Overview

! Last Lecture
Transmission modes Source: chapter 6

Interfacing
! Data processing devices (or data terminal equipment, DTE) do not (usually) include data transmission facilities ! Need an interface called data circuit terminating equipment (DCE)
e.g. modem, NIC DCE transmits bits on medium DCE communicates data and control info with DTE Done over interchange circuits Clear interface standards required

! This Lecture
Data communications interface Source: chapter 6

! Next Lecture
Protocols and architecture (1) Source: chapter 2

! Characteristics of Interface
Mechanical: physical connection Connection plugs, male or female Electrical Voltage, timing, encoding Functional: assign meanings to circuits Data, control, timing, grounding Procedural Sequence of events for transmitting data

TELE201 Lecture 10 Data communication interface 1

Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

TELE201 Lecture 10 Data communication interface 2

Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

V.24/EIA-232-F
! ITU-T v.24 ! Only specifies functional and procedural
References other standards for electrical and mechanical

Mechanical Specification
! 25-pin connector, very often a subset of 8/9 pins is used

! EIA-232-F (USA)
Alias RS-232 Mechanical ISO 2110 Electrical v.28 Functional v.24 Procedural v.24

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

V.24/EIA-232-F
! Electrical Specification
Digital signals Values interpreted as data or control, depending on circuit More than -3v is binary 1, more than +3v is binary 0 (NRZ-L) Signal rate < 20kbps Distance <15m For control, more than-3v is off, +3v is on

Local and Remote Loopback

! Loopback control is a useful fault isolation tool
Local loopback checks the functioning of the local interface and the local DCE Remote loopback tests the operation of the transmission channel and the remote DCE Local Remote Circuit Cond(L) Cond(L) Cond(R) DCE ready ON ON OFF LL ON OFF OFF RL OFF ON OFF Test mode ON ON ON

! Functional Specification (Table 6.1 for details). The following is the subset of 9 pins.
Pin 2 data transmitted by DTE Pin 3 data received by DTE Pin 4 request to send Pin 5 clear to send Pin 6 DCE ready Pin 20 DTE ready Pin 8 received line signal detector Pin 7 signal ground Pin 1 protective ground

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

Procedural Specification
! Asynchronous private line modems (short-haul modems)
When turned on and ready, modem (DCE) asserts DCE ready When DTE ready to send data, it asserts Request to Send Also inhibits receive mode in half duplex Modem responds when ready by asserting Clear to send DTE sends data Before data arrives, local modem asserts Receive Line Signal Detector and delivers data

Conventional modems
! Dial Up Operation (1)

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

Conventional modems
! Dial Up Operation (2)

Null Modem
! For situations where the distances between devices are so close to allow two DTEs to signal each other directly ! Both DTEs are fooled to think they are connected to modems.

TELE201 Lecture 10 Data communication interface 9

Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

TELE201 Lecture 10 Data communication interface 10

Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

RS-449
Replaces RS-232 Uses 37 pin connector, defines pin functions Relies on RS-422 and RS-423 for electrical standards (for balanced and unbalanced circuits) Higher bit rates over longer distance by using balanced circuit 10Mbps over short distance (40 feet) 100Kbps at 4000 feet

Balanced transmission
! Unbalanced circuit
uses one line for signal transmission and a common ground. Thus signal voltage levels are relative to that ground

! Balanced circuit
Uses two lines for signal transmission The transmitting device sends equal but opposite signals over each line Balanced signals are less susceptible to noise and allow higher transmission rates over longer distances

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

ISDN Physical Interface Diagram

! Connection between terminal equipment (c.f. DTE) and network terminating equipment (c.f. DCE)
ISO 8877, taken by X.21

Summary
! DTE and DCE ! RS-232 standard
Mechanical Electrical Functional Procedural

! Cables terminate in matching connectors with 8 contacts ! Transmit/receive carry both data and control

! Loopback tests in modems ! Null modem ! ISDN physical interface ! Balanced circuit

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang

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Lecturer Dr Z. Huang