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Jonkanoo

Jonkanoo (also spelled Jonkonnu or John Canoe) is a masquerade festival/parade fromthat comes from West Africa. It arrived with the African Slaves. It is traditionally performed through the streets during the christmas period, and involves people dressed in a variety of fanciful costumes, such as the Cow Head, the Hobby Horse, the Wild Indian, and the Devil (Satan). The parade has a band with people playing fife, drums, and a coconut grater used as a scraper, and jonkanoo songs are also sung. There is also a Jonkanoo pepper sauce, described as "a carnival of red hot peppers blended with scallions, onions, thyme and garlic. During Jonkanoo at christmas, the revelers parade through the streets dressed in colorful masquerade costumes. Men who play the charaters normally wear white-mesh masks, which include the horned cow head, policeman, horse head, wild Indian, devil, belly-woman, pitchypatchy, and sometimes a bride and house head, which was an image of a great house carried by the reveler on his head. Although Jamaica is credited with the longest running tradition of Jonkanoo, today these mysterious bands with their gigantic costumes appear more as entertainment at cultural events than at random along the streets. Not as popular in the cities as it was 30 years ago, Jonkanoo is still a tradition in rural Jamaica. Traditionally on Christmas Eve some markets were decorated with streamers, large accordionstyle bells, and balloons. People were decked out in fancy clothes, including bright hats purchased upon entering the Grand Market. Everyone came to town for Grand Market and the celebrations lasted throughout the day and night.

Bruckins

The word bruckins means negro dance, the dance movements were taken from the Pavanne, a European court dance of the 15th and 16th centuries which the Europeans adopted from the Italians. This was taken to the Caribbean and observed by African Slaves. After years of formation during slavery it was used as a celebratory dance for slaves after emancipation, the first of which was August 1 1834.They added a slanting of the body, instead of the upright stance as performed by the Europeans. There are two groups involved in the Bruckins party one in red and the other in blue. The dancers represent Kings, Queens, Princes, Captains, Soldiers, Trainbearers and others. There is a contest between the groups and various movements are employed as one side seeks to perform much more elaborate movements or out dance the other. Today Bruckins can only be found in Portland and is no longer done during Emancipation, instead it is a highlight during festivals and social event sand is mainly promoted by the Jamaica Cultural Development commission JCDC.

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