Scaffolding Standard PDF

INDIAN OIL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM [ SURAKSHA ]
SCAFFOLD SAFETY
ISMS STANDARD - 1007

First Edition, November 2007
INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

REFINERIES HEAD OFFICE SCOPE COMPLEX, CORE 2, 7, INSTITUTIONAL AREA, LODHI ROAD,
NEW DELHI 110 003
SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER
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ISMS STANDARD - 1007

First Edition, September 2007
SCAFFOLD SAFETY
IMPORTANT
Mandatory requirements (or "must") are characterised by the word "SHALL" throughout the text. Advisory requirements or recommendations are indicated by the word "SHOULD."
Prepared by :
COMMITTEE ON STANDARDISATION OF SAFETY SYSTEMS

REFINERIES HEAD OFFICE SCOPE COMPLEX, CORE 2, 7, INSTITUTIONAL AREA, LODHI ROAD,
NEW DELHI 110 003
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NOTES
This document is prepared for use in the Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Refineries Division. This is the property of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Refineries Division and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written consent from Executive Director (Operation), IOCL, Refineries Division, New Delhi. Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of data contained in this document, Committee hereby disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss / damage resulting from its use. This document is intended only to supplement and not replace the prevailing statutory requirements.
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PREFACE
Over the years of operation, Refineries under the umbrella of Indian Oil Corporation Limited [i.e. IOCL], adopted variety of safety practices in line with the requirements of statutes, national and international norms & Standards and safety management system in safety practices. Based on safety assessment studies and some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in IOCL Refineries, emphasized the need for the review of existing safety practices of IOCL Refineries. With this in view, it has been decided at IOCL (RD), Head Office (H.O.) to standardize the key Safety Management System elements for the Refineries Division exploiting internal knowledge bank and resources. In accordance with this decision, a committee has been constituted by Executive Director (Operation), IOCL, H.O., for the said purpose under his convenership. The present document on Scaffold Safety, prepared by the Committee on Standardisation of Safety Systems, is based on the various national and international codes, best practices prevailing in the IOCL Refineries and accumulated knowledge & experience of the members. Provisions of this standard if implemented objectively will help in improving safety at work places and thereby reducing the possibility of undesired incidents in IOCL, Refineries. No change in the standard is permitted at unit level. Suggestions for amendments / changes, if any, to this standard shall be addressed to: The Executive Director (Operation), Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Refineries Head Office Scope Complex, Core 2, 7, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road,
New Delhi 110 003
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COMMITTEE ON SCAFFOLD SAFETY

LIST OF MEMBERS
Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Name Shri N. K. Bansal Shri S. K. Das Shri A. Chaudhuri Shri D. Chakraborty Shri Sunil Kumar
Designation ED (O) CM (QA & Systems) CPNM CTSM CM (F&S)
Location R&P, H.O. Mathura Refinery Haldia Refinery Barauni Refinery Gujarat Refinery
Position in Committee Convener Member Member Member Member
The committee expresses sincere gratitude to Shri A. Panda, GM (S&EP), H.O., New Delhi for his immense support and guidance in formulating this standard. The committee also extends sincere thanks to Shri G. B. Tolmare, CM (SHE), C.O., New Delhi for his contribution, involvement and sharing of knowledge & experience which has helped in framing the standard.
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CONTENTS
SECTION
ATTRIBUTE
PAGE NO.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. ANNEXURES I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX.
PURPOSE SCOPE DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION HAZARDS OF SCAFFOLD GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SAFETY FEATURES COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS TYPE OF SCAFFOLDS INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD LIGHT DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD MEDIUM DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD HEAVY DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLD BIRDCAGE SCAFFOLD TRUSS SCAFFOLD INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD TRESTLE SCAFFOLD SYSTEM SCAFFOLDING SLUNG SCAFFOLD DROP SCAFFOLD BRACKET SCAFFOLD PORTABLE / MOBILE LADDER TEMPORARY SRAIRWAYS TRAINING AUDIT FOR SCAFFOLD AND WORK AT HEIGHT REFERENCE
6 6 6 9 9 10 11 21 22 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 30 32 32 33 34 36 39 40 41 42
PRE ERECTION CHECKLIST FOR SCAFFOLD CHECK-LIST FOR SCAFFOLD CERTIFYING TAGS FOR SCAFFOLD SCAFFOLD PIPES, BOARDS AND FITTINGS SAFE ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDS INSPECTION OF LADDER, PIPES & BOARDS TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FORMAT FOR WORK AT HEIGHT PERMIT & MEDICAL CERTIFICATE
43 45 46 47 53 84 92 110 112
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SCAFFOLD SAFETY
1. PURPOSE The purpose of this standard is to describe procedures and guidelines to ensure safety in various types of steel tubular scaffolds, erected for maintenance and construction activities, including procedure for safe erection and dismantling with access ladders, which is an integral part of scaffold. 2. SCOPE This standard shall be applicable to all the Refinery premises of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, wherever any tubular scaffold shall be erected, used and dismantled, by our employees and contractor employees. 3. 3.1 DEFINITIONS AND ABBRIVIATIONS TUBULAR MEMBERS (Refer Figure 5.1) STANDARD: A tube used as a column or vertical in the construction of a scaffold, and transmitting a load to the ground via a base plate. It is also known as an Upright or Column. PUNCHEON - A vertical tube supported otherwise than upon the ground or a base plate. LEDGER - A tube spanning horizontally and tying a scaffold longitudinally. It may also act as a support for put logs, transoms or board bearers. TRANSOM - A tube spanning across ledgers to tie a scaffold transversely, which may also support a working platform. BOARD BEARER - A tube spanning across ledgers between transoms to support a working platform. PUTLOG - A tube or other member spanning horizontally between a ledger and the wall of a building. It may have a special formed end, which may be detachable for the purpose of fitting into brickwork. RAKER (Also known as a Strut or Spur) - An inclined load bearing tube having a bearing on the ground or on an adjacent structure. Refer Figure 5.9 BRACE - A tube incorporated diagonally across two or more members in a scaffold and fixed to them to afford stability. TIE - A tube used to connect a scaffold to a rigid anchorage. Refer Figure 5.5 to Figure 5.8).
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GUARDRAIL - (Also wrongly known as a Handrail) - A tube connected at the edge of platform and other places to prevent persons falling from platform of place. MIDRAIL-A horizontal rail approximately midway between the top rail of a guardrail system and the platform. HANDRAIL - Tube used on stairs before permanent handrails, banisters, etc. fitted to prevent the fall of persons. Refer Figure 5.1 and 5.2 for tubular members of scaffold. 3.2 SCAFFOLD FITTINGS BASE PLATE - A 6"X6" (150 mm x 150 mm) - steel plate providing a flat bearing surface for load distribution from standards. It has an integral spigot and fixing holes for use with sole plates. Refer Figure 4.3. ADJUSTABLE BASE PLATE - Used for compensating variations in ground levels. Also used for strutting and shoring. Refer Figure 4.4. DOUBLE COUPLER- A load-bearing coupler used for connecting two tubes together at right angles. It is also known as a Right Angle or Ninety-Degree Coupler or Clip. Refer Figure 4.9. UNIVERSAL COUPLER - Load-bearing coupler used for connecting two tubes together at right angles or in parallel. It is also known as S.G.B. or Band and Plate Coupler. Refer Figure 4.2. PUTLOG COUPLER - A non-load-bearing coupler used for fixing two tubes at right angles, e.g., intermediate put logs or board bearers to ledgers. It is also known as a Putlog Clip. Refer Figure 4.8 PUTLOG OR BRACE COUPLER (SGB type) - This coupler whilst primarily designed for securing putlogs and transoms to ledgers, also conforms to the requirements for a bracing coupler. Refer Figure.-4.2. SWIVEL COUPLER - Used for connecting two tubes together at any angle through 360 degrees. It is a load bearing coupler. Refer Figure.-4.6. END TO END COUPLER - Used for connecting two tubes end to end. It is also known as a Sleeve Coupler. Refer Figure 4.7. JOINT PIN - Used for connecting two tubes end to end. Fitted internally it expands to apply grip against the wall of the tube. It is also known as a Spigot. Refer Figure 4.10. PUTLOG END- Used for converting an ordinary tube into a putlog. TOE BOARD CLIP - Used for fixing toe board to standard. Refer Figure.4.2 REVEAL PIN A fitting used for tightening a reveal tube between two opposing
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surfaces. Refer Figure 4.13. REVEAL TUBE - A tube fixed by means of a threaded fitting (reveal pin) between two opposing surfaces of a building or structure to form a solid anchorage to which a scaffold may be tied. Refer Figure 5.7. SPIGOT - A pinned or bolted internal fitting to join one standard to another coaxially. Used in system scaffolds. Refer Figure 4.11. SPIGOT PIN - A pin or bolt placed transversely through the spigot and the scaffold standard to prevent the spigot from pulling out of the tube. Also known as tension pin, dowel pin, and coupling pin. Refer Figure 4.11. 3.3 GENERAL TERMS SOLE PLATE - A timber or steel member of adequate size and suitable quality used to distribute the load from the base plate over an area of ground. It is also known as Spreader. Refer Figure 4.14. BAY - The space between two adjacent standards along the face of a scaffold. Refer Fig.5.4. LIFT - The height from the ground or floor to the lowest ledger, or the vertical distance between two adjacent ledgers. Refer Figure 5.3. TOE BOARD - A board positioned at the edge of a platform or place so as to prevent persons, tools and materials falling from the platform or place. It is also known as a Kicking Board. Refer Figure 5.1. DECKING - A close-boarded scaffold platform. Refer Figure 5.24. WORK STAGE - Purpose made decking for use on towers, trestles, roof trusses, etc. It can be used over greater spans than ordinary scaffold boards. It is also known as staging. UNIT BEAM - A Purpose-made lattice beam incorporated into a scaffold structure to form a bridge where openings are necessary. TWO-WAY TIE - A tie which prevents movement of the scaffolding both to and from the building or structure to which it is secured. Refer Figure 5.5. COLUMN BOX-TIE - Two-way tie secured to a vertical column with tubes forming a 'box' round the column. Refer Figure 5.6. PARALLEL COUPLER - Short tube secured longitudinally across an end to end joint in tubing to strengthen the joint. Refer Figure 5.27. JUNCTION - The intersection of a series of tubes. BUTTRESS - A well-braced tubular structure erected against an existing scaffolding structure to strengthen it.
LONGITUDINAL BRACING (Also known as Face or Facade Bracing) - Tubes secured diagonally across the face of a scaffold to ensure stability. Refer Figure 5.1. LEDGER BRACING - Tubes secured diagonally between lifts from ledger to ledger or standard to standard to ensure stability. It is also known as Cross or Wind Bracing or Transverse. Refer Figure 5.1. FAN - A Scaffold platform cantilevered from the main structure at point below the working level and designed to catch any materials etc. that might fall. SCAFFOLD LASHING - Wire rope of 1/2" (6.4 mm) diameter used for lashing ladders, etc. Not to be used for suspending or anchoring scaffolds, or for lifting operations. Refer Figure 6.3. LADDER- A device used for climbing vertically between levels, including: a. EXTENDED LADDER - A portable ladder that cannot support itself but can be adjusted in length. It consists of two sections that are arranged to permit length adjustment. b. STRAIGHT LADDER - A portable ladder that consists of one section that determines its overall length. It cannot support itself or be adjusted in length. Refer Figure.6.1. SAFETY HARNESS Personal Protective Equipment consists of waist belt together with shoulder straps and leg straps. Refer Figure. 8.1. LANYARD- The line used to connect the safety harness to anchorage point. Refer Figure.8.3. 4. INTRODUCTION Tubular scaffolds are used in refineries as temporary work places at height (supported of underhung) for carrying out job safely by persons and to support for plant & materials used in buildings, construction, maintenance, repair and demolition work, etc. All scaffolds shall be erected, free from any fall hazard with guardrail system and measures shall be in place to reduce the consequence of fall, should they occur. Safe scaffold is a basic requirement of the job, carried out at height. Safety during erection and dismantling of scaffold is equally important and must be adhered to ensure no accident while working. 5. HAZARDS OF SCAFFOLD Occurrence of accidents caused by fall of working person from a height or due to collapse of scaffold show clearly the importance of properly constructed and maintained ladders and scaffolds. Apart from collapse the principal hazards are: Slipping of unsecured ladders
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6. 6.1
Use of unsuitable, sub standard or faulty materials Inadequately supported scaffold boards Inadequate or irregular platform widths or substandard platform Omission of guardrails or toe boards Failure to secure scaffold to the permanent structure or to brace it adequately. Overloading the platforms and scaffold, etc. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TUBE (Refer Fig.4.1) All steel tubing to be used for scaffolding shall be of 1 inch nominal bore size heavy duty, and grade YST 22 as specified in IS: 1161, confirming to IS: 2750 or BS 1139. Refer Figure 4.1. Tube shall be free of cracks, surface flaws and other defects. Tube shall not deviate from straight line by more than 1/600 of its length measured at centre of its length. Straightening of tubes shall only be carried out on a straightening machine. Deformed section of tube shall be cut out. Refer Figure 6.4. All tubes shall be maintained in a clean condition and regularly inspected. Step shall be taken to combat corrosion by means of varnishing / painting of external surface of tubes. Where the section of tube is deformed through bending, this shall be cut out.
6.2
FITTINGS (Refer Figure 4.2) Specification of scaffold fittings such as couplers, clips, etc., shall conform to IS: 2750 (material of construction shall confirm to steels of schedule II of IS:1570) / BS 1139 / EN 74. Fittings should be regularly examined for any developed defects. Moving parts shall be regularly lubricated for ease movement. In case of any defect scaffold, the fittings shall be rejected/ scrapped. Safe working loads of coupling shall be considered as part of the following table while selecting for use in a scaffold:
Safe Working Loads for Individual Couplers TYPE OF COUPLER TYPE OF LOAD MINIMUM SAEF WORKING LOAD (SWL)* Right-angle coupler Slip along a tube SWL= 6.25 kN (1,400 lb) (double coupler/ load bearing coupler) Swivel Coupler Slip along a tube SWL= 5.3 kN (1,190 lb) (Adjustable coupler) End-to-End Coupler Tension SWL= 3 kN (675 lb) (Sleeve coupler) Bending SWL= 0.59 kN-m (435 lb/ft.)
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Singer coupler (Putlog/ Bearer coupler) Joint pin Girder Coupler (drop forged
Force to pull the tube axially out of the coupler Tension Shear
SWL= 0.53 kN (120 lb.) SWL = 0 kN (0 lb) SWL = 30 kN per pair (6,740 lb.)
* - Reproduced from BS: 3973, Table-17. 6.3 BOARDS (Refer Figure 4.14) Timber scaffold boards shall conform to IS: 3629 or BS 2482. The fabricated boards of similar specification, made of laminated timber or steel can also be used. As wood is combustible material, steel boards shall be used in refineries, particularly in operating areas. Looking at the face of the board, the end shall not be split up more than 12" (300 mm) fixed with the iron hoop. Looking at the edge of the board, not more than half of the depth shall be knot wood. Looking along the board from one end it must not be twisted by more than " (12 mm) thick. Boards, which are split, decayed or warped, shall not be used, but the parts affected may be cut off to obtain shorter boards. (Refer Fig. 6.5 & 6.6) Wooden boards shall not be painted or treated in any way that may conceal defects Boards used for scaffold decking upto 2thickness shall be not less 8" (200mm) wide, and for boards more than 2" (50 mm) thick, not less than 6" (150mm) wide. Timber boards shall not be used where they are in contact with hot lines or surfaces or in operating areas of refineries, which could cause fire. Metallic boards shall be used in these cases. 7. SAFETY FEATURES COMMON TO ALL SCAFFOLDS All scaffold materials, site of erection and preparation for erection shall be checked by site engineer / engineer in-charge and area in-charge using format for Pre-Erection Check-list for Scaffold, enclosed as Annexure-I. All the conditions of checklist shall be complied jointly by site engineer / engineer incharge and area in-charge, before proceeding for erection. All erection/ dismantling shall be governed by standard on Work Permit System. For erection/ dismantling upto 2 M height Cold Work Permit shall also be required. For jobs at a height beyond 2M Working at Height Permit is required. Medical Fitness Certificate is also required in prescribed format (Refer Annexure-IX) for working at height (including erection/ dismantling of scaffold beyond 2M
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height). For details, please refer standard on Work Permit System. The medical certificate shall be issued by Registered Medical Practitioner and shall be valid for a period not exceeding 1 year. The top of scaffold must clear the overhead electric cable by following gaps: INSULATED LINES Minimum Distance Alternatives 1 meter 2 times the length of the line 3 meters
Voltage Less than 300 Volts 300 Volts to 50 kV More than 50 kV
insulator, but never less than 3 meters
Voltage Less than 50 kV More than 50 kV
3 meters plus 100 mm for each 1 kV over 50 kV UNINSULATED LINES Minimum Distance Alternatives 3 meter 2 times the length of the line 3 meters plus 100 mm insulator, but never less than for each 1 kV over 50 kV 3 meters
Every scaffold and scaffold component (including platform units) shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight (dead load) and at least four (4) times the maximum intended load (live load) applied or transmitted to it (D+4*L). Self-weight of platform units (including planks) shall be considered as dead load. All scaffolds shall have a specified load rating, corresponding to the maximum intended load, of either Light-duty, Medium-duty, or H e a v y -duty. For design, the maximum intended load (live load) shall be taken as the scaffolds load rating. Under any circumstances scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their load rating. FOUNDATION A good base is essential. The ground or floor on which the scaffolding is going to stand should be carefully examined. Soil or made up ground shall be consolidated. Sole plates at least 9" x 1" (230 mm x 40 mm) cross section are required to spread the load on earth, made up ground, asphalted surface etc. Refer Figure 5.12. Sole plates shall extend under at least two standards and joints shall be positioned so that they fall within one half to one third of the distance between any two adjacent standards. At the end standard the sole plate shall project a similar distance. Small timber pads may be used on solid bearing, such as concrete, where there is no risk of the standard and base plate sinking or becoming displaced. Any other make shift arrangement e.g. barrels, boxes, loose bricks or concrete
7.1
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blocks shall not be used as a substitute for sole plate for construction of a scaffold. Refer Figure 5.12 and 5.13. 7.2 STANDARDS Standards shall be pitched on base plates and sole plates or timber pads. Refer Figure 5.12 and 5.13. Joints in standards should not occur in the same lift. Joints should be arranged so that they occur as near as possible to a ledger. All standards shall be vertical. Refer Figure 5.23. End-to-end coupler should join two standards. Refer Fig. 5.14 A. The parallel couplers shall be used for reinforcement. Standard shall be vertical and plumbed as shown in Figure 5.14 A and 5.14 B. 7.3 LEDGERS / TRANSOMS Ledgers shall be securely fixed to standards with double or universal loadbearing couplers and shall be horizontal. Joints in ledgers should be staggered, i.e. joints in adjacent ledgers shall not occur in the same bay. Refer Figure 5.23. It is desirable that these joints be made with sleeve couplers. If joint pins are used these shall be placed at about one-quarter to one-third the span between the standards, not at mid-span. Ledgers / Transoms shall be horizontal and its horizontality shall be measured and ensured using Spirit level as shown in Figure. 5.14 B. 7.4 BRACING Bracings are reinforcing members, gives strength and stability to scaffold. All scaffolds shall be provided with bracings, i.e., longitudinal bracing and ledger/ transverse bracing. Refer Figure.5.1. 7.5 TIES / RAKERS Ties and rakers are provided in scaffolds to give support and stability. Though these are not recommended for all types of scaffolds, however it shall be used wherever recommended for different types of scaffold to give stability. Different types of tie arrangement have been shown in Figure.5.5 to 5.7 including use of reveal pin. All scaffolds of height more than 3 times of their minimum base dimension are required to be tied. For close view of reveal pin refer Figure. 4.13. Rakers are used to gives additional support to scaffold. This can be used in many types of scaffold. Refer Figure.5.9 7.6 DECKING All decking shall be close-boarded, each board resting evenly on at least three supports. Boards shall oversail end supports by at least 2" (50 mm) but shall not oversail by more than four times their thickness.
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Supports for scaffold boards (transoms, putlogs, etc.) shall be spaced with due regard to the nature of the platform and the load it will bear. Refer Figure. 5.15 & 5.16. Maximum permissible distances between supports for scaffold boards (transoms, putlogs, etc.), are as given below:THICKNESS VIS-A-VIS MAXIMUM DISTANCE SCAFFOLD BOARD BETWEEN SUPPORTS 1" (32 mm) 3' 3" (990 mm) 1" (40 mm) 5' 0" (1.520 m) 2" (51 mm) 8' 6" (2.590 m) Note: These distances are the maximum allowed for single planking, but these must be reduced whenever the anticipated load or the nature of the platform makes a smaller distance necessary for safety. Wherever fabricated steel platform is used instead of timber of equivalent strength the above guidelines should be followed. In such cases guidelines of manufacturer should be referred. Except on decking contiguous to the curved surface of a cylindrical or spherical structure, boards shall be laid flush wherever possible. Where overlaps are unavoidable, suitable beveled pieces shall be provided to reduce the risk of tripping. Boards shall be laid with no openings more than 1 inch (25 mm) between adjacent boards or scaffold member. Decking shall be kept free from unnecessary obstructions and from materials, rubbish and projecting nails. Decking which has become slippery with oil, or other substance shall be immediately sanded, cleaned or otherwise treated. Refer Figure 5.24. The slope of a gangway or run, shall not exceed 1 vertical to 1" horizontal. Slopes of more than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal shall have stepping laths at suitable intervals. Laths are to extend the full width of the gangway or run, except that gaps of 4" (100 mm) may be left at the centre to facilitate the movement of barrows. Boards shall be secured from movement. Refer Figure 5.17. 7.7 GUARDRAILS AND TOEBOARDS Guardrails and toe boards shall be fitted at edges of decking from which persons or material could fall a distance of more than 6' 6" (1980 mm). Guardrails shall not be less than 3' (920 mm) and not more than 3' 9" (1150
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mm) high, and the space between toe board and guardrails shall not exceed 2' 6" (760 mm). Mid-rail should be used additionally in between toe board and guardrail. Refer Figure.5.1. Guardrails and toe boards shall be fitted to the inside of standards to prevent outward movement, unless they are so designed and used as to prevent such movement. Toe boards should be 8" (200 mm) high and secured in position by toe board clips or other means. Guardrails and toe boards may be removed or partially erected for the time being and to the extent necessary for the access of men or the movement of materials. These shall be replaced or erected as soon as practicable. 7.8 MATERIAL GUARDS Where materials are to be stacked on a working platform or working place above the height of the toe boards, suitable barriers shall be positioned so as to prevent the fall of such material from the platform or place. The inadequate height of material guard may lead to unsafe falling of material. Refer Figure.6.8. 7.9 ACCESS Access to a working platform is best achieved by providing a separate ladder tower or cantilevered access platform so as not to obstruct the platform and to minimize the possibility of persons falling through the gap in the guardrail or decking. Refer Figure 5.25 & 5.26. 7.10 GIN WHEELS Gin wheels are widely used for lifting light loads up to 112 lb (50.8 kg) on to scaffolding. There are two types of wheel in general use, the ring-type and the hook-type. The ring-type shall preferably be used. Refer Figure 4.12. The supporting tube shall be attached to two standards in the case of an independent tied scaffold. Double or universal load-bearing couplers shall be used to attach the supporting tube to the standards. The point of suspension of the gin wheel shall not project more than 2' 6" (760 mm) beyond the outer supporting tube. If the distance between the point of suspension and the outer supporting standard is more than 1' (300 mm) a diagonal brace should be fitted. A coupler shall be fitted to the supporting tube on either side of the ring to prevent movement. Ropes used with gin wheel shall be of suitable size and conform to BS 2052. Each rope shall be marked for identification. 7.11 INCOMPLETE SCAFFOLDING
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Where scaffolding is incomplete, whether it is during erection, dismantling or alteration, access to those parts, which are incomplete, shall be barred and warning notices displayed in form of RED TAG. Please refer Annexure-III 7.12 WORKMANSHIP Scaffolding shall be erected, altered and dismantled by experienced workmen working under the direction of a trained and experienced supervisor. Standard shall be set accurately, in plan and vertically, by using a spirit level or plumb line at each lift. Ledgers shall be set horizontally with a spirit level, or by using horizontal lines on the building or structure. Scaffolding couplers shall be tightened only with the tools recommended by the manufacturers of the couplers. The use of a spanner or tool that gives a leverage greater than that of the tool recommended, is liable to cause damage to bolt studs with the result that not only the grip of the coupler on the tube will be impaired, but also the coupler will be rendered unserviceable. Scaffolding materials and other objects shall not be dropped, thrown tipped or shot from heights. The area below working platform, where risk of material falling form top is a probability shall be barricaded with warning tape and boards to forbid entry of persons. 7.13 INSPECTIONS All scaffolding including access ladder shall be inspected after completion of erection, alternation, repair, at least after every seven days from the day of completion and if weather likely to have affected stability. Main points to be checked during inspections are as follows: Pitching of standard base on base plates and adequacy of timber/steel sole plates Alignment and condition of standard including damage and displacement or undue deflection of ledger Ties & Braces-Adequate and effective Selection, type and tightness of couplers Boards Sound, close-laid, properly supported, and secured from movement Guardrails and Toe boards/ material guard (if required) in place Ladders In good condition properly supported and secured. For detail refer section-10. Inspection of scaffold shall be done before erectionin prescribed format, Preerection checklist for scaffolds (Attached as Annexure-I). All the requirements of checklist must be complied. All scaffolds shall be inspected and certified in prescribed form (enclosed as Annexure-II) by scaffold supervisor and trained site engineer. All scaffold shall be tested and certified at frequency not exceeding 7 days or whenever some modification, alteration, repair is carried
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out or whenever the scaffold is exposed to adverse weather condition such as high wind, heavy rain etc.
SCAFFOLD TAG: Tags for display on scaffold shall of two types in Red and
Green colour, as enclosed in Annexure-3. Display of Red Tag indicates incomplete scaffolds or any scaffold Not Fit For Use. Whereas the Green Tag indicates scaffold Fit For Use. Both the tags must be properly filled up and signed. The tags shall be of size 146 mm X 80 mm X 1mm thickness, made out of durable polyester laminated to resist water, grease and extreme atmospheric temperature with grommet. It shall be heavy-duty construction to withstand up to 36 kg of pull out force and displayed near access point of scaffold. The sample of tags is enclosed as Annexure-III. 7.14 INCLEMENT WEATHER Workers shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds. All working at height at outdoors shall be discontinued at a wind velocity 65 KMPH (40 MPH) and during rain, thunderstorms or when there is likelihood of lightning. 7.15 LOAD ON SCAFFOLD PLATFORM The recommended maximum distributed loading of scaffold platform shall confirm to the Table-1, given below.
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RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM DISTRIBUTED LOADING OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORMS

TYPE OF SCAFFOLD Light duty independent tied Light duty independent tied Medium duty independent tied Medium duty independent tied Heavy duty independent tied Heavy duty independent tied Heavy duty independent tied Put log Put log NO. OF WORKING PLATFOR MS IN USE 1 1 4 4 2 Heavy duty 2 light duty 2 Heavy duty 2 light duty 2 Heavy duty 2 light duty 1 1 SPACING OF STANDARDS 9 ft (2.7m) 9 ft (2.7m) 7 ft (2.1m) 8 ft (2.4m) 6 ft (1.8m) 6 ft (1.8m) WIDTH OF PLATFORM * 3 boards 4 boards 5 boards 5 boards 5 boards 5 boards AREA PER BAY 18 ft2 (1.67m2) 27 ft2 (2.5 m2) 28 ft2 (2.6 m2) 32 ft2 (2.97 m2) 24 ft 2 (2.22 M2) 27 ft 2 (2.5 M2) 24 ft 2 (2.22 M2) 24 ft 2 (2.22 M2) 32 ft2 (2.97 m2) PERMISSIBLE LOADING 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2) 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2) 37 lb/ft2 (180 kg/m2) 30 lb/ft2 (145 kg/m2) 60 lb/ft2 (290 kg/m2) 60 lb/ft2 (290 kg/m2) 37 lb/ft2 (180 kg/m2) 56 lb/ft2 (275 kg/m2) 37 lb/ft2 (180 kg/m2) MAX. LOAD PER BAY 270 lb (122.4 kg) 405 lb (183.7 kg) 1036 lb (469.8 kg) 960 lb (453.4 kg) 1440 lb (653.0 kg) 1620 lb (734.7 kg) 888 lb (402.7 kg) 1344 lb (609.5 kg) 1184 lb (536.9 kg) EXAMPLE OF MAX. LOAD PER BAY ** 1 man, hand tools, paint, plaster 2 man, hand tools, paint, plaster. 1 man, mortar on spot board and 130 bricks. 2 men and 620 lb (280 Kg) of materials. 1 man, mortar on spot board and 200 bricks. 2 men and 1280 lb (580 Kg) of materials. 2 men and 550 lb (250 Kg) of materials. 1 man, mortar on spot board and 180 bricks. 1 man, mortar on spot board and 160 bricks
6 ft (1.8m) 6 ft (1.8m) 8 ft (2.4m)
5 boards 5 boards 5 boards
Notes * Assumption made of board 9 inch. Weight of man 168 lb (76.2 Kg) ** Assumption made weight of spot board and mortar 70 lb (31.7 Kg) and weight of a brick 6 lb (2.72 Kg)
Table 1 7.16 ERECTION The procedure for erection for all scaffolds (low height as well as tall) shall be such that an unstable condition is not reached at any time. The ties and bracing for the scaffold are to be erected simultaneously with other components. No portion of the scaffold shall be utilized unless that portion is fully decked, braced and tied. Warning notices shall be fixed to draw attention to those parts of a scaffold, which are incomplete and not fit for use. During erection the scaffold erector must use full body safety harness (confirming and certified to IS: 3251/ EN: 361) with double fork type lanyard (confirming and certified to EN: 355). Safety harness shall always be used with
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shock absorber (confirming and certified to EN-355). All time the scaffold erector/ helper should keep engaged their safety harness with a firm support or stable scaffold structure when on scaffold tube at a height of 2M and beyond. Suitable fall arrestor (Rope grab type confirming and certified to EN:353-2 and Retractable type fall arrester to EN 360) shall be used, wherever possible. Please refer Annexure-VIII. 7.17 DISMANTLING During dismantling, no component, which endangers the stability of the remaining structure, shall be removed. If dismantling has reached the stage at which a critical member has to be removed, e.g. a tie or a brace, the stability of the structure shall be assured by fixing a similar or otherwise adequate member in place lower down before the member to be taken out is removed. Because of the changes, which are made in a scaffold structure during its working life, it is not safe to assume that dismantling can be carried out in the reverse order of the erection. The scaffold, especially its ties and bracing, shall be inspected for health and effectiveness prior to dismantling. If the scaffold is defective, it shall be repaired/ rectified before dismantling commences. Same personal fall protection equipment shall be used as mentioned in section 7.16 during erection. The procedure of dismantling shall be orderly and planned and shall proceed generally from the top horizontal sections. Scaffolds shall not be dismantled in vertical sections from one end towards the other, especially in cases where a hoist tower, which apparently gives support to the scaffold, is to be left standing, unless special consideration is given to ties and bracings. The following precautions shall be observed. a) DO NOT remove all the ties. b) DO NOT remove all the bracing first. c) DO NOT remove all the intermediate and board end transoms. d) DO NOT remove all intermediate guardrails. An access scaffold may have been temporarily stabilized during construction by rakers that have been subsequently removed. If the level of the lowest tie point is high, e.g. over entrance halls or above tall shop windows, temporary rakers, or other structurally adequate means of support, should be built up from the ground to achieve stability of the part-dismantled scaffold. For details of Raker refer Figure 5.9.
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During dismantling the persons engaged in job at a height of 2M or above must use full body safety harness with double fork type lanyard. Safety harness shall always be used with shock absorber. All time the persons shall keep engaged their safety harness with scaffold stricture when on scaffold tube at a height of 2 M and above. Suitable fall arrestor shall be used, wherever possible. For standard of above PPE refer section 7.16. Refer Annexure-VIII. 7.18 LOWERING MATERIALS Materials shall be lowered to the ground and not stored on the scaffold. In the case where a pavement is not to be obstructed and scaffolding materials have to be stored on the lowest lift awaiting collection, this lift should be stiffened and fully braced or propped by rakers, using materials recovered from the upper lifts. Components shall not be thrown on the ground; they shall be lowered hand to hand in an orderly fashion or brought down by crane, gin wheel or other suitable means. 7.19 PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMS A. Where a complete guardrail system cannot be implemented, a personal fall arrest system (EN-364) shall be continuously used by anyone on an elevated work area or platform. A personal fall arrest system includes a full body s a f e t y harness (S: 3521, EN: 361), lanyard with shock absorber (EN: 355), substantial anchorage(s), fall arrester (EN: 360, EN: 353-2), possibly a lifeline and safety net. Refer Annexure-VIII. At no time shall Saf et y belt be used as part of a personal fall arrest system. Before each use, the user shall inspect all components of the personal fall arrest system he will be using. Full body harnesses (including D-rings, EN-362), lanyards (including snap hooks, EN-362), lifelines, fall arrester and other components of personal fall arrest systems shall e i t h e r b e B I S o r E N c e r t i f i e d . Safety harness shall be marked with either IS: 3521 or EN-361. When used, personal fall arrest systems shall be attached by lanyard ( E N : 3 5 4 ) to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or overhead structural anchorage capable of supporting 2,000 kilograms. Lanyards shall, if feasible, be tied-off to an anchorage point or lifeline that is high enough (preferably above shoulder height) to prevent the worker from free falling more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) or striking any lower level, should a fall occur. Lanyards shall have a maximum length of 1.8 meters (6 feet). Two or more lanyards may be connected together (hook to eye) provided the total possible free fall distance is not more than 1.8 meters (6 feet). However, self-retracting
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B. C. D.
E.
F.
G.
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lanyards (inertia reels) are preferred for these situations. H. Locking type snap hooks or carabineers with self-closing, self-locking keeper shall be attached to the end of each lanyard to prevent rollout. D-rings and snap hooks shall be compatible to prevent rollout. When lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to fixed safe point(s) of anchorage capable of supporting 2,000 kilograms, shall be independent, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Safe points of anchorage may include structural members, but do not include guardrails, standpipes, vents, other small diameter piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. Horizontal and vertical lifelines shall be made from 10 mm (3/8-inch) min. diameter wire rope. Other materials such as manila, nylon, or polypropylene rope shall not be used as a lifeline. Horizontal lifelines shall be installed at the highest feasible point, preferably above shoulder height. Horizontal lifelines shall be maintained with sag at the centre no greater than 300 mm (12 inches) for every 10 meters (33 feet) of lifeline length between attachment points. Supervision shall ensure continuous monitoring of employees wearing a personal fall arrest system so that prompt assistance is possible in the event of a fall. Personal fall arrest system components shall not be used for any other purpose and shall not be re-used after stopping a fall or if any component has any sign of damage.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
7.20. STORAGE The scaffold materials shall be stored properly, item wise separately. These shall be stacked in rack meant for the purpose, away from cement, lime, mortars, concrete, absorbent building material and damp condition. The scaffold pipes and boards may need inspection time-to-time and cleaning and painting. No painting to be done for timber items. 8. 8.1 TYPE OF SCAFFOLD INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD An independent tied scaffold (also known as double scaffold) is the most common form of access scaffolding, which is classified into three subgroup: Light duty independent tied scaffold Medium duty independent tied scaffold Heavy-duty independent tied scaffold
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Independent scaffold consists of a double row of standards connected together longitudinally with ledgers and with transoms at right angles to the ledgers. Braces and ties are essential for its stability. Refer Figure. 7.1 and 7.2. 8.1.1 LIGHT DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given in Sec. 7. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSION Single working platform shall be in use at any one time and the maximum distributed loading on the platform shall not exceed 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2). Longitudinal distance between standard shall not exceed 9' (2.7 m). For general arrangement of scaffold refer Figure 7.1. c) STANDARDS The inner row of standards shall be placed as close as possible to the face of building or structure. However, to avoid projections in the building or structure, they may be placed 13" to 15" (325 mm-375 mm) away from the wall or structure provided a single board is placed on the transom between the wall/structure and inner standard that should extend to within 2" (50 mm) of the face of the wall or structure. The outer row of standards shall be approximately 3' 4" (1.0 m) from the inner row to allow for four boards. d) LEDGERS Ledgers shall be vertically spaced between 6' to 7' (1.8 to 2.1 m) centres. The first pair of ledger may be up to a maximum height of 8' 6" (2.6 m). e) TRANSOMS Transoms shall be placed on ledgers at 4 (1.2.m) centre for 1" (40 mm) boards. In each bay one transom shall be fixed to, or within 12" (300 mm) of, a standard with a load bearing coupler. f) BRACING Diagonal bracing (or ledger bracing ) at right angles to the structure at alternate pair of standards shall be provided for the full height of scaffold. These braces should be fixed to the ledgers close to the standard with swivel couplers. Longitudinal or facade bracing to the full height of scaffold, spaced not more than 100' (30 m) apart along scaffold length, shall be provided. Refer Figure 7.1. g) TIES To prevent movement of the scaffold either towards or away from the structure, it shall be securely tied to the structure throughout its entire length and height.
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Ties should occur at every alternate lift and not more than 20' (6 m) interval along the scaffold. h) DECKING The working platform between the standards shall not be more than 36" (920 mm) wide, i.e. 4 boards each of 9" (230 mm) width. i) LIMITATION This scaffold can be used up to a maximum height of 200' (60 m). 8.1.2 MEDIUM DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General constructional requirements common to all scaffolds is given in Sec. 7.0. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSION Four working platforms may be used at any one time and maximum distributed load on each platform shall not exceed 37 lb/ft2 (180 kg/m2). Longitudinal distance between standards shall not exceed 7' (2.1 m). This distance may be increased to 8' (2.4 m) if loading is less than 30 lb/ft2 (145 kg/m2). For general arrangement of scaffold refer Figure 7.2. c) STANDARDS The inner row of standards shall be placed as close as possible to the face of building or structure. However to avoid projections in the building or structure, they may be placed 13" to 15" (325 mm - 375 mm) away from the wall or structure provided a single board is placed on the transom that should extend to within 2" (50 mm) of the face of the wall or structure. The outer row of standards shall be approximately 3' 4" (1.0 m) from the inner row to allow for four boards or 4' 1" (1.24 m) for five boards with no inside board. d) LEDGERS Ledgers shall be vertically spaced between 6' to 7' (1.8 to 2.1 m) centres. The first pair of ledger may be up to a maximum height of 8' 6" (2.6 m). e) TRANSOMS Transoms shall be placed on ledgers at 4' (1.2 m) centre for 1 " (40 mm) boards. In each bay one transom shall be fixed to, or within 12" (300 mm) of, a standard with a load bearing coupler. f) BRACING
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Diagonal bracing (or ledger bracing) at right angle to the structure at alternate pair of standards shall be provided for the full height of scaffold. These braces should be fixed to the ledgers close to the standards with right angle couplers or to the standards with swivel couplers. Longitudinal or facade bracing to the full height of scaffold spaced not more than 100' (30 m) apart along scaffold length, shall be provided. g) TIES To prevent movement of the scaffold either towards or away from the structure, it should be securely tied to the structure throughout its entire length and height. Ties should occur at every other lift and not more than 20' ( 6 m) interval along the scaffold. h) DECKING The working platforms between standards shall not be more than 3' 9" (1150 mm) wide i.e. five boards. One of these boards may be placed between inner row of standard and the building or structure. i) LIMITATIONS This scaffold can be used up to a maximum height of 150' (45 m). 8.1.3 HEAVY DUTY INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given in Sec. 7. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS Maximum two working platforms shall be used at any one time and maximum distributed loading on each platform shall not exceed 60 lb/ft2 (290 kg/m2). Two additional platforms can be used for light duty access at a loading of 37 lb/ft2 (80 kg/m2) on each platform. Longitudinal distance between standard shall not exceed 6' (1.8 m). For general arrangement of scaffold refer Fig.7.2. c) STANDARDS The inner row of standards shall be placed as close as possible to the face of building or structure. However to avoid projections in the building or structure, they may be placed 13" to 15" (325 mm 375 mm) away from the wall or structure provided a single board is placed on the transom that shall extend to within 2" (50 mm) of the face of the wall or structure. The outer row of standards shall be approximately 4' 1" (1.24 m) from the inner row to allow for five boards or 4' 10" (1.47m) for six boards with no inside boards. d) LEDGER
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The vertical distance between each ledger or the first ledger and the base level on which standards are pitched (ground level ) shall not exceed 6' 6" (1.98 m). e) TRANSOMS Transoms shall be placed on ledgers at 4' (1.2 m) centre for 1" (40 mm) boards. In each bay one transom shall be fixed to, or within 12" (300 mm) of, a standard with a load bearing coupler. f) BRACING Diagonal bracing (for ledger bracing) at right angle to the structure at alternate pair of standards shall be provided for the full height of scaffold. These braces should be fixed to the ledgers close to the standards with right angle couplers or to the standards with swivel couplers. Longitudinal or facade bracing to the full height of scaffold, spaced not more than 100' (30 m) apart along scaffold length, shall be provided. g) TIES To prevent movement of the scaffold either towards or away from the structure, it shall be securely tied to the structure throughout its entire length and height. Ties should occur at every other lift and not more than 20' (6 m) interval along the scaffold. h) DECKING The working platforms between standards shall not be more than 3' 9" (1150 mm) wide i.e. five boards and not more than 4' 6" (1380 m) i.e. six boards. One of these boards may be placed between inner row of standard and the building or structure. i) LIMITATIONS This scaffold can be used up to a maximum height of 150' (40 m). 8.2 MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLD A mobile tower scaffold consists of four or more standards connected together longitudinally with ledgers and with transoms at right angle to the ledger, forming a square or rectangular tower mounted on wheels. It has single working platform and is a common form of access scaffolding for painters and others who do work of a light nature and of short duration. Refer Figure 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6. a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all Scaffolds are given in Sec. 7.0. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS
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A mobile tower scaffold shall only have single working platform and the maximum distributed load (in addition to its own weight and the weight of the boards) shall be 30 lb/ft2 (145 kg/m2). The height from floor or base of the tower to working platform of a mobile tower scaffold shall not exceed three times the minimum base dimension. In no case shall the minimum base dimensions be less than 4' (1.2 m) or more than 9 (2.74 m) c) FOUNDATION A mobile tower scaffold shall only be used and moved on surfaces sufficiently firm and levelled to avoid instability. d) STANDARDS Joints in standards shall be made with end-to-end or parallel couplers. e) LEDGERS AND TRANSOMS The vertical spacing of ledgers and transoms shall not exceed 9' (2.74 m) or be greater than the minimum base dimension of the tower. The lowest ledgers and transoms shall be as near to the wheels as possible. Ledgers and transoms shall be secured to the standards by load-bearing couplers. f) TIES/ RAKER Normally mobile scaffolds are not tied, as it affects the mobility of tower. However if tie/ raker is used the height can be further increased. Towers more than 32' (10 m) in height should be adequately tied to a building or structure. Where tying in to a building or structure is impracticable, rakers or guy wires at a slope of approximately 45 degrees connected to the tower at high level shall be used. The strength of the guy wires shall be calculated giving due regard to the horizontal wind force and other known forces which will be applied to the tower. g) DECKING The single working platform of a mobile tower scaffold shall not project beyond the base area. h) ACCESS Provision of access using ladder should be from inside the structure. Where the means of access to the working platform is outside the structure, due consideration shall be given to the effect of such access on the stability of the tower.
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i)
OPERATION Mobile tower scaffolds shall only be moved by pushing or pulling at the base. Force shall not be applied at a height greater than 4' 6" (1.37 m) above the floor level or base. No persons, equipment or materials shall be on the working platform or elsewhere on the structure whilst it is in motion. The wheel brakes shall be applied when the tower is in use.
k)
LIMITATIONS Mobile tower scaffolds erected and used in accordance with the foregoing direction, supported on four wheels and with not more than one working platform in use, may be used up to a maximum height of 40' (12 m). Mobile tower scaffolds departing from these directions shall be specially designed by a competent and qualified engineer.
8.3
BIRDCAGE SCAFFOLD Birdcage scaffold is a general term applied to scaffolding erected in block form, and has a wide application. In its simplest form it is used for general access to ceilings and walls for light work. Generally scaffold consists of an arrangement of standards with ledgers and transoms supporting a closely boarded platform at the required level. Refer Figure 7.7.
a)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given in Sec. 7.0.
b)
DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS A birdcage scaffold shall only have a single working platform (closely boarded standards over the whole working area) in use at one time. The maximum loading on this platform shall not exceed 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2).
c)
STANDARDS Standards shall be set in rows at not more than 8' (2.438 m) centres.
d)
LEDGERS The ledger for the first lift may be fixed up to maximum height of 8' 6" (2.6 m) and the subsequent lifts should be between 6' 6" (1.98 m) and 8' (2.42 m) centres.
e)
TRANSOMS Transoms on all lifts except the top lift shall be secured to the standards with load-bearing couplers.
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Transoms on the top lift and other working lifts for access to the walls may be secured to the ledger with right-angle of putlog couplers. These transoms should be at not more than 4' (1.2 m) centres and in each bay one shall be secured to, or within 12" (300 mm) of, a standard. f) BRACING Adequate diagonal bracing for the full height of the scaffold and at least to each corner of the structure in both directions shall be required to ensure stability. g) TIES All birdcage scaffolds be securely tied to surrounding walls throughout their length and height. Ties shall be affected by extending alternate ledgers and transoms on alternate lifts to bear against existing walls, or inserting separate tubes at the same intervals, and these shall be connected to the standards with load-bearing couplers. The ends of the tubes shall be packed where necessary to prevent damage to walls. Only load-bearing couplers shall be used for securing ties. h) DECKING The working platform shall be close-boarded over the whole working area. Where intermediate platforms are required for access to walls, decking, guardrails, toe boards, etc. shall be provided similar to that of light duty Independent Tied Scaffold (Refer Sec. 8.1.1). i) GUARDRAILS AND TOEBOARDS Unless the working platform ends within 6" (150 mm) of surrounding walls, guardrails and toe boards shall be provided. k) LIMITATION Birdcage scaffold erected in accordance with the foregoing directions with not more than one working platform, may be used up to a maximum height of 200' (60 m) provided the scaffold is not subjected to wind or other external forces. 8.4 TRUSS SCAFFOLD A truss (also known as cantilever or jib) scaffold is cantilevered out from a building or structure and used where it is impracticable to erect standards bearing on the ground or other surface. It is a form of light independent tied scaffold, which is entirely dependent upon the building or structure for support and stability. Refer Figure7.8. a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given in Sec. 7.0.
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b)
DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS Design, loading and dimensions shall be similar to that of a light independent tied scaffold with spacing and loading as specified in Sec. 8.1.1.b.
c)
FOUNDATION Before erection work begins, the building or structure shall be carefully examined to ensure that it is structurally sound enough to take the stresses involved in anchoring the scaffold.
d)
INSIDE ANCHORAGE The inside anchorage shall be wedged between two adjacent floors or horizontal members of a building or structure by the use of adjustable base plates or reveal pins with timber sole plates and head plates. Sole plates and head plates shall run at right angles to floor and ceiling joints. Puncheons should be spaced at 4' 6" to 5' 6" (1.37 m to 1.524 m) centres and generally the spacing of the rows shall be 4' 6" (1.37 m).
e)
CANTILEVER TUBES Cantilever tubes (also known as needles and sometimes as transoms) shall be secured to the puncheons at right angles with load-bearing couplers and extend through an opening in the building or structure to support an independent tied scaffold on the outside. Two-way ties shall be secured to the cantilever tubes on either side of the opening with load-bearing couplers.
f)
LEDGERS Inner and outer ledgers shall be secured to the tops of the cantilever tubes with load-bearing couplers.
g)
RAKERS Rakers (One for every standard) shall be secured to an outside ledger above the opening and to an inside ledger at a lower level. The base of the raker shall bear (through a timber packing) on to a surface inside the building or structure, or on a ledger outside. Junctions between rakers and ledgers shall be secured with load-bearing couplers. The angle of rakers shall not be greater than 35 degrees from the vertical. Rakers more than 10' (3.0 m) in length shall be braced.
h)
STANDARDS Standards shall be secured to the ledgers as close as possible and to rakers with load bearing couplers. The junctions shall be reinforced with check couplers.
i)
BRACING
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It is not always necessary for bracing to be fixed on the inside anchorage but where it is required it should be fixed with right angle or swivel couplers. No raker shall be longer than 10' (3.0 m). k) FITTINGS Diagonal braces may be secured to puncheons and standards with swivel couplers. Intermediate transoms used to support the working platform may be secured to ledgers with putlog couplers. All other fittings including those used on rakers, shall be load-bearing type. Check couplers shall be used immediately above junctions between standards and ledgers and immediately below junctions between rakers and ledgers. Joints in braces shall be avoided where possible. If joints are necessary, parallel couplers shall be use. All other joints in tubing on truss scaffold shall be made with end-to-end couplers. l) TIES It is essential that a truss scaffold be securely tied to the building or structure with two-way, through or column box ties. Ties shall be positioned at every alternate lift at not more than 20' (6.09 m) centres. Reveal ties shall not be used. m) LIMITATIONS Truss scaffolds erected in accordance with the foregoing directions, with not more than one working platform, may be used up to a maximum height of 40' (12.19 m) from truss to working platform. 8.5 INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD An independent scaffold is used to raise a working platform to the required height like Independent Tied Scaffold where providing ties with the structure for stability is not possible. Independent scaffold shall be erected in accordance with Sec.7.0. construction common to all scaffolds and Sec. 8.1, Independent Tied Scaffold. Unlike Independent Tied Scaffold, Independent Scaffold is not tied to the structure for stability and therefore height of independent scaffold shall not be more than 3 times its minimum base dimensions. Refer Figure.7.9. 8.6 TRESTLE SCAFFOLD Trestle scaffold as a term applied to a working platform supported by trestles, split heads, folding steps, ladder, tripods or similar movable contrivances. a) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS
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A trestle scaffold shall only have a single working platform in use at one time. It is recommended that the maximum loading on the platform shall not exceed 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2). b) FOUNDATION A trestle scaffold shall only be erected on a firm level surface with each stile or foot properly supported. c) c-1) TRESTLES PAINTER'S FOLDING TRESTLES Hinges shall be checked to ensure that they are not broken, rusty or loose. Hinges should be of the self-locking type, which limits the angle to which the trestles can be opened (The angle of opening shall be 30 degree to 40 degree for aluminium and 24 degree to thirty six degree for timber). Timber trestles shall be checked to ensure that they are not cracked or split, that cross bearers are through tenoned and double-wedged, and that check blocks and tie rods are fitted (four on trestles up to 10' (3.05 m) and six on trestles over 10'). Timber trestles should not be painted for visibility of defects. c-2) STEEL EXTENDING TRESTLES Trestles shall be checked to ensure that they are not twisted or damaged and that all four feet rest evenly on the ground. Adjustable cross-bars must be supported by purpose-made steel fixing pins which should be chained to the trestle to prevent loss. d) d-1) DECKING PAINTER'S FOLDING TRESTLES Working platforms shall consist of at least two 9" (370 mm) scaffold boards placed side by side spanning horizontally between the trestles. Cross-bearers supporting the boards shall be not more than 5' (1.520 m) apart for 1" (40 mm) boards and not more than 8' 6" (2.590 m) apart for 2" (51 mm) thick boards. d-2) STEEL EXTENDING TRESTLES Working platforms are normally four or five boards wide and shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 7.4. e) GUARDRAILS AND TOEBOARDS Guardrails and toe boards are not required on scaffolds, which are supported by folding trestles, split heads or similar devices, up to a height of 15' (4.572 m). f) LIMITATIONS
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Trestle scaffolds erected in accordance with the foregoing directions, with not more than one working platform, may be used up to a maximum height of 15' (4.572 m) from base to working platform. It shall be so located that a person working on the platform would not be liable to fall more than 15' (4.572 m). 8.7 SYSTEM SCAFFOLDING System scaffolding is also known as unit or frame scaffolding and is composed wholly or partly of prefabricated section. There are many types of system scaffolding available which vary greatly in design and method of erection. In spite of this wide variation the same basic principles described in Sec. 7.0. shall be applicable in this type also. It shall be erected by competent and experienced workmen. Care shall be taken that it is erected on a sound base with standards (or equivalent units) vertical and ledgers (or equivalent units) horizontal. It should be adequately braced and securely tied. Refer Figure 7.10 & 7.11. 8.8 SLUNG SCAFFOLD A slung scaffold is suspended by wire ropes or chains from roof or other structural members where scaffolding from the ground is impracticable. Generally, it is used for painting and other work of a light nature. a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given in Sec. 7. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS A slung scaffold shall only have a single working platform and the maximum distributed loading on the platform shall be taken as 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2) with ledgers at 8' (2.438 m) centres and 24.5 lb/ft2 (120 kg/m2) with ledgers at 6' 6" (1.981 m) centres. c) SUSPENSION Working platforms may be suspended by chains, but wire ropes are more commonly used. Wire ropes should be at least 3.8" (9 mm) in diameter and conform to BS 302 (Steel Wire Ropes). The " or 3 1/8" scaffold lashing must not be used as a means of suspension. Wire ropes or chains shall be vertical and secured to ledgers as close as possible to transoms. Wire ropes should be secured by two full round turns and three bulldog grips (care being taken to ensure that the bulldog grips are fitted correctly). Chains shall be secured by shackles. Where wire ropes pass round a sharp edged member, packing shall be provided to avoid high point loads and to prevent chafing. A working platform shall have at least six suspension points, evenly spaced, and kept taut. The
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weight supported by a single wire rope shall not be greater than the safe working load of the rope or of the member to which the rope is attached. d) LEDGERS Ledgers shall span the suspension points and be spaced at 6'6" (1.980 m) centres. e) TRANSOMS Transoms shall be secured on top of ledgers with load-bearing or putlog couplers at centres not exceeding 4' (1. 219 m). f) DECKING The working platform shall be close boarded over the whole working area and boards secured to prevent displacement. Work stages may be used as decking. g) GUARDRAIL AND TOEBOARDS Guardrails and toe boards shall be fitted at edges from which persons could fall a distance of more than 6' 6" (1.980 m). For exceptions see below. Guardrails and toe boards are not needed on a platform suspended from roof members or a roof and used only for light work of short duration if there is adequate handhold at every working position and all material needed can be used safely in the absence of guardrails and toe boards. h) TIES The stability of the platform shall be ensured by securing adequate and suitable guy lines between the platform and suitable anchorage points. Guy lines shall be as near horizontal as possible and kept taut. i) LIMITATIONS Slung scaffolds erected in accordance with the forgoing directions may be used with single working platforms up to 8' by 8' (2. 438 m by 2.438 m) in area with men and materials spread evenly over the platform. Slung scaffolds departing from these directions, and those required for point loading, shall be specially designed. 8.9 DROP SCAFFOLD A drop scaffold is suspended by scaffold tubes from a roof, roof members, or other structural members where scaffolding from below is impracticable. Generally it is used for painting and other works of light nature. Refer Figure 7.13. a) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
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General construction requirements common to all scaffolds are given is Sec. 7. b) DESIGN, LOADING AND DIMENSIONS Design, loading and dimensions for the type of drop scaffold shall be same as light independent tied scaffold with spacing and loading as specified in Section 8.1.1. Design, loading and dimensions for the type of drop scaffold shall be same as that of slung scaffold with spacing and loading as specified in Section 8.8. c) SUSPENSION The outriggers on the type of drop scaffold shall be constructed of unit beams or tube and fittings. Counterweights shall be securely fixed to the scaffolding and have a safety factor of three to one with the weight of the scaffolding, men and materials being taken into account. For drop scaffold, check couplers shall be employed at the tops and bottoms of suspension tubes. Wherever possible vertical suspension tubes shall be in one length. Where joints are necessary the tubes shall be single lapped using at least two couplers or shall be butted and lapped with a short length of tube. In the latter case, there shall be at least two couplers on each side of the lap. d) LEDGERS, TRANSOMS, DECKING, GUARDRAILS & TOEBOARDS, TIES & LIMITATIONS For drop scaffold the requirements shall be same as that of a Light Independent Tied Scaffold. Refer Section 8.1.1. 8.10 BRACKET (TANK BUILDERS) SCAFFOLD A scaffold supported by bracket straps welded to the tank wall. Upright brackets are hooked to the straps.
8.10.1Brackets and Straps

a) Brackets and bracket straps shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and this standard, using the minimum dimensions shown in Figure 7.12. Bracket scaffolds shall only be used to support a Light-duty loading of 73 kg / sq.m. Brackets, bracket straps and other associated structural members shall be free from detrimental corrosion, damage, or defects. Bracket straps, welded to the tank wall, shall be at least 250 mm (10 inches) wide x 75 mm (3 inches) high x 10 mm (3/8-inch) thick, with bends at the centre for inserting brackets. The gap created by the bent section of the bracket
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b) c) d)
35
strap must be compatible in size with the bracket to be inserted, with a 3 mm (1/8-inch) maximum clearance on the front or back faces. e) Bracket straps shall be welded to the tank shell for a length of at least 150 mm (6 inches) along the top edge of the strap (two 75 mm welds min.) and down 25 mm (1 inch) along each side of the strap, with a 5 mm (3/16 inch) fillet weld. No weld is required along the bottom edge of the bracket straps. Refer Figure 7.12. If 38 mm (1-1/2 inch) thick wood planks or equivalent steel boards are used, the maximum circumferential distance between brackets shall not be more than 1.5 meters (5 feet) on centre. Brackets shall be installed vertically. Only certified welders shall weld bracket straps to the tank wall. Prior to welding on any tank, approval of welding procedures and verification of tank integrity is required from the Inspection Dept. of Refinery. Prior to attaching the bracket, completed bracket strap welds shall be inspected and approved by a welding inspector who is certified by Inspection Dept. Brackets shall be inspected prior to installation by scaffold craftsmen and prior to each use by scaffold users. Damaged or defective brackets shall be removed from service.
f)
g) h) i) j)
k)
8.10.2Guardrails and Platforms for Bracket Scaffolds

a) b) c) A continuous guardrail system shall be provided along the outside platform edge. A guardrail system shall be provided on the inside platform edge wherever the gap between the platform and the tank exceeds 360 mm (14 inches). Guardrails for bracket scaffolds shall be constructed using either wire rope or steel tubing. Wire rope guardrails shall be 10 mm (3/8-inch) diameter and shall be securely fixed and kept tight i.e., by the use of turnbuckles. Steel tubing shall meet the capacity requirements and there shall be no end-to-end connections occurring anywhere but at the guardrail support uprights. Guardrail support uprights shall be made of scaffold grade tubing or structural angles. Preferably, these uprights shall be permanently welded to the brackets. However, an acceptable alternative is for each upright to be firmly secured into a 150 mm (6-inch) minimum high sleeve or spigot pin, either of which is welded to the bracket. Guardrails and support uprights that are certified to meet OSHA 1925.450, Appendix A, Section 1(d) shall be used for bracket scaffolds. Guardrail support uprights shall be constructed to such that the top rail is at least
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d)
e) f)
36
0.95 meter (38 inches) and not more than 1.15 meters (45 inches) above the walking surface. g) In addition to wearing hardhats, each person shall be provided with additional protection from falling objects through one or more of the following means: h) i) j) k) l) 9. barricading the area below into which objects can fall and not permitting workers to enter the hazard area, or installing toe boards with or without screens, or erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures sufficient to catch falling objects.
Toe boards, where used, shall be installed as per Section 7.7. Toe boards shall not be nailed into scaffold planks. All working levels shall be fully planked. Working levels shall be at least 2 planks but not more 3 planks wide. Planks shall overlap in one direction only and the minimum overlap shall be 230 mm (9 inches). Platform units and planks shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent movement. The area below bracket scaffolds shall be barricaded and warning signs posted. PORTABLE/ MOBILE LADDERS The purpose of ladder in a scaffold shall provide safe access for and exit from a scaffold work platform and, not to carry out work at height. Metal ladder shall be either of steel complying with IS1977 or aluminium alloy, comply with the suitable grade confirming to IS 617. Aluminium ladders and steps confirming to BS 2037 shall also be used. The safety of ladders depends upon three important factors: * * * The selection of the right ladder for the job to be done. The condition of the ladder. The safe use of the ladder. SELECTION A ladder shall be of the proper length for the job to be done. If it is used as a means of access or as a working place it shall rise to a height of at least 3' 6" (1.07 m) above the landing place or above the highest rung to be reached by the feet of the person using the ladder.
9.1 a)
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b)
Metal ladders, wooden ladders with metal reinforced stiles, and ladders, which are wet, shall not be used near electrical equipment with exposed live conductors. Ladder shall have uniform spaced rungs (all rungs shall be the same distance apart), at a gap of 300 mm (12 inches) on centre. Minimum distance between stiles of a straight ladder , or any section of an extension ladder, shall be 300 mm (12 inches), except for tripod ladder. Ladders shall be examined for i) cracked, damaged, buckled, warped or split stiles ii) missing, broken, loose, decayed or damaged rungs, and splinters iii) bent or missing hinges Iv) shoe in feet, feet free from oily materials iv) any other damage that hinders safe use of ladder. No defective ladder shall be used. No painted ladder shall be used as this may hide the defect. Refer Figure 6.1.
c) d)
e)
f) 9.2 a.
No one shall use makeshift or homemade ladders or carry out makeshift repairs to a damaged ladder. POSITION / USE All portable ladders shall be subjected to pre-use check after selection and certified before being put to use. The base supports of stiles of all ladders equally supported on a firm level surface. Boxes, blocks, barrels etc. shall not be used as a means of support. Where a ladder is carried single-handed, the front end should be kept high enough to clear person's heads and special care taken at corners and blind sports. The stiles of a ladder shall be equally supported on a firm level surface. Boxes, bricks, barrels, etc., shall not be used as a means of support and under no circumstances shall wedges or other loose material be used as packing. Ladders shall not be supported on their rungs and rungs shall not be used to support scaffold boards. The bottom rung of the ladder shall not be more than 600mm (2 feet) above the lower level used to mount the ladder. The area at the base of a ladder shall be kept clear.
b.
c.
d. e. f.
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g.
Ladders shall be set 1' (300 mm) out of each 4' (1.210 m) of height, i.e. at an angle of 75 degrees to the horizontal. Refer Fig.6.2. Or straight ladders and extension ladders may be supported vertically if both stiles of ladder are rigidly attached to a supporting structure at the top, middle and bottom of ladder, as is done for mobile scaffold. Ladder shall have clear perpendicular distance of 760 mm (30 inches) from the rungs to the nearest projecting object on the climbing side. When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum clearance distance may be reduced to 24 inches if deflector plates are provided. The perpendicular distance from face of the rung on the climbing side to the nearest fixed object on the backside of the ladder shall not be less than 10 inches. The minimum clearance to the nearest to the nearest fixed object shall be 13 inches on each side of the centreline of single-rung ladder. Ladders shall be set with metal reinforcing on the underside of rungs, and where reinforcing is provided on one side of stiles, that too shall be on the underside. Where extension ladders are used fully extended, the minimum overlap of sections shall be four rungs. Splicing or lashing ladders together to obtain an extension shall not be permitted. Both stiles of a ladder shall be evenly supported at the upper resting place and securely lashed to prevent any movement. Where lashing at the upper resting place is impossible, measure must be taken to prevent movement of the ladder, by stationing a man at the foot but it must be borne in mind that a man stationed at the foot can only be expected to control a ladder up to 20' (6.10 m) in height. For proper lashing of ladder refer Fig.6.3. Where there is a possibility of a ladder being struck by moving vehicles or plant, a man should be placed on guard or space at the base of the ladder fenced off. Similarly if a ladder is erected close to a door, the door should be locked shut or secured in the open position with a man on guard. Ladder landing places or platforms are required at every 30' (9.140 m) of height and shall be provided with guardrails and toe boards. Holes in platforms through which ladders pass shall be as small as practicable. Do not spice, lash or tie ladders or ladder sections together. Tools and materials should not be carried by persons ascending or descending ladders except that tools may be carried in pockets or special belts, provided they do not impair movement.
h.
i.
j. k.
l.
m. n.
o.
p.
q. r.
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s.
A person working on or from a ladder must always have both feet on the rungs and a secure handhold. If the work to be done necessitates the use of both hands, safety harness should be used. Only one person should be on a ladder at a time. Before climbing a ladder, workers shall check that their safety shoes and the ladder are free from grease, oil and mud. Rope grab fall arrester should be used while ascending/ descending ladder. Use personal fall arrest system (Safety harness with lanyard and shock absorber, fall arresters etc.) for working on ladder beyond 1.8 M. Work requiring lifting of heavy materials or substantial extension shall not be done from ladder. Ladders shall not be moved, shifted or extended while occupied. While climbing or descending, workers shall face the ladder and keep both hands on the ladder. Ladder shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms, walkways or scaffolds. For further details on Ladder Safety Please refer standard on Work At Height.
t. u.
v. w. x. y.
10. 0 TEMPORARY STAIRWAYS a) b) Stairways that are not be a permanent part of the structure on which construction work is being performed shall be at least 22 inches wide. Temporary stairways shall have landings at not more than every 12 feet of vertical rise. Such landings shall be at least 30 inches long, in the direction of travel, and be at least 22 inches wide. A guardrail system (such as guard rail, mid rail & toe board) shall be installed on open sides and edges of landings where a person could fall 6 feet or more. Temporary stairways shall be installed between 30 degrees and 50 degrees above the horizontal. A stair slope of between 30 and 35 degrees is preferred. For temporary stairways, riser heights shall not exceed 8 inches or be less than 6 inches. Tread depths shall not exceed 11 inches or be less than 9 inches. Riser height and tread depth shall be uniform within each flight of stairs, including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs. In any stairway system, variations in riser height and tread depth shall not be over 6 mm (-inch). Treads for temporary stairways shall be made of wood or other solid
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c)
d)
e) f)
g)
40
material, and shall be installed the full width of the stair. h) Temporary stairways having four or more risers, or rising more than 30 inches in height, whichever is less, shall have a sloping handrail and mid rail system on all open sides, or one (1) handrail on enclosed stairways on the right side descending. The height of handrails for temporary stairways shall be 34 to 37 from the upper surface of the handrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. Mid rails shall be located at a height midway between the handrail and the stairway steps. Handrails shall provide an adequate handhold for workers grasping them to avoid falling. A minimum clearance of 3 inches shall be provided between the handrail and wall or other object. Handrails and the top rail of stair guardrail systems shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 90 kg (200 pounds) applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the handrail or top rail. Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, a platform shall be provided, and the swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than 20 inches. All parts of stairways shall be free of hazardous projections, such as protruding nails or protruding handrails. Stairs shall not be used if found wet and/ or slippery. Spiral stairways are not permitted. TRAINING Training to scaffold supervisors, certifying engineer, scaffold erectors and employees working at height is a mandatory requirement. No one should work with scaffold, unless exposed to specialised training on Scaffold Safety. For above, training shall be imparted once in 2 years and record shall be maintained. For scaffold supervisor (contractor supervisor) and certifying engineer the course shall be at least of 1 day duration, for scaffold erecter day and for persons working on scaffold one class of 2 hours. The course content of training shall be as follows: a) COURSE CONTENT FOR SCAFFOLD SUPERVISORS AND CERTIFYING ENGINEERS: Risk assessment for working at height. Scaffold terminology Scaffold standard, safe erection, dismantling of scaffold. Erection of safe work platform for scaffold General safety requirement, common to all scaffolds Type of scaffold, advantage and limitation and safety features including safe access to work platform. Guard rail system, collective fall protection and personal fall protection system with advantage and limitation.
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i)
j)
k)
l)
m) n) o) 11.
41
b) c) 12.
Selection, positioning, Inspection and use of portable ladder Pre erection checklist, checklist and certification of scaffold, scaffold medical certificate and Permit for working at height. Demonstration on Sample scaffold at site. Hands on exercise for use of Safety harness and different type of fall arresters. Advantage and limitation of PPE. COURSE CONTENT FOR SCAFFOLD ERECTERS: Hazards and risk during erection and dismantling of scaffold Safe erection, dismantling of scaffold. Erection of safe work platform for scaffold Type of scaffolds and their safety features including safe access to work platform. Use of various fittings in scaffold, including their maintenance. Important dos and Donts. Guard rail system, collective fall protection and personal fall protection system with advantage and limitation Selection and positioning of portable ladder Demonstration on Sample scaffold at site. Hands on exercise for use of Safety harness and different type of fall arresters. Advantage and limitation of PPE. COURSE CONTENT FOR PERSONS WORKING ON SCAFFOLD: Hazards and risk while working on scaffold Important dos and Donts. Guard rail system, collective fall protection and personal fall protection system with advantage and limitation Safe use of portable ladder Demonstration on Sample scaffold at site. Hands on exercise for use of Safety harness and different type of fall arresters. Advantage and limitation of PPE. AUDIT OF SCAFFOLDS AND SYSTEM FOR WORK AT HEIGHT The audit of scaffold and their system and procedures shall be carried out by a multi disciplinary team constituted by refinery management at least once in a year. The team may consist of members from Maintenance departments/ project dept./ E.S dept., Fire & Safety and Inspection Dept. At least one of them should have thorough knowledge of scaffolds, their system and procedure. The team must cover a shut down unit also. The checkpoint for audit shall include following:
Site visit and condition of scaffolds erected at site Visit of storage for scaffold materials to check condition of storage and materials Check for compliance of pre erection check for scaffold, Scaffold inspection, medical certification and working at height permit. Training content for various categories of refinery as well as contractor employees, training record, interview of trained persons to know the effectiveness of training Check for condition of PPE for Fall Protection.
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13.
REFERENCE IS: 2482, IS: 1139, IS: 3629, IS: 4014 (Part I & II), IS: 3696 (Part-1&2), IS: 2750 BS: 1139, BS: 2482, BS: 5973 ANSI A 10.8 ANSI A 14.1 TO 14.5 ANSI Z 359.1 OSHA 1926, 450 to 452 OSHA 1926, 454 OSHA 1910.28 & 29 OSHA 1910, 159 OSHA 3150
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ANNEXURE-I Format No. IOCL/Name of Refinery/WH/03
PRE ERECTION CHECKLIST FOR SCAFFOLDS

(To be filled up and complied before erection of scaffold at site, before giving permit to start the erection)
Sl. No. .
...Refinery Type of scaffold to be erected : Independent scaffold Independent tied scaffold Mobile scaffold Quick fix scaffold Birdcage scaffold Truss scaffold System scaffold Slung scaffold Drop scaffold Any other (specify)
A. Exact location of work: (Unit/ Area/ Equipment No.) .. B. Description of work to be performed. C. Expected date and time to start erection Expected date of completion D. Maximum No. of persons allowed on scaffold after erection :
E. Associated Permit : Hot Work / Vehicle entry Permit Cold Work Permit Confined Space Entry Permit Radiography Permit Excavation Permit Electrical isolation/ Energisation Permit Working at height Permit F. For the scaffold sufficient quantity of materials are available at site: S.N. Items Yes No Not S.N. Items Yes No Not Required Required 1. Scaffold pipes* 2. Scaffold couplers * X X 3. Deck boards* 4. Base plate* X 5. Sole plate 6. Toe board# 7. Reveal pin 8. Standard aluminum ladder (as per IS/ BS)# 9. Mettle Wire to fix 10. Tags (RED & X ladder # GREEN)* 11. Toe board clip # 12. Joint pin 12. Approved full body 13. Double fork type safety harness with lanyard with energy lanyard/ life line ** absorber## 14. Fall arrester 15. Safety Net
*- Compulsory for all scaffolds, used for working at height by persons. # Compulsory for scaffold of height 1.8 M and above. ## Compulsory during scaffold erection, repair, modification & dismantling and also when ladder is not in use. ** Compulsory for 2 M and above.
F. Name of trained scaffold erectors (Training validity- 1 years)
S.N. 1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
Name
Trained on
S.N. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10.
Name
Trained on
G. Name of trained scaffold supervisor (Training validity- 1 years) : 1... 2..
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H. Quality of scaffold materials available at site: S.N. Items Yes 1. Are scaffold tubes not damaged/ deformed? * 3. Is couplers suitable type and free from defects? 5. Are standard metal wires available for tying ladder?
*- Refer drawing no. **- Refer drawing no. Name and designation of site engineer / E-I-C:
No
S.N. 2. 4. 6.
Items Are scaffold boards / sole plates damaged/deformed? ** Are base plates free from defects? Are Standard alluminium ladder (s) free from defects, deformity and temporary repairs.
Signature with date
Yes
No
I. Safety check by issuer :
S.N. 1.
Items Area inspected for erection of scaffold and found surface consolidated/ hardened Are other PPE such as fall arrester available? is 100% safety briefing given by Site engineer before start of work? Are warning signs, barricading tapes available at site?
Yes
No
Not Required
S.N. 2.
Items is safety harness (s) with lanyards available and in good condition? Is Safety net available? Are scaffold materials properly stacked at site, without obstruction approach routs? is medical certificate for persons working at a height of 2M and above available?
Yes
No
Not Required
X
4. 6.
3. 5.
X
7.
7.
ISSUER (GSI)
RECEIVER/EXECUTER (Site engineer)
Date..Time . Signature: Name..Designation..
Date..Time . Signature: Name..Designation..
IMPORTANT NOTES: -This pre erection checklist shall be filled up by executer and issuer before start erection of each scaffold. -Pre-erection checklist shall be filled by E-I-C in duplicate and submit to issuer for further check. On further check by issuer, the executer shall comply with all requirements as mentioned in checklist and sign the checklist. - Duplicate copy shall be returned to issuer after compliance, whereas original shall be retained by executer.
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Annexure-II Format No. IOCL/Name of Refinery/SS/02
________ REFINERY
CHECK LIST FOR SCAFFOLD
UNIT LOCATION/ EQUIPMENT DATE/ INSPECTED TYPE OF SCAFFOLD ERECTERED BY
Item Foundation Standards
Ledgers
Transoms
Bracing Ties Fittings
Ladders
Guardrails
Checkpoint Firm and even Vertical Staggered joints Right spacing Not damaged Level Staggered joints Not loose Not damaged Right spacing Not loose Right support None missing Not loose Right fitting Not damaged Check couplers Proper angle Right length Properly secured Separate landing Right extension Right height Right length None missing
Condition
Comments
Action
Toe-boards Others General Comments

Contractors Supervisor/ Engineer Name Signature Date & Time Scaffold shall be rechecked at a interval not exceeding seven days o just after any modification and repair or alteration and also after any adverse weather condition. Above signatories must approve any change made to the scaffold after signing this check list.
Maintenance Engineer/ Civil/ Mechanical/ Instrument Engr.
46
ANNEXURE-III
TAGS TO CERTIFY SCAFFOLDS:
RED TAG
GREEN TAG
RED TAG (146mm X 80 mm X 1mm-thickness);- To be displayed by scaffold supervisor after filling up the information on tag for all incomplete scaffold, scaffold under repair, alteration , inspection, due for certification etc. Not fit for use. GREEN TAG (146mm X 80 mm X 1mm-thickness);- To be displayed after filling up information and signing on tag. Display of tag indicates that scaffolds is Fit for use.
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ANNEXURE-IV
SCAFFOLD PIPES, BOARDS AND FITTINGS
Fig. 4.1: Scaffold Pipe
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Fig. 4.2 Scaffold Fittings
Fig.4.3: Fixed Base plate (6 X 6)

Fig.4.4: Adjustable Base Plate

2
Fig.4.5: Swivel Coupler and Sleeve Coupler
Fig.4.7: Sleeve/ End-to-End Coupler
Fig 4.6: Swivel Coupler
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Fig.4.9: Right Angle (Double) Coupler
Fig.4.8: Putlog Coupler
Fig. 4.10: Joint Pin
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Standard
Double Coupler
Spigot Spigot Pin RING TYPE GIN WHEEL
Standard Mousing
HOOK TYPE GIN WHEEL
Fig.4.11: Bolted Spigot
Fig.4.12: Gin Wheel
Fig.4.13: Reveal Pin

Laminated Veneer Plank
Solid Sawn Wood Plank
Fabricated Scaffold Deck
Fabricated Scaffold Plank
Metal Scaffold Plank
Fig.4.14 Scaffold Platform Unit
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ANNEXURE-V
SAFE ERECTION OF SCAFFOLDS:
5.1
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BOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
LEDGERS LEDGER OR TRANSOM INSTALLED INSIDE STANDARD
(TRANSOMS)
(STANDARD) BASE PLATES SILLS (SOLE BOARDS)
BASE LIFT (KICKER LIFT)
Figure 5.2 SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY
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2nd LIFT
2 Meters (6'-6") maximum lift height
2 Meters (6'-6") maximum lift height
6"
(STANDARDS) (LEDGERS) (TRANSOMS)
Figure 5.3 SCAFFOLD LIFTS
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Figure: 5.4
B
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RIGHT-ANGLE (DOUBLE) COUPLERS (TYP.)
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD
Figure 5.5 PLAN VIEW OF TWO-WAY TIE
COLUMN
TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD

Figure 5.6 PLAN VIEW OF COLUMN BOX TIE
REVEAL PIN
REVEAL TUBE
WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE WALL OR SOLID STRUCTURE
TIMBER PACKING TIE TUBES TO SCAFFOLD
Figure 5.7 PLAN VIEW OF REVEAL TIE
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RIGHT-ANGLE
5.8
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ONLY ONE ADDITIONAL LIFT ALLOWED ABOVE RAKER TIE-IN POINT RAKER TIE-IN POINT SINGLE RAKER TUBE 6.4m (21ft.) MAX. LENGTH (NO SPLICES)
BASEPLATE LONGITUDINAL STRUT TUBE SOLEBOARD
4 1
DETAIL
SHORT BUTT TUBE BASEPLATE
HORIZONTAL TIE TUBES (REQUIRED)
ALTERNATIVE ON HARD GROUND
Figure 5.9 RAKER
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Figure 5.10
ONE MAN AND 20kg MAX. PER SQ. METER MAX. TOTAL LOAD 73 KG PER SQ METER
Figure 5.11
TWO MEN AND 40kg MAX. PER SQ. METER MAX. TOTAL LOAD 180 KG PER SQ METER
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SAND OR ASPHALT SURFACE
TIMBER SILLS (SOLE BOARDS) REQUIRED (NOT PLANKS)
Figure 5.12 GROUND SUPPORT
BASE LIFT
2/3 OF THREAD LENGTH MAXIMUM TOTAL THREAD LENGTH TOTAL JACK HEIGHT
Figure 5.13 USE OF ADJUSTABLE BASE PLATE

B
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CHECK PLUMB BOTH SIDES OF SLEEVE COUPLER
END-TO-END (SLEEVE) COUPLER
POST (STANDARD)
Figure 5.14A
B
END-TO-END COUPLER JINING STANDARDS
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Fig. 5.14 B: PLUMNESS
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5.15
POSTS (STANDARDS)
BEARER (TRANSOM) RUNNER (LEDGER) BOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM) IF NEEDED BEARER (TRANSOM) 50mm (2") THK.
Figure 5.16 SUPPORT SPACING FOR PLANKS (BOARDS) 50mm (2") THICK
18
EACH END OF PLANKS (BOARDS) UP TO 1.8m (6 Ft.) LONG FIXED TO A SUPPORT FIXED LADDER ACCESS OPENING FIXED
FIXED WIRE LASHING WRAPPED AROUND PLANK (BOARD) ENDS AND TUBES
Figure 5.17 SECURING PLANKS
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20
300mm (12") MIN.
150mm (6") MIN. (UNLESS CLEATED) 300mm (12") MAX.
RUNNER (LEDGER)
OVERLAP
BOARD BEARER (INTERMEDIATE TRANSOM)
BEARER (TRANSOM)
OVERHANG
POST (STANDARD)
Figure 5.18 PLANK OVERLAP AND OVERHANG
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BEARER (TRANSOM)
NODE POINT (TYP.)
300mm (12") Max. (Typ.)
3rd LIFT
POST (STANDARD)
2nd LIFT
ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLER (TYP.)
1st LIFT
0 35 - 55 (TYP.)
6"
BASE LIFT
Figure 5.19 TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLD
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300mm (12") Max. (Typ.)
POST (STANDARD) BEARER (TRANSOM) NODE POINT (TYP.) RUNNER (LEDGER) NODE POINT (TYP.)
POST (STANDARD)
3rd LIFT BEARER (TRANSOM)
SEE TYP. DETAIL
2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
0 35 - 55 (TYP.)
BASE LIFT
6"
MAX. 3 OPEN BAYS
Figure 5.20 TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "ZIG-ZAG" BRACING TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLD
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BEARER (TRANSOM)
3rd LIFT NODE POINT (TYP.)

300mm (12") Max. (Typ.)
POST (STANDARD) 2nd LIFT
1st LIFT
0 35 - 55 (TYP.)
6"
BASE LIFT
Figure 5.21 TRANSVERSE (SECTIONAL) "X" BRACING TUBE AND COUPLER SCAFFOLD
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5.22
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JOINTS IN ADJACENT POSTS (STANDARDS) NOT IN SAME LIFT HEIGHT JOINTS IN ADJACENT RUNNERS (LEDGERS) NOT IN SAME BAY
Figure 5.23 SCAFFOLD JOINTS
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Figure 5.24: Work Platform

B
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Figure 5.25: Access to Work Platform

B
Figure 5.26: Ladder Access Tower

B
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30
TRANSOM OR LEDGER ADJUSTABLE (SWIVEL) COUPLERS (4 each)
300mm (12") Min.
300mm (12") Min.
Figure 5.27 Transom or Ledger Spice

B
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ANNEXURE-VI
INSPECTION OF LADDER:
STILES DO NOT TWIST CHECK FOR CRACK/WEAR
CHECK FOR WARPING, CRACKS, SPLINTERS, DENTS
RUNGS DO NOT TURN
TAG DEFECTIVE LADDERS

STILES DO NOT PULL APART
Figure 6.1 LADDER INSPECTION
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0.90 m (3 Ft.) Minimum
Figure 6.2 LADDER POSITION
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Fig. 6.3. Fixing of Ladder
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INSPECTION OF SCAFFOLD TUBES:
FLAME CUT TUBE
SPLIT SPLIT ENDTUB TUBE END E
CROSS CUT TUBE
BENT TUBE MUSHROOM HEADED TUBE WELDED TUBE
FIGURE 6.4 DAMAGED

TUBES
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Figure 6.5 PLANK INSPECTION
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SPLIT
WORN
WARPED
TWISTED
BROKEN
DAMAGED HOOP IRON
Figure 6.6 PLANK INSPECTION
Figure6.7
UNSAFE FOUNDATIONS
Fig. 6.8. Inadequate Material Guard
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ANNEXURE-VII
B
TYPE OF SCAFFOLDS:
FIG.7.1- VIEW OF INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD
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OINT
FIG.7.2- ANOTHER VIEW OF INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD
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TIMBER COVER FOR ACCESS HOLE (OR HINGED)
TOPRAIL MIDRAIL
TOEBOARD
PLAN BRACE UNDER DECK PLAN BRACE
WIRE LASHING (TOP, MIDDLE AND BOTTOM OF LADDER)
LADDER SHOULD BE FIXED TO NARROWER WIDTH OF TOWER
TRANSVERSE (LEDGER) BRACING LOCKING CASTERS
PLAN BRACE
BOTTOM OF LADDER SUPPORTED
Figure 7.3 MOBILE SCAFFOLD (INTERNAL LADDER)

Fig.-7.4
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GUARDRAIL SYSTEM (TOPRAIL, MIDRAIL, TOEBOARD) WORKING PLATFORM
ACCESS GATE
END FRAME
TOEBOARD
LOCKING PINS
SCISSOR (CROSS) BRACING
ACCESS LADDER
PLAN BRACE
LOCKING CASTERS CASTER FASTENING PINS
Figure 7.5 FABRICATED TUBULAR FRAME MOBILE SCAFFOLD
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INSERT SHAFT HOLE FOR FASTENING PIN LOCKING

ASSEMBLY
SWIVEL
Figure 7.6
MOBILE SCAFFOLD CASTER
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90 of 104
FIG.7.7 BIRDCAGE SCAFFOLD
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FIG.7.8- TRUSS SCAFFOLD
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COVER OR GUARDRAILS AROUND ACCESS HOLE NOT SHOWN
TOPRAIL MIDRAIL TOEBOARD
PLAN BRACE UNDER DECK TRANSOM PLAN BRACE
WIRE LASHING RUNNER (LEDGER)
LADDER SHOULD BE FIXED TO NARROWER WIDTH OF TOWER
POST (STANDARD)
TRANSVERSE (LEDGER) BRACING
BASE PLATE PLAN BRACE SILLS (SOLE BOARDS)
BOTTOM OF LADDER SUPPORTED BY TRANSOM BASE PLATE ( TYP. )
Figure 7.9 INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD (ALSO CALLED TOWER SCAFFOLD)
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10
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11
TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BASE IN THE PROCESS OF BEING ASSEMBLED AND LEVELLED
TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD BEING ASSEMBLED
Figure 7.10 SYSTEM SCAFFOLD ERECTION
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12
VARIOUS INDUSTRY JOINT CONNECTIONS
GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
TOEBOARD
WORKING LEVEL
POSTS (STANDARDS)
RUNNERS (LEDGERS) STAIR UNIT BEARERS (TRANSOMS)
SILL (SOLE BOARD)
DIAGONAL BRACES
VARIOUS INDUSTRY JOINT CONNECTIONS
Figure 7.11 TYPICAL SYSTEM SCAFFOLD
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13
TANK SHELL TOPRAIL (STEEL TUBING OR 3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE) MIDRAIL (STEEL TUBING OR 3/8" DIA. WIRE ROPE)
HOOKED OVER TO BRACKET STRAP FORM SUPPORT BRACKET STRAP BRACKET SPACER
PLANKS (BOARDS)
TOEBOARD
BRACKET (TANK BUILDER'S) SCAFFOLD

DEPTH 5mm (3/16") FILLET WELD TO TANK SHELL 25mm (1") MAX. SIDE WELDS
GUARDRAIL SUPPORT UPRIGHT WIRE ROPE FIXING HOLE PERMANENTLY WELDED OR SECURED TO PERMANENTLY WELDED 150mm (6") HIGH SLEEVE OR INTERNAL SPIGOT/PIN
75mm (3") min.
BRACKET STRAP DETAIL

10mm (3/8")THK. (min.) STEEL PLATE ANCHOR PLATE SPACER ANGLE STEEL
BRACKET
Figure 7.12 BRACKET SCAFFOLD
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14
Figure : 7.13. Suspended Scaffold

B
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15
ANNEXURE-VIII
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Fig. 8.1A. Safety Harness
Fig.8.1 B. Safety Harness
Fig. 8.2. Double Lanyard with Snap Hooks & Shock Absorber
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Fig.8.3: Rope Grab Type Fall Arrester
Fig.8.4 : Retractable Type Fall Arresters
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Annexure-IX Format No. IOCL/Nam of Refinery/WH/01

___________ REFINERY
Sl. No.
PERMIT FOR WORKING AT HEIGHT

(REQUIRED FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS OF 2.0 METERS & ABOVE)
This permit authorizes for provision of safe access / platform/ working
arrangement at height for carrying out the job. In addition depending on nature of
work, separate work permit must be obtained.
FROM :
_____
HRS
DATE_________
TO ______
HRS
DATE________
NAME OF THE AGENCY / CONTRACTOR. NAME OF THE SITE SUPERVISOR JOB/WORK ORDER NO__________________LOCATION OF WORK ___________________ DESCRIPTION OF WORK ______________________________________________________ TOTAL NO. OF WORKERS ALLOWED __________________________________________
PERMITTEE SHALL CHECK THE FOLLOWING ITEMS FOR COMPLIANCE BEFORE SOLICITING THE PERMISSION.
YES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Have scaffolds been checked and certified in prescribed form by scaffold supervisor? Have scaffolds been tagged with green card duly filled and signed by scaffold supervisor? Is scaffold rechecked and re-certified weekly? Is scaffold erected on firm ground and sole plate & base plate have been used? Is the hanging baskets used of proper construction, tested and certified for the purpose. Is the work platform made free of hazards of all traps/ trips/ slips & fall? Have cat ladders, crawling boards etc been used for safe working at sloping roof Has edge protection provided against fall from roof/ elevated space?
NOT REQ
7. 8.
THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHALL BE CHECKED FOR RISK ASSESMENT BY ISSUER AND COMPLIED BY PERMITTEE BEFORE SOLICITING THE PERMISSION. 9. Is the platforms been provided with Toe board, guardrail & area below is barricaded. fall arresters etc provided to the worker for working at height. 11. Have precaution been listed below for safe working at height for source of energy Such as electricity 11 Is proper means of access to the scaffold including use of standard aluminum ladder provided ? 12. Is the raised work surface properly illuminated? 13. Is the workers are working near unguarded shafts, excavations or hot line? 14. Checked for provision of collective fall protection such as safety net
10. Checked whether safety harness & necessary arrangement for tying the life-line,
15. Additional PPE recommended ____________________________________________________________________________ ADDITIONAL PRECAUTION REQUIRED, IF ANY ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Fire Permit Signatory /Gas Safety Inspector (Issuer) Signature _______________________________ Name ___________________________________ Desig. ___________________ Tel No. ________ Concerned Area HOD/RSM ** Signature & Date _____________________ Permittee/ Receiver Signature __________________________ Name _____________________________ Desig. ______________ Tel No. ________ Permittee HOD ** Signature & Date ____________________
** Required in case: Permit is needed beyond normal working hours (8.00 Hrs to 17.00 Hrs.)/ round the clock/ Sundays & holidays. Closing of the work permit: Receiver : Certified that the subject work has been completed / stopped and area cleared Issuer: Verified that the job has been completed and area cleared and is safe from any hazard.
Date & Time
Name & Designation
Signature
Date & Time
Name & Designation
Signature
Clearance Renewal: Time Additional Date precaution From To s if any, Otherwise mention NIL
Issuer Name of GSI / FPS Desig. of GSI / FPS Signature Name of of Permittee GSI / FPS
Receiver Desig. of Permittee Signature of Permittee
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INSTUCTIONS: 1. This permit will be issued in Triplicate. GREEN COPY (ORIGINAL) and WHITE COPY (TRIPLICATE) will be for the Permittee. ISSUING AUTHORITY will retain WHITE COPY (DUPLICATE). This permit shall be valid for a period of 8 hours only, unless it is renewed/ extended. This clearance on the same permit can be renewed/ extended up to a maximum of seven calendar days. 2. After the completion of the job, copies of work permit should be returned to the ISSUER. 3. Items applicable must be ticked (). 4. All works at height shall be discontinued during rain/ high wind/ floods. 5. Stop all jobs in case scaffold is sagging unduly. Report to EIC. 6. Metallic tubular scaffolding and standard aluminium ladders are only to be used. 7. All works must stop on instruction from permit issuing authority, permittee and officers of F&S Dept. or whenever unsafe condition is detected. 8. Permittee shall obtain permission from the respective disciplines. 9. Permittee to ensure the compliance of safety precaution required mentioned in permit 10. Use of approved type full body safety harness along with lifeline is must for working at height of 2.0 M and above. 11. Permit must be available at site during the work. 12. Use of safety helmet and shoe is mandatory for all work sites. 13. Permittee shall ensure that all working personnel have taken SAFETY TRAINING before start of work. Toolbox talk and key point tipping shall be given by permittee daily before start of work. 14. Sketches should be provided, if required.
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ANNEXURE Format No.-IOCL/Name of Refinery/WH/04 MEDICAL CERTIFICATE Form for Medical Check Up for the Workman engaged by the Contractor (Working at Heights) Certified that I ___________________ have examined Shri ____________________Age _________ who has signed below in my presence. The details of his examination as required are given in the enclosed medical examination report. I certify that all clinical and pathological tests were done in my hospital/dispensary under my instructions and I find him fit. General and physical examinations of Shri ________________ do not reveal any abnormality. He does not suffer from any acute / chronic skin disease or any contagious or infectious disease. He is medically fit to work at height of 2.0 meters and more since he is free from Vertigo, Epilepsy or Fits, general giddiness and height related disease. His B.P., Pulse, Eye sight etc. are normal. In my opinion Shri ____________________ is physically and mentally fit for job in _____________ _______________________ Signature of the workmen
Date: _____________________________
Signature and Rubber stamp of medical practitioner with name Note: This certificate is to be given on the letter head of the registered medical practitioner who is
possessing allopathic qualification as recognized by the Indian medical council. Below the signature,
the rubber stamp of the medical practitioner should be affixed. Te letterhead normally should contain
the following:
1) Name of the Medical practitioner:
2) Qualifications:
3) Registration Number:
4) Designation:
4) Address:
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INDIAN OIL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM [ SURAKSHA ]

ISMS STANDARD - 1007

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

NEW DELHI 110 003

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

ISMS STANDARD - 1007

COMMITTEE ON STANDARDISATION OF SAFETY SYSTEMS

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

NEW DELHI 110 003

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

New Delhi 110 003

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

COMMITTEE ON SCAFFOLD SAFETY

Designation ED (O) CM (QA & Systems) CPNM CTSM CM (F&S)

Position in Committee Convener Member Member Member Member

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

Voltage Less than 300 Volts 300 Volts to 50 kV More than 50 kV

insulator, but never less than 3 meters

Voltage Less than 50 kV More than 50 kV

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM DISTRIBUTED LOADING OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORMS

6 ft (1.8m) 6 ft (1.8m) 8 ft (2.4m)

5 boards 5 boards 5 boards

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

8.10.1Brackets and Straps

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

8.10.2Guardrails and Platforms for Bracket Scaffolds

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

ANNEXURE-I Format No. IOCL/Name of Refinery/WH/03

PRE ERECTION CHECKLIST FOR SCAFFOLDS

G. Name of trained scaffold supervisor (Training validity- 1 years) : 1... 2..

SIGN. & STAMP OF TENDERER

I. Safety check by issuer :

RECEIVER/EXECUTER (Site engineer)

Date..Time . Signature: Name..Designation..