Documentos de Académico
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2013 USD
www.alsglobal.com
ALS Geochemistry is the leading full-service provider of analytical geochemistry services to the global mining industry. Our integrated network of over 70 laboratories around the world ensures consistent quality and dependable client service wherever we might meet you. Our services are available through any one of the many general service laboratories listed on the back page of this schedule. We also provide custom services for on-site laboratory and sample preparation facilities as well as mobile laboratories and sample preparation installations. This edition of our Schedule of Services and Fees describes a broad selection of our global services but it is by no means a comprehensive list. For specific questions please contact our client services team or the lab nearest to you and we will be glad to help. Prices listed here do not contain locally applicable taxes. ALS Geochemistry reserves the right to alter listed prices at any time.
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Canada, USA and Mexico
CNAS L4264
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Kyrgyz Republic
ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Peru, Brazil, Chile and Argentina
Please contact us for details regarding the scope of ISO registration at individual laboratories.
table of contents
Exploration Geochemistry............................................................................................ 14
Ultra-Trace Level Methods Using ICP-AES and ICP-MS........................................................................................ 15 Trace Level Methods Using Conventional ICP-AES Analysis. ............................................................................... 17 Low Grade Mineralized Materials......................................................................................................................... 18 Low Level Resistive Elements............................................................................................................................... 18 Individual Element Methods................................................................................................................................. 19 Selective Leach Geochemistry. ............................................................................................................................. 20 Hydrogeochemistry............................................................................................................................................... 22 Biogeochemistry. ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Lithogeochemistry. ....................................................................................................... 24
Lithogeochemistry Packages . ............................................................................................................................. 24 Isotope Geochemistry .......................................................................................................................................... 25
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
WebtrieveTM - coreviewerTM
2
CoreViewer
Imagine being able to share up-close images of drill core from your project with colleagues across the web together with detailed graphically displayed geochemistry, geophysical and mineralogical data.
Employee training is made easier. Validation of geological information is instantaneous. Correlations between chemistry and geological context can be identified by remote co-workers or project managers without them having to be physically present to inspect core or sample material in the field. Conclusions and ideas can be shared and convincingly illustrated with others who might not have the luxury of travel to a remote location to physically inspect drill core or sample material. Collaboration and data sharing are crucial areas of performance for todays fast paced and widely distributed mining professionals. However, the process of accessing essential baseline data that can support geologic models, ore reserve estimations and illustrate or inform projections and strategies is time consuming and sometimes logistically impossible. New and expanding capabilities offered by CoreViewer seek to help address some of these difficulties in a secure and easy to use format over the web.
CoreViewer can accept photographs of core, reverse circulation cuttings or even hand samples for upload to our Webtrieve system where they can be stored and retrieved at any later time. Photos can be sourced in a variety of ways and can be supplied as digital .jpeg files directly to ALS by the client. ALS Geochemistry can also take the photos for you in any one of our more than 70 locations around the world with the advantage that optimal lighting and photographic method conditions are controlled in a lab environment. Photos can be uploaded from current work or even historic work and then paired with analytical results in the ALS Geochemistry archives. Once in our system, the combined image and analytical data will be stored under your client ID and will be available for inspection and review at your leisure at anytime from anywhere. Best of all, the storage and retrieval of this information is free. CoreViewer offers a means of achieving a low-cost, widely accessible permanent archive of information that can be easily accessed by users across all levels of a company. It forms a means of achieving a permanent virtual core library in combination with relevant analytical, geophysical and mineralogical data.
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Combine this powerful new tool for collaborative data interrogation with links to some of the worlds most-used 3D geological modeling software such as ARANZ Geos Leapfrog, Micromine or Maptek Vulcan, the worlds leading mine planning software. Users can instantly view the actual drill core and data that forms the basis of an ore reserve or mining model. Best of all, this information can be accessed from anywhere in the world at any time once appropriate password protection and user identification has been verified.
WebtrieveTM - coreviewerTM
Users of Leapfrog, Micromine and Vulcan can access this data with a simple click on a drill hole in a 3D geological or mine model to see the actual rock and certificate-based analytical data that applies to the point of interest in the model. This provides obvious advantages in rapid interrogation and validation of the high-value interpretations that are made as orebody and ore reserve models are being constructed or audited. ALS Geochemistry is committed to continued innovation to bring enhanced value to the professionals who use our service. We believe in doing this we will demonstrate what it means to be Your Technical Services Partner.
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
sample preparation
4
ALS Geochemistry is very aware that confidence and security in the chain of custody for your samples as they pass through our system is paramount. To provide complete traceability, your samples are logged into our proprietary world-wide laboratory information management system and given a barcode at log-in. We encourage clients to barcode samples prior to sending them to our laboratories. Our system will accommodate all major barcode formats.
Application
All sample types.
Code
PKP-21
Price ($)
By Quotation
Sample Submission
Please send your samples to any of the addresses on our website or those listed on the back cover page of this document. Preaddressed adhesive labels and sample submission forms are available on our website and can be sent to you on request as well. We can also offer advice on shipping your samples to any of our laboratories by surface carrier, air cargo and air express. Detailed information on requirements and regulations for each jurisdiction are on the website.
Description
Log sample in tracking system and weigh. Samples received with barcode labels attached to sample bag. Samples received without barcode labels attached. Pulps received without barcode labels attached. At least one out of every 50 samples is selected at random for routine pulp QC tests (LOG-QC). For routine pulps, the specification is 85% passing a 75 micron screen. Other specifications may be checked as per client requirements. Workorder/administration fee applied per submittal. All samples. LOG-24 1.20 LOG-21 LOG-22 0.60 1.20
Application
Code
BAT-01 QAR-01
26.45 1.20
Quarantine (heat treatment, storage.) Required for relevant samples AQIS approved heat treatment and storage. imported into Australia.
Sample Archiving
Materials submitted for analysis are retained free of charge at our laboratories for a limited time. Prepared master pulps are stored for 90 days and coarse and fine reject (residue) fractions are stored for 45 days from the time we issue the final Certificate of Analysis. Reasonable monthly charges will apply to samples archived for longer periods in our facilities. ALS Geochemistry sample archive facilities provide a secure and organized environment protected from the elements. ALS Geochemistry also provides climate controlled storage environments where required, including freezer storage for unstable samples. All sample archive locations are included in the laboratory tracking system so that all your samples for all your projects can be located to the rack and shelf location in any of our facilities world-wide at all times.
Description
Monthly archive of coarse rejects after the first 45 days. Monthly archive of pulps >250g after the first 90 days. Monthly archive of master pulps after the first 90 days. Monthly archive of screening reject fractions after the first 45 days. Handling and retrieval of archived samples. Disposal of pulps and coarse fractions. Return of samples to client.
Application
Longer term archiving of coarse rejects. Longer term archiving of large pulps. Longer term storage of pulps. Longer term storage of screening reject fractions. Stored samples. Pulps and coarse fractions. Returned samples.
Code
STO-REJ STO-BLK STO-PUL STO-SCR RET-21 DIS-21 RTN-21
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
sample preparation
In many instances, geologists are forced to operate in new geographies with little logistical support and yet are still expected to collect data that is meaningful and insightful. To support such efforts, many ALS facilities now offer a variety of services to help collect and analyze samples in a highly secure and controlled environment. Together, these services can provide a streamlined and easy way to collect, archive, and retrieve a wealth of information very soon after core is provided to the laboratory.
Code
LOG-COR10 PHO-COR10 SAW-01 STO-COR10
Price ($)
Price on request
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
SAMPLE WEIGHT
sample preparation
6
Accurate results begin with representative samples. Meticulous care is taken in the collection of geological materials to ensure that the laboratory receives truly representative samples. Following sample collection, appropriate laboratory sample preparation protocols must be selected with care to produce the desired homogeneous sub-sample for analysis. ALS Geochemistry approaches sample preparation with the same rigorous quality control procedures and careful attention to detail as any other stage of analysis.
1kg
1kg pulp Lab sample point Pulp split sample point 250g pulp
100g
Fire Assay Charge Weights WASTE AREA
10g
Gross errors in grade estimation are possible if sampling theory is 1g not correctly applied. The subject matter has been studied in great 1mm 10mm 10um 100um detail and some basic guidelines for sampling and preparation of MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE rock and drill core are widely available. A 2-10kg drill core or rock chip sample may be completely crushed to a particle size greater than 1mm, and a split taken for fine grinding. The traditional split size of 250g falls on Gys Sampling Safety Curve (above) and is suitable for many base metal and rare earth deposits where the ore minerals and commodity elements occur homogenously at this sample size. However, for gold and other precious metals, a minimum split size of 1kg is advised as it falls well within the safe zone for sample representivity. This initial pulp split is the most crucial when sampling, and the lab split (fire assay charge weight) has less effect on the quality of the sub-sample.
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
sample preparation
Application
Large drill core and rock samples. Drill core, rock and chip samples.
Code
CRU-21* PREP-31** PREP-31B**
Drill core and rocks containing high-grade or coarse gold and/or silver. Drill core, rock and chip samples up to 3kg.
PREP-33D PREP-22
* Size used varies by region; please contact your local client services for the appropriate method code. **Please request PREP-31Y or PREP-31BY for a rotary split option on these packages.
Application
Soil or sediment samples.
Code
PREP-41
ALS Geochemistry now offers a rapid, high-quality clay size fraction separation on screened soils. The clay fraction in soils acts as a trap for labile elements migrating to the surface environment from depth, and may be used to enhance subtle geochemical signals or investigate stable metal isotopes for cutting-edge exploration techniques.
Description
Separation of the clay size fraction from soils. Requires 50g of -180 micron (80 mesh) sieved soil.
Application
Soil samples.
Code
SCR-CLAY
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
sample preparation
8
Drying
Drying charges are only applied to samples that are excessively wet. Local laboratory managers will determine the applicability of such charges in consultation with the client when the samples are received.
Description
Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens. Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens that are controlled to a maximum temperature of 60C. Air-drying of samples.
Application
Default drying procedure for most rock chip and drill samples. Most soil and sediment samples that are analyzed for volatile elements. Selective Leach procedures and others.
Code
DRY-21 DRY-22 DRY-23
Crushing
Jaw crushers may be used to reduce sample particle size prior to pulverization. Very fine crushing may be desirable when nugget effect and sample representivity is a concern. Other nominal sizes and fineness options are available on request.
Description
Coarse crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -6mm.
Application
Used if the material is too coarse for introduction into the pulverizing mill and as a preliminary step before fine crushing of larger samples. Standard preparation procedure for samples where a representative split will be pulverized. Option for when a finer grind is desired. Option for when a finer grind is desired.
Code
CRU-21 CRU-31 CRU-36 CRU-32
Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -2mm or better. Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples 85% nominal -2mm. Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 90% nominal -2mm.
Splitting
After crushing, some samples may require splitting into representative sub-samples. In many locations automated rotary splitters can be attached to crushers to produce demonstrably superior precision in sub-sample analyses.
Description
Split sample using a riffle splitter. Split sample using a rotary splitter. Split sample using a Boyd crusher/rotary splitter combination. Split a received pulp sample for various uses.
Application
Standard splitting procedure. Premium splitting procedure. Pulp splitting procedure.
Code
SPL-21 SPL-22 SPL-22Y SPL-34
Pulverizing
While larger pulps offer better sub-sample representation and are required for metallic screen assays, 250g pulps are routine for low-grade or non-mineralized rock. All pulverizing procedures make use of flying disk or ring and puck style low-chrome steel grinding mills unless otherwise specified. Please enquire if you are interested in non-metallic pulverization media such as agate, tungsten carbide or zirconia.
Description
Pulverize a split or total sample up to 250g to 85% passing 75 microns. Pulverize a 1,000g split to 85% passing 75 microns. Pulverize a 1,000g split to 95% passing 106 microns. Pulverize entire sample up to 85% passing 75 microns. Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Retain and bag unpulverized reject. Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Dispose of unpulverized reject. Pulverize concentrate sample to 85% passing 75 microns.
Application
Default procedure for samples that are finely crushed and split to 250g or less. Large sample size to mitigate nugget effect. Appropriate for samples up to 3kg. Appropriate for RC drill chip samples not requiring crushing. Cost includes careful cleaning of the pulverizing bowl after grinding.
Code
PUL-31 PUL-32 PUL-35a PUL-21 PUL-23 PUL-24 PUL-51
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
sample preparation
range
0.01 20g/cm3 0.01 20g/cm3 0.01 20g/cm3 -
Code
OA-GRA08 OA-GRA08a OA-GRA08b OA-GRA09 OA-GRA09a OA-GRA09s OA-GRA08wr
Miscellaneous Procedures
These procedures may be used when specialized preparation or sample compositing is required. An hourly labor charge may apply to time-intensive projects.
Description
Compositing of two or more samples. May be done by volume/core length (CMP-21) or by weight (CMP-22). Clean crushers with barren material after every sample.
Application
As requested. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning between samples and barren material between each batch. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning or vacuuming between samples and barren material between each batch. As required for samples received in sample bags unsuitable for oven drying, or requiring tray drying. For samples submitted in damaged bags. As requested. As required. Fraction sizing or custom screening as requested.
Code
CMP-21 CMP-22 WSH-21
WSH-22
3.00
Re-bagging sample in new bags. Double bag coarse rejects. Homogenize stored or composited samples by light pulverizing. Screening of samples to any number of standard size fractions, as specified by the client. Weight of undersize fraction reported for each screen size.
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
PRECIOUS METALS
10
Gold and other precious metals continue to be highly sought after by mining and exploration companies worldwide as a result of their strong prices in recent years. ALS Geochemistry has the analytical tools and years of experience to help you with this potentially valuable search.
Range (ppm)**
0.001-10
Description
Au by fire assay and ICP-AES. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and AAS. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and AAS. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight 1 kg.screen fire assay. Screen to 100 micron. Duplicate assay on screen undersize. Assay of entire oversize fraction. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight
Code
Trace Level
Au-ICP21 Au-ICP22 Au-AA23 Au-AA24 16.10 19.00 15.50 18.45
Au
0.005-10
Ore Grade
Au 0.01-100 Au-AA25 Au-AA26 Au-GRA21 Au-GRA22 ME-GRA21 ME-GRA22 16.10 19.00 20.20 24.35 26.20 30.35
Au
0.05-1,000
Au Ag Au
Au-SCR21* Au-SCR24*
53.65 59.45
* Other screen sizes may be available - please contact your local office for details. ** 1 oz/ton = 34.2857 ppm
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
PRECIOUS METALS
Range (ppm)
0.0001-0.1
Description
Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au by aqua regia extraction with AAS or ICP-MS finish. 25g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight
Code
Trace Level
Au 0.001-1 Au-TL43 Au-TL44 14.55 16.20
Ore Grade
Au 0.01-100 Au-OG43 Au-OG44 13.90 15.50
Range (ppm)
0.0001-0.1
Description
Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish and: ME-MS41L Ultra Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia Package ME-MS41 Super Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia Package
Code
ST43L-PKG ST43-PKG
*ME-MS41 may be packaged with other super trace and trace level gold by aqua regia methods. Please enquire for pricing.
If only a few elements are required, or ultra-low detection limits are not needed, other alternatives for adding trace element data to aqua regia gold digestions exist.
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Ag As Ba Bi Ca Ag As Bi Cd 0.2-40 1-10,000 10-10,000 2-10,000 0.01%-15% 0.01-25 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.01-250 Cd Co Cu Fe Mg Co Hg Mo Sb 1-5,000 1-10,000 1-10,000 0.01%-20% 0.01%-15% 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.05-250 0.05-250 Mn Mo Ni P Pb Se Sn Te Tl 5-10,000 1-5,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 1-4,000 0.2-250 0.1-250 0.01-250 0.02-250 U W 0.05-100 0.05-250 ME-MS43 (25g) ME-MS44 (50g) 22.60 complete package or 9.55 plus 1.20/element ME-ICP44 (50g) Sb Zn 2-10,000 1-10,000 ME-ICP43 (25g) 11.90 complete package or 7.20 plus 0.65/element
Code
Cyanide Leach
Bulk Leach Extractable Gold (BLEG) or cyanide leach procedures are used in grassroots exploration where cyanide extraction from a very large sample (500g to 3kg) can sometimes detect small gold anomalies that otherwise would go unnoticed. Cyanide leaching of samples greater than 1kg by quotation.
Analyte
Au Au Au Au
Range (ppm)**
0.0001-10 0.001-10 0.01-200 0.01-300
Description
BLEG ICP-MS finish BLEG extraction AA finish BLEG ICP-MS finish BLEG extraction AA finish Au by cyanide leach and AAS finish. Au by accelerated cyanide leach using LeachWELL reagent or AssayTabs with AAS finish.
Code
Au-CN12* Au-AA12* Au-CN11* Au-AA11* Au-AA14 Au-AA15
*Silver and copper may also be reported by these methods for an additional fee.
11
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Silver
Trace level and low-grade silver samples may be analyzed by acid digestion for maximum sensitivity and precision. Because silver can suffer from the nugget effect similar to gold, occasional duplicate analysis of Ag acid digestion methods may help avoid sampling error at these low levels. For ore grade samples, fire assay is an option to increase sample size.
Analyte Range (ppm)
0.2-100 0.5-100
PRECIOUS METALS
12
Description
Ag by aqua regia digestion and AAS. Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion, HCl leach and AAS.
Code
Ag-AA45 Ag-AA61
Trace Level
Ag Ag
Note: See also multi-element methods that include Ag under Exploration Geochemistry (pages pages 15-18).
Ore Grade
Ag Ag Ag 1-1,500 1-1,500 5-10,000 Ag by aqua regia digestion, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion with HCl leach, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Ag-OG46 (Ag-AA46) Ag-OG62 (Ag-AA62) Ag-GRA21 Ag-GRA22 ME-GRA21 ME-GRA22 10.70 13.10 21.40 25.55 26.20 30.35
Au Ag
0.05-1,000 5-10,000
Description
Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-MS finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight Rh by fire assay, gold collection and ICP-MS 30g nominal sample weight Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru and Au by fire assay with nickel sulfide collection and neutron activation analysis. 30g nominal sample weight Note: Au is not quantitative by this method. Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES (or ICP-MS) finish. 30g nominal sample weight
Code
Trace Level
Pt Pd Au Pt Pd Au Rh Pt Pd Ir Os Rh Ru Au PGM-ICP23 PGM-ICP24 PGM-MS23 PGM-MS24 Rh-MS25 18.90 22.05 19.30 22.25 21.10
PGM-NAA26
148.85
Ore Grade
Pt Pd Au PGM-ICP27 22.05
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
PRECIOUS METALS
Range (ppm)
0.07-999,985 0.07-995,000 0.07-1,000,000
Description
Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g sample weight required. Pt, Pd and Rh by fire assay and AAS finish. 30g sample weight required.
Code
Au-CON01 Ag-CON01 Pt-CON01 Pd-CON01 Rh-CON01 Au-GRA24 Ag-GRA24 Au-UMP20 Ag-UMP20 Pt-UMP20 Pd-UMP20 Rh-UMP20
Concentrates
82.50 each 86.40 71.45 86.40
Bullion
Au Ag Au, Ag Pt, Pd, Rh 0.01-1,000 fineness 0.01-1,000 fineness 0.07-1,000,000 0.7-1,000,000 0.07-1,000,000 Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. 126.00 each 198.00 each 178.60 each
Gold in solution in cyanide liquor or captured on activated carbon may be determined for metallurgical purposes.
Analyte
Au Au
Range (ppm)
0.001 - 2500 mg/L 1-10,000
Description
Au in cyanide liquor by extraction with AA finish. Au on carbon by ashing, aqua regia digestion and AAS. Duplicate analysis.
Code
Au-AA16 Au-AA44
Note: A range of elements can be determined on the ashed carbon by ICP-AES/ICP-MS. Please enquire for full details.
In mining and exploration applications, cyanide leach tests are used to establish the potential cyanide extraction efficiency for gold, silver and copper. Various temperature and cyanide concentration configurations are available; please contact client services for more information. Specific to gold, the preg-rob leach test can identify the tendency of certain ores to re-adsorb gold from the cyanide solution, causing lower recoveries than anticipated. Graphite and certain sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite can cause preg-robbing behavior.
Analyte
Au, Ag, Cu
Range (ppm)
Au 0.03-50 Ag 0.03-350 Cu 0.1-2000 0.03-500
Description
Au, Ag, Cu by cyanide leach with AAS finish. 30g nominal sample weight. Au Preg Rob Leach with Gold Spike Au Preg Rob Leach without Gold Spike
Code
Au-AA13 Ag-AA13 Cu-AA13 Au-AA31 Au-AA31a
Au
13
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
exploration GEOCHEMISTRY
14
Exploration geochemistry utilizes trends and patterns in trace element distribution as indicators of concealed mineralization deep below the surface or at a great distance from the current location. Increasingly, todays explorers require lower detection limits and a wider range of elements to identify prospective targets.
Method selection can be key to achieving exploration success. Sample type, along with target commodity and pathfinder elements should all be considered in selection of the most appropriate method. Stream sediments and soils typically require methods with the lowest possible detection limits for pathfinder elements. ICP-MS methods are also being used on rock and drill core samples where the subtle patterns in ultra-trace elements require the best possible detection limits for delineation. ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of multi-element and single-element methods that can satisfy the requirements of todays exploration geochemists, both technically and economically. The amount of a particular element taken into solution by a digestion method will depend both on the sample matrix and the strength of the dissolution procedure. Aqua regia dissolves sulfides and mobile elements associated with Fe, Mn oxides. The four acid digestion is considered near total, but does not dissolve resistant silicate and oxide phases (e.g., zircon, chromite). Fusion methods (i.e., lithium borate, sodium peroxide) are designed to ensure 100% of the sample is digested but require different chemistries for various sample types. The table below lists some common ore deposit types, and their relative solubility with respect to these digestion methods. The information is by no means exhaustive and is provided only as a basic guideline.
Deposit Type
Carlin-type Gold An aqua regia digestion will effectively bring the sulfide, carbonate and oxide minerals associated with Carlin-type gold deposits into solution. Porphyry Copper-Gold-Molybdenum Aqua regia readily dissolves copper and iron sulfide containing gold in porphyry deposits; however, for exploration geochemistry, molybdenum may require a four acid digestion for accurate results. Re-Os isotopes determined on molybdenite may differentiate distinct episodes of mineralization.
As, Au, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Re, Sb, Te, Zn, Re-Os isotopes
Epithermal Gold and Silver-Copper Au, Ag, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, Bi, Sn, Te, W, B, Hg Some pathfinder elements for epithermal deposits are resistive, necessitating a four acid digestion to ensure anomalies in Mo and W are detected. The analytical program can be augmented with aqua regia digestion for mercury and boron, also common pathfinders for epithermal gold. Polymetallic Silver-Gold-Lead-Zinc Complex ore mineralogy in these deposits needs a four acid digestion to ensure all important elements are analyzed during exploration. Alteration aureoles around veins may include mercury, requiring an aqua regia digestion to avoid volatilization. Ag, Au, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ba, As, Hg
Nickel-Copper-PGE Sulfide Ni, Cu, PGEs, Co, Cr, Zn, Si, Ti, S isotopes Ratios of certain elements, typically resistive, can indicate the presence of these deposits. A four acid digestion is required for exploration and sodium peroxide fusion can be used to identify magmatic and non-magmatic sources. Pegmatites with Rare Earth Elements and Uncommon Metals The commodities in pegmatite deposits occur in highly resistive, complex silicates and oxides requiring a total fusion for accurate analysis. REEs, U, Th, Be, Nb, Ta
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
exploration GEOCHEMISTRY
Code
Aqua Regia Digestion with Ultra Low Detection Limits for Soils and Stream Sediments
The aqua regia digestion using a combination of ICP-AES and ICP-MS, with sophisticated software and careful analysis, provides an extremely low detection limit, multi-element package useful for exploration in areas requiring ultra-trace analytical sensitivity, such as soil or sediment surveys. This method is also available for clay separates (described in Sample Preparation). Minimum sample size is 1g. Super Trace 51 Elements by Aqua Regia, ICP-MS and ICP-AES
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs 0.001-100 0.01%-25% 0.01-10,000 0.0002-25 10-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1000 0.001-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.001-1000 0.003-500 0.001-10,000 0.01-10,000 0.005-500 Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na 0.01-10,000 0.001%-50% 0.004-10,000 0.005-500 0.002-500 0.004-10,000 0.005-500 0.01%-10% 0.002-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.01%-25% 0.1-50,000 0.01-10,000 0.001%-10% Nb Ni P Pb Pd Pt Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr 0.002-500 0.04-10,000 0.001%-1% 0.005-10,000 0.001-25 0.002-25 0.005-10,000 0.001-50 0.01%-10% 0.005-10,000 0.005-10,000 0.1-1000 0.01-500 0.01-10,000 Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.005-500 0.01-500 0.002-10,000 0.001%-10% 0.002-10,000 0.005-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.001-10,000 0.003-500 0.1-10,000 0.01-500 ME-MS41L 25.75
Code
Code
15
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
exploration GEOCHEMISTRY
16
Code
Note: To include Hg by a separate procedure in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61m instead of ME-MS61.
A full suite of rare earth elements can be added to this package, keeping in mind that this data will represent the acid leachable portion of the rare earth elements only. To include rare earth elements in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61r instead of ME-MS61. Rare Earth Add-on to ME-MS61
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Dy Er Eu 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Gd Ho Lu 0.05-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.01-1,000 Nd Pr Sm 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Tb Tm Yb 0.01-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.03-1,000 ME-MS61r 3.55 (add on price)
Code
CODE
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
exploration GEOCHEMISTRY
Code
Note: To include Hg to a lower detection limit of 0.01ppm in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP41m instead of ME-ICP41.
CODE
(+)-AA45
Code
Note: To include Hg in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP61m instead of ME-ICP61.
CODE
(+)-AA61
17
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Code
Code
Code
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
individual methods
RANGE (%)
0.01%-50% 0.01%-100% 0.2%-50% 0.02%-100% 0.02 - 100% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-50% 0.01%-40% 0.01%-50%
DESCRIPTION
Total carbon by combustion furnace. Dilute acid digestion followed by combustion furnace. Inorganic carbon by coulometer. Inorganic carbon by difference. Dilute acid digestion, roasting followed by combustion furnace. Total carbon and total sulfur by combustion furnace. Total sulfur by combustion furnace. Sulfate sulfur by carbonate leach and gravimetric analysis. Sulfide sulfur by sodium carbonate dissolution of sulfates,combustion furnace and infrared spectroscopy.
Code
C-IR07 C-IR06 C-GAS05 C-CAL15 C-IR18 ME-IR08 S-IR08 S-GRA06 S-IR07
Halides
Analyte
Br** Cl Cl Cl F F F I**
RANGE (ppm)
0.5-10,000 90-10,000 50-20,000 0.01%-80% 20-20,000 0.01%-100% 20-20,000 0.5-10,000
DESCRIPTION
Neutron activation. Neutron activation. Fusion Ion Chromatography. Acid digestion, titrimetric finish. Fusion - S.I.E. Fusion - S.I.E. Fusion Ion Chromatography. Neutron activation.
Code
Br-NAA05 Cl-NAA06 Cl-IC881*** Cl-VOL66 F-ELE81a F-ELE82 F-IC881*** I-NAA07
** A surcharge may apply for batches of less than 20 samples. *** When F and Cl are determined together by Ion Chromatography the price per sample is $25.00.
Other
Analyte
FeO Hg Hg pH Conductivity H2O- (Moisture) H2O+ (Water of Crystallization) LOI Acid Insoluble
RANGE (ppm)
0.01%-100% 0.01-100 0.1-100,000 0.1 - 14 unity 1-100,000 S/cm 0.01%-100% 0.01%-100% 0.01%-100% 0.01% - 100%
DESCRIPTION
Ferrous iron by H2SO4-HF acid digestion and titrimetric finish. Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Soil pH (1:1 ratio). 5g minimum. Conductivity of soil extract. 5g minimum. Gravimetric procedure after drying at 105C. Combustion furnace followed by infrared spectroscopy. LOI at 1000C. Acid insoluble content.
Code
Fe-VOL05 Hg-CV41 Hg-CV42 OA-ELE05 OA-ELE04 OA-GRA10 OA-IR06 OA-GRA05 OA-GRA04
19
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
selective leaches
20
This type of analysis is best suited for targeting mineralization beneath deep overburden. Subtle anomalies can be detected using conventional analytical methods; however, more selective digestions can significantly enhance trace element signatures otherwise masked by overburden.
Ionic Leach
Ionic Leach is a static sodium cyanide leach using chelating agents with a pH buffer leachant. This innovative leach technique is designed for near surface soil samples to improve geochemical mapping and enhance the potential to detect and resolve geochemical anomalies for a range of commodity elements. The procedure selectively dissolves metal ions that have been leached from the primary source, migrated and then redeposited in the near surface environment. Ionic Leach offers a package of 57 elements under method code ME-MS23, which combines the best in selective leach technology with the highly sensitive ICP-MS to achieve ppt detection limits for critical elements. Ionic Leach is suitable for gold, silver, PGM, uranium and base metal exploration and is particularly useful for resolution of subtle anomalies over blind mineralization. Selective, pH Controlled Leach with ICP-MS Analysis and Final pH Measurement
ANALYTES & DETECTION LIMITS (ppb)
Ag As Au Ba Be Bi Br Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Dy Er 0.1 2 0.02 10 0.2 3 0.05 ppm 0.2 ppm 1 0.1 0.3 1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 Eu Fe Ga Gd Ge Hf Hg Ho I In La Li Lu Mg Mn Mo 0.1 0.1 ppm 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.01 ppm 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.01 ppm 0.01 ppm 0.5 Nb Nd Ni Pb Pd Pr Pt Rb Re Sb Sc Se Sm Sn Sr Ta 0.1 0.1 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1 2 0.1 0.2 1 1 206Pb 207Pb 208Pb 1 1 1 Tb Te Th Ti Tl Tm U W Y Yb Zn Zr 0.1 1 0.02 5 0.5 0.1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 10 0.1 ME-MS22 21.35 plus 0.80/element, 2.30 pH after leach ME-MS23 37.65 complete package
CODE
CODE
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
selective leaches
CODE
21
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Hydrogeochemistry
22
Sample media such as waters and vegetation have been shown to provide valuable information for exploration programs. Trace elements in these sample types are often at extremely low levels. Effective analytical procedures require the utmost care in sample preparation and analysis to ensure suitable quality data.
Hydrogeochemistry
Ground and surface waters are important media for the geochemical exploration of many different styles of mineralization. Water-transported (hydromorphic) metals can develop anomalous concentrations; trace metal analysis in water can reveal hidden mineralization directly (i.e., in the dissolved phase) and by adsorption/precipitation reactions with suspended and bed-load stream sediments (i.e., the labile fraction). Geochemical analysis of natural waters is available using High Resolution-ICP-MS to achieve ppt ranges for most trace elements. ALS offers a highly attractive analytical package, which includes everything required to carry out a hydrogeochemical survey, and includes the following: Acid-washed and labeled sample bottle pairs (500mL natural sample, 250mL field acidified sample) High purity nitric acid ampules to acidify the metals aliquot Disposable 45 um filters with syringes for field filtration Coolers and ice packs for sample storage and transport Deionized water jugs for field cleaning and field blanks Trace element analysis by HR-ICP-MS Major cations by ICP-AES Anions (F, Cl, Br, SO4, NO3 and NO2) by ion chromatography pH, Alkalinity by titration Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids Hg by cold vapor AFS
CODE
Conductivity 2 uS/cm
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Biogeochemistry
Plants may be viewed as geochemical sampling devices, with root systems that can selectively adsorb elements from a large 3D section of soil, groundwater and even bedrock. Typically, the relationship between the chemistry of a plant and that of the soil the plant grows in isnt one-to-one due to biological effects. The differences in element distribution and uptake in plants provide complementary information to soil surveys and may concentrate elements of interest where they are not present in soils. ALS Geochemistry can help you find resources on designing vegetation surveys and special preparation for various vegetation tissue types. Please contact client services for more information. Results are reported on vegetation samples following a nitric/hydrochloric acid digestion on 1g of sample. Due to permit requirements, vegetation samples are not available for return to the client. 39 Elements in Vegetation by Nitric/Hydrochloric, ICP-AES and ICP-MS
ANALYTES & DETECTION LIMITS (ppm)
Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cs 0.002 0.01% 0.1 0.0002 10 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.01% 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.5 0.05 Cu Fe Ga Ge Hf Hg In K La Li Mg Mn Mo Na 0.01 0.001% 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.01% 0.01 0.1 0.001% 1 0.01 0.001% Nb Ni P Pb Pd Pt Rb Re S Sb Sc Se Sn Sr 0.05 0.1 0.001% 0.01 0.002 0.001 0.1 0.001 0.01% 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Ta Te Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.001% 0.02 0.01 1 0.05 0.005 0.1 0.1 ME-VEG41 23.35 Sold only as a complete package.
Biogeochemistry
CODE
23
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
lithogeochemistry
24
Analyses related to lithogeochemistry, alteration minerals and trace element mobility are important tools to understanding geological environments. ALS offers several comprehensive analytical packages that are designed to provide comprehensive information for these studies; essentially complete rock characterization.
CODE
ME-XRF06
29.75 ME-ICP06
A lithium borate fusion of the sample prior to acid dissolution and ICP-MS analysis provides the most quantitative analysis approach for a broad suite of elements. This technique solubilizes most mineral species, including those that are highly refractory. Options for adding the whole rock elements from an ICP-AES analysis of the fusion or base metals from a separate four acid digestion are available. 31 Elements by Lithium Metaborate Fusion, ICP-MS
ANALYTES AND RANGES (ppm)
Ba Ce Cr Cs Dy Er Eu Ga Gd 0.5-10,000 0.5-10,000 10-10,000 0.01-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.1-1,000 0.05-1,000 Hf Ho La Lu Nb Nd Pr Rb Sm 0.2-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1,000 0.2-2,500 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.2-10,000 0.03-1,000 Sn Sr Ta Tb Th Tl Tm U V 1-10,000 0.1-10,000 0.1-2,500 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 0.5-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.05-1,000 5-10,000 ME-MS81d 1-10,000 2-10,000 ME-4ACD81 7.15 41.25 W Y Yb Zr 1-10,000 0.5-10,000 0.03-1,000 2-10,000 ME-MS81 29.50
CODE
Combination of Rare Earth & Trace Elements from method ME-MS81 plus whole rock package by method ME-ICP06. Ag As Cd 0.5-100 5-10,000 0.5-1,000 Co Cu Li 1-10,000 1-10,000 10-10,000 Mo Ni Pb 1-10,000 1-10,000 2-10,000 Sc Zn
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
lithogeochemistry
CODE
UBC
Newly developed method offered in partnership with the Mineral Deposit Research Unit (MDRU) at the University of British Columbia. CO2 isotopic composition is determined specifically on carbonate minerals using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Determination of ratios d13C and d18O. Not available for high sulfide samples. Determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes on clay and silicate minerals using a complex gas collection procedure and determination by IRMS. Mineral provenance may be differentiated by the measurement of d34S by TC/EA and IRMS.
LS-ISTP01
35.00
Hydrogen/Oxygen
OH-ISTP01 S-ISTP01
600.00 200.00
Sulfur
Sm/Nd U/Pb
Nd-ISTP01
750.00
U-ISTP01
375.00
Pb/Pb
Pb-ISTP01
190.00
25
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of assay methods. Procedures for the evaluation of ores and high grade materials are optimized for accuracy, precision and recovery of the target element. Methods for Ores & High Grade Materials
Ores and high grade materials contain a wide range of matrices and varying target elements. No single dissolution or analytical method is suitable for all cases. ALS Geochemistry provides a range of procedures so the preferred method can be selected. Choices include aqua regia and four acid digestions with either ICP-AES or AAS finish. XRF determination is available for Sn, W and other resistive elements and minerals that are difficult to decompose or retain in stable solutions at high concentrations. These methods may be selected individually or may be triggered automatically as over-range analyses added to multi-element geochemistry packages on request. Many other procedures are available. Please contact ALS Geochemistry staff for information.
Acid Digestions
Aqua regia is a powerful solvent for sulfides, which dissolves Ag and base metals but may not completely dissolve more resistive elements. Minimum sample weight 0.5g. Aqua Regia Digestion with ICP-AES or AAS Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Ag As Cd Ag As 1-1,500ppm 0.01-60 0.001-10 1-1,500ppm 0.01-30 Co Cu Fe Bi Cu 0.001-20 0.001-40 0.01-100 0.001-30 0.001-50 Mn Mo Ni Fe Mo 0.01-50 0.001-10 0.001-10 0.01-100 0.001-10 Pb S Zn Pb Zn 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.001-30 0.001-30 0.001-60 (+)-AA46 5.95 plus 4.75/element (+)-OG46 8.35 plus 2.35/element
CODE
Four Acid Digestion, using HF, almost completely breaks down silicates which are volatilized as SiF4. The digestion will decompose all but the most resistive minerals. Minimum sample weight 0.5g. Four Acid Digestion with ICP-AES or AAS Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Ag As Bi Cd Ag Co 1-1,500ppm 0.001-30 0.001-30 0.001-10 1-1,500ppm 0.001-30 Co Cr Cu Fe Cu Fe 0.001-20 0.002-30 0.001-40 0.01-100 0.001-50 0.01-100 Mg Mn Mo Ni Mo Ni 0.01-50 0.01-50 0.001-10 0.001-30 0.001-10 0.001-50 Pb Zn 0.001-30 0.001-30 (+)-AA62 8.35 plus 4.75/element Pb S Zn 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.001-30 (+)-OG62 10.75 plus 2.35/element
CODE
CODE
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Acid Digestion
This procedure is equivalent to the ICPORE method previously offered by OMAC Laboratories. The sample is subjected to a highly oxidizing attack with HNO3, KClO4 and HBr and the final solution in dilute aqua regia is determined by ICP-AES. Oxidizing Digestion with ICP-AES Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Ag As Bi Ca Cd 5-1000ppm 0.005-10 0.005-1 0.01-40 0.001-5 Co Cu Fe Hg Mg 0.001-5 0.005-30 0.01-50 0.002-1 0.01-25 Mn Mo Ni P Pb 0.005-20 0.001-5 0.001-5 0.01-10 0.01-30 S Sb Tl Zn 0.05-50 0.005-5 0.005-1 0.01-60 ME-ICPORE 24.10 complete package, 5 elements 21.75
CODE
Fusions
Sodium peroxide fusions are effective for the decomposition of sulfides, arsenides and many refractory minerals such as chromite, rutile, ilmenite and titanite. It is the method of choice for nickel sulfide deposits. Sodium Peroxide Fusion with ICP-AES Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Al As Ca Co 0.01-50 0.01-10 0.05-50 0.002-30 Cr Cu Fe K 0.01-30 0.005-30 0.05-70 0.1-30 Mg Mn Ni Pb 0.01-30 0.01-50 0.005-30 0.01-30 S Si Ti Zn 0.01-60 0.1-50 0.01-30 0.01-30 (+)-ICP81 36.75 complete package or 11.90 plus 2.35/element
CODE
High sulfide samples can be analyzed by XRF following a lithium borate fusion with the addition of a strong oxidizing agent. The following method is suitable for a wide range of elements in sulfide ores. Oxidizing Fusion with XRF Finish
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Al2O3 As Ba Bi CaO CeO2 Co Cr Cu Fe HfO2 0.01-100 0.01-10 0.01-50 0.008-5 0.01-40 0.01-50 0.01-7 0.01-10 0.001-20 0.01-75 0.01-10 K 2O La2O3 MgO Mn Mo Nb Ni P Pb Rb S 0.01-6.3 0.01-50 0.01-40 0.01-30 0.01-2 0.001-14 0.001-20 0.01-10 0.005-16 0.005-5 0.01-20 Sb SiO2 Sn Sr TiO2 V W Y 2O3 Zn Zr 0.005-20 0.01-100 0.005-20 0.005-5 0.01-30 0.01-5.6 0.001-79 0.005-10.5 0.001-20 0.01-20 ME-XRF15b 31.50 plus 3.30/element
CODE
27
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
copper
28
Evaluation of copper prospects may involve the need to know more about copper mineralogy and mineral solubility for metallurgical considerations. The separation of oxide/carbonate, secondary chalcocite and primary sulfide minerals compared to the total copper is useful in determining leachability of copper in a deposit. This information can be obtained by sequential leaching of the sample and may be augmented by direct mineralogical determination.
Copper Procedures
Mineral Selective Methods and Sequential Leaches
Copper oxide minerals such as malachite, azurite, chrysocolla and portions of cuprite and tenorite can be leached using sulfuric acid, to identify the acid soluble copper. Cyanide leach will dissolve the secondary chalcocite, bornite and a portion of the chalcopyrite content of the sample, while the majority of the sulfide minerals will remain in the residue analyzed at the end of a sequential leach. The minerals dissolved in each leach may vary depending on the sample matrix and specific mineralogy. ALS Geochemistry provides custom methods using different leach conditions upon request. Mineral Selective Copper Methods
ANALYTE
Cu Oxides Nonsulfide Cu Cu Oxides Quick Leach Cu Cu Cyanide Leach Sequential Cu Leach Package
RANGE (ppm)
0.01-10% 0.001-10% 0.001-100% 0.01-100% 0.1-2000 Various
DESCRIPTION
Citric acid leach with AAS finish, 0.25g sample weight. Dilute sulfuric acid leach and AAS finish, 1g sample weight. Sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite leach, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Quick leach using H2SO4 and ferric sulfate, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Cyanide leach and AAS finish. 30g nominal sample weight. Cu results are reported for sulfuric acid soluble, cyanide soluble, and total Cu on final residue.
CODE
Cu-AA04 Cu-AA05 Cu-AA07n Cu-AA08q Cu-AA13 Cu-PKG06LI
RANGE (ppm)
1-10,000 2-10,000 0.001-40% 0.001-50% 0.001-40% 0.001-50% 0.01-100%
DESCRIPTION
Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. HNO3-HCl-HF-H2SO4 acid digestion followed by titration. Cu-CON02 done in duplicate.
CODE
Cu-ICP41 Cu-AA45 Cu-ICP61 Cu-AA61 Cu-OG46 Cu-AA46 Cu-OG62 Cu-AA62 Cu-VOL61 Cu-CON02
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Many rare earth elements and rare metals occur in oxide and silicate minerals particularly resistant to acid digestion, so fusion is usually the preferred method of decomposition. ALS Geochemistry offers ICP-MS and XRF determinations of these special commodities. Rare Earth Elements and Rare Metals
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earths by ICP-MS
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Ce Dy Er Eu 0.5-10,000 0.05-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 Gd Ho La Lu 0.05-1,000 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.01-1,000 Nd Pr Sm Tb 0.1-10,000 0.03-1,000 0.03-1,000 0.01-1,000 Tm Y Yb 0.01-1,000 0.5-10,000 0.03-1,000 ME-MS81 29.50
CODE
For high-grade and mineralized rare earth samples, high sample to volume ratios are utilized to improve precision. Certified high grade rare earth reference materials are used as part of the standard protocol. Mineralized Rare Earths by ICP-MS
Analytes & Ranges (ppm)
Ce* Dy* Er Eu Gd* Hf 3-50,000 0.3-5,000 0.2-5,000 0.2-5,000 0.3-5000 1-50,000 Ho La* Lu Nb Nd* Pr* 0.05-5,000 3-50,000 0.05-5,000 1-5,000 0.5-50,000 0.2-5,000 Rb Sm* Sn Ta Tb* Th 1-50,000 0.2-5,000 5-50,000 0.5-5,000 0.05-5,000 0.3-5,000 Tm U W Y Yb Zr 0.05-5,000 0.3-5,000 5-50,000 3-50,000 0.2-5,000 10-50,000 ME-MS81h 47.25
CODE
* These elements may be determined up to 30% by ME-OGREE. Please enquire for details.
CODE
* Other elements are available with this method at an additional $3.30 per element. Please enquire for more details.
RANGE (ppm)
0.01%-100% 0.005%-10% 10-3000 10-10,000 20-10,000
DESCRIPTION
Sodium peroxide fusion and ICP finish. Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish Lithium brine analysis using ICP-OES. Other elements reported from this method. HNO3 and HF digest with ICP finish. NaOH fusion and ICP finish.
CODE
Be-ICP81 Li-OG63 ME-ICP15 B-ICP69 B-ICP82
Tin, tungsten, niobium and tantalum tend to occur in extremely resistive pegmatites that require fusion for complete dissolution. XRF for Resistive Elements
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Nb 0.01-10 Sn 0.01-60 Ta 0.01-50 W 0.01-50
CODE
ME-XRF10
29
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
iron ore
30
The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre is the first of its kind globally, which in addition to the provision of geochemical, metallurgical and mineralogical services, provides ancillary specialty testing services to the global Iron Ore sector. The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre provides seamless integration of exploration geochemistry, metallurgy and mineralogical test work with industry leading technical innovation.
HyLogging
ALS was the first commercial laboratory to install HyLogging spectral analysis technology for rapid, robotic scanning of iron ore drill core, chips and powder. This technology is used for a range of applications from logging and archiving core, mineral exploration, and mine planning, to geometallurgy and mineral processing. The instrument generates digital images and surface spectra. Associated software interprets the spectrometer data to produce mineralogical information. Macro images of core sections and drill hole mosaics are produced to allow geologists to identify changes in color and structure over the full depth of the drill hole. Derived data is readily exported into three-dimensional (3D) visualization and mine planning packages to allow geologists to combine multiple drill-hole results and accurately characterize and map mineral systems relevant to geometallurgical and geotechnical requirements. The HyLogging instrument can log on average 150m of core per day scanning for iron oxide/hydroxide group minerals; aluminium/ silicates/magnesium hydroxide group minerals; sulfates; carbonates and more. Chip samples can be measured in their original trays and are scanned in groups of sixty samples, allowing approximately 20003000 samples to be logged per day.
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
iron ore
DESCRIPTION
CODE
Loss on Ignition LOI (0.01%) at 371C, 425C, 550C, 650C and 1000C Moisture at 110C
Code
DTR-PREP DTR-REC WT-DTR DTR-FeRec ME-XRF21h ME-XRF21c ME-XRF21t Fe-VOL05 MAG-SUS
Grind Curve Confirmation tests are also available including laser sizing, cyclo-sizing and wet screening.
31
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Bauxite is the most common ore from which alumina is commercially extracted. Gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore are the predominant aluminum rich minerals which co-exist with goethite, hematite and kaolinite in bauxite ore. Nickel laterites form similarly to bauxites and share similar analytical procedures.
DESCRIPTION
CODE
DESCRIPTION
TOC by Combustion Furnace. Microwave digestion, chemical separation/ICP-AES analysis.*
CODE
C-IR17 Si-LICP01 Al-LICP01
*Digestion temperature, caustic strength and sample weight/caustic strength ratio to be specified by client.
Nickel Laterite
The industry preferred technique for resource definition of nickel laterite ore deposits is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The comprehensive analysis of laterite ores for major and minor elements is critical in evaluating project economics and for metallurgical process control. Loss On Ignition (LOI) determination using a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) is also an important component of the total analysis. Fusion and XRF finish for Nickel Laterite Ores
Analytes & Ranges (%)
Al2O3 CaO Co Cr2O3 Cu 0.01-100 0.01-40 0.001-7 0.005-10 0.001-1.6 Fe2O3 K 2O MgO MnO Na2O 0.01-100 0.01-6.3 0.01-50 0.005-30 0.01-5.3 Ni P 2O 5 Pb SiO2 TiO2 0.005-7.8 0.005-23 0.005-1.8 0.05-100 0.01-30 Furnace Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Fused disc XRF. Zn 0.001-1.6
DESCRIPTION
CODE
ME-XRF12n (normalized) ME-XRF12u (un-normalized) OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
DESCRIPTION
CODE
ME-XRF24 ME-XRF06m OA-GRA05x OA-GRA05t
Uranium
ALS Geochemistry has standardized screening and handling protocols throughout its network of laboratories to ensure that any NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) samples received can be rapidly identified and are handled in a manner meeting all appropriate regulations with respect to transportation, workplace safety and environmental regulations. Uranium Specific Procedures
Analyte
U U U
RANGE (ppm)
4-10,000 0.01%-15% 0.2-10,000
DESCRIPTION
U by pressed pellet, XRF. U by lithium borate fusion, XRF. U by neutron activation.
Code
U-XRF05 U-XRF10 U-NAA05 ME-MS41u ME-MS61u
51 elements including U (0.05 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS41 on page 15. 48 elements including U (0.1 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS61 on page 16.
Industrial Minerals
Industrial minerals analysis commonly deals with unusual matrices and highly refractory components. As a result, aggressive digestions are selected to ensure complete homogeneity of the analytical sub-sample leaving no residual sample. Industrial Minerals Procedures
Ore/Product
Cementitious Materials Limestone, Dolomite, Magnesite, Magnesia Rutile Product
Analytes
CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Mn2O3, Na2O, K 2O, SO3, MgO, TiO2, Cr2O3, P2O5, SrO, LOI CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, LOI TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request) TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V 2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)
DESCRIPTION
Fusion, ICP-AES Fusion, ICP-AES Fusion, ICP-AES
CODE
ME-ICP91 ME-ICP86 ME-ICP82
Zircon Product
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP83
Ilmenite Product
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP84
Fusion, ICP-AES
ME-ICP94
33
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
concentrates
34
Analysis of mine concentrate and metallurgical samples is critical for the purchase and sale of commodities as well as the optimization of the recovery process. With so much riding on a correct result, control assays require meticulous work by highly trained technicians. The results must be of the highest caliber for reliability, accuracy and precision.
Range (ppm)*
0.07-999,985 0.7-995,000 0.07-1,000,000 0.01-1,000 fineness
Description
Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead. Pt and Pd by fire assay and AAS finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead. Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish.
Code
Au-CON01 Ag-CON01 Pt-CON01 Pd-CON01 Au-GRA24 Ag-GRA24
*At your request, precious metals reporting units can be specified as ppb, ppm, g/t or oz/t
Range (%)
0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100 0.01-100
Description
Cu Concentrate - Volumetric. Zn by Titration. Pb by Titration. Total Fe in Concentrates. FeO (Ferrous Iron).
Code
Cu-VOL61 Zn-VOL50 Pb-VOL70 Fe-VOL51 Fe-VOL05
Code
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
The storage of overburden, waste rock and mine water materials at mine sites must be carefully planned to minimize the environmental impact of mining operations. Samples may be tested to predict their acid producing or neutralizing potential, thus allowing responsible mine planning.
Sobek Method Package Code ABA-PKG01 (m/s) ABA-PKG02 (m/s) ABA-PKG03 ABA-PKG04
121.10 177.60 177.60
ABA-PKG05**
149.35 205.90 205.90
* Sulfide is determined by calculation by default. If you would prefer sulfide determined by an analytical procedure then add A to the package code for an additional cost of $20.00. ** For MEND NP method, request ABA-PKG05B.
Net Acid Generation (NAG) provides a quantitative estimation of the amount of acid that can be generated by mine waste rock or tailings where the NNP does not, provided the rock is acid-generating and not acid-neutralizing. In order to analyze for metals in the leachate in addition to the NAG test, a full second leach must be performed and the procedure will be charged twice. Net Acid Generation Method
description
Net Acid Generation (NAG) - Hydrogen peroxide is used to facilitate the rapid oxidation of sulfide. NAG is reported in kg H2SO4/tonne at pH 4.5 and pH 7.0.
Code
OA-VOL11
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sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
Remote projects require a high degree of support and logistical consideration. Where project location creates a logistic barrier to shipping large samples to the laboratory, or where the sample volume is such that it is more economical to process or pre-process samples on-site, ALS Geochemistry offers a carefully designed MOBILE SAMPLE PREPARATION LABORATORY solution for setting up on-site facilities. In some situations, on-site analytical capability is required.
Contact
Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your custom mobile sample preparation laboratory project. E: minesitelab@alsglobal.com
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
ALS Mine Site delivers the full range of ALS Minerals division testing capabilities with signature ALS Quality, Service and Deliverables at mine sites globally - irrespective of remoteness. Partnering with ALS Mine Site provides peace of mind that design, establishment, commissioning and daily laboratory management will be completed to the same high standard that characterizes all ALS Minerals facilities.
Contact
Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your mine site laboratory project. E: minesitelab@alsglobal.com
37
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
mineralogy
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ALS Minerals provides quantitative mineralogical analysis for the exploration, mining, metallurgical and environmental sectors. Our recent acquisitions consolidate our market leading position in providing world class mineralogical services. Know more about your ore with our integrated mineralogical and metallurgical services to maximize productivity and efficiency of exploration, mineral process design and optimization, mining, production, marketing and rehabilitation processes.
Mineralogy
Mineralogy is an important component of resource evaluation and metallurgical testwork development. Analysis can be done to determine the relative proportions of valuable and gangue minerals, and their degree of liberation in the sample. This data is then used to predict, or explain, the subsequent behavior of the various classes of mineral particles, in real or simulated mineral processing operations. ALS Minerals has a market leading position in the range and capabilities of our automated mineralogy equipment, with analysis carried out using a range of technologies including MLA (Mineral Liberation Analyzer), QEMSCAN, X-ray diffraction, ParticleSCAN, and HyLogger. Our team of highly experienced professional and technical staff integrate these various analytical techniques to provide our clients with accurate, quantitative and traceable understanding of the mineralogical variability within a deposit. Our technical experts integrate quantitative mineralogy with bankable metallurgy to provide critical information for mineral process flowsheet development or optimization. Working together, our team of highly experienced mineralogists and metallurgists provide you with complete understanding of how your ore will respond to extractive processes.
Mineralogical data available from our range of technologies include: Mineral species & compositions Mineral distribution & associations Mineral grain & particle size distributions Elemental distributions of key minerals Mineralogical limiting grade recovery curves We can add value throughout the life cycle of your mining project: Exploration Prefeasibility & feasibility studies Resource & reserve determination Geometallurgy Mine planning & production scheduling Concentrator Improved res process design & optimization Pilot plant testwork support Plant control & troubleshooting Plant audits & monthly surveys Smelter management Environmental assessment Mine rehabilitation analysis Liberation & locking Textural information Color coded particle images Bulk mineral species & distributions Trace mineral identification
Mineral Name Alunite Background Chalcopyrite Fe Oxides Feldspar Gypsum Jarosite Kaolinite Micas/clays Minor Phases Pyrite Quartz Rutile
sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
metallurgy
The metallurgical response of a mineral or concentrate to an extraction process is determined by a program of metallurgical testing and evaluation. Bankable metallurgical testwork from ALS Metallurgy is the key to minimizing your technical risks associated with mineral processing flowsheet development through wellplanned, well-managed, and well-executed metallurgical test work programs.
Metallurgy
In addition to the acquisition of Ammtec, a leading Australian metallurgical testwork consultancy with global recognition, ALS recently announced the acquisition of G&T Metallurgical Services. The merger of the Ammtec and G&T metallurgical testwork businesses into the portfolio of mineral services offered by ALS allows us to provide a leading range of services, at all stages of the mining life cycle. Our highly experienced technical staff operate from world class metallurgical testwork facilities based in Perth, Adelaide, Sydney, Burnie, Australia; and in Kamloops, Canada. Through laboratory bench scale and large scale pilot plant testing of ore samples, we provide data to determine how the ore responds to extractive processing, from optimization studies to scoping studies and pre-feasibility to full bankable studies, for any mineral extraction process. We work closely with our clients globally to develop and demonstrate bankable metallurgical process flowsheets designed to solve metallurgical challenges to even the most complex geology, for all commodities.
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sample Preparation
precious metals Exploration Geochemistry Lithogeochemistry Ores & Commodities Concentrates/Environmental other services
2. Provision of Services a) The Client acknowledges that it is the Clients sole responsibility to make its own assessment of the suitability for any purpose of the Services, detection limits and confidence intervals inherent in ALSs standard testing methodology, the ALS Report and its contents. b) If the Client requires the Services to be performed by specific test method, or requires detection limits and/or confidence intervals different to those inherent in ALSs standard testing methodology, then the Client must instruct ALS of such a variation prior to ALS performing the Services. 3. Fees and Payment a) ALS reserves the right to review prices at any time if significant changes to ALSs costs are incurred that are beyond ALSs control, such changes may include, but are not limited to, changes in legislative requirements, Client variations to sample numbers, analytes requested, turnaround required, or reporting requirements. b) Payment terms are 30 days from the date of invoice (Due Date), unless negotiated otherwise prior to the placement of an order or submission of samples. Any such variance from the standard payment terms must be stipulated separately in writing in the Agreement. c) All prices quoted by ALS are exclusive of GST (or other value added tax if relevant) unless stated otherwise. d) All fees due and payable after the Due Date (Outstanding Amount) will be subject to the payment of interest at a rate of 1.5% per month of the Outstanding Amount from the Due Date up to and including the date of payment, unless ALS and the Client otherwise agree in writing. e) The Client will indemnify ALS for any fees incurred by ALS to recover the Outstanding Amount, including any solicitor fees, or collection agency fees. 4. Limitation of Liability a) To the full extent permitted by law, ALS excludes all warranties, terms, conditions or undertakings (Terms), whether expressed or implied, in relation to the Services, the ALS Report, or its contents. Where any legislation implies any Terms in this Agreement that cannot be modified or excluded then, such Terms shall deem to be included. However, to the full extent permitted by law, ALSs liability to the Client for any breach of any Terms that cannot be excluded by law is limited at ALSs option to the re-performance of the Services or the refund of the fee for the Services.
Please refer to the ALS Website for full Terms and Conditions: www.alsglobal.com/Minerals/Geochemistry/Downloads
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