5/10/2011

SURFACE INTEGRALS

CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

In the cylindrical coordinate system, a point P

5.3 Course Notes

in three-dimensional (3-D) space is represented by the ordered triple (r, , z), where:
r and are polar coordinates of the projection of P onto the xyplane. z is the directed distance from the xy-plane to P.

Surface Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates

CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES To convert from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates, we use:

CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

Example 1

x = r cos y = r sin z=t --------------------------------------------------------------------To convert from rectangular to cylindrical coordinates, we use:

The circular cylinder shown in the figure has Cartesian equation x2 + y2 = c2

r2 = x2 + y2 tan = y/x t=z

In cylindrical coordinates, this cylinder has the very simple equation r = c.

CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

Example 2

SURFACE INTEGRALS IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

Describe the surface whose equation in cylindrical coordinates is z = r.

Integrating over the surface of a cylinder of radius

----------------Converting the equation into rectangular coordinates gives:

r = a, the surface integral becomes,

z2 = r2 = x2 + y2 ,

cylinder

( x, y, z )dS (a cos , a sin , t )a d dt

a circular cone whose axis is the z-axis.

where the surface element is : dS a d dt

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SURFACE INTEGRALS IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

SURFACE INTEGRALS IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

Example:

The curved surface of a cylinder

Mass ( x, y, z )dS ( x 2 y 2 z 2 )dS

S S

x 2 y 2 9, 2 z 4,
is made of a thin material with density

On a vertical cylinder of radius 3, the surface element dS 3 d dt x 3 cos , y 3 sin , z t. Mass

4

( x 2 y 2 z 2 ) at each point ( x, y, z ). Find its mass.

(9 cos 2 9 sin 2 t 2 ) 3 d dt 220

SPHERICAL COORDINATES 5.4 Course Notes

SPHERICAL COORDINATES

Another useful coordinate system is the spherical coordinate system

(, , )

= |OP| is the distance from the origin to P.

Surface Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

( 0)
is the same angle as in cylindrical coordinates (0 ) is the angle between the positive z-axis and the line segment OP.

SPHERICAL COORDINATES

SPHERICAL COORDINATES

Especially useful in problems where there is symmetry about a point, and the origin is placed at this point.
For example, the sphere with center the origin and radius c has the simple equation = c.

To convert from spherical to rectangular coordinates, we use the equations x = sin cos y = sin sin z = cos
Notice that:

2 = x2 + y2 + z2

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SURFACE INTEGRALS IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES

SURFACE INTEGRALS IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES

Integrating over the surface of a sphere of radius a, the surface integral becomes,

EXAMPLE 2.

Pages 81-82 of Course Notes

Use spherical coordinates to find the surface of a sphere of radius a.

EXAMPLE 3.

Evaluate

x 2 dS

where S is the top half of the unit sphere.

The surface element is: