HISTORIA DO MEIO AMBIENTE

Guia bibliográfico

ALBERTO VIEIRA

Funchal, 1998
Com este guia e compilação pretende-se orientar o leitor interessado no conhecimento
da produção bibliográfica. Para isso, a cada tema juntaram-se breves textos
introdutórios, ou uma indicação para uma pesquisa mais aprofundada com a procura nas
diversas bibliotecas especializadas neste tipo de fundos bibliográficos.

A actualidade da edição disponível muitas vezes via Internet permite um acesso rápido e
imediato. Deste modo deu-se atenção, quando possível, a este novo suporte que está a
revolucionar as formas de acesso à informação. A maior parte da pesquisa foi feita nas
Bibliotecas do Congresso em Washigton e Publica de Nova York, da biblioteca da
Univ. de Columbia(NY), na Biblioteca do Museu de História Natural(NY),
completando-se a informação por pesquisas on-line através da Internet.

A cronologia das edições permite fazer o enquadramento histórico da abordagem da

temática, situação imprescindível na compreensão dos conteúdos que são um reflexo de
conjunturas que marcaram a evolução da História da Ciência e da relação do Homem
com o meio natural.

A bibliografia arruma-se em Biobibliografias, um inventário geral, publicações

periódicas e uma ordenação por temas fundamentais: História da Ciência, Religião, A
Arte, Ecofeminismo, Agricultura, a Floresta e Literatura. No conjunto desta produção
bibliográfica aqui reunida merecem destaque isolado os autores e textos considerados
clássicos, por aquilo que deram de forma directa ou indirecta para a afirmação da
História da Ciência e do Meio Ambiente, do conhecimento do quadro natural que nos
rodeia e no germinar de uma diferente visão da relação do homem com o meio natural.
A História do Meio Ambiente é uma criação da geração de sessenta do presente século,
mas lança as suas raízes em épocas recuadas.

Este conjunto de autores, que se repartem entre a observante extasiado e o cientista

atento, são os pilares fundamentais da História da Ciência nos séculos XVIII e XIX, ou
então a expressão plena do romantismo literário. Aqui estão reunidos alguns dos
protagonistas mais marcantes desta geração. No domínio da História da Ciência temos:
Comte de Buffon, Carl von Linné, Joseph Banks, Charles Darwin, Ernst Haeckel, John
James Adubon. A Literatura da descoberta e defesa da natureza tem nos EUA uma
conjuntra influente de autores que influenciaram o mundo europeu. São eles: Gilbert
White, David Henry Thoreau, Thomas H. Huxley, John Muir e William H. Hudson.
Neste domínio é rica a oferta digital, como se poderá verificar através da listagem das
páginas web, onde é possível encontrar os textos fundamentais.

Num domínio à parte reunimos a informação referente ao arquipélago da Madeira .

Aqui estão reunidos os testemunhos de autores nacionais e estrangeiros. Os Livros
ilustrados e as gravuras apresentam-se também como uma fonte fundamental para a
descoberta da evolução do quadro natural. Eles são um dado imprescindível na
descoberta da relação dos madeirenses e visitantes com o quadro natural.
 HISTORIA DO AMBIENTE- TEORIA

Man and nature is the basic fundamental fact of History. The relationship is
mutual and necessary". Arthur A. Ekirch, Man and Nature in America,
Colombia, 1963

A História do Meio ambiente é sem dúvida uma criação do mundo científico e

universitário americano e por isso teve aqui desde a sua origem até a actualidade uma
valorização inexcedível. A década de sessenta foi o momento ideal para o seu
nascimento, contribuindo para isso alguns trabalhos que hoje são um marco do alerta
para a situação em que o Homem estava intervindo e destruindo o meio natural. São
dois os livros que se assumem como o despertar das consciências dos cidadãos e dos
políticos para esta cruzada. Em 1962 Rachel Carson publica "Silent Spring",
considerado o verdadeiro alerta para os efeitos do "DDT" sobre a Natureza e ficou como
o grito de alerta às autoridades e motivo de reflexo de jovens de gerações de
académicos. Seis anos depois juntou-se o texto de Paul Ehrlich: The Population Bomb1.
A década de sessenta é na verdade o momento de afirmação simultânea do
movimento ambientalista na historiografia com a "Environmental History". Daqui
deverá resultar, certamente, a tendência para identificação de "Environmental History"
com a História do ambientalismo2, o que é insistentemente negado pelos teóricos e
historiadores desta nova disciplina.
O ambiente não foi apenas motivo de denuncia pública, mas também de
reflexão filosófica e historiográfica. E é precisamente neste domínio que ganha forma o
novo domínio historiográfico. Na década de setenta para além de se assistir as reedições
de clássicos do século XIX, como Henry David Thoreau e Ralph Aldo Emerson3, é de
salientar a publicação destas novas reflexões. O ciclo inicia-se em 1935 com Paul Sears
em Deserts on the March e prossegue na década de cinquenta. Primeiro em 1957 com
"Nature and the American” de Hans Hunt, que é secundado com "Conservation and the
Gospel of Efficiency" de Samuel P. Hays(1959). O movimento prossegue nos anos
imediatos com uma maior precisão temática:
1963: Man and Nature in America de Arthur A. Ekirch Jr.
1967: Wilderness and the American Mind de R. Nash
In the House of Stone ou Light: A Human History oh the Grand Canyon
de J. Donald Hughes.
1970: The Greening of America de Charles A. Reich
1972. Columbian Exchange de A. Crosby
1973: American Environmentalism de Donal Worster4

Este movimento, tal como o referimos, ganhou fortes raízes nos meios
5
académicos . Deste modo por iniciativa de R. Nash, na Universidade de Califórnia,

1
Carl G. Hernsl, Green Culture, 1996, pp.21-45.
2
. D. Worster "World without borders: the internationalizing of environmentel History: critical issues", K. E. Bailes (ed.)
Environmental History: critical issues in comparative perspective, Lanham, 1985, 664.

3
. Sand County Almanac foi reeditado em 1968.
4
. Char Miller e Hall Rothman, Out of the Woods. Essays in Environmental History, Pittsburgh, 1997, XXII-XXIII.
Donald Worster na de Yale e Brandeis no Hawaii a disciplina entrou nos currículos de
ensino. Estava lançada a semente que cedo iria justificar. Enquanto na América crescia
esta consciência ambientalista, fruto dos alertas para a destruição da Natureza, na
Europa a História Social, que a Escola dos Annales era a principal promotora,
desembocava no mesmo rumo e na clara definição a valorização desta nova disciplina.
Note-se que um número dos Annales de 1974 dedica especial atenção ao tema. Por
outro lado F. Braudel, um dos expoentes máximos desta escola, pode ser considerado o
pai desta disciplina no continente europeu.
Este novo movimento historiográfico vai ao encontro das solicitações da
sociedade. Em 1970 temos a primeira comemoração do dia da terra e a criação da EPA -
Environmental Protection Agency. Era também a época de pujança dos movimentos
ecológicos6. E foi também a duvida levantada sobre a historicidade do movimento
ecológico que levou a esse novo olhar sobre o passado humano e a sua interacção com o
meio natural7. Os estudos acabaram por provar que a ideia de preservação do meio
ambiente não surgiu apenas após a segunda Guerra Mundial8. Daqui resultou a
revelação do fulgurante movimento ambientalista de finais do século passado e
princípios do nosso, bem como a revelação do primeiro ambientalista radical na figura
de John Evelyn (1620-1706) 9. Todavia os trinta anos que se sucedem à década de
setenta são cruciais para a sua afirmação. É o período de mudança do ambientalismo
entendido como religião para uma actividade profissional orientada de acordo com os
ditames da ciência10 .
Neste contexto a afirmação da História do meio ambiente lança as suas raízes
institucionais e académicas, sendo de realçar a criação em 1976 da "American Society
for Environmental History" e a revista "Environmental Review"11 a uma interpretação
ecológica da História12. O reconhecimento definitivo de "Environmental History" está
patente na mesa redonda organizada em 1990 por "The Journal of American History".
De acordo com J. Donald Hughes "Environmental history, as a subject, is
the study of how humans have related, to the natural world through time. As a method,
it is the application of ecological principles to history"13. Para Donald Worster "its
principal peal became of deepening our understanding of how humans have been
affected by their natural environemtal through time and, conversely, how they have
affected that enviroment and with that results"14. E W. Beinart precisa que a
"Environmental history deals with the various dialogues over time between people and
the rest of nature, focusing on recipocal impacts"15. Neste contexto poderá referenciar-se

5
. O primeiro curso "American Environmental History" surgiu em 1970 na Universidade de California (Santa Barbara), Vide
Carolyn Merchant, “Major Problems in American Environmental History" surgiu em 1970 na Universidade de Califórnia (Santa
Barbara), vide Carolyn Merchant, Major Problems in American Environmental History, Lexington, 1983. E o significativo estudo
de R. Nash, "American Emvironmental History. A new teaching frontier", Pacific Historical Review, 363 (1974), 362-372.

6
. K. Wallace, No turning back..., N. York, 1994, 28-55; Derek Wall, Green History, N. York, 1994.
7
. D. Wall, ibidem, p. 1-3.
8
. Tenha-se em conta os estudos de C. Glacken, Traces on the Rhodian Shore, Berkeley, 1967; Richard Grove, Green imperialism,
Cambridge, 1994; Donald Worster, Nature's Economy, Cambridge, 1977.
9
. P. Brimblecombe, The big smoke. A history of air pollution in London since medieval time, London, 1987 (48-52).
10
. R. Nash American Environmentalism, N. York, 1990.

11
. A Revista sofreu várias transformações no seu título. Veja-se Capitulo Revistas. A primeira fase da publicação até 1983 foi
coordenada por John Opie, altura em que lhe sucedeu J. Hughes.

12
. C. Merchant, Major problems in American Enviromental History, 1993, 2.
13
. Pan's Travail, London, 1994, p. 3.
14
. The ends of the earth, 1988, p. 290-291.
15
. Environmental and History, 1995, p. 1.
a página na Internet da Forest History Society (Durham-North Carolina) onde
encontramos a mais intuitiva definição e objecto que nos ocupa: "Understanding the
past for its impact on the future"16. Já Joachim RadKau, à pergunta sobre o que é a
História do Meio Ambiente responde que esta nova disciplina "investiga cómo el ser
humano mismo ha influido en estas condiciones y cómo reaccionó ante las
alteraciones."17
Tal como nos refere Donald Worster18 a ideia de ecologia é anterior ao
aparecimento da palavra oecologia. Esta surge pela primeira vez em estudo de Ernst
Haeckel e em 1893 era já usual no Congresso Internacional de Botânica

A partir deste enquadramento global desenvolveram-se vários ramos da História

do Ambiente, que têm evidenciado nos últimos anos uma tendência para a
especialização.
O clima é uma das evidências do impacto negativo das questões ecológicas.
Deste modo a História do clima é o meio para averiguar da forma de intervenção do
homem no quadro natural e dos seus efeitos secundários. Depois do celebrado estudo de
E. le Roy Ladurie19 sucederam-se estudos de grande impacto: Raymond Bradley e Philip
D. Jones (1992), F. M. Chambers (1993), Richard H. Grove (1997), H. Lamb (1982,
1995) e T. M. L. Wigley (1981)20
Um ramo da Arqueologia, do meio ambiente começou após a II Guerra
Mundial e ganhou notoriedade na década de setenta. De acordo com Johan Evans
"Environmental Archaelogy is the study of the past environment of man"21. Por outro
lado E. J. Reitz22 destaca que "Environmental Archaeology is an ecletic field that
encompasses the earth sciences, zoology and botany". Na verdade, são vários os
factores determinantes do quadro natural que perdura nas várias camadas de
sedimentação. É através da recolha de informações sobre animais, plantas, solo é
possível reconstruir o ambiente do passado. E é essa a função primordial da
Arqueologia do Meio-Ambiente e que faz com que à mesma se liguem as Ciências da
Terra, Arqueo-botanica, Zoo-arqueologia e a Geo-arqueologia23. Os estudos sobre Zoo-
arqueologia tiveram em Elizabeth Wing a sua líder nos EUA e América Latina24.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

BERNART, W. e P. Coates " The Nature of Environmental History. The United States and South Africa
Compared", in Environmental History, London, 1995, pp. 1-161.

BERTRAND, Georges, “pour Une Histoire Écologique de la France Rurale” in Histoire de la France
Rurale, dir. G. Duby, t.I, Paris, Seuil, 1975, 34-111.
16
Forest History Societey, 1997-98[on-line], disponível em http://www.lib.duke.edu/forest/index.html[06-07-98].
17
. Gonzalez Molina, Historia y Ecologia, 1993, p. 121.
18
. Generelle Morphologie der organis men, Berlim, 1866.

19
Histoire du Climat depuis L'An Mil, Paris, 1972.
20
. Vide Bibliografia Geral
21
. J. Evans, 1978.
22
. Case Studies in Environmental Archeology, 1996, p. 1.
23
. E. J. Reitz et alia "Issues in Environmental Archaelogy", in E. J. Reitz (eds), Case Studies in Environmental Archaelogy, N.
York, 1996, pp. 3-16.

24
. Cf. Elizabeth J. Reitz, Case Studies in Envrionmental Archaelogy, 1996, pp.359-371
 “Paysage et Géographie Physique Global”, in Revue Géographique et du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse,
nº.3, 1968

BRAUDEL, Fernand, L’Identité de la France. Espace et Histoire, Paris, 1986.

CASTRO, Therezina de, Estudos de Geo-História, S. Paulo, 1971.

CRONON, William, "A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative." Journal of American History,
78 (March 1992): 1347-1376..
"The Uses of Environmental History."Environmental History Review 17 (Fall 1993): 1-22.

CROSBY, Alfred W. "The Past and Present of Environmental History." American Historical Review 100,
no. 4 (October 1995): 1177-1190.

FEBVRE. Lucien, La Terre et l’Évolution Humaine. Introducton Géografique à l’Histoire, Paris, La

Renaissance du Livre, 1922.
A Terra e a Evolução Humana. Introdução Geográfica à História, 2ª ed., Lisboa, Edições
Cosmos, 1991

FONTANA, Josep, "Historia, Espacio y Recursos Naturales: De la Geografía Humana a la

«EcoHistoria»", in La Historia Después del fin de la Historia, Barcelona, Crítica, 1992, pp.65-78.

HUGHES, J. Donald, "Storici e storia ambientale. L'"American Society for Environmental History",
Quaderni storici, v. 21, (2) 1986, pp. 505
"Ecology and Development as Narrative Themes of World History," Environmental History
Review 19:1-16 (Spring 1995)
Pan's Travail, London, 1994, pp. 1-7

JAEHN, Thomas, The Environment in the Twentieth-Century American West: A Bibliography,

Albuquerque: Center for the American West, University of New Mexico, 1990.

LADURIE, Em. Le Roy, Le Territoire de l’Historien, Paris, 1973

JAMIESON, Duncan R. "American Environmental History."CHOICE 32, no. 1 (September 1994): 49-60.

LEIBHARDT, Barbara. "Interpretation and Causal Analysis: Theories in Environmental History."

Environmental Review 12 no. 1 (1988): 23-36.

LEWIS, Chris H., "Telling Stories About the Future: Environmental History and Apocalyptic Science,"
Environmental History Review, 17:43-60 (Fall 1993)

MARTÍNEZ ALIER, J., "La interpretación Ecologista de la Historia Socioeconomica: Algunos Ejemplos
Andinos", Revista Andina, 8, nº1, 1990, pp.9-46.

MERCHANT, C., "What is Environmental History?", in Major problems in American Environmental

History, Lexington, 1983, pp. 1 - 31
"Gender and Environmental History", Journal of American History, Abilene, Kan., v. 76, (4),
1990, pp. 1117
ed., Major Problems in American Environmental History, Lexington: D.C. Heath, 1993.

MILLER, Char e Hall Rothman, "Introduction", in Out of the Words. Essays in Environemtal History,
Pittsburgh, 1997, pp. XI-XVI.

MUGERAUER, Robert, Interpreting Environments: Tradition, Deconstruction, Hermeneutics, Austin:

University of Texas Press, 1996.

NASH, R. F., "The Potential of Environmental History" in American Environmentalism. Readings in

Conservation History, N. York, 1990, pp. 1-8
Environmental History, in the state of American History, Chicago, 1970, pp. 249-260.
PIEROTTI, Piero, Introduzione all'Ecostoria, Milão, Franco Angeli, 1982.

RADKAY, Joachim, "Qué es la Historia del Medio Ambiente?", in M. Gonzalez Molins, Historia y
Ecologia, Madrid, 1993, pp. 119-146

Science du Paysage, in Revue Géographique et du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, nº.2, 1972.

WHITE, Richard, "American Environmental History: The Development of a New Historical Field",
Pacific Historical Review, v. 54, 1985, pp. 297
"Environmental History, Ecology, and Meaning", Journal of American History, Abilene, Kan.,
v. 76, (4), 1990, pp. 1111

WORSTER, Donald, "Doing Environmental History," in Donald Worster, ed., The Ends of the Earth:
Perspectives on Modern Environmental History 289-307 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988)
"Nature and the Disorder of History," Environmental History Review 18:1-15 (Summer 1994)
ed. The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History. Cambridge; New
York: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1988.,
et al. "A Roundtable: Environmental History." Journal of American History 74, no. 4 (March
1990): 1087-1147.
"Nature and the Disorder of History."Environmental History Review 18 (Summer 1994):1-15.
"History as natural History" in the Weath of Nature, Oxford, 1993; pp. 30.
"Appendix: doing enviromental history" in The Ends of the Earth, Cambridge, 1988, pp. 289-
307.
 OS CLÁSSICOS

Sob o epígrafe reunimos aqueles autores que mais influenciaram os rumos da

Ciência e História Natural a partir do século XVII.
Note-se que a primeira resenha dos diversos aspectos do quadro natural surge
com Theophrastus (380-287 A.C.) com Historia Plantorum, só editada em 1483. Depois
temos a volumosa obra, História Natural, de Plínio o Velho (23-79 D.C.). Os
descobrimentos europeus do século XV provocaram novas orientações para o
conhecimento e estudo do mundo natural. O Novo Mundo, pelos seus aspectos exóticos,
exerce um certo fascínio: Garcia da Orta (1501-1563) com o Colóquio dos Simples
(1563) é pioneiro disso. Todavia é na segunda metade do século XIX que estes ganham
toda a sua pujança. São três os pioneiros neste movimento: Carl von Linné (1707-1778)
foi pai da classificação das plantas, seguido de perto pelo Comte de Bufon (1707-1786).
Gilbert White (1720-1793) surge nos EUA com a sua proclamada obra "The Natural
History of Selborne" (1789) como o iniciador dos ensaios de História Natural. Teve
seguidores em G. Perkins Marsh e John Muir (1838-1914), David H. Thoreau (1817-
1862) e Leopold Aldo (1886-1948). Este último tornou-se famoso com a sua obra "A
Sand County Almanac" (1949), que cedo se transformou na Bíblia dos activistas
ecológicos dos anos sessenta e setenta.
A actividade científica teve continuadores em Alexander Von Humbolt e
Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Este último ficou célebre com a sua obra "On the Origin
of Species" (1859).
Nos Estados Unidos da América aquele que se tornou mais popular foi
John James AUDUBON[1785-1851]. O seu amor e dedicação pela Natureza ficou
concentrado nos pássaros. A Ornitologia foi a sua paixão, legando-nos uma valiosa
colecção de gravuras destes: The Birds of America (4 vols., 1827-1838, e 1840-1844) e
(5 vols., 1831-1939) Ornithological. Biography (5 vols., 1831-1839). Em 1886 surgiu
Audubon Society, que passou a publicar no ano seguinte uma revista: Adubon Magazine.
Este movimento é fruto da iniciativa de George Bird Grinnell, quem melhor entendeu a
obra de John James Audubon.

CRONOLOGIA DA BIBLIOGRAFIA FUNDAMENTAL

380-287 A.c.: Theophrastus: De Historia Plantorum, publicado em Latim em 1483

384-322 Ac.: Aristóteles: Historia Natural

234-149 A.c.: Cato De Re Rustica

116-26 A.c.: Varro De Re Rustica

c.100-55 Ac.- Poeta Lucrecius que publicou De Natura Rerum

106-43 Ac.- Cícero que publica De Natura Deorum

70-19 A.c.: Vergilio Georgicas

Séc. I .:Columella: De re rustica e De Arboribus

23-79. : Plinio o velho que publica Historia Naturalis em 37 livros

c.50: Lucius Columella: De Re Rustica em 12 livros e De Arboribus

c.250.: Palladius: De Re Rustica, 12 livros

1470. Publicação do primeiro herbário: Encyclopaedia of Bartholomaeus

1526. Gonzal Ferandez de Oviedo y Valdés(1478-1557): De la Natural Hystoria de las Indias

1530. Otto Brunfeld publica Herbarium Vivae Icones

1542. Leonhard Fuchs(1501-1566) publica De Historia Stirpium

1551-58. Konrad von Gesner(1516-1565) publica Historia Animalium em 5 vols

1563. Garcia Da Orta(1501-1568): Coloquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinas da India

1573. Cristovão da Costa(1540-1599): Tractado de las Drogas y Medicinas de las Indias Orientales.

1583. Andrea Cesalpino(1519-1603) publica De Plantis Libri XVI. Contem os rudimentos do sistema de
Lineo de classificação das plantas.

1589. José d'Acosta(1539?-1600): Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias.

1590: Jose de Anchieta: Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias(reedição em 2 vols em 1894)

1592. John Manwood: A Treatise of the Laws of Forest.

Adam Zaluziansky von Zaluzian(1558-1613): Methodi Herbariae

1597. John Gerard: The Herballor Generall Histoire of plantes. Com edição revista em 1633 por Thomas
Jonhson(c.1600-1644).

1607.:Edward Topsell: Historie of Four- Footed Beastes

1616: Godfrey Godman: The Fall of Man, or the Corruption of Nature, Proved by the Light of Our
Natural Reason.

1627. Kaspar Bauhin: Chart of the Botanical Theater.

1629.John Parkinson: Paradisi in Sole, Paradisus Terrestris, or a Garden of all sorts of Pleasant Flowers
which our English Aure Will Permit.(com ed. de 1971 com introdução de Harold J. Abrahams)

1651. Jean Bauhin(1541-1613): Histoire Universelle des Plantes.

1662/1664. John Evelyn(1620-1706): Silva. A discourse of Forest Trees and the Propaganda of Timber
in His Majesty´s Dominions

1665. Jean Baptiste Colbert: Memoire on Forests

1666. Robert Boyle: Origin of forms and Qualities

1669. Robert Morison: Praeludia Botanica. Principio do sistema de classificação das plantas.

1675.: Marcello Malpighi(1628-): Anatome Plantarum

1676. Francis Willoughby: Ornithologia

1677. John Ray: Catalogus Plantorum Angliae.

1678. Martin Lister: Historiae Animalium Angliae.

1686 John Ray(1628-1705) um dos fundadores da História Natural sistematizada: Historia Plantarum
Generalis. A segunda parte foi publicada em 1704

1687 . Isaac Newton publica: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

1691. John Ray publica o seu tratado de Teologia Natural: the Wisdon of Good Manifested in the Works
of the Creation

1695. John Woodward[1665-1728]: Essay Towards a Natural History of the Earth

1731.: Philip Miller(-1771), considerado o principe dos jardins: The Gardeners Dictionary
John Arbuthnot: An Essay Concerning the Effects of Air on human Bodies.

1737. Carl von Linné(Linnaeus)[1707-1778], publica: Genera Plantorum

1748. Montesquieu publica L'Esprit des Lois.

1749. Carl von Linné(Linnaeus)[1707-1778], publica The Oeconomy of Nature(atribuída ao seu discípulo
Isaac Bilberg) e Histoire Naturelle Génerale
Comte de Buffon[1707-1788]: Histoire Naturelle, générale et Particulière. Em 44 vols,
publicada entre 1749 e 1804. A edição em inglês é de 1812.

1751-1765 Diderot publica Encyclopédie

1753. Carl von Linné(Linnaeus)[1707-1778], publica Species Plantarum. Introdução de um sistema para
classificar os seres vivos.

1764 Comte de Buffon: De la Nature, Première Vue

1778. Carl von Linné(Linneo/Linnaeus)[1707-1778], publica Systema Naturae

Johann Reinhold Forster(1739-98) publica Observations made during a Voyage round the
World.

1788. Gilbert White publica The Natural History of Selborne. É o iniciador dos ensaios sobre História
Natural na América.

1789 William Aton: Hortus Kewenses or a catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic
Gardens at Kews. Apresenta uma lista de 5.500 plantas.

1792. O Botânico alemão, Karl Willdenow(1765-1812), publica Principles of Botany [traduzido para
inglês em 1805]

1798. Cuvier{[1769-1832]: Tableau of the Natural History of Animals.

1807. Alexander von Humboldt: Essai sur la Geographie des Plantes

1831. HMS Beagle de Charles (Robert) Darwin

Montly American Journal of Geology & Natural Science

1809. Lamarck[1744-1829]: Philosophie Zoologique

1830. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach[1752-1840], conhecido com o Buffon alemão, publica: Handbook of
Natural History.

1833. Charlotte de Latoru: Le Langaje des Fleurs

 1835. David H Thoreau inicia o seu Daily Journal

1849. David H Thoreau publica A Week on the Concord and Merrimack

1851. Melville: Moby Dick

1854. David H Thoreau publica Walden, or Life in the Woods

1857-1861. H. T. Buckle publica History of Civilization in England em três volumes.

1859. On the Origin of Species de Charles (Robert) Darwin

1864. George Perkins Marsh publica Man and Nature.

1866. Ernest Haeckel, no seu livro, Generelle Morphologie, a palavra Oecologie

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GAILLARD, Yann, Buffon. Biographie Imaginaire et Réelle. Hermann, Col. Savoir. París. 1977.

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TEXTOS SOBRE O AUTOR:

CARNOCHAM, W. B., Cultural Landscapes. Gilbert White and the Natural History of Selbourne,
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CHRISTOPHER, John. Gilbert White and his Selborne.London, Kimber, 1970.

EALING, Eng. Public Libraries. Selborne Society Library; a Catalogue of mss., Books and Periodicals
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EMDEN, Cecil Stuart. Gilbert White in his Village. Illus. by Lynton Lamb.London, New York, Oxford
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JOHNSON, Walter, 1867- Gilbert White, Pioneer, Poet, and Stylist, by Walter Johnson ...London, J.
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SCOTT, Walter S. (Walter Samuel), 1870-1951. White of Selborne and his Times. [London] J.
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SHELLEY, Henry C. (Henry Charles). Gilbert White and Selborne. Illustrated from photographs by the
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WRIGHT, John Charles, 1852- "Saint" Gilbert: the Story of Gilbert White and Selborne / by J.C.
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BEASLEY, A. W. Fellowship of Three: the Lives and Association of John Hunter (1728-1793), the
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British Museum (Natural History) Catalogue of the Natural History Drawings Commissioned 1984
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Captain Cook's Florilegium; 1973 London, Lion and Unicorn Press, 1973.

CARTER, Harold Burnell His Majesty's Spanish Flock; Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinos of George III
of England, by H. B. Carter. [Sydney] Angus & Robertson [1964]
Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820): a Guide to Biographical and Bibliographical Sources / by
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COOK, James, 1728-1779. The Journal of H.M.S. Endeavour 1768-1771 / by Lieutenant James
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CORSI, Pietro. The Age of Lamarck: Evolutionary Theories in France 1790-1830 / Pietro Corsi.
Berkeley: University of California Press, c1988.

DAWSON, Warren R. (Warren Royal), 1888- The Banks letters; a calendar of the manuscript
correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks, preserved in the British Museum, the British Museum (Natural
History) and other collections in Great Britain. Edited by Warren R. Dawson.London, Printed by order of
the Trustees of the British Museum, 1958.

GASCOIGNE, John, Ph. D., Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: useful knowledge and polite
culture / John Gascoigne.Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

LYSAGHT, Averil M., comp. Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766; his diary,
manuscripts, and collections. [Edited by] A. M. Lysaght. With a foreword by Joseph Smallwood.
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LYTE, Charles. Sir Joseph Banks: 18th century explorer, botanist, and entrepreneur / Charles Lyte.
Newton Abbot, Devon; North Pomfret, Vt.: David & Charles, c1980.

MAIDEN, J. H. (Joseph Henry), 1859-1925, Sir Joseph Banks, the "Father of Australia," / by J. H.
Maiden. Sydney: W. A. Gulick; London: K. Paul, 1909.

O'BRIAN, Patrick, 1914- Joseph Banks, a life / Patrick O'Brian. London: C. Harvill, 1987//Boston, 1993.

RUTHERFORD, Homer Vincent, 1921-, Banks, K.B., P.R.S.; the autocrat of the philosophers. London,
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Sir Joseph Banks: a global perspective / editors, R.E.R. Banks ... [et al.]; production editor, S. Dickerson.
[Richmond, England]: Published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew on behalf of the co-sponsors,
c1994. Rydén, Stig, 1908-1965.

SMITH, Edward, 1839-1919. The life of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal society, with some
notices of his friends and contemporaries, by Edward Smith, with a photogravure frontispiece and sixteen
other illustrations. London, John Lane; New York, John Lane, 1911.

PÁGINAS WEB

The Natural History Museum. A unique resource. The Banks Archive 1997 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/info/banksarchive/

Jim Devine, Hunterian Museum, Univ of Glasgow, Captain Cook Voyages of Discovery: Sir Joseph
Banks 1743- 1820, [on-line] disponível em http://www.gla.ac.uk/Museum/HuntMus/cook/banks.html

Alan Ventress, State Library of New South Wales Sir Joseph Banks' papers [on-line] disponível em
http://www.slnsw.gov.au/Banks/

Stuart Curran, English Department at the Univ of Pennsylvania , People, Joseph Banks, 1998 [on-line]
disponível em http://www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/People/banks.html

AUDUBON, John James, 1785-1851

The art of Audubon: the complete birds and mammals / John James Audubon; with an introd. by
Roger Tory Peterson, New York: Times Books, c1979.
 Audubon and his journals, by Maria R. Audubon, with zoölogical and other notes by Elliott
Coues ..., New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1899.
Audubon birds from the original water colors in the New York historical society; Audubon's text
with notes by Donald A. Shelley., New York, Hastings house [1946]
Audubon, by himself; a profile of John James Audubon from writings selected, arranged, and
edited, by Alice Ford., [1st ed.], Garden City, N.Y., Published for the American Museum of Natural
History [by] the Natural History Press [1969
Audubon in Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana State Museum; Friends of the Cabildo, 1966.
Audubon in the West Compiled, edited, and with an introd. by John Francis McDermott, [1st
ed.], Norman, University of Oklahoma Press [1965]

Audubon reader: the best writings of John James Audubon / edited by Scott Russell Sanders,
Bloomington : Indiana University Press, c1986.
Audubon watercolors and drawings, [Utica? 1965]
Audubon's America; the narratives and experiences of John James Audubon, edited by Donald
Culross Peattie; illustrated with facsimiles of Audubon's prints and paintings, Boston, Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1940.
Audubon's story of his youth. Introduction by Maria R. Audubon, [New York] C. Scribner's
Sons, c1893.
Audubon's wildlife.With selections from the writings of John James Audubon. [Editor:] Edwin
Way Teale, New York, Viking Press [1964]
Bird biographies. Selected and edited by Alice Ford, New York, Macmillan, 1957.
Birds of America.Audubon's Birds of America. Introduction and descriptive captions by Ludlow
Griscom, Popular ed., New York, Macmillan Co., 1950.
The birds of America, from drawings made in the United States and their territories, New York,
J.J. Audubon; Philadelphia, J.B. Chevalier, 1840-44.
Delineations of American scenery and character, by John Audubon; with an introduction by
Francis Hobart Herrick ..., New York, G.A. Baker & Company, 1926.
Journal The 1826 journal of John James Audubon. Transcribed with an introd. and notes by Alice
Ford from the original in the collection of Henry Bradley Martin. Edition [1st ed.], Norman, University
of Oklahoma Press [1967]
Journal of John James Audubon made during his trip to New Orleans in 1820-1821, edited by
Howard Corning, foreword by Ruthven Deane., Boston, The Club of odd volumes, 1929.
Journal of John James Audubon made while obtaining subscriptions to his "Birds of
America"1840-1843, edited by Howard Corning, foreword by Francis H. Herrick., Boston, The Club of
odd volumes, 1929.
The life and adventures of John James Audubon, the naturalist. Ed., from materials supplied by
his widow, by Robert Buchanan, London, S. Low, son, & Marston, 1868.
The original water-color paintings by John James Audubon for The birds of America. Reproduced
in color from the collection at the New-York Historical Society. Introd. by Marshall B. Davidson.Original
ed. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co.; Distributed by Crown Publishers, 1966.
Ornithological biography, or An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of
America; accompanied by descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled The birds of
America, and interspersed with delineations of American scenery and manners. By John James Audubon .
. ., Edinburgh, A. Black; [etc., etc.] 1831-1849 [i.e. 1839]
Works. 1979 The complete Audubon / a precise replica of the complete works of John James
Audubon, comprising the Birds of America (1840-44) and the Quadrupeds of North America (1851-54) in
their entirety, 75th Anniversary ed.Kent [Ohio]: Published for the National Audubon Society by Volair
Books, 1979, c1978.
Scènes de la nature dans les États-Unis et le Nord de l'Améríque / ouverage traduit par Eugène
Bazin. Paris : P. Bertrand, 1857.
A synopsis of the birds of North America. By John James Audubon ..., Edinburgh, A. and C.
Black; [etc., etc.] 1839
The viviparious quadrupeds of North America / [text] by John James Audubon and John
Bachman, New York : Audubon, 1846-53.
Works. 1979 The complete Audubon / a precise replica of the complete works of John James
Audubon, comprising the Birds of America (1840-44) and the Quadrupeds of North America (1851-54) in
their entirety, 75th Anniversary ed., Kent [Ohio]: Published for the National Audubon Society by Volair
Books, 1979, c1978.
Estudos Sobre o Autor
ADUBON, Maria(ed.), John James Audubon and His Journals, N. York, Putman, 1900.

ADAMS, Alexander B. , John James Audubon; a biography, New York, Putnam [1966]

BURROUGHS, John, 1837-1921. , John James Audubon, Woodstock, N.Y. : Overlook Press, 1987.

FORD, Alice, 1906- , John James Audubon: a biography, Norman, univ. of Oklahoma Press., 1954/ New
York : Abbeville Press, c1988

FOSHAY, Ella M., 1948-, John James Audubon, New York : Harry N. Abrams, in association with the
National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1997.

GRAHAM, JR, Frank, The Audubon Ark. A History of the National Audubon Society, Austin, Univ. of
Texas, 1990.

John James Audubon, peintre naturaliste américain, 1785-1851: [exposition], Centre Culturel Américain
octobre-novembre 1960, Paris : Le Centre, [1960]Julho 15, 1998

John James Audubon, The birds of America and other important printed books by Audubon, Mark
Catesby and John Gould: the properties of the University of Edinburgh, The Roman Catholic Dioceseof
Lexington, the Redwood Library and Athenaeum : Friday, April 24, 1992 at 2:00 p.m., New York, N.Y.:
Christie, Manson & Woods International, 1992.

KASTNER, Joseph, John James Audubon , New York : H.N. Abrams, [1992]

KIERAN, Margaret Ford, 1905-, John James Audubon, by Margaret and John Kieran; illustrated by
Christine Price, New York, Random House [1954]

OWENS, Carlotta J., John James Audubon : The birds of America, Washington, D.C.: National Gallery
of Art, c1984.Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc.

PROBY, Kathryn Hall, 1921-, Audubon in Florida. With selections from the writings of John James
Audubon, Coral Gables, Fla., University of Miami Press c1974.

REYNOLDS, Gary A, John James Audubon & his sons: catalog, New York, N.Y. (33 Washington Pl.,
New York): Grey Art Gallery and Study Center, c1982.

WEED, Clarence Moores, 1864-1947, comp., Bird life stories, comp. from the writings of Audubon,
Bendire, Nuttall, and Wilson, by Clarence Moores Weed., Chicago [etc.] Rand, McNally & company
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DARWIN, Charles, 1809-1882.

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A Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University
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The Essential Darwin, Boston: Little, Brown, c1984.
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The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press,
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ALEXANDER, Richard D., Darwinism and Human Affairs / Richard D. Alexander.Seattle: University of
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BALDWIN, James Mark, Darwin and the Humanities, 2nd ed , London: Swann Sonnenschein, 1910

BANTON, Michael P. ed. Darwinism and the Study of Society, a Centenary Symposium. With
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BARRETT, Paul H., A Concordance to Darwin's Origin of Species, first edit, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell
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BARZUN, Jacques, 1907- Darwin, Marx, Wagner: Critique of a Heritage. Rev. 2d ed. Garden City,
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BECKSTROM, John H., 1932- Darwinism Applied: Evolutionary Paths to Social Goals / John H.
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BEER, Gillian. Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot, and Nineteenth-Century
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BELL, Peter Robert. ed. Darwin's Biological Work; Some Aspects Reconsidered, by P.R. Bell [and
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BURNABY, John Darwin and the Human Situation.Cambridge, W. Heffer [1959]

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COBBE, Frances Power, 1822-1904. Darwinism in Morals, and other Essays. Reprinted from the
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COMFORT, Alex, 1920- Darwin and The Naked Lady; Discursive Essays on Biology and Art. London,
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CONRY, Yvette. Correspondance entre Charles Darwin et Gaston de Saporta. Précédée de Histoire de
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DALE, Peter Allen, In Pursuit of a Scientific Culture: Science, Art, and Society in the Victorian Age,
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Darwin and Evolution / David Corbett, editor.[Adelaide]: Dept. of Continuing Education, University of
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Darwin in Retrospect / H.H.J. Nesbitt, editor; J.C.S. Wernham [et al.]Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1960.

Darwin to Einstein: Historical Studies on Science and Belief / edited by Colin Chant and John
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Darwin, Marx, and Freud: their Influence on Moral Theory / edited by Arthur L. Caplan and Bruce
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DE LA FUENTE, Carlo A. Darwin e il Cammino Verso il DNA / [a cura di Carlo A. de la Fuente].- Roma
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GLICK, Thomas F. Darwin y el Darwinismo: en el Uruguay y en América Latina / Thomas F. Glick.

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HEADLEY, F. W. (Frederick Webb), 1856-1919. Darwinism and Modern Socialism / by F. W. Headley.

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HINGSTON, R. W. G. (Richard William George), 1887- Darwin, by F. W. G. Hingston

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ISAACS, Leonard, 1939- Darwin to Double Helix: the Biological Theme in Science Fiction / Leonard
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JOHNSON, Phillip E., 1940- Darwin on Trial / Phillip E. Johnson. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity
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JONES, Arthur Edward (1950), Darwinism and its Relationship to Realism and Naturalism in American
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LACK, David Lambert. Darwin's Finches; an Essay on the General Biological Theory of Evolution by
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LANDUCCI, Giovanni. Darwinismo a Firenze: tra Scienza e Ideologia (1860-1900) / Giovanni

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MITCHELL, P. Chalmers (Peter Chalmers), Sir, 1864-1945. Evolution and the War. French Le
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MURPHY, Elymer J., Beyond Darwin, Sussex, England: Book Guild, c1982.

NADVI, Khurshid S. Darwinism on Trial / Khurshid S. Nadvi.2nd rev. ed. London: Ta-Ha, 1993

NOBEL CONFERENCE (18th 1982: Gustavus Adolphus College) Darwin's Legacy / Nobel Conference
XVIII, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota edited by Charles L. Hamrum; with
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PELLEGRINO, Charles R. Darwin's Universe: Origins and Crises in the History of Life / Charles R.
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PLOTKIN, H.C. (Henry C.) Darwin Machines and the Nature of Knowledge / Henry Plotkin. Cambridge,
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QUATREFAGES DE BRÉAU, Armand de, 1810-1892. Darwin et ses Précurseurs Français étude sur le
Ttransformisme, par A. de Qutrefages.2. éd. rev. et augm.Paris, G. Baillière, 1892.

RICHARDS, Robert John, 1942- Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Ttheories of Mind and
Behavior /Robert J. Richards.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

RITCHIE, David George, 1853-1903. Darwin and Hegel, with other Philosophical Studies, by David G.
Ritchie.London, S. Sonnenschein & Co.; New York, Macmillan & Co., 1893.

RITVO, Lucille B., 1920- Darwin's Influence on Freud: a Tale of two Sciences / Lucille B. Ritvo. New
Haven: Yale University Press, c1990.
ROBERTS, Jon H. Darwinism and the Divine in America: Protestant Intellectuals and Organic
Evolution, 1859-1900 / Jon H. Roberts.Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

ROPPEN, George, Evolution and Poetic Belief. A Study in Some Victorian and Modern Writers, Oslo:
Oslo University Press, 1956.

ROUTH, Harold Victor, Towards the Twentieth Century: Essays in the Spiritual History of the
Nineteenth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937.

RUSE, Michael. Darwinism Defended: a Guide to the Evolution Controversies / Michael Ruse; foreword
by Ernst Mayr.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, Advanced Book Program/World Science Division,
1982.

RUSE, Michael. The Darwinian Paradigm: Essays on its History, Philosophy, and Religious Implications
/ Michael Ruse. London; New York: Routledge

Selections. 1956 The Darwin Reader; edited by Marston Bates and Philip S. Humphrey. New York,
Scribner [1956]

SIMPSON, George Gaylord, 1902- The Book of Darwin, New York: Washington Square Press, c1982.

SIMS, Michael, 1958- Darwin's Orchestra: an Almanac of Nature in History and the Arts / Michael
Sims.1st ed. New York: Henry Holt, 1997.

SNELL, Reginald. Darwin [by] L. B. Pekin [pseud.] London, L. and Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press,
1937.

STEVENSON, Lionel, 1902- Darwin Among the Poets, Lionel Stevenson.Chicago, Ill., The University of
Chicago press [c1932
'Darwin and the novel', Nineteenth-Century Fiction, vol. 15 (June), 1960, pp. 29-38.

STORNAIOLO, Ugo. Darwin, Marx, Freud, Einstein: l'Avventura del Pensiero Occidentale / Ugo
Stornaiolo.Milano, Italy: Centro studi Terzo mondo, [1992]

The Darwinian Heritage: Including Proceedings of the Charles Darwin Centenary Conference, Florence
Center for the History and Philosophy of Science, June 1982 / edited by David Kohn, with bibliographic
assistance from Malcolm J. Kottler. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, in association with Nova
Pacifica, c1985.

The Fragile Environment: the Darwin College Lectures / edited by Laurie Friday and Ronald
Laskey.Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1989.

THORNTON, Ian W. B. Darwin's Islands: a Natural History of the Galápagos [by] Ian Thornton. [1st
ed.]Garden City, N. Y., Published for the American Museum of Natural History [by] Natural History
Press, 1971.

TODES, Daniel Philip. Darwin without Malthus: the Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary
Thought / Daniel P. Todes.New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

TURNER, John Mills (1944), 'The Response of Major American Writers to Darwinism, 1859-1910',
unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University.

VANDERPOOL, Harold Y., comp. Darwin and Darwinism; Revolutionary Insights Concerning Man,
Nature, Religion, and Society. Edited and with an introd. by Harold Y. Vanderpool. Lexington, Mass.,
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VUCINICH, Alexander, 1914- Darwin in Russian Tthought/ Alexander Vucinich. Berkeley: University
of California Press, c1988.
WEINDLING, Paul. Darwinism and Social Darwinism in Imperial Germany: the Contribution of the cell
Biologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922) / Paul Julian Weindling. Stuttgart; New York: G. Fisher, 1991.

WHITE, Michael, 1959- Darwin: a Life in Science/ Michael White and John Gribbin. London: Simon &
Schuster, 1995.

WINSLOW, John H., 1932- Darwin's Victorian Malady; Evidence for its Medically Induced Origin [by]
John H. Winslow. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1971.

YOUNG, Robert Maxwell. Darwin's Metaphor: Nature's Place in Victorian Culture/ Robert M. Young.
Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

ZIMMERMAN, Paul Albert, 1918- ed. Darwin, Evolution, and Creation [by] Paul A. Zimmerman, editor
[and others] Saint Louis, Concordia Pub. House, 1959.

ZIRKLE, Conway, Evolution, Marxian Biology, and the Social Scene, Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1959.

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livros: The Descent Of Man (1871) On the Origin of Species (1859) The Voyage Of The Beagle (1909)

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http://www.discovergalapagos.com/

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disponível em http://www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/People/cdarwin.html

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 THOREAU, David Henry, 1817-1862.

A Pig Tale, New Fairfield, Conn.: Bruce Rogers, 1947.

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, Avon, Conn.: Limited Editions Club,
1975./Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980. /Franklin Center, Pa.: Franklin Library, 1983./
New York : AMS Press, 1982. /New York, N.Y.: Literary Classics of the United States: Distributed to
the trade in the U.S. and Canada by Viking Press, c1985.
A Yearning toward Wildness, Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, c1991. / New York: Penguin Books,
1993.
An American Landscape, New York: Paragon House, 1991.
Autumnal Tints, Bedford, Mass.: Applewood Books, [1996]
Backwoods and along the Seashore, Boston: Shambhala, 1995.
Cape Cod, Portland, Me., Printed at the Anthoensen Press for the members of the Limited
Editions Club, 1968/ New York: AMS Press, [1982] /Boston: Little, Brown, c1985. / Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1988/City at bay: 1979 New York: Arbor House, c1979 Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1993.
Civil Disobedience, and other Essays, New York: Dover Publications, 1993.
Civil Disobedience, Boston, D. R. Godine, 1969.
Clear Dky, Pure Light, Lincoln, Mass.: Penmaen Press, c1978.
Consciousness in Concord, New York: AMS Press, [1985]
Dynasty of Power, New York: Arbor House, c1982.
Early Essays and Miscellanies, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Excursions, and Poems, New York: AMS Press, [1982]
Faith in a Seed, Washington, D.C.: Island Press/Shearwater Books, c1993.
Familiar Letters, New York: AMS Press, [1982]
Great Short Works of Henry David Thoreau, New York: Harper & Row, 1982.
Henry D. Thoreau, Paris: L'Herne, c1994.
Henry David Thoreau, New York: Gramercy; Avenel, N.J.: Distributed by Outlet Book Co.,
c1993.
House-warming and Winter Visitor, Camden, N.J.: Haddon Craftsmen, 1936.
In the Footsteps of the artist, Wilmington, Del.: Middle Atlantic Press, c1986.
In the Woods and Fields of Concord, Salt Lake City, Utah: G.M. Smith, 1982.
In Wildness is the Preservation of the World, San Francisco: Sierra Club, [1988], c1962.
Journal, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981-<1992 > / New York: AMS Press,
[1982]
Letters to Various Persons, Folcroft, Pa.: Folcroft Library Editions, 1975./ Norwood, Pa.:
Norwood Editions, 1976. / Philadelphia: R. West, 1978.
Life without Principle, Folcroft, Pa.: Folcroft Library Editions, 1977./ Norwood, Pa. : Norwood
Editions, 1978.
Political Writings, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Reflections at Walden, [Kansas City, Mo., Hallmark, 1971]
Selected Writings, Arlington Heights, Ill.: H. Davidson, [1988]
Selections 1988 Thoreau's Comments on the art of Writing / edited and with an introduction by
Richard Dillman. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, c1987.
Selections from the Journals, New York: Dover Publications, c1995.
Simplify, Simplify and other Quotations from Henry David, New York: Columbia University
Press, c1996.
Solitude, New York: Modern Library, 1996.
Some Unpublished Letters of Henry D. and Sophia E. Thor, New York: AMS Press, [1985]
Sweet, Wild World, Boston: Charles River Books, c1982.
The Annotated Walden: Walden; New York, C. N. Potter; distributed by Crown Publishers
[c1970]
The Bluebird Carries the Sky on his Back. , [Los Angeles] Stanyan Books [1970]
The green Thoreau, San Rafael, Calif.: New World Library, c1992.
The Illustrated A Week on the Concord and Merrimack river, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press, 1983.
The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1984.
The Maine Woods, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, 1988.
 The Maine woods. 1982 New York: AMS Press, [1982] / New York: Perennial Library, 1987,
c1864.
The Moon, New York: AMS Press, [1985]
The Natural History Essays, Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1980. / 1989 Salt Lake City:
Peregrine Smith Books, [1989]
The Natural Man, Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Pub. House, 1978.
The Poet's Delay, New York: Rizzoli, 1992.
The Portable Thoreau, New York: Penguin Books, 1977, c1964.
The Santanic Condition, New York: Arbor House, c1981.
The Service, New York: Gordon Press, 1976, c1902.
The Thoreau Calendar, Norwood, Pa.: Norwood Editions, 1977.
The Thoughts of Thoreau, New York: L. Dodd, Mead, 1987.
The Winged Life, Covelo, Calif.: Yolla Bolly Press, c1986. /San Francisco: Sierra Club Books,
c1986/ New York: HarperPerennial, 1992.
The Works of Henry David Thoreau, Stamford, Conn.: Longmeadow Press, 1995.
The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, New York: AMS Press, [1982]
Thoreau Country, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1975.
Thoreau in the Mountains, writings by Henry David Thoreau; commentary by William Howarth.
New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, c1982.
Thoreau on Birds, Bosto : Beacon Press, c1993.
Thoreau on Writing, Conway, AR: University of Central Arkansas Press; Lanham, MD
Distributed by arrangement with University Pub. Associates, c1989.
Thoreau Today; Selections from his Writings. Edited by Helen Barber Morrison. With an introd.
by Odell Shepard. New York, Comet Press Books, 1957.
Thoreau's Cape Cod, with the early photographs of Herbert W. Gleason. Edited, with an introd.,
by Thea Wheelwright. Barre, Mass., Barre Publishers, 1971.
Thoreau's Comments on the Art of Writing, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, c1987.
Thoreau's Garden , Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, c1996.
Thoreau's Literary Note-book 1840 [1840-1848?] in the Library of Congress. Facsimile text
edited by Kenneth Walter Cameron. Hartford, Transcendental Books [c1964]
Thoreau's Minnesota Journey, New York: AMS Press, [1985]
Thoreau's Vision: the Major Essays. Edited by Charles R. Anderson. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
Prentice-Hall [1973]
Thoreau's Walde, Waukesha, Wis.: Country Beautiful, c1976.
Thoreau's World; Miniatures from his Journal, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall [1971]
Two Fragments from the Journals, Iowa City: Windhover Press, University of Iowa, c1968.
Walden,/ 1969 Columbus, Ohio, C. E. Merrill [1969] / London : W. Scott, [1886]/1981. /1982
New Yor: AMS Press, [1982] / Walden; 1970 [London] Distributed by Heron Books [c1970] / Salt Lake
City: G.M. Smith, 1981. /Philadelphia, Pa: Running Press, c1987./Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press, 1989. /Philadelphia, Pa: Courage Books, c1990. /London: J.M. Dent; Rutland, Vt.: C.E. Tuttle,
c1992./ Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995 /Stamford, CT : Longmeadow Press, 1996. /Boston: Beacon
Press, c1997. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Walden; and, Civil Disobedience, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England; New York, N.Y.:
Penguin Books, 1983.
Walden; and, Resistance to Civil Government, New York: W.W. Norton, c1992.
Walden and other Writings of Henry David Thoreau, New York: Modern Library, 1992.
Walden, a Concordance, New York: Garland Pub., 1985.
Walden, and other Writings, Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday [1970] / New York; Modern
Library, c1981.
Walden, or Life in the Woods; On the duty of Civil dis , New York: Collier Books, 1986, c1962. /
Philadelphia: H. Altemus, [1899?] / New York: A.A. Knopf, c1992/ Walden, or, Life in the woods / 1973
Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1973. /Franklin Center, Pa.: Franklin Library, 1981. /
Franklin Center, Pa.: Franklin Library, 1983. / New York: Vintage Books/The Library of America, 1991./
New York: Dover Publications, 1995.
Walden Salt Lake City, G.M. Smith, / Franklin Center, Pa: Franklin Library, 1976.
Walking, Boston: Applewood Books, 1987. / Dallas: Heritage Press, 1989/ San Francisco:
Harper San Francisco, c1994.
Where I Stand, Greensboro, N.C.: Tudor Publishers, c1992.
Wild Apples, [Bedford, Mass.]: Applewood Books; Chester, CT: Distributed by Globe Pequot
Press, [1992]
 Wood-notes Wild: 1995 Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, c1995.
Works of Henry David Thoreau, New York: Avenel Books: distributed by Crown Publishers,
c1981./ New York, NY: Longmeadow Press, 1986, c1981.

ESTUDOS SOBRE:

ANDERSON, Charles. The Magic Circle of Walden. New York, 1968.

BENNETT, Jane, 1957- Thoreau's Nature: Ethics, Politics, and the Wild / Jane Bennett. Thousand Oaks,
Calif.: Sage Publications, c1994.

BICKMAN, Martin. Walden: Volatile Truths. New York, 1992.

BOONE, Joseph Allen. "Delving and Diving for Truth: Breaking through to Bottom in Thoreau's
Walden." ESQ 27 (1981): 135-46.

BOUDREAU, Gordon V. The Roots of Walden and the Tree of Life. Nashville, 1990.

CAVELL, Stanley. The Senses of Walden. New York, 1972.

CAMERON, Kenneth Walter, 1908- The Thoreau Secondary Bibliography. Supplement two (1836-
1940): with an Appendix of Commentary and Documents / by Kenneth Walter Cameron. Hartford:
Transcendental Books, c1997.
ed. Thoreau's Harvard Years; Materials Introductory to new Explorations, Record of fact and
Background. Hartford, Transcendental Books [1966]

CHANNING, William Ellery, 1817-1901. Thoreau: the Poet-naturalist; with Memorial Verses / by
William Ellery Channing; new ed., enl., edited by F. B. Sanborn.New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1951

CHRISTIE, John Aldrich. Thoreau as World Traveler. New York: Columbia University Press with the
cooperation of the American Geographical Society, 1965.

DICKENS, Robert. Thoreau: the Complete Individualist; his Relevance--and Lack of it--for our Time.[1st
ed.]New York, Exposition Press [1974]

DOMBROWSKI, Daniel A. Thoreau the Platonist / Daniel A. Dombrowski.New York: P. Lang, c1986.

FLAK, Micheline. Thoreau; ou la Sagesse au Service de l'Action. [Paris] Seghers [1973]

GARBER, Frederick. Thoreau's Fable of Inscribing / Frederick Garber. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press, c1991.
.Thoreau's Redemptive Imagination / Frederick Garber. New York: New York University Press,
1977.

GOLEMBA, Henry L. Thoreau's Wild Rhetoric / Henry Golemba. New York: New York University
Press, c1990.

GURCHE, Charles. Thoughts from Walden Pond by Henry David Thoreau, San Francisco: Pomegranate,
1998.

HAMILTON, Franklin W. Thoreau on the Art of Writing, by Franklin W. Hamilton. [n.p., 1967]

HANSON, Elizabeth I. Thoreau's Indian of the Mind / Elizabeth I. Hanson. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin
Mellen Press, c1991.

HARDING, Walter Ray, 1917- A Thoreau Handbook / Walter Harding.New York: New York University
Press, c1959.
The New Thoreau Handbook. New York, 1980.
 ed. Thoreau: a Century of Criticism. Dallas, Southern Methodist University Press, 1954.
ed. Thoreau, Man of Concord. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston [1960]
Thoreau's Library.Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, 1957.

Harvard University. Class of 1837. Memorials of the Class of 1837 of Harvard University Thoreau and
his Harvard Classmates; Henry Williams' Memorials of the Class of 1837. With a commentary and an
index by Kenneth Walter Cameron. Hartford, Transcendental Books [1965]

HICKS, John H. (John Harland), 1919- ed. Thoreau in our Season, edited with an introd. by John H.
Hicks. [Amherst] University of Massachusetts Press [1966]

HILDEBIDLE, John, 1946-, Thoreau, a Naturalist's Liberty / John Hildebidle. Cambridge, Mass. :
Harvard University Press, 1983.

HOUGH, Henry Beetle, 1896- Thoreau of Walden; the Man and his Eventful Life. New York, Simon and
Schuster, 1956.

JOHNSON, Linck C., 1946-, Thoreau's Complex Weave: the Writing of A Week on the Concord and
Merrimack Rivers, with the Text of the First Draft / Linck C. Johnson. Charlottesville: Published for the
Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, by the University Press of Virginia, 1986.

JONES, Samuel Arthur, 1834-1912. Thoreau Amongst Friends and Philistines, and other Thoreauviana /
by Samuel Arthur Jones; edited by George Hendrick. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, c1982.

KEYES, Langley Carleton. Thoreau, Voice in the Edgeland; a Biography in Sonnets. Chapel Hill,
University of North Carolina Press [1955]

LANE, Lauriat, Jr. ed. Approaches to Walden. Belmont, 1961.

LEBEAUX, Richard, 1946- Thoreau's Seasons / Richard Lebeaux. Amherst: University of Massachusetts
Press, 1984.

MCINTOSH, James, 1934- Thoreau as Romantic Naturalist; his Shifting Stance Toward Nature.Ithaca.
Cornell University Press [1974]

MELTZER, Milton, 1915- ed. A Thoreau Profile, by Milton Meltzer and Walter Harding. New York,
Crowell [1962]

METZGER, Charles Reid, 1921- Thoreau and Whitman: a Study of their Esthetics. Seattle, University of
Washington Press, 1961.

MOLLER, Mary Elkins, 1929- Thoreau in the Human Community / Mary Elkins Moller.Amherst:
University of Massachusetts Press, 1980.

PAUL, Sherman. ed. Thoreau, a Collection of Critical Essays.Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall
[1962]
The Shores of America: Thoreau's Inward Exploration. Urbana, 1958

PECK, H. Daniel. Thoreau's Morning Work, memory and perception in A week on the Concord and
Merrimack rivers, The journal, and Walden / H. Daniel Peck. New Haven: Yale University Press, c1990.

REDDY, V. Narayan Karan. Thoreau, Gandhi, Vinoba/ by V. Narayan Karan Reddy. Hyderabad: India
Sahitilata Publications, [1962?]

RULAND, Richard, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Walden: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Englewood Cliffs, 1968.

SATTELMEYER, Robert. Thoreau's Reading: a Study in Intellectual History with Bibliographical

Catalogue / Robert Sattelmeyer.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1988.
SAYRE, Robert F. Thoreau and the American Indians / Robert F. Sayre.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press, c1977.

SCHNEIDER, Richard J., Henry David Thoreau, Boston, 1987.

SEAL, Cheryl, 1951-, Thoreau's Maine Woods, photographs by Robert F. Bukaty. Emmaus, Pa.: Yankee
Books; New York: Distributed by St. Martin's Press, 1992.

SEEFURTH, Nathaniel Henry. Thoreau; a View from Emeritus, by Nathaniel H. Seefurth.Chicago,

Seefurth Foundation [1968]

SEYBOLD, Ethel. Thoreau; the Quest and the Classics. New Haven, Yale University Press, c1951

SHANLEY, J. Lyndon. The Making of Walden. Chicago, 1957.

STOWELL, Robert Frederick, 1920- A Thoreau Gazetteer, by Robert F. Stowell. Edited by William L.
Howarth.Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1970.

The Thoreau log: a Documentary Life of Henry David Thoreau, 1817-1862 /[compiled by] Raymond R.
Borst.New York: G.K. Hall; Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada; New York :Maxwell Macmillan
International, c1992.

Thoreau Abroad; twelve Bibliographical Essays. Edited by Eugene F. Timpe. With a foreword by Walter
Harding. [Hamden, Conn.] Archon Books, 1971.

Thoreau as Seen by his Contemporaries / edited by Walter Harding.New York: Dover Publications, 1989.

Thoreau Country: Photographs and Text Selections from the Works of H. D. Thoreau / by Herbert W.
Gleason; edited by Mark Silber; introd. by Paul Brooks. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1975.

Thoreau: Philosopher of Freedom; Writings on Liberty by Henry David Thoreau, selected, with an
introduction, by James MacKaye New York, The Vanguard Press, 1930

Thoreau's Psychology: Eight Essays/ edited by Raymond D. Gozzi.Lanham, MD: University Press of
America, c1983. Essays originally presented at a conference held in Apr., 1978 at the State University
College of Arts and Sciences at Geneseo, N.Y. and sponsored by the Conversations in the Disciplines
Program of the State University of New York.Includes bibliographical references.

WOLF, William J. Thoreau: Mystic, Prophet, Ecologist [by] William J. Wolf. Philadelphia, United
Church Press [1974]

PUBLICAÇÕES PERIÓDICAS:

Thoreau Journal Quarterly. Vol./date v. 1-13; Jan. 1969-July/Oct. 1981.Orono, Me. [etc.] Published by
the Thoreau Fellowship.

The Thoreau Quarterly. Vol./date Vol. 14, no.1 (winter 1982)-v. 17, no.1 & 2 (winter/spring 1985).
[Minneapolis, Minn.] : Thoreau Quarterly, Inc., 1982-1985.

The Thoreau Society Bulletin.Chapel Hill, N. C. [etc.]Irregular, 1941-43; quarterly, 1944-Published by the
Thoreau Society.

PÁGINAS WEB

TEXTOS:
A Plea for Captain John Brown [on-line] disponível em gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/149/2
Life Without Principle [on-line] disponível em gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/149/3
Slavery In Massachussetts [on-line] disponível em gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/149/4
 Another site with Walden [on-line] disponível em gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/149/5

Thoreau, Henry David: Walden [on-line] disponível em gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/02/149/5

David Henry Thoreau [on-line] disponível em http://burn.ucsd.edu/~anow/ppl/wri/thoreau/index.html

University of Toronto, The Maine Woods , [on-line] disponível em

http://dev.library.utoronto.ca/utel/nonfiction/thoreauh_mw/mw_titlepage.html

Josh Knauer, Henry David Thoreau a biography , 1995 [on-line] disponível em

http://envirolink.org/elib/enviroethics/thoreaubio.html

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) , [on-line] disponível em http://history.hanover.edu/19th/thoreau.htm

Henry David Thoreau [on-line] disponível em http://members.tripod.com/~TortiseShell_Cottage/t-

thoreau.htm

Jone Johnson, Henry David Thoreau,1995 [on-line] disponível em http://miso.wwa.com/~jej/1thorea.html

Links to all the sources of Thoreau's writings on the Web

Jone Johnson, Henry David Thoreau,1995 [on-line] disponível em http://miso.wwa.com/~jej/1thorea.html

TEXTOS: Civil Disobedience: 1849 Life Without Principle: 1863 Plea for Captain John Brown:
1859 Slavery in Massachusetts: 1854 Walden; or Life in the Woods: 1854

Index of Walden [on-line] disponível em

http://rotten.egg.com/ReadingRoom/Literature/OnWaldenPond/index.html

University of Maryland , Sean Mahoney, CyberSaunter: Henry David Thoreau [on-line] disponível em
http://umsa.umd.edu/thoreau/

University of Maryland, The Life of Henry David Thoreau [on-line] disponível em

http://umsa.umd.edu/thoreau/history.html

Civil Disobedience , [on-line] disponível em http://www.cs.indiana.edu/statecraft/civ.dis.html

Cynthia Melville and Dara Murray, Henry David Thoreau, 1997 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.delta.edu/~anburke/amlit/studentwork/thoreau.html

Walden [on-line] disponível em http://www.ecomall.com/wood.htm

Walking by Henry David Thoreau [on-line] disponível em

http://www.glue.umd.edu/~pdouglas/walking.html

Writings of Henry D. Thoreau: The Journal [on-line] disponível em http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwhdt/

Ray Angelo, Botanical Index to Henry Thoreau's Journal. Web Introduction, 1998 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.herbaria.harvard.edu/~rangelo/BotIndex/WebIntro.html

New England Literary Tour [on-line] disponível em http://www.inc.net/~fhs/littour/walden.html

Universit of California, ElizabethWhiterell, The Writing of Henry D. Thoreau , 1998 [on-line]

disponível em http://www.library.ucsb.edu/depts/thoreau/

Universit of California , The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau: Frequently Asked Questions [on-line]
disponível em http://www.library.ucsb.edu/depts/thoreau/bfaq.html

WALDEN Mailing list, [on-line] disponível em http://www.mcelhearn.com/thoreau/waldenlist.html

WALDEN is a mailing list dedicated to Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 to May 6, 1862)
Thoreau, Henry David, [on-line] disponível em
http://www.netwalk.com/~vireo/Thoreau_Henry_David.html

Genius Ignored. Chapter 5. Thoreau, [on-line] disponível em

http://www.serve.com/Lucius/Thoreau.index.html

The Electronic Drummer(The Thoreau Institute), 1998 [on-line] disponível em

http://www.teleport.com/~rot/index.html

The Thoreau Society [on-line] disponível em http://www.waldenfont.com/thoreau/thorsoc.htm

Henry David Thoreau Pages, 1996 [on-line] disponível em http://www.wwander.com/hdtp.html

HUXLEY, Thomas Henry 1825-1895

A Course of Elementary Instruction in Practical Biology, 1876 London and New York,
Macmillan and co., 1876./ 1879 London, Macmillan and co., 1879. / 1883 London, Macmillan and co.,
1883.
A Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals. 1871 London, J. & A. Churchill, 1871. / New
York, D. Appleton and company, 1872. /1886 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1886. /
Agnosticism and Christianity, and other Essays / 1992 Buffalo, N.Y. : Prometheus Books, 1992.
American Address, with a Lecture on the Study of Biology, 1877 London, Macmillan and co.,
1877.
An Introduction to the Classification of Animals. 1869 London, J. Churchill & sons, 1869
Animal Autotism, and other Essays, Science and Culture; 1884 [New York, J. Fitzgerald & co.,
1884]
Autobiography and Selected Essays, 1909 Boston, New York [etc.] Houghton Mifflin company
[c1909] / 1910 New York, Chicago, D. Appleton and company, 1910/1911/1912 / 1896 [New York, D.
Appleton and company, 1896-1902] /1968 New York, Greenwood Press [1968]
Critiques and Addresses. 1873 London, Macmillan and co., 1873. / 1873 New York, D.
Appleton and company, 1873.
Darwiniana. 1896 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1896.
Discourses, Biological and Geological; 1968 New York, Greenwood Press [1968]
Essays upon some Controverted Questions, 1892 New York, D. Appleton, 1892. / 1929 New
York, The Macmillan company, 1929.
Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature. 1863 London and Edinburgh, Williams and Norgate,
1863. / 1871 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1871/1880 New York, The Humboldt publishing co.
[1880]
Evolution and Ethics and other Essays, 1893 London, New York, Macmillan and co.,
1893/1896 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1896. /, 1893-1943, 1947 London, Pilot Press, 1947. /,
1902 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1902. // 1960 St. Clair Shores, Mich., Scholarly Press [196-
?] /1989 Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, c1989
Freedom in Science and Tteaching. 1879 London, C. K. Paul & co., 1879.
Hume, 1879 New York, Harper & brothers [1879]/ 1884 New York, J. W. Lovell company
[1884] / New York, Harper & brothers [1887] / 1902 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1902. /1968
New York, AMS Press [1968]
Hume, with Helps to the Study of Berkeley; 1894 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1894./
1896 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1896.
Huxley's Autobiography and Selected Essays from Lay Sermons, 1910 New York [etc.]
Longmans, Green, and co., 1910.
Introduccion al Estudio de las Ciencias. 1890 Nueva York, D. Appleton y compania, 1890.
Introductory [science primer] /1880 London, Macmillan and co., 1880. /1882 New York, D.
Appleton and company, 1882. /1890 New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book company [189-?]
Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews. 1870 New York, D. Appleton & company, 1870. / 1871
New York, D. Appleton & company, 1871.
 Lectures & Lay Sermons, 1926 London & Toronto, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd.; New York, E. P.
Dutton & co. [1926]
Lectures and Essays, 1902 New York, The Macmillan Company, 1902.
Lectures on Evolution: with an Appendix on the Study of Biology. 1882 [New York, J.
Fitzgerald & co., 1882]
Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy. 1864 London, J. Churchill and sons, 1864.
Lessons in Elementary Physiology, 1900 New York, The Macmillan company; [etc., etc.] 1900.
Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, 1913 London, Macmillan and co., ltd., 1913.
Man's Place in Nature, and other Anthropological Essays, 1890 New York, Hurst and company
[189-?] / 1894 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1894. / 1896 New York, D. Appleton and company,
1896. / 1902 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1902. / 1904 New York, J. A. Hill and company,
1904. / [Ann Arbor] University of Michigan Press [1959]
Method and Results; Essays 1893 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1893. / New York, D.
Appleton and company, 1896. /. 1902 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1902./ 1933 London, J. M.
Dent & sons, ltd.; New York, E. P. Dutton & co., inc.[1933] /1968 New York, Greenwood Press [1968]
More Criticisms on Darwin, and Administrative Nihilism. 1883 New York, D. Appleton and
company, 1883.
On a Piece of Chalk. 1967 New York, Scribner [1967]
On Education in Universitites. 1876 [n.p.] 1876.
On our Knowledge of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature. 1863 London, R.
Hardwicke, 1863.
On the Educational Value of the Natural History Sciences. 1854 London, J. Van Voorst, 1854.
On the Origin of Species: 1863 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1863/ New York, D.
Appleton and company, 1872. / 1878 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1878. / 1968 Ann Arbor,
University of Michigan Press [1968]
On the Physical Basis of Life. 1869 New Haven, Conn., The college courant, 1869. /1870 New
Haven, Conn., C. C. Chatfield, 1870.
On Yeast, Protoplasm, and the Germ Theory. 1873 Boston, Estes & Lauriat [1873]
Physiography: 1888 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1888.
Physiography: an Introduction to the Study of Nature. 1877 London, Macmillan and co., 1877. /
1878 London, Macmillan and co., 1878. / 1892 New York, D. Appleton & company, 1892. / 1893
London and New York, Macmillan and co., 1893. /1900 New York, D. Appleton and co., limited;
London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1900. / 1934 New York, Harcourt, Brace and company [c1934]
Science and Christian Tradition. 1894 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1894. / 1896 New
York, D. Appleton and company, 1896. /1902 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1902./ New York,
Greenwood Press [1968]
Science and Culture, and other Essays. 1882 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1882.
Science and Education Essays 1896 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1896. /New York,
D. Appleton and company, 1901. /1904 New York, J. A. Hill and company, 1904./ 1925 London,
Macmillan and co., limited, 1925. /1964 New York, Philosophical Library [1964]
Science and Hebrew Tradition; Essays 1894 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1894. / 1897
New York, D. Appleton and company, 1897. /1901 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1901.
Selected Essays and Addresses of Thomas Henry Huxley; 1910 New York, The Macmillan
company, 1910.
Selections from Huxley, 1912 New York, H. Holt and company, 1912.
Selections from Huxley, Embracing the Autobiography; On the Advisableness of Improving
Natural Knowledge; A Liberal Education and where to find it; On a Piece of chalk. 1911 Boston, New
York [etc.] Ginn and company [c1911]
Selections from the Essays of Thomas Henry Huxley. 1948 New York, F. S. Crofts, 1948. /1986
Arlington Heights, Ill. : H. Davidson, [1986] printing, c1948.
Social Diseases and Worse Remedies. 1891 New York, The Humboldt publishing co. [1891]
/1891 London, and New York, Macmillan and co., 1891.
Social Diseases and Worse Remedies; Letters to the "Times" on Mr. Booth's Scheme with a pref.
and reprinted introductory essay. 1891 London, New York, Macmillan, 1891.
T. H. Huxley's Diary of the Voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake. 1935 London, Chatto and Windus,
1935. / 1936 Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Doran & company, inc., 1936.
Technical education, and other essays. 1885 New York, J. Fitzgerald, 1885.
The Advance of Science in the last Half-century, 1887 New York, D. Appleton and company,
1887. / 1888 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1888.
 The Crayfish. 1880 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1880. / 1881 London, C. K. Paul &
co., 1881.
The Elements of Physiology and Hygiene; 1868 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1868. /
1873 New York, D. Appleton and company, 1873. / 1896 New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book
company [c1896]
The Essence of T. H. Huxley: Selections from his Writin 1967 London, Melbourne [etc.]
Macmillan, New York, St. Martin's P.,1967
London. University. Imperial College of Science and Technology. The Huxley Papers; a
Descriptive Catalogue of the Correspondence, Manuscripts and Miscellaneous Papers of the Rt. Hon.
Thomas Henry Huxley ... 1946 London, Published for the Imperial College of Science and Technology by
Macmillan, 1946.
The Major Prose of Thomas Henry Huxley / 1997 Athens: University of Georgia Press, c1997
The Oceanic Hydrozoa; a Description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae Observed
during the Voyage of H.M.S. "Rattlesnake," 1859 London, Printed for the Ray society, 1859.
The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley, ed. --Supplementary volume 1903 London,
Macmillan and co., limited; New York, D. Appleton and company, 1903.
Touchstone for Ethics, 1893-1943 1947 New York, Harper [1947]

ESTUDOS SOBRE:

AINSWORTH DAVIS, J. R. (James Richard), 1861-1934. Thomas H. Huxley; by J.R. Ainsworth Davis
...London, J.M. Dent & co.; New York, E.P. Dutton & co., 1907

AYRES, Clarence Edwin, 1891-1972. Huxley, by Clarence Ayres. New York, W.W. Norton & Company,
inc. [c1932]

BIBBY, Cyril. T. H., Huxley; Scientist, Humanist and Educator. London, Watts [1959]

CLODD, Edward, 1840-1930. Thomas Henry Huxley, by Edward Clodd ... New York, Dodd, Mead and
Co., 1902.

COLLIE, Michael. Huxley at Work: with the Scientific Correspondence of T.H. Huxley and the Rev. Dr
George Gordon of Birnie, near Elgin / Michael Collie.Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan,
1991.

COURTNEY, Janet Elizabeth (Hogarth) 1865-, Freethinkers of the Nineteenth Century, by Janet E.
Courtney. New York, E.P. Dutton, 1920.

DESMOND, Adrian J., 1947-, Huxley: the Devil's Disciple / Adrian Desmond. London: Michael Joseph ;
New York, N.Y. : Viking Penguin, 1994.

HUXLEY, Leonard, 1860-1933. Thomas Henry Huxley, a Character Sketch, by Leonard Huxley.
London, Watts & Co., 1920.

Imperial College of Science and Technology. The Huxley Papers; a Descriptive Catalogue of the
Correspondence, Manuscripts and Miscellaneous Papers of the Rt. Hon. Thomas Henry Huxley ...
Preserved in the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, by Warren R. Dawson. London,
Published for the Imperial College of Science and Technology by Macmillan, 1946.

IRVINE, William, 1906-1964. Thomas Henry Huxley.[London] Published for the British Council by
Longmans, Green [1960]

JENSEN, J. Vernon (John Vernon), 1922-, Thomas Henry Huxley: Communicating for Science / J.
Vernon Jensen.Newark: University of Delaware Press; London; Cranbury, NJ: Associated University
Presses, c1991.

MITCHELL, P. Chalmers (Peter Chalmers), Sir, 1864-1945. Thomas Henry Huxley; a Sketch of his Life
and Work, by P. Chalmers Mitchell. New York [etc.] G.P. Putnam's sons, 1900.
PARADIS, James G., 1942-, T. H. Huxley: Man's Place in Nature / James G. Paradis. Lincoln: University
of Nebraska Press, c1978.

PETERSON, Houston, 1897- Huxley, Prophet of Science, by Houston Peterson. [1st ed.] London, New
York, Longmans, Green, 1932.

PINGREE, Jeanne. Thomas Henry Huxley: a list of his Scientific Notebooks, Drawings and other Papers,
Preserved in the College Archives. London, Imperial College of Science and Technology, 1968.

SHAFER, Robert, 1889-1956. Christianity and Naturalism; Essays in Criticism, second series, by Robert
Shafer. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1926

VOORHEES, Irving Wilson, 1878- The Teachings of Thomas Henry Huxley, by Irving Wilson Voorhees.
New York, Broadway Publishing Co., 1907

PÁGINAS WEB

Valencia Community College, Hudson, William Henry (1841-1922), 1997[on-line] disponível em

http://valencia.cc.fl.us/lrcwest/hudson.html

Alan Pert, Green Mansions, [on-line] disponível em

http://www.harbour.sfu.ca/~hayward/van/glossary/mansions.html

The Secular Web, Thomas Henry Huxley [1825-1895] Christianity and Agnosticism (1889) Collected
Essays - Volume V (1893) [on-line] disponível em
http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/thomas_huxley/

James Cook Univ., Thomas Henry Huxley, 1997[on-line] disponível em

http://www.cimm.jcu.edu.au/hist/stats/hux/index.htm

Thomas Henry Huxley (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) 1996[on-line] disponível em

http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/h/huxley.htm

Darwin, Huxley and the Natural Sciences, [on-line] disponível em

http://www.routledge.com/psmedia/darwhuxl.htm

HAECKEL, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919.

HAECKEL, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919. The Evolution of Man: a Popular Exposition of
the Principal Points of Human Ontogeny and Phylogeny. New York: Appleton, 1879.
Aus Insulinde Malayische Reisebrief. Bonn:Emil Strauss, 1901.

ESTUDOS SOBRE O AUTOR:

CARNERI, B. Bartholomäus von Carneri's Briefwechsel mit Ernst Haeckel und Friedrich Jodl,
Herausgegeben von Margarete Jodl. Leipzig, K.F. Koehler, 1922.

HECHT, Gerhard. Botanická Cinnost Ernsta Haeckela na Teplicku 1852: príspevek k zivotopisu
pokrokového nemeckého prírodovedce = Botanische Tätigkeit Ernst Haeckels in der Teplitzer Gegend
1852; ein Beitrag zur Biographie eines fortschrittlichen deutschen Wissenschaftlers/ Gerhard
Hecht.Teplice: Oblastní muzeum, 1974.
HUBBARD, Elbert, 1856-1915. Little Journeys to Homes of Great Scientists ... written by Elbert
Hubbard ... East Aurora, N.Y., The Roycrofters, 1905

KLEMM, Peter. Ernst Haeckel, der Ketzer von Jena; ein Leben in Berichten, Briefen und Bildern.
Leipzig, Jena, Berlin, Urania-Verlag (1966)

MAURER, Friedrich, 1859- Ernst Haeckel und die Biologie. Festrede zur Feier von Ernst Haeckels 80.
Geburtstag. Jena, Fischer, 1914

PARTENHEIMER, Maren. Goethes Tragweite in der Naturwissenschaft: Hermann von Helmholtz, Ernst
Haeckel, Werner Heisenberg, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker/ von Maren Partenheimer. Berlin: Duncker
& Humblot, c1989.

PÁGINAS WEB

Ernst Haeckel (foto) [on-line] disponível em http://www.rrz.uni-

hamburg.de/biologie/bonline/d36/hackel.htm

The Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) , [on-line]
disponível em http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/haeckel.html

MUIR, John, 1838-1914.

A Thousand-mile Walk to the Gulf, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, [1981] c1916. /Atlanta, Ga.:
Cherokee Pub., 1990./ San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1991. /New York: Penguin Books, 1992.
A Foot to Yosemite, San Francisco: Published for its members by the Book Club of California,
1936, c1924.
Alaska, the Harriman Expedition, 1899, New York: Dover Publications, 1986.
All the World Over, San Francisco, Calif.: Sierra Club Books, 1996.
John Muir, London : Diadem Books; Seattle: Mountaineers, [1992] / London : Baton Wicks;
Seattle : Mountaineers, 1996.
John Muir: his Life and Letters and other Writings / edited and introduced by Terry Gifford.
London: Baton Wicks; Seattle: Mountaineers, 1996.
John Muir Summering in the Sierra, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.
."Articles written by John Muir for the San Francisco Daily evening bulletin in the years 1874-1875"--
Pref.
John Muir, in his own Words , Lafayette, Calif.: Great West Books, 1988.
John Muir's Guide to Cape Town and the Western Cape / photos. by Sally Whately-Smith ;
shopping guide by Trisha Campbell & Carol J. Foy, Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1976
John Muir's Longest Walk: John Earl, a Photographer, Traces his Journey to Florida; with
Excerpts from John Muir's Thousand-mile Walk to the Gulf.
John of the Mountains, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, [1979] c1938.
Letters from Alaska, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, c1993.
Letters to a Friend, Written to Mrs. Ezra S. Carr, 1866, Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Pub., 1990.
Mountaineering Essays, Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1984. / Salt
Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, [1989] / Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, c1997.
Muir among the Animals the Wildlife Writings of John Muir / Lisa Mighetto, editor. San
Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books, c1986.
My First Summer in the Sierra, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979, c1916. / New York, NY:
Penguin Books, 1987/.Covelo, Calif. : Yolla Bolly Press, 1988. /1990 Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Pub., 1990.
/ San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, [1990
Nature Writings, New York, N.Y.: The Library of America : distributed to the trade in the U.S.
by Penguin Books USA, c1997.
Northwest Passages, Palo Alto, Calif.: Tioga Pub. Co., c1988.
 Our National Parks. Boston, Houghton Mifflin [1901] St. Clair Shores, Mich., Scholarly Press
[1970?] /Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, [1981] /San Francisco : Sierra Club Books,
c1991.
Rambles in King's River Country, Ashland, Or.: L. Osborne, 1977.
Rambles of a Botanist Among the Plants and Climates of 1974 Los Angeles: Dawson's Book
Shop, 1974.
South of Yosemite, Berkeley: Wilderness Press, c1988.
Steep Trails. Edited by William Frederic Bade. Dunwoody, Ga., N. S. Berg, 1970 [c1918] /
Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Pub. Co., 1990, c1909./ San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1994.
The Cruise of the Corwin, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1993.
The John Muir Papers / R.H. Limbaugh and K.E. Lewis, editors. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-
Healey, 1985. Accompanied by guide: The guide and index to the microform edition of the John Muir
papers, 1858-1957 (1986)
The Mountains of California, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Penguin, 1985. / San Francisco: Sierra
Club Books, c1988. / Atlanta, Ga.: Cherokee Pub., 1990. /New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
The Story of my Boyhood and Youth, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1988.
The Wild Muir, Yosemite National Park, Calif.: Yosemite Association, c1994.
The Yosemite, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986, c1912. /San Francisco:
Sierra Club Books, c1988. / San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1989.
To Yosemite and beyond: Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
Trails of Wonder; [Kansas City, Mo., Hallmark, c1972] /New York: AMS Press, 1978, c1915.
/Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979. / San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, c1988. /New York: Penguin
Books, 1993.
West of the Rocky Mountains, Philadelphia: Running Press, c1976.
Wilderness Essays, Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith, 1980-1988.

ESTUDOS SOBRE:

ANDERSON, Peter, 1956- John Muir: Wilderness Prophet / by Peter Anderson. New York: Watts,
c1995.

DINES, Glen. John Muir / 1974 New York: Putnam, [1974]

DUNHAM, Montrew. John Muir: 1975 Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, c1975.

John Muir: Young Naturalist / by Montrew Dunham; illustrated by Al Fiorentino. 1st Aladdin
Paperbacks ed. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1998.

EMANUELS, George. John Muir, Inventor / by George Emanuels. 1st ed. Fresno, Calif.: Panorama West
Books, 1985.

FORCE, Eden. John Muir / 1990 Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Silver Burdett Press, c1990

FOX, Stephen R. John Muir and his Legacy: the American Conservation Movement / Stephen Fox. 1st
ed. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, c1975.

FULLER, O. Muiriel. John Muir of Wall Street: a Story of Thrift/ by O. Muiriel Fuller.New York: The
Knickerbocker Press, c1927.

GRAVES, Charles Parlin, 1911-1972. John Muir, 1973 New York, Crowell, [1973]

ITO, Tom. John Muir / 1996 San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, c1996.

John Muir / by Thomas J. Lyon; editors, Wayne Chatterton, James H. Maguire. Boise, Idaho:
Boise State College, c1972.

JONES, Dewitt. John Muir's America / photos. by Dewitt Jones; text by T. H. Watkins. 1st ed. New
York: Distributed by Crown Publishers, c1976.
JONES, Holway R. John Muir and the Sierra Club; the Battle for Yosemite, by Holway R. Jones. San
Francisco, Sierra Club, 1965.

KIMES, William F. John Muir: 1977 Palo Alto, Calif.: W. P. Wreden, 1977.
John Muir, a Reading Bibliography. Chronologically compiled and annotated by William F.
Kimes & Maymie B. Kimes. Foreword by Lawrence Clark Powell. Palo Alto, Calif. W. P. Wreden, 1977.
1986

LEDBETTER, Cynthia E., 1950- John Muir/ 1993 Vero Beach, Fla.: Rourke Publications, c1993.

LIMBAUGH, Ronald, John Muir's "Stickeen" and the Lessons of Nature, Fairbanks, Alaska: University
of Alaska Press, c1996.

LYON, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson), 1937- John Muir / 1972 Boise, Idaho: Boise State College, c1972.

National Broadcasting Company, inc. John Muir, a Great American Conservationist. [Washington, Forest
Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture [1938]

NORMAN, Charles, 1904- John Muir, Father of our National Parks. New York, Messner [1957]

SEATTLE. John Muir School. John Muir; a Pictorial Biography, 1938 [Seattle, Wash., Printed by
Lowman and Hanford co., c19

SMITH, Herbert F. (Herbert Franklin), 1933- John Muir, by Herbert F. Smith.New York, Twayne
Publishers [1965]

TALMADGE, Katherine S. John Muir: 1993 New York: Twenty-first Century Books, 1993.
John Muir: at Home in the Wild / Katherine S. Talmadge; illustrated by Antonio Castro. 1st ed.
New York: Twenty-first Century Books, 1993.

The Guide and Index to the Microform Edition of the John Muir Papers, 1858-1957 / edited by Ronald H.
Limbaugh and Kirsten E. Lewis.Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey Inc., 1986.

TOLAN, Sally. John Muir: Naturalist, Writer, and Guardian of the North American Wilderness / by
Sally Tolan. Gareth Stevens Children's Books ed. Milwaukee: G. Stevens Children's Books, 1990.

WILKINS, Thurman. John Muir: Apostle of Nature/ by Thurman Wilkins. Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press, c1995.

WINKLEY, John W. John Muir, Naturalist; a Concise Biography of the Great Naturalist. Martinez, John
Muir Historical Park Assn. [1959]

PÁGINAS WEB

Muir, John: Steep Trails[on-line] disponível em

ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/etext95/sttrl10.txt

Larry Spencer, The John Muir Homepage, [on-line] disponível em http://oz.plymouth.edu/~lts/muir.html

Mountain Thoughts

Texts (anchored html) John Muir [on-line] disponível em http://pantheon.cis.yale.edu/~thomast/texts/

TEXTOS: Mountain Thoughts , A Near View of the High Sierra, Snow-Storm on Mount Shasta
Illustrated, Wild Wool

texts (anchored html) John Muir [on-line] disponível em

http://pantheon.cis.yale.edu/~thomast/texts/snow/snow.html
TEXTOS: Steep Trails: California - Utah - Nevada - Washington - Oregon - The Grand
Canyon, Storm on Mount Shasta, Wild Wool
Strathclyde University, John Muir Centre Welcome , 1994 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.cs.strath.ac.uk/contrib/JMC/

Horacio Arevalo's Muir Woods, 1997[on-line] disponível em

http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/3439/index-i.html

Denis Mollison , The John Muir Trust [on-line] disponível em http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/jmt/ “The John
Muir Trust was formed in 1983 to safeguard and conserve wild places and to increase awareness and
understanding of the value of such places.”

Don Weiss , John Muir & I, The Man, The Trail, and The Wilderness Ideal, 1990, [on-line] disponível em
http://www.mandala.co.jp/echoes/JMI/JMIhome.html

Sierra Club--John Muir, 1996, [on-line] disponível em http://www.sierraclub.org/history/muir/

TEXTOS: The Water Ouzel, Stickeen

Harold Wood and Harvey Chinn, The John Muir Exhibit, 1996[on-line] disponível em
http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/
TEXTOS: A Rival of the Yosemite, Man's Place in the Universe, Mt. Ritter, My First Summer in
the Sierra, Our National Parks, The Earthquake , The Story of my Boyhood and Youth, The Treasures of
the Yosemite, Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park,

College of the Siskiyous Library Mount Shasta Collection John Muir, 1997 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.siskiyous.edu/Library/ShastaCollection/Literature/jmuir/index.html
Artigos: Modoc Memories (1874), Notes from Shasta (1877), Salmon Breeding (1874), Shasta
Bees (1874), Shasta Game (1874) , Shasta in Winter (1874), Snow-Storm on Mount Shasta (1877)

College of the Siskiyous Library Mount Shasta Collection John Muir, 1997 [on-line] disponível em
http://www.siskiyous.edu/Library/ShastaCollection/Mountaineering/snowstrm.htm
TEXTOS: Snow-Storm on Mount Shasta

HUDSON, W. H. (William Henry), 1841-1922

A Shepherd's Life: Impressions of the South Wiltshire Downs / by W.H. Hudson; illustrated by
Bernard C. Gotch. London: Methuen, 1910.
Far Away and long Ago: a Childhood in Argentina / W.H. Hudson; introduction by Sir Nicolas
Cheetham. London: Century, 1985.
Green Mansions: a Romance of the Tropical Forest, by W.H. Hudson. New York, G.P. Putnam's
Sons; London, Duckworth & Co., 1904.
Idle Days in Patagonia, by W. H. Hudson ... Illustrated by Alfred Hartley and J. Smit. London,
Chapman & Hall, ltd., 1893.
Landscapes and Literati: unpublished letters of W.H. Hudson and George Gissing / edited and
introduced by Dennis Shrubsall and Pierre Coustillas. Salisbury, Wiltshire: M. Russell, 1985.
Letters from W. H. Hudson, 1901-1922, edited and with an introduction by Edward Garnett. New
York, E.P. Dutton & company [c1923]
Men, Books and Birds, by W.H. Hudson; with notes, some letters, and an introduction, by
Morley Roberts. London, E. Nash & Grayson, Limited [1925
South American Sketches / by W. H. Hudson. London: Duckworth, 1909.
The Land's End; a Naturalist's Impressions in West Cornwall, by W. H. Hudson. With forty-nine
illustrations by A. L. Collins.London, Hutchinson & Co., 1908.
The Purple Land: Being the Narrative of one Richard Lamb's Adventures in the Banda Orientál
in South America, as told by himself / W.H. Hudson; illustrated by Keith Henderson. [2d ed.]New York:
Three Sirens Press, [1904?]
W. HW. H. Hudson's Tales of the Pampas. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1939.
 SOBRE AUTOR

GODDARD, Harold Clarke, 1878-1950. W. H. Hudson: Bird-man, by Harold Goddard. New York, E.P.
Dutton & Company [c1928]

HAMILTON, Robert, 1908- W. H. Hudson; the Vision of Earth, by Robert Hamilton. London, J.M. Dent
and sons ltd. [1946]

LIANDRAT, Fancisque. W. H. Hudson, 1841-1922, Naturaliste; sa Vie et son Oeuvre.Lyon, M. Audin,

1946.

MILLER, David, 1950- W.H. Hudson and the Elusive Paradise/ David Miller. Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990.

ROBERTS, Morley, 1857-1942. W.H. Hudson: a Portrait / by Morley Roberts. London: Eveleigh Nash
& Grayson, 1924

RONNER, Amy D. W.H. Hudson: the Man, the Novelist, the Naturalist / Amy D. Ronner. New York:
AMS Press, c1986.

SHRUBSALL, Dennis. W. H. Hudson: Writer and Naturalist / [by] Dennis Shrubsall.Tisbury [Eng.]:
Compton Press, c1978.

TOMALIN, Ruth. W. H. Hudson. London, H. F. & G. Witherby [1954]

WILSON, George Francis. A Bibliography of the Writings of W.H. Hudson, by G.F. Wilson. London, The
Bookman's Journal, 1922.

PÁGINAS WEB
Valencia Community College, Hudson, William Henry (1841-1922), 1997[on-line] disponível
em http://valencia.cc.fl.us/lrcwest/hudson.html

LEOPOLD, ALDO, 1886-1948.

A Sand County Almanac Illustrated, Madison, Wis.: Tamarack Press; New York: distributed by
Oxford University Press, 1977/1987 New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, c1949.
Aldo Leopold, Ankeny, Iowa: Soil Conservation Society of America, c1987.
Aldo Leopold's Southwest, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.
Aldo Leopold's Wilderness, Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, c1990.
Game Management, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986, c1961.
Round River, Minocqua, WI: NorthWord Press, 1991/ New York: Oxford University Press,
c1993.
The River of the Mother of God and other Essays, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin
Press, c1991.

ESTUDOS SOBRE:

Aldo Leopold: the Man and his Legacy / Thomas Tanner, editor; foreword by Stewart L. Udall. Ankeny,
Iowa: Soil Conservation Society of America, c1987.

CALLICOTT, J. Baird. In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy / J. Baird
Callicott.Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, c1989.
FLADER, Susan. Thinking like a Mountain: Aldo Leopold and the Evolution of an Ecological Attitude
toward Deer, Wolves, and Forests / Susan L. Flader. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1974. .]
London University of Nebraska Press, 1978. Madison, WI London University of Wisconsin Press [1994?]

MCCLINTOCK, James I., 1939- Nature's Kindred Spirits: Aldo Leopold, Joseph Wood Krutch, Edward
Abbey, Annie Dillard, and Gary Snyder / James I. McClintock. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin
Press, c1994

MEINE, Curt. Aldo Leopold: his Life and Work / Curt Meine.Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin
Press, 1988.

Round River; from the Journals of Aldo Leopold. Edited by Luna B. Leopold; illustrated by Charles W.
Schwartz. New York, Oxford University Press, 1953.

PÁGINAS WEB

Don Weiss, Ecology Hall of Fame Aldo Leopold 1887-1948,1997 [on-line] disponível em
http://ecotopia.org/ehof/leopold/index.html

Excerpts from the Works of Aldo Leopold, [on-line] disponível em

http://gargravarr.cc.utexas.edu/chrisj/leopold-quotes.html
Textos: Acts of Creation Killing the Wolf Death of a Species Land Ethic Conservation
Conservation and Living from the Land Profit Motive Ecological Education Development Industry vs.
Wilderness Safe for Cows Silphium Idle Spots Various Short Quotes

About Aldo Leopold, [on-line] disponível em http://www.bigeastern.com/eotp/ep_aldol.htm

The Leopold Education Project (LEP) Vicki Vialle, [on-line] disponível em http://www.lep.org/

Kathe Crowley, Aldo Leopold Nature Center, 1997-1998[on-line] disponível em

http://www.naturenet.com/alnc/