Apple Cider Vinegar: A Universal Health Tonic

Robin Murphy, ND Lotus Health Institute

Hahnemann translated De Marchy's 'The Art of Distilling Liquor' [in 1785] and 'The Art Of Manufacturing Vinegar' [in 1787] from the French.

Vinegar Tonics
The word "vinegar" derives from the Old French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine." Louis Pasteur showed in 1864 that vinegar results from a natural fermentation process. Vinegar is a liquid processed from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. The acetic acid concentration ranges typically from 4 to 8 percent by volume for table vinegar [1] (typically 5%) and higher concentrations for pickling (up to 18%) although in some countries the minimum strength may be less. Natural vinegars also contain smaller amounts of tartaric acid, citric acid, and other acids. It has been used since ancient times, and is an important element in Western, European, Asian, and other traditional cuisines of the world.

Vinegar Tonics
Production Vinegar is made from the oxidation of ethanol in wine, cider, beer, fermented fruit juice, or nearly any other liquid containing alcohol. Commercial vinegar is produced either by fast or slow fermentation processes. Slow methods are generally used with traditional vinegars and fermentation proceeds slowly over the course of weeks or months. The longer fermentation period allows for the accumulation of a nontoxic slime composed of acetic acid bacteria and soluble cellulose, known as the mother of vinegar.

Vinegar Tonics
Types of Vinegar White Vinegar - White vinegar can be made by oxidizing a distilled alcohol. Alternatively, it may be nothing more than a solution of acetic acid and salt in water. Most commercial white vinegars are 5% acetic acid solutions. They are made from grain (often maize) and water. White vinegar is used for culinary as well as cleaning purposes because vinegar can also be used for sterilization. Malt Vinegar - Malt vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. An ale is then brewed from the maltose and allowed to turn into vinegar, which is then aged. It is typically light brown in color. Wine Vinegar - Wine vinegar is made from red or white wine, and is the most commonly used vinegar in Mediterranean countries and Central Europe. As with wine, there is a considerable range in quality. Better quality wine vinegars are matured in wood for up to two years and exhibit a complex, mellow flavor. Wine vinegar tends to have a lower acidity than that of white or cider vinegars. There are more expensive wine vinegars made from individual varieties of wine, such as Champagne, Sherry, or pinot grigio.

Vinegar Tonics
Fruit Vinegar - Fruit vinegars are made from fruit wines usually without any additional flavoring. Common flavors of fruit vinegar include apple, black currant, raspberry, quince, and tomato. Typically, the flavors of the original fruits remain in the final product. Most fruit vinegars are produced in Europe, where there is a growing market for high-priced vinegars made solely from specific fruits (as opposed to non-fruit vinegars which are infused with fruits or fruit flavors).

Persimmon vinegar

Vinegar Tonics
Apple cider vinegar - Apple cider vinegar, otherwise known simply as cider vinegar, is made from cider or apple must, and is often sold unfiltered, with a brownish-yellow color; it often contains mother of vinegar. It is very popular, partly due to its beneficial health and beauty properties. Due to its acidity, apple cider vinegar can be very harsh, even burning the throat. If taken straight (as opposed to usage in cooking), it should be diluted (e.g. with fruit juice) before drinking. Others dilute it with warm water and add some honey.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

THE USES OF APPLE CIDER VINEGAR A number of outstanding authorities have proven the therapeutic advantages of using cider vinegar for numerous complaints ranging from obesity and overweight to arthritis. Besides the therapeutic benefits derived from taking cider vinegar therapy, it can also be used for a number of other purposes e.g. salad dressing, pickling, a flavor in cooking etc. It also makes a very refreshing drink, hot or cold, with or without honey - this should take the place of normal tea and coffee which are so habit-forming and unnecessary commodities. Try using cider vinegar where lemon juice is required e.g. in making mayonnaise, or just sprinkle some on a salad before serving; sprinkle on fruit for a refreshing breakfast, or just use on raw vegetables!

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." In fact there is an even older maxim, "To eat an apple before going to bed, makes a doctor beg his bread."
Research has shown that apple cider vinegar can assist in aiding digestion, lowering bad cholesterol, strengthening the heart, lowering blood pressure, stabilizing blood sugar and it contains anti-oxidants which help ward off certain cancers. Apple cider vinegar's other claims to fame include relieving sore throats, slowing the aging process, relieving leg cramps, soothing sunburn, controlling dandruff and itchy scalp, flushing harmful toxins from the system which is thought to aid arthritis and assisting in weight control.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

ACV MOTHER NATURE'S Health Tonic Natural (undistilled) organic, raw ACV can really be called one of Mother Nature's most perfect foods. It is made from fresh, crushed apples which are then allowed to mature naturally in wooden barrels, as wood seems to "boost" the natural fermentation. Natural ACV should be rich, brownish color and if held to the light you might see a tiny formation of "cobweb-like" substances that we call the "mother." Usually some "mother" will show in the bottom of the ACV bottle the more it ages. It never needs refrigeration. You can also save some "mother" and transfer it to work in other natural vinegars. When you smell natural ACV, there's a pungent odor and sometimes it's so ripened it puckers your mouth and smarts your eyes these are natural, good signs.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

Many of the home remedies for common ailments listed below, call for a tonic of apple cider vinegar (ACV) made by mixing 2 or 3 teaspoons of ACV in an 8 ounce glass of water and drinking this before or during each meal. By taking this nutritious tonic you will, at the very least, be helping to reduce the nutrient deficiencies that result from a typical western diet containing many processed, refined foods. Apple cider vinegar kills germs and nourishes the body at the same time, so have a look the many different ways people have been benefiting from the external and internal application of this folk medicine.

Not only does apple cider vinegar help to alkalize the body, but it is very rich in potassium. A variety of research indicates that potassium is one of the key nutritional factors in apple cider vinegar that assists in easing, and possibly preventing, many ailments. Potassium promotes cell growth and has even been called the "mineral equivalent to the fountain of youth."

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

POTASSIUM - Apple cider vinegar has a potent supply of potassium which has become so widely acclaimed in the helping of various complaints including: running nose. Excessive mucous formation, watery eyes, sinus and catarrhal troubles. Teeth decay and the splitting of finger nails are also signs of potassium deficiency which are remedied by taking cider vinegar. Potassium is essential for the normal growth of the body and for the replacement of worn-out tissues which depend upon the presence of this mineral. It is as important to the soft tissues, as calcium is to the bones and teeth and it also retards the hardening of the blood vessels. As potassium is so important in the healthy growth of a plant, animal and human, a deficiency of this mineral will produce such tendencies as callous formations on the soles of the feet, or the failure to replace worn-out tissues as observed in the loss of hair.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

WHAT DOES APPLE CIDER VINEGAR DO? Amongst other things, cider vinegar is very effective in detoxifying various organs in the body together with the blood stream. Hence it is a blood purifier, as it has a means of breaking down fatty, mucous and phlegm deposits within the body. It therefore, promotes the health of the vital organs of the body e.g. kidneys, bladder, liver etc., by preventing an excessively acid blood. Apple cider vinegar also helps oxidate the blood which consequently prevents the blood from becoming too thick and gluey, which gives rise to a strained heart and blood vessels resulting in high blood pressure. Apple cider vinegar also promotes digestion, assimilation and elimination and it neutralizes any toxic substances taken into the body. There have been a number of instances where people who had taken a mixture of cider vinegar and water before a meal were unaffected by diarrhea, or digestive upsets, whilst their companions who ate the same meal were. Hence the cider vinegar seemed to neutralize the harmful substances in the food eaten.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

ACNE BLEMISHES - Apply a solution of apple cider vinegar and water (2 tablespoons to 1 eight ounce glass of water) with a cotton ball several times a day. This will help reduce infection and dry out inflammation. The same solution can be used as a facial toner and cleanser. The solution is splashed and rubbed on the face then a warm wash cloth is laid over the face, repeat several times. AGE SPOTS - Apply daily, to these darkened areas of the skin, a solution containing 2 teaspoons of apple cider vinegar and 1 teaspoon of onion juice. According to this home remedy, the spots should begin to fade within 2 weeks. ARTHRITIS - Help the sore joints with a liniment made up of cup apple cider vinegar, and cup olive oil. Also, simply taking the apple cider vinegar tonic (1 or 2 tablespoons to 8 ounces of water) before each meal has been an effective natural healing home remedy for many people. ASTHMA - Some people have found relief from mild asthma by taking the apple cider vinegar tonic along with applying a vinegar-soaked compress to the inside of the wrists. ATHLETE'S FOOT - Athlete's foot is a fungal infection which is quite difficult to get rid of. One of the best home remedies involves soaking the feet twice a day in a 50/50 mixture of apple cider vinegar and water. Or, you can apply pure apple cider vinegar to the affected areas several times a day and before bedtime. BLEEDING NOSE - Soak a cotton ball in pure apple cider vinegar, have the person lay his head back and then place it in the bleeding nostril. This home remedy will help stop the bleeding quicker.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

BLOOD PRESSURE - Take 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar and 1 tablespoon of honey in a glass of water twice a day to help lower blood pressure. The high potassium values in both natural healing substances helps to balance out sodium levels in the body, which aids in maintaining blood pressure within healthy limits. Apple cider vinegar and honey also contain magnesium, a mineral that works to relax blood vessel walls and thus lower high blood pressure. BODY ODOR - Use apple cider vinegar as a natural body deodorant and eliminate the bacteria causing offensive body odor. For example, check out these two related home remedies: Underarms can be kept free of odor causing bacteria by wiping them once a day with undiluted apple cider vinegar whereas foot odor can be greatly minimized by soaking the feet two or three times weekly in a pan of warm water mixed with 1/3 cup (75 ml) of ACV. BONE HEALTH - Due to its mineral content, Apple cider vinegar helps to sustain bone mass and fight against osteoporosis. The important minerals involved include manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and silicon.Take the general apple cider vinegar tonic (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) to boost the body's supply of these minerals. BRUISES - Dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in cup of warm apple cider vinegar and apply it to the bruise as a compress. BURNS - Apply pure apple cider vinegar to the burn, whether it's from the sun or a hot surface, to reduce the pain, to disinfect, and to supply nutrient required for healing. CANCER PREVENTION - Apples and apple cider vinegar contain numerous substances that protect against many types of cancer. They contain beta-carotene, a powerful antioxidant, and phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols that are also protective against cancer formation. Plus they both contain pectin, a soluble fiber , which binds certain cancer causing compounds in the colon and speeds up their elimination from the body. So eat an apple a day and take the general apple cider vinegar tonic home remedy (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) to maximize these benefits.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

COLDS - At the first sign of a cold, take 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar in half a cup of water several times a day. The body becomes more alkaline during a cold and the vinegar will help to rebalance the body's acid level. If you have a chest cold, a long-standing home remedy calls for soaking a piece of brown paper in vinegar then sprinkling one side of it with black pepper. Place the peppered side of the paper on the chest, cover with a towel, and relax for 20 minutes. CONSTIPATION - A low fiber diet and the reduction in digestive acids and enzymes as we age, can lead to constipation. More fruits and vegetables and a daily tonic of apple cider vinegar (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) is a natural healing home remedy to combat constipation.

CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION - It is thought that the water soluble fiber pectin, found in apple cider vinegar, absorbs fats and cholesterol and eliminates them from the body. And at the same time, the amino acids present in apple cider vinegar neutralize some of the harmful oxidized LDL cholesterol. Recently, researchers reported that regular vinegar intake of 3 teaspoons (15 ml) or more per day can significantly lower the level of cholesterol in a persons blood. They found that acetic acid, the major ingredient in vinegar, is responsible for this effect. Maximize this benefit by taking the apple cider vinegar tonic (1 or 2 tablespoons to 8 ounces of water) and increasing the amount of fiber rich food in your diet (more fruits and vegetables) while reducing the amount of saturated and unsaturated fat.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

CORN AND CALLUS TREATMENT - Soak your feet for half an hour in a warm bath containing half a cup of apple cider vinegar. Use a clean pumice stone to rub the affected areas then apply pure apple cider vinegar and cover with a bandage. Reapply vinegar and bandage the following morning. COUGHS - A home remedy to sooth a night time cough is to sprinkle apple cider vinegar on a cloth placed on a pillow. CRAMPS - Muscle cramps can be caused by a calcium and magnesium imbalance in the body and by a lack of vitamin E. To help prevent the recurrence of cramps, take a regular tonic of apple cider vinegar (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) along with 1 teaspoon of honey. DANDRUFF - Apply pure apple cider vinegar to the scalp and work it into the roots of the hair; allow the vinegar to stand for a half hour or a full hour before washing your hair. This will help to destroy the bacteria and fungus that cause dandruff and itchy scalp. Apple cider vinegar can be combined with certain herbs to make an extra strength natural hair care product for combating dandruff and soothing itchy scalp.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

DIABETES - A daily tonic of apple cider vinegar (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) supplies dietary fiber and other ingredients, which are beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels. As well, the acids and enzymes promote better digestion and nutrient absorption, which is impaired in many diabetes sufferers. This home remedy has been the subject of new research that shows that apple cider vinegar can help lower blood sugar levels. DIAPER RASH - Use a 50/50 mixture of apple cider vinegar and water to eliminate the bacteria and fungus that cause diaper rash. DIARRHEA - Pectin, the water soluble fiber in apple cider vinegar, will help to absorb water in the intestines and provide more bulk for the stool. Also, intestinal bacteria transforms pectin into a protective coating which sooths the irritated lining. So take the natural healing apple cider vinegar tonic (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) to help eliminate diarrhea. DIGESTION - As we age, it is common for people to produce less stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) which can lead to digestive problems. Taking the apple cider vinegar tonic home remedy (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) before a meal will enhance the action of your stomach's acid and digestive enzymes. EAR INFECTIONS - Use an ear syringe (found at drug stores) to squirt a vinegar solution into the ear and let it sit for a minute or so, then turn your head and let the liquid drain out. The vinegar solution can be a 50/50 mixture of ACV and pure water, a 50/50 mixture of ACV and rubbing alcohol or a solution consisting of onethird vinegar, one-third pure water, and one-third rubbing alcohol. If the ear problem persists, see a health professional. ECZEMA - To help relieve the itching and dryness of eczema, apply a 50/50 mixture of apple cider vinegar and water to the affected areas. FATIGUE - Fatigue can be caused by a build up lactic acid in the body during exercise or periods of stress. The amino acids found in apple cider vinegar can neutralize the excess lactic acid in the bloodstream and the potassium and enzymes obtained through regular use of a vinegar tonic can help beat fatigue. FLATULENCE - Many people avoid eating certain foods such as beans due to the gas they produce in the body. This gas is a result of incomplete digestion and can be minimized by soaking the beans in apple cider vinegar prior to cooking them.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

FOOT CARE - Try this home remedy for sore and tired feet which sometimes ache at the end of a long day: Add a cup of apple cider vinegar to a basin of warm water and allow your feet to soak for 15 minutes. HEADACHES - Research has shown that people have slightly more alkaline urine when they have a headache. An apple cider vinegar tonic will help restore your body's acid/alkaline balance. According to one home remedy, inhaling the vapors from a small bottle of apple cider vinegar can also help or if you have a vaporizer, add some cider vinegar to the water and inhale the vapors for five minutes. HEARTBURN (ACID REFLUX) - Heartburn or acid reflux is a condition in which some of the acid content of the stomach periodically backs up into the esophagus. Even though testimonials abound throughout the net on the effectiveness of using apple cider vinegar to relieve heartburn, no scientific studies have been done to substantiate this. So to relieve occasional heartburn, try drinking the general apple cider vinegar tonic (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) before each meal. HEMORRHOIDS - Apply the natural healing abilities of pure apple cider vinegar directly to hemorrhoids to help reduce stinging and promote shrinking. Use a cotton ball to apply the vinegar every few hours until symptoms are relieved. HICCUPS - To stop hiccups, try sipping a glass of warm water in which one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar has been mixed in. This is a lot simpler than many other home remedies for hiccups. INSECT BITES AND STINGS - Bee and wasp stings, as well as itchy mosquito bites can be soothed by applying undiluted apple cider vinegar to the affected area. INSOMNIA - Dr. Jarvis in his book "Folk Medicine" recommends the use of honey and apple cider vinegar for those who have a hard time falling asleep at night. Mix one tablespoon of apple cider vinegar in one cup of honey and take two teaspoons of this mixture just before going to bed. Repeat after an hour if required. Some people find that simply taking one tablespoon of apple cider vinegar in 8 ounces of water just before bedtime, helps them to get to sleep quicker and sleep much longer.

JELLYFISH STINGS (Chironex Fleckeri and Chiropsalmus Quadrigatus) - The sting of the large box jellyfish, found along the northern tropical coastline of Australia, can be deadly. The venom injected by these animals is capable of killing humans within minutes. However, by dousing the sting area with regular vinegar (5% acetic acid content), the further release of poison will be rapidly and completely stopped. That's why Australian lifeguards always keep vinegar on hand and it's their initial first aid treatment of choice. Reference: Australian Resuscitation Council Guideline 8.9.6 LEG CRAMPS - Take the apple cider vinegar tonic regularly (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) to help the body's absorption of calcium and magnesium and thus protect against painful leg cramps. MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS - A glass of apple cider tonic (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) in the morning has been reported to help reduce the flow of a heavy period. MORNING SICKNESS - Many women experience nausea and vomiting, often in the morning, during the first three months of pregnancy. A home remedy reported to help keep morning sickness at bay involves simply drinking, as soon as you get up, a glass of water containing a teaspoon of apple cider vinegar.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

NAIL FUNGUS - Nail and toenail fungus infections are very difficult to cure even with modern drugs which many people prefer not to use due to reported side effects and poor effectiveness. Fortunately there are many vinegar home remedies used to cure this condition some which use only vinegar and others involve combinations of vinegar with hydrogen peroxide, tea tree oil, olive oil, etc. In all cases the treatment lasts for months and is usually applied to the effected area twice a day. NIGHT SWEATS & HOT FLASHES - Apple cider vinegar has helped reduce hot flashes and night sweats for some menopausal women who for various reasons can't take hormones. Use the apple cider vinegar tonic regularly. (2 or 3 teaspoons to 8 ounces of water) POISON IVY & POISON OAK - The health and fitness expert Patricia Bragg recommends spraying a solution of equal parts apple cider vinegar and distilled water on to the affected areas to stop the pain, itching and ease the swelling. Cooling the spray in the refrigerator will provide even more relief.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

SINUSITIS - To help relieve the pain of sinusitis, bytdrinking a glass of water with 1 or 2 teaspoons of ACV added, every hour for 6 to 8 hours. For sinus headache, Marie Nadine Antol, recommends adding an eight of a cup of ACV to a cool-air vaporizer and inhaling the infusedair directly for 5 minutes. After that lie down for 20 minutes and wait for your respiratory passages to clear. For excess mucus in the nose, throat, or sinus cavities (post nasal drip), try a solution of warm water and 1 to 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar. Place a small amount in the palm of your hand, block one nostril, then place the other nostril into the vinegar solution and sniff hard. You'll experience the disinfecting and mucus-cutting benefits of apple cider vinegar deep into your sinus cavities. Let the solution run down the back of your throat then spit it out. After that, repeat with the other nostril. SORE THROAT - One of many natural healing home remedies for a sore throat involves gargling with a mixture of 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar to half a cup of water, using 3 mouthfuls of mixture each hour. As P. Bragg warns in her book "Apple Cider Vinegar-Miracle Health System", don't swallow the gargled mixture, because ACV acts like a sponge drawing out throat and mouth germs and toxins. SUN BURNS - If the sunburn is localized, apply full strength apple cider vinegar on the affected skin to obtain relief. Do this by soaking a thin towel in apple cider vinegar and placing it over the burn. Leave it on to help prevent peeling and itching. If the sunburn covers a large part of the body then try this home remedy recommended by Patricia Bragg in her book called Apple Cider Vinegar-Miracle Health System: Take a cool bath in which one cup of ACV has been added. After soaking in the bath, gently dry the body and pat ACV directly onto the needed areas. Wait 5 minutes, then pat on aloe vera gel. ULCERS - A preliminary study in Japan showed that taking a weak vinegar solution can give over 95% protection from alcohol-induced ulcers. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS - Drink a daily tonic of apple cider vinegar to help you keep the right pH balance in the urinary tract since the proper acidity creates an inhospitable environment for bacteria and yeasts that cause these infections. Cranberry juice is also a well known home remedy for urinary tract infections. It prevents bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract. For a tasty drink, try adding 2 teaspoons of apple cider vinegar to an eight ounce glass of cranberry juice and benefit from both home remedies at the same time.

Apple Cider Vinegar Tonics

VARICOSE VEINS - Dr Jarvis notes that the following folk remedy is used not only in Vermont but also in Scotland, England and Germany. Apply undiluted apple cider vinegar to the varicose veins at night and in the morning, and take two teaspoons of ACV in a glass of water twice a day. Shrinking of the veins will be noticed after one month. WARTS - Patricia Bragg cautions: do not rub warts since this could spread them. Apply an ACV soaked gauze bandage to the wart overnight and in the morning replace it with a castor oil soaked gauze bandage. At night alternate the ACV with crushed fresh garlic and vitamin E (prick open capsule). WEIGHT LOSS - The use of apple cider vinegar as a home remedy for weight loss is centuries old. Dr Jarvis maintained that an overweight person could lose weight gradually by taking 2 teaspoons of ACV in a glass of water at each meal. No change in the daily food intake is required except to avoid high fat containing foods. YEAST INFECTION - According to one home remedy, relief can be obtained by the use of a vinegar douche, consisting of 2 tablespoons of ACV mixed in one quart of warm water, applied twice a day until the burning and itching symptoms of the infection have stopped. Frequent douching however is no longer recommended, since recent studies have shown that this can cause more harm than good! So, if you tend to get frequent yeast infections, try to find the cause (such as antibiotic use or a diet too high in refined sugars) and reduce or eliminate it. A vinegar bath, prepared by adding one cup of ACV to the bath water, can also help provide external relief.

A chemical mixture of peracetic acid is formed when acetic acid is mixed with hydrogen peroxide. It is being used in some Asian countries by aerosol sprays for control of pneumonia. A mixture of five-percent acetic acid and three-percent hydrogen peroxide is commonly used.

Euphoria Tonic
ACV, BAKING SODA, CAYENNE PEPPER AND HOT WATER 11/06/2007: Sharon from Boston, MA writes, "I just discovered that ACV, baking soda, and cayenne produces an almost instantaneous state of euphoria! I have been taking ACV for years, more recently ACV and baking soda, but never with the cayenne. I always felt very energized from ACV, but didn't feel like it was adjusting my brain chemistry. This remedy does. This is going to sound strange, but it makes me feel closer to God. I don't know how else to explain the sensation. This is what I do: 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar, 1/8th teaspoon of sodium bicarb. and few shakes of cayenne pepper put in a glass and add hot water. Be careful not to stand too close to the glass after adding the cayenne or you will inhale it, especially once those ACV and sodium bicarb. bubbles get activated. Sip slowly, stirring the cayenne every so often. When the drink cools down, add more hot water. Drink on an empty stomach, if possible. I usually take it in the late afternoon, when I am feeling sleepy. I hope others will try it to and let me know if they are experiencing the same results. It might also be a very effective PMS remedy, I don't know. Will send an update later on in the month!"