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences SkinnerBox / A small enclosure in which an animal can make a specific response that is systematically recored while the consequences of the response are controlled Reinforcer / Reinforcement / An event following a response that strengthens the tendency to make that response PositiveReinforcement / Reinforcement that occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus NegativeReinforcement / The strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus PositivePunishment / The addition of something upleasant OmissionTraining / A procedure in which reinforcement occurs when a specific behavior

does not occur in a fixed period of time Shaping / The reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response Chaining / Teaching subjects to perform a number of responses successively in order to get a reward PrimaryReinforcers / Events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs SecondaryReinforcers / Stimulus events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers GeneralizedReinforcers / Reinforcements that can be traded for virtually anything TokenEconomy / A system for doling out symbolic reinforcers that are exchanged later for a variety of genuine reinforcers FixedRatio / A schedule that provides reinforcement after a set number of responses VariableRatio / A schedule that provides reinforcement based on the number of responses, but the number varies FixedInterval / A schedule that requires that a certain amount of time elapse before a response will result in a reward VariableInterval / A schedule that varies the amount of time required to elapse before a response will result in reinforcement ContinuousReinforcement / Reinforcing every instance of a designated response PartialReinforcement / A reinforcement schedule in which a designated response is reinforced only some of the time InstinctiveDrift / The tendency for an animal's innate responses to interfere with conditioning processes ObservationalLearning / A type of learning that occurs weh nan organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models LatentLearning / Learning that becomes obvious only once a reinforcement is given for demonstrating it InsightLearning / Occurs when one suddenly realizes how to solve a problem AlbertBandura /