Annotated BibIiography

Eastern State Penitentiary

Daekwon Boulware & Breyuana Palmer
Primary Sources
Casey, Maura J. (11 May 2007). n the big house...just visiting. New York Times Travel
Section: Escapes.
Interview with Willie L. Smith, Former Prisoner
Interview with Irwin Schmuckler, English Teacher
Interview with Richard Fulmer, Counselor
Interview with Bobby Moore, Former Prisoner
Retrieved from
http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/05/11/travel/escapes/11prison.1.html
We are listing this site under primary sources because the New York Times online article
contains four separate first person interviews from former inmates and staff members at
Eastern State. Each person described their time at the prison as relatively positive, in
terms of skills gained through their experiences or relationships within the prison.
Dickens, Charles. (1842/2000). Philadelphia, and its solitary prison. American Notes.
London: Penguin Books.
British author Charles Dickens visited Eastern State Penitentiary and toured the prison and
interviewed prisoners in 1842. After his visit, he condemned the practice of confining
prisoners as a cruel form of mental torture.
Eastern State Penitentiary Photograph Collection.
"Nighttime Facade (n.d.) Tom Bernard. BT02
"Capone Cell (n.d.) Tom Berault. BT03
"Hooded nmate (1829). Uncredited photo. PH05
"Pep the Dog Mugshot (1924). Uncredited photo. PH16
"Leo Callahan (1923). Notable nmates.
Retrieved from http://www.easternstate.org
We used the above photographs from Eastern State Penitentiary on our website.
Hazard, Samuel (ed.) (1831). The Register of Pennsylvania, Vol. V, January to July
of 1831. Retrieved from http://www.easternstate.org/lesson-plan-1
The Eastern State Penitentiary website has documents such as this chart which shows all
inmates taken into Eastern State Penitentiary from October 29, 1829 to December 20,
1830. Other information on the chart includes the inmate's number, where the inmate was
born, the date the inmate was incarcerated, and the inmate's crime. The majority of
criminals sent to Eastern State in the beginning were guilty of theft such as burglary or
horse stealing, and very few were murderers or rapists. This would change by the 1900's,
when more prisoners were convicted of crimes against other people.
mage Sources:
"Pillory: http://www.earlyamericancrime.com/poems/james-cotter
"Branding: http://www.ehow.com/info_8643061_happened-did-crime-during-1764.html
"Whipping Frame: http://dubib.com/cache/16/branding-punishment
"Public Hanging:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/myths_legends/england/south_yorkshire/article_3.shtml
"Public Whipping:
http://eastchestermiddlehighschoollib.wikispaces.com/Welsh+Period+7+Amendment+8
"Walnut Street Prison:
http://www.addictinginfo.org/2012/02/22/the-establishment-of-the-prison/
Lehman, George. (1833) Eastern Penitentiary of Pennsylvania near Philadelphia.
Lithograph. mage courtesy of the Library Company of Philadelphia. Retrieved
from: http://www.easternstate.org/contact/press-room/photos
Neagle, John. (1828). John Haviland. Portrait. mage retrieved from the Metropolitan
Museum of Art online:
http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/20012012
These images appear on our web site.
Russell, Thomas D. (18 November 2009). Gustave de Beaumont & Alexis de
Tocqueville, On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Uses
In France (1833). American Legal History - Russell. Retrieved from:
http://www.houseofrussell.com/legalhistory/alh/docs/penitentiary.html
This website contained the reflections of Alexis de Tocqueville after his tour of
penitentiaries in the United States. He also compares and contrasts the Auburn System
with the Philadelphia System. He and his colleague de Beaumont submitted the report to
the French government in 1833.
Sully, Thomas. (1813). Dr. Benjamin Rush. Portrait. mage retrieved from:
http://www2.dickinson.edu/trout/images/pdfs/Rushbrochure%20Final.pdf
The above website from Dickinson College contains a brochure detailing the history of
Thomas Sully portrait of Benjamin Rush, which we used on our website. We classified this
as a primary source because the painting was done in 1813.
Secondary Sources
American Civil Liberties Union. Stop solitary - websites and articles. Accessed 15 March
2013. Retrieved at:
http://www.aclu.org/prisoners-rights/stop-solitary-websites-and-articles
The ACLU web page about solitary confinement lists articles, websites, videos, and
podcasts from different organizations opposed to supermax prisons and solitary
confinement. These organizations include Human Rights Watch, Amnesty nternational, and
American Friends Service Committee.
Auburn Correctional Facility. New York State Archives. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
http://www.archives.nysed.gov/a/research/res_topics_legal_corrections_inst_aubur
n.shtml
The New York State Archives provided us with background information on Auburn
Penitentiary as well as images to use on our website.
Barnes, Harry Elmer. (1921). The historical origins of the prison system in America.
Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 12,
No. 1, pp. 35-60. Northwestern University. Retrieved from:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1133652
This article provided historical background on the development of the prison system in the
United States, including the differences and similarities between the Auburn and
Philadelphia systems.
Dolan, Francis X. (2007). Eastern State Penitentiary. Charleston, SC: Arcadia
Publishing.
This book is divided into five sections and documents the design of the prison, notable
inmates, daily life in the prison over the course of its history, riots and escapes, and the
closing of the prison in 1971 to its rebirth as a significant historic site and tourist attraction.
The book contains many photographs and informative captions as well.
Gillette, Nick. Tour Guide, Eastern State Penitentiary. nterview. 12 January 2013.
We went on a tour with Nick Gillette at Eastern State when we traveled to Philadelphia to
visit the prison. His tour was very informative, and he helped us to understand more in
depth how Eastern State represents a turning point in the history of the U.S. prison system,
as well as the influence of Eastern State on prisons around the world.
History of Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia. Accessed 2 January 2013.
Retrieved from: www.EasternState.org
This is the website of the present day historical site of Eastern State Penitentiary. t
contains many primary sources such as prison records and photographs.
nside Eastern State Penitentiary. (2013). The History Channel website. Retrieved 7
January 2013, from
http://www.history.comhttp://www.history.com/videos/inside-eastern-state-penitentiary
This is the video from History.com that our teacher showed us and that provided a basic
introduction to the prison.
Johnston, Norman. Prison Reform in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Prison Society.
Accessed on 29 March 2013. Retrieved from
http://media.wix.com/ugd//4c2da0_41bed342ea390827839e1ffa4b3dca97.pdf
The Pennsylvania Prison Society, a Quaker organization, is dedicated to fighting for a
more human criminal justice system. This organization evolved from the original group that
created Eastern State Penitentiary.
Lyden, Jacki, Host. (10 March 2013). Solitary confinement: punishment or cruelty?
All Things Considered. Weekend Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved
from:
http://www.npr.org/2013/03/10/173965282/solitary-confinement-punishment-or-cruelty
We recently discovered this radio program about the cruel nature of solitary confinement in
the United States and its overuse to punish criminals, especially in Supermax prisons.
We were surprised to learn the high cost of keeping prisoners in solitary confinement and
the mental anguish this practice causes.
Stoddard, Brooke C. (8 October 2010). When Ben Franklin met the battlefield.
Smithsonian.com. mage of Benjamin Franklin. Retrieved from:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/When-Ben-Franklin-Met-the-Battlefiel
d.html#
We used the portrait of Ben Franklin on our web page about important people in the history
of Eastern State Penitentiary.
Walsh, Mike. Black hoods and iron gags: The Quaker experiment at Eastern State
Penitentiary in Philadelphia. Accessed 14 January 2013. Retrieved from:
http://www.missioncreep.com/mw/estate.html
This blog article about Eastern State contained a quote from Dr. Benjamin Rush that we
used on the homepage of our website to show how the design of the prison should strike
fear and awe into the prisoners' hearts. The article also describes Charles Williams, the
first inmate to enter the prison.
Woodham, Chai. (1 October 2008). Eastern State Penitentiary: A prison with a past.
Smithsonian.com. Retrieved from:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/eastern-state-penitentiary.html
This online article from the Smithsonian nstitution magazine provides a general history of
the prison, including the historical context responsible for its construction. The article
highlights the role of Dr. Benjamin Rush in the creating the prison as its influence all over
the world.