GSM Radio Network Features

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GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic (MS) Power Control

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GSM Radio Network Features

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Why GPRS Dynamic Power Control?

Reduced battery power consumption in the MS Improved interference environment in the network Decreased risk for receiver saturation

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GSM Radio Network Features

For an GPRS/EGPRS MS, the battery consumption is reduced, recharging is needed less frequently and the maximum possible connection time will increase when GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control is used. GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control increases the number of data and speech connections with sufficiently good Carrier-to-Interference ratio (C/I). GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control is a powerful feature when high capacity is needed in a network. It improves C/I for maintained traffic or maintains C/I with increased traffic or tighter frequency reuse. The gain is obtained by a reduction of the interference level. When GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control is used by all GPRS/EGPRS MSs in the network, the total amount of radiated power is reduced. This implies that the uplink co-channel and adjacent channel interference in the network is reduced. The gain of GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control depends on the amount of GPRS/EGPRS traffic in the network. As the amount of GPRS/EGPRS traffic in the network grows, the interference gain of GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control will increase. The large signal energy transmitted from GPRS/EGPRS MSs that are close to a BTS might saturate the receiver. The sensitivity of the receiver will then decrease and the link quality might become poor. On some extreme occasions all time slots on the frequency might be affected.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Measurements in packet idle mode

Received signal strength at the MS for radio block n:

C = SS + Pb(10.25 N ) block _ n block _ n

The values are filtered in the MS with a average filter:

Cn = (1 a)C + aC n1 block _ n

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GSM Radio Network Features

The MS periodically measures the signal strength on the PCCCH or, if there is no PCCCH in the cell, on the BCCH. The MS measures the signal strength of each paging block monitored by the MS according to its current Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mode and its paging group SSblock_n is the mean of the signal strengths of the four bursts that compose the radio block N is the number of bursts in the radio block that are received on the BCCH frequency, for example, in case of frequency hopping on the associated physical channel. an is the forgetting factor and n is the iteration index. The filter is started with n = 1 for the first sample every time a new cell is selected. Otherwise, when entering packet idle mode, the filter continues from the n and Cn values obtained during packet transfer mode. The filter also continues from its previous state if TDRX changes. Pb is the BTS output power reduction (relative to the output power used on the BCCH) used on the channel on which the measurements are performed.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Measurements in packet transfer mode

The MS uses the same signal strength measurements on the BCCH frequency of the serving cell as made for cell reselection The measured signal strength is filtered with a running average filter:

Cn = (1 b) Cn 1 + b SS n

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GSM Radio Network Features

In packet transfer mode, the MS uses the same signal strength measurements on the BCCH frequency of the serving cell as made for cell reselection The measured signal strength, SS n, is filtered with a running average filter where: b is the forgetting factor and n is the iteration index. When entering packet transfer mode, the filter continues from the n and Cn values obtained during packet idle mode. If indicated by parameter PC_MEAS_CHAN, the MS shall instead measure the signal strength of each radio block on one of the PDCHs monitored by the MS for PACCH. This method requires that constant output power is used on all downlink PDCH blocks. The received signal strength, Cblock n, is derived as in formula. The Cblock n values, with n defined as above, are filtered with a running average filter where c is the forgetting factor.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Calculation of MS output power (1)

The output power of the MS is calculated for all allocated uplink PDCHs separately:

P = min( Pmax ,GAMMA GAMMA ALPHA( C+ 48 )) 0

GAMMA0=
39 dBm for GSM900 cells 36 dBm for GSM1800/1900 cells
if a PCCH exists in the cell

Pmax=

GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH CCHPWR
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otherwise
GSM Radio Network Features

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Note that GAMMA_CH is written GAMMA in the UD! The name GAMMA_CH is from the GSM spec.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Calculation of MS output power (2)

GAMMA shall be set to:
GAMMA = GAMMA0 ( 1 ALPHA ) Pmax ALPHA ( PBTS + SSt arg et + 48 ) where PBTS = BSPWRB combiner loss SSt arg et is the desired SS at the BTS

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GSM Radio Network Features

GAMMA_CH is set per cell and the same value is sent for each allocated uplink PDCH. ALPHA is set per BSC and is typically broadcast to the MS.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Quantization of power order (1)

The MS rounds the calculated output power to the nearest nominal output power value supported by the MS according to TS GSM 05.05

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GSM Radio Network Features

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GSM Radio Network Features

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GPRS MS output power with different ALPHA

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GSM Radio Network Features

Dynamic aggressive setting: An aggressive setting means that the GPRS/EGPRS MS output power is highly down regulated in relation to the received signal strength. In order to have an aggressive setting, ALPHA should have a high value. GAMMA is then used to set the desired received signal strength at the BTS. The interference created by the GPRS/EGPRS users in the uplink will be lower with this setting, but the GPRS/EGPRS performance could be affected. A pure open loop control is achieved by setting ALPHA = 1 (parameter ALPHA set to 10) and using GAMMA to determinate the maximum output power reduction. The compensation will be directly proportional to the path loss in this case. Dynamic moderate setting: A moderate setting means that the GPRS/EGPRS MS output power is down regulated less relative to the received signal strength. In order to have a moderate setting, ALPHA should have a medium or low value. Static setting: A static setting means that the GPRS/EGPRS MS output power is constant independently of the received signal strength. In order to have a static setting, ALPHA should be set to zero. GAMMA is then used to set the output power of the MS.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Behavior of the algorithm with fixed ALPHA

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If the feature GPRS/EGPRS Dynamic MS Power Control is used, it is recommended to use a moderate ALPHA value of 0.6 (i.e. paramater ALPHA set to 6). The behavior of the formula for GPRS/EGPRS MS power control with a moderate value of parameter ALPHA = 6 is shown in the figure above for different GAMMA values.

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Regulation procedure
When accessing a cell on the PRACH or RACH and before receiving the first power control parameter during packet transfer on PDCH, the MS uses output power=Pmax The values of ALPHA and GAMMA are sent to the MS in a Packet Downlink Assignment or Packet Uplink Assignment message. The MS can change the output power for each transmitted radio block. If, during a connection, the value of ALPHA or GAMMA is updated in the BSC, the new value is sent to the MS in a Packet Uplink Ack/Nack or Packet Power Control/Timing Advance message.
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GSM Radio Network Features

Concerning updated ALPHA or GAMMA_CH: The MS uses the new value of ALPHA or GAMMA_CH to update the output power, two radio blocks after the complete message block containing the new value has been received.

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Parameter ALPHA BSPWRB CCHPWR, GSM 900 CCHPWR, GSM 1800/1900 GAMMA GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, GSM 900 GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, GSM 1800/1900 MFRMS Pb PC_MEAS_CHAN T_AVG_T T_AVG_W

Default value 0 0 6 0 0 10 12

Recommended value 0 0 -

Value range 0 to 10 0 to 63 13 to 43 4 to 30 0 to 60 13 to 43 4 to 30 2 to 9 fixed fixed fixed fixed

Unit

dBm dBm dBm dB dBm dBm

dB

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GSM Radio Network Features

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GSM Radio Network Features

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Exercise
Calculate P with the following information:
C = -60 dBm SStarget = -80 dBm Pmax = 33 dBm Alpha = 0,5 Gammanoll = 39 dBm PBTS = 41 dBm

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GSM Radio Network Features

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