Reg.

360
Joints a) These Regulations provide for ordinary bolted flange joints. Special types of joints may be used, subject to the approval of the Chief Inspector. b) Where carbon steel socket welded pipes or valves and fittings are welded together, such welds shall be effectively stressrelieved when the wall thickness is 20mm or greater or carbon content of the steel exceeds 0.25% or pipes are made of alloy steel in accordance with the following. (1) For carbon steel, a stress relieving heat treatment shall be performed by heating the part to at least 600 + 20C. When required by the characteristics of the material, different temperatures may be necessary to obtain proper stress-relieving. The part to be stress relieved shall be brought slowly up to the specified temperature and held at that temperature for a period proportionate on the basis of at least 2 minutes per millimetre of the maximum thickness of the part (approximately one hour per twenty five millimetre of thickness) and shall be left to cool in the furnace to a temperature which, for parts with thickness greater than 20 millimetre does not exceed 400C. After withdrawal from the furnace, the part shall be allowed to cool in a still atmosphere. A temperature-time diagram of the stress-relieving process shall be provided when the Inspecting Authority requires it. (2) For alloy steel a stress-relieving heat treatment shall be carried out on the basis of the composition of the alloy as shown in the table below:Table Range of Temperature in degree centigrade 620-660 630-670 650-750 Time at temperature per mm of thickness of plate 2.5 minutes (30 minutes min.) 2.5 minutes (30 minutes min.) 2.5 minutes (1 hour min.)

Type of Steel Mo Cr Mo 1Cr Mo 1Cr Mo 2Cr 1Mo

Note.- For pipes of 2Cr 1Mo specification upto and including 127 mm outside diameter and upto and 13 mm wall thickness, the time may be 30 minutes minimum.

Reg. 360
Joints The heat treatment of steels having Cr Mo V shall be carried out as per the requirements of the code of manufacture of plates, pipes. Heat treatment shall be carried out by one of the following methods: . (i) Local heating using a portable muffle induction coils, or other suitable heating appliance. Particular care shall be taken to apply heat uniformly over the area to be treated. The use of procedures that do not provide adequate control for this purpose, such as manual operation of gas torches, is not permissible. The temperature shall be maintained symmetrically over peripheral band of metal of a minimum width of three times the width of the butt welded preparation. The temperature shall be measured by thermocouples pinned, welded or otherwise, or suitably attached to the surface of the pipe and where necessary, protected from flame impingement. (ii) Heating in stationary furnace. The temperature of the joint shall be measured by thermocouples so disposed within the furnace as to give a true measure of the joint temperature.

(c) Such Butt-welded joints conform to Fig 28. (d) Tests on completed welds on pipelines: (1) Classification For the purpose of tests, pipelines shall be divided into two classes:Class II. - Pipelines for service conditions in which any one of the following limits is exceeded:Design temperature Design Pressure Feed water 218C (425F) 17.6 kg/cm (250 lbs/sq in) 24.6 kg/cm (350 lbs/sq in)

Class II. -Pipelines for service conditions in which none of the foregoing limits is exceeded. 2) Identification of Welds The Welders identification mark shall be stamped without indentation, or stencilled adjacent to each completed weld. (3) Tests for Class I pipelines (i) Where the completed pipelines are not subjected to hydraulic test: Where the completed pipelines are not tested by the application of hydraulic pressure, the welds shall be subjected to the following inspection procedure:Piping over 102 mm. (4 in.) bore.-All butt-welds shall be subjected to non-destructive examination by radiographic or other approved methods. The entire circumference of the first five welds made by each welder shall be non-destructively examined. If these are found to be satisfactory and the Inspecting Officer or Inspector is in other respects satisfied with the welding technique, methods of control and supervision employed, relaxation in the extent of non-destructive examination may be considered, but this relaxation shall in no case permit the non-destructive examination of less than one-third of the circumference of each of the remaining welds made by the Welder concerned. Piping 102 mm. (4 in.) bore and under, but not less than 38 mm. (1 in.) bore.- Five percent of the butt-welds made by each welder with a minimum of two welds per welder, selected at random shall be subjected to non-destructive examination by either radiographic or other approved methods or may be cut out for visual examination and bend tests.

Reg. 360
Joints Piping less than 38 mm. (1 in.) bore.- Special tests are not normally required but two per cent of the welds by each welder on a pipeline may be cut out from the pipeline for visual examination and bend tests. (ii) Where the completed pipelines are subjected to hydraulic testWhere the completed pipelines are tested by the application of hydraulic pressure, the welds shall be subjected to the following inspection procedure:Piping over 102 mm. (4 in.) bore.-Ten per cent of the welds made by each Welder on a pipeline with a minimum of two welds per welder, selected at random, shall be subjected to non-destructive examination by radiographic or other approved methods. Piping 102 mm. (4 in.) bore and under, but not less than 38 mm. (1 in.) bore.-Two per cent of the welds made by each welder on a pipeline with a minimum of one weld per welder, selected at random, shall be subjected to non-destructive examination by radiographic or other approved methods or may be cut out for visual examination and bend tests. Piping less than 38 mm. (1 in.) bore.- Special tests are not normally required, but two per cent of the welds by each welder on a pipeline may be cut out from the pipeline for visual examination and bend tests.

4) Tests for Class II pipelines (i) All pipelines under this classification shall be subjected to hydraulic test on completion of erection. (ii) On completion of the first ten production welds made by each welder, one of the welds shall be cut out for test purposes or alternatively, the welder shall prepare a test specimen made up of two similar lengths of piping welded in a position as closely representative of a selected production weld as is practicable. The test specimen shall be subjected to visual examination and bend tests. (iii) Two per cent of the remainder of the welds made by each welder shall be selected at random and cut out for test purposes, or, alternatively, the welders shall prepare a test specimen made up of two similar lengths of piping welded in a position as closely representative of a selected production weld as is practicable. The test specimen shall be subjected to visual examination and bend tests. (iv) Notwithstanding anything contain in sub-clause (ii) and (iii), the bend tests shall be dispensed with in case the welds have been non-destructively tested in the following manner:A. Piping over 102mm (4 in.) bore:-Five per cent of the welds made by each welder on a pipeline with a minimum of two welds per welder, selected at random shall be subjected to a non-destructive examination by radiographic or other approved methods. B. Piping 102mm (4 in.) bore and under One per cent of the welds made by each welder on a pipeline with a minimum of one weld per welder, selected at random shall be subjected to non-destructive examination by radiographic or other approved techniques. 5) Re-tests If any test specimen is unsatisfactory, two further weld specimen for re-test shall be selected from the production welds and subjected to tests. In the event of failure of any of the re-test specimens, the production welds carried out by this welder subsequent to the previous test shall be subject of special consideration. (e) Socket weld joints:-Socket weld joins may be used with carbon and low alloy steel pipes not exceeding 60.3 mm outside diameter. Such welds shall not be used where fatigue, severe erosion or crevice corrosion is expected to occur. The working pressure of the socket weld fittings shall be determined in accordance with equation 91 (regulation 350). The thickness of the socket weld fittings shall not be less than 1 times the nominal thickness of pipe. The material shall be compatible with the associated piping.