Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.

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Parametric Technology Corporation

Copyright 2006 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved. User and training documentation from Parametric Technology Corporation and its subsidiary companies (PTC) is subject to the copyright laws of the United States and other countries and is provided under a license agreement that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC hereby grants to the licensed user the right to make copies in printed form of this documentation if provided on software media, but only for internal/personal use and in accordance with the license agreement under which the applicable software is licensed. Any copy made shall include the PTC copyright notice and any other proprietary notice provided by PTC. 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UNAUTHORIZED USE OF SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION CAN RESULT IN CIVIL DAMAGES AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION. Registered Trademarks of Parametric Technology Corporation or a Subsidiary Advanced Surface Design, Arbortext, Behavioral Modeling, CADDS, Computervision, CounterPart, Create Collaborate Control, EPD, EPD.Connect, Expert Machinist, Flexible Engineering, GRANITE, HARNESSDESIGN, Info*Engine, InPart, MECHANICA, Optegra, Parametric Technology, Parametric Technology Corporation, PartSpeak, PHOTORENDER, Pro/DESKTOP, Pro/E, Pro/ENGINEER, Pro/HELP, Pro/INTRALINK, Pro/MECHANICA, Pro/TOOLKIT, Product First, Product Development Means Business, Product Makes the Company, PTC, the PTC logo, PT/Products, Shaping Innovation, Simple Powerful Connected, The Way to Product First, and Windchill. 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Patents of Parametric Technology Corporation or a Subsidiary Registration numbers and issue dates follow. Additionally, equivalent patents may be issued or pending outside of the United States. Contact PTC for further information. GB2366639B 13-October-2004. GB2363208 25-August-2004. (EP/DE/GB)0812447 26May-2004. GB2365567 10-March-2004. (GB)2388003B 21-January-2004. 6,665,569 B1 16-December-2003. GB2353115 10December-2003. 6,625,607 B1 23-September-2003. 6,580,428 B1 17-June-2003. GB2354684B 02-July-2003. GB2384125 15October-2003. GB2354096 12-November-2003. GB2354924 24-September-2003. 6,608,623 B1 19-August-2003. GB2353376 05-November-2003. GB2354686 15-October-2003. 6,545,671 B1 08-April-2003. GB2354685B 18-June-2003. GB2354683B 04June-2003. 6,608,623 B1 19-August-2003. 6,473,673 B1 29-October-2002. GB2354683B 04-June-2003. 6,447,223 B1 10-Sept2002. 6,308,144 23-October-2001. 5,680,523 21-October-1997. 5,838,331 17-November-1998. 4,956,771 11September-1990. 5,058,000 15-October-1991. 5,140,321 18-August-1992. 5,423,023 05-June-1990. 4,310,615 21-December1998. 4,310,614 30-April-1996. 4,310,614 22-April-1999. 5,297,053 22-March-1994. 5,513,316 30-April-1996. 5,689,711 18November-1997. 5,506,950 09-April-1996. 5,428,772 27-June-1995. 5,850,535 15-December-1998. 5,557,176 09-November-1996. 5,561,747 01-October-1996. (EP)0240557 02-October-1986. Third-Party Trademarks Adobe, Acrobat, Distiller, and the Acrobat logo are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. IBM, AIX, and Websphere are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. Allegro, Cadence, and Concept are registered trademarks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. Apple, Mac, Mac OS, Panther and Tiger are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. 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TetMesh-GHS3D provided by Simulog Technologies, a business unit of Simulog S.A. MainWin Dedicated Libraries are copyrighted software of Mainsoft Corporation. DFORMD.DLL is copyrighted software from Compaq Computer Corporation and may not be distributed. LightWork Libraries are copyrighted by LightWork Design 19902001. Visual Basic for Applications and Internet Explorer is copyrighted software of Microsoft Corporation. Parasolid is UGS Corp. TECHNOMATIX is copyrighted software and contains proprietary information of Technomatix Technologies Ltd. TIBCO ActiveEnterprise, TIBCO Designer, TIBCO Enterprise Message Service, TIBCO Rendezvous, TIBCO TurboXML, and TIBCO BusinessWorks are provided by TIBCO Software Inc. DataDirect Connect is copyrighted software of DataDirect Technologies. Technology "Powered by Groove" is provided by Groove Networks, Inc. Technology "Powered by WebEx" is provided by WebEx Communications, Inc. 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Co. Ltd. Database. Copyright 1984, 1990 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. Copyright 1988, 1990, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc.; The Proximity/Zanichelli Database. Copyright 1989 Zanichelli. Copyright 1989, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc. The Arbortext Import/Export feature includes components that are licensed and copyrighted by CambridgeDocs LLC ( 2002-2005 CambridgeDocs LLC). This functionality: Includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/). Redistributes JRE 1.4.2_08 from Sun Microsystems. The Redistributable is complete and unmodified, and only bundled as part of the product. CambridgeDocs is not distributing additional software intended to supersede any component(s) of the Redistributable, nor has CambridgeDocs removed or altered any proprietary legends or notices contained in or on the Redistributable. 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Uses cxImage, an open source image conversion library that follows the zlib license. cxImage further uses the following images libraries which also ship (statically linked) with cxLib: zLib, LibTIFF, LibPNG, LibJPEG, JBIG-Kit, JasPer, LibJ2K. See http://www.xdp.it/cximage.htm. Includes software developed by Andy Clark, namely Neko DTD. NekoDTD is Copyright 2002, 2003, Andy Clark. All rights reserved. For more information, visit http://www.apache.org/~andyc/neko/doc/index.html. Includes code which was developed and copyright by Steven John Metsker, and shipped with Building Parsers with Java, from Addison Wesley. Uses controls from Infragistics NetAdvantage 2004, Volume 3, Copyright 2004 Infragistics. Word, FrameMaker, and Interleaf filters. Copyright 2000 Blueberry Software. All rights reserved. Portions of software documentation are used with the permission of the World Wide Web Consortium. Copyright 19942004 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/. Such portions are indicated at their points of use. Copyright and ownership of certain software components is with YARD SOFTWARE SYSTEMS LIMITED, unauthorized use and copying of which is hereby prohibited. YARD SOFTWARE SYSTEMS LIMITED 1987. (Lic. #YSS:SC:9107001) ********** METIS, developed by George Karypis and Vipin Kumar at the University of Minnesota, can be researched at http://www.cs.umn.edu/~karypis/metis. METIS is 1997 Regents of the University of Minnesota. Certain software components licensed in connection with the Apache Software Foundation, all rights reserved, and use is subject to the terms and limitations at http://www.apache.org/. Apache software is provided by its Contributors AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, and any expressed or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of title non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the Apache Software Foundation or its Contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage. Apache software includes: Apache Server, Tomcat, Xalan, Xerces, and Jakarta, Jarkarta POI, Jakarta Regulat Expression, Commons-FileUpload IBM XML Parser for Java Edition, the IBM SaxParser and the IBM Lotus XSL Edition DITA-OT - Apache License Version Pop-up calendar components Copyright 1998 Netscape Communications Corporation. All Rights Reserved. UnZip ( 1990-2001 Info-ZIP, All Rights Reserved) is provided AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. For the complete Info-ZIP license see http://www.info-zip.org/doc/LICENSE. The Java Telnet Applet (StatusPeer.java, TelnetIO.java, TelnetWrapper.java, TimedOutException.java), Copyright 1996, 97 Mattias L. Jugel, Marcus Meiner, is redistributed under the GNU General Public License. This license is from the original copyright holder and the Applet is provided WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. You may obtain a copy of the source code for the Applet at http://www.mud.de/se/jta (for a charge of no more than the cost of physically performing the source distribution), by sending e-mail to leo@mud.de or marcus@mud.deyou are allowed to choose either distribution method. Said source code is likewise provided under the GNU General Public License. GTK+ - The GIMP Toolkit is licensed under the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL). You may obtain a copy of the source code at http://www.gtk.org, which is likewise provided under the GNU LGPL. zlib software Copyright 1995-2002 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.

#ZipLib GNU software is developed for the Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA, copyright 1989, 1991. PTC hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program #ZipLib written by Mike Krueger. #ZipLib licensed free of charge and there is no warranty for the program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or other parties provide the program AS IS without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the program is with you. Should the program prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction. OmniORB is distributed under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License The OmniORB Libraries are released under the GNU LGPL. The Java Getopt.jar file, copyright 1987-1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Java Port copyright 1998 by Aaron M. Renn (arenn@urbanophile.com), is redistributed under the GNU LGPL. You may obtain a copy of the source code at http://www.urbanophile.com/arenn/hacking/download.html. The source code is likewise provided under the GNU LGPL. CUP Parser Generator Copyright 1996-1999 by Scott Hudson, Frank Flannery, C. Scott Ananianused by permission. The authors and their employers disclaim all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall the authors or their employers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software. Software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org): Copyright 1998-2003 The OpenSSL Project. All rights reserved. This product may include cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com). ImageMagick software is Copyright 1999-2005 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a nonprofit organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available. ImageMagick is freely available without charge and provided pursuant to the following license agreement: http://www.imagemagick.org/script/license.php. Mozilla Japanese localization components are subject to the Netscape Public License Version 1.1 (at http://www.mozilla.org/NPL). Software distributed under the Netscape Public License (NPL) is distributed on an AS IS basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either expressed or implied (see the NPL for the rights and limitations that are governing different languages). The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code, released March 31, 1998 and the Initial Developer of the Original Code is Netscape Communications Corporation. Portions created by Netscape are Copyright 1998 Netscape Communications Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Contributors: Kazu Yamamoto (kazu@mozilla.gr.jp), Ryoichi Furukawa (furu@mozilla.gr.jp), Tsukasa Maruyama (mal@mozilla.gr.jp), Teiji Matsuba (matsuba@dream.com). The following components are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1 at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL (the MPL). Software distributed under the MPL is distributed on an AS IS basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either expressed or implied and all warranty, support, indemnity or liability obligations under PTCs software license agreements are provided by PTC. See the MPL for the specific language governing rights and limitations. Modifications to Mesilla source code are available under the MPL and are available upon request: Gecko and Mesilla components; text (www.lowagie.com/iText/). iCal4j is Copyright 2005, Ben Fortuna, All rights reserved. Redistribution and use of iCal4j in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: (i) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer; (ii) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution; and (iii) Neither the name of Ben Fortuna nor the names of any other contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. iCal4j SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software. This software is Copyright 1991-1998, Thomas G. Lane. All Rights Reserved. This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. libpng, Copyright 2004 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, which is distributed according to the disclaimer and license (as well as the list of Contributing Authors) at http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/src/libpng-LICENSE.txt. Curl software, Copyright 1996 - 2005, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use, or other dealings.

The cad2eda program utilizes wxWidgets (formerly wxWindows) libraries for its cross-platform UI API, which is licensed under the wxWindows Library License at http://www.wxwindows.org/. LAPACK libraries used are freely available at www.netlib.org (authors are Anderson, E. and Bai, Z. and Bischof, C. and Blackford, S. and Demmel, J. and Dongarra, J. and Du Croz, J. and Greenbaum, A. and Hammarling, S. and McKenney, A. and Sorensen, D.). The following software, which is provided with and called by certain PTC software products, is licensed under the GNU General Public License: Ghost Script (www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/); The PJA (Pure Java AWT) Toolkit library (www.eteks.com/pja/en/). JFreeChart is licensed under the GNU LGPL and can be found at www.jfree.org. Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) is provided pursuant to the Sun Java Distribution License (JDL) at www.jai.dev.java.net/. The terms of the JDL shall supersede any other licensing terms for PTC software with respect to JAI components. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND This document and the software described herein are Commercial Computer Documentation and Software, pursuant to FAR 12.212(a)-(b) (OCT95) or DFARS 227.7202-1(a) and 227.7202-3(a) (JUN95), and are provided to the US Government under a limited commercial license only. For procurements predating the above clauses, use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software Clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (OCT88) or Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights at FAR 52.227-19(c)(1)-(2) (JUN87), as applicable. 010106 Parametric Technology Corporation, 140 Kendrick Street, Needham, MA 02494 USA

Table of Contents
Welding ........................................................................................................ 1 Using Welding............................................................................................. 1 About Welding ............................................................................................... 1 To Get Started with Welding ............................................................................ 1 Understanding the Welding Interface ........................................................... 2 About the Welding Interface ............................................................................ 2 About the Model Tree with Welding................................................................... 2 About Using Layers in Welding ......................................................................... 3 Creating a Layer for Light Welds Only............................................................. 3 Displaying Welds ...................................................................................... 4 About Displaying Welds................................................................................... 4 Displaying Features in the Model Tree ............................................................ 4 Displaying Weld Features in the Layer Tree ..................................................... 4 Hiding and Unhiding Weld Features ................................................................ 4 Changing the Default Weld Color ................................................................... 4 Using Welding Icons .................................................................................... 4 Displaying Light Welds ................................................................................. 5 To Hide or Unhide Welds ................................................................................. 5 To Hide or Unhide Welds Using the Model Tree ................................................ 5 To Hide or Unhide Welds Using the View Menu................................................. 5 To Change the Color of a Weld ......................................................................... 6 Configuring Pro/ENGINEER for Using Welding .................................................. 6 About Configuration Options for Welding ........................................................... 6 To Set Welding Configuration Options ............................................................... 6 add_weld_mp................................................................................................ 7 pro_weld_params_dir ..................................................................................... 7 weld_ask_xsec_refs ....................................................................................... 7 weld_color .................................................................................................... 7 weld_dec_places ............................................................................................ 7

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Table of Contents weld_edge_prep_driven_by ............................................................................. 8 weld_edge_prep_groove_angle ........................................................................ 8 weld_edge_prep_groove_depth........................................................................ 8 weld_edge_prep_instance ............................................................................... 8 weld_edge_prep_name_suffix.......................................................................... 8 weld_edge_prep_root_open............................................................................. 8 weld_edge_prep_visibility ............................................................................... 8 weld_geom_type_default ................................................................................ 9 weld_notch_corner_radius............................................................................... 9 weld_notch_height ......................................................................................... 9 weld_notch_radius ......................................................................................... 9 weld_notch_width .......................................................................................... 9 weld_ui_standard........................................................................................... 9 Creating Rods, Processes, and Parameters .....................................................10 About Setting Up Welding...............................................................................10 Welding Rods ..........................................................................................10 About Welding Rods ......................................................................................10 To Define and Edit Welding Rods .....................................................................10 To Assign or Unassign a Welding Rod ...............................................................11 To Change Welding Rod Assignments...............................................................12 To Change the Welding Rod for a Weld Feature...............................................12 To Change the Features Assigned to a Welding Rod.........................................12 To Reuse a Welding Rod.................................................................................13 Welding Processes ...................................................................................13 About Welding Process Parameters ..................................................................13 To Define and Edit Welding Process Parameters.................................................14 Converting from Environment Welding Parameters.............................................15 To Assign or Unassign Welding Processes .........................................................16 To Change Welding Process Assignments..........................................................16 To Change the Welding Process for a Weld feature ..........................................16 To Change the Features Assigned to a Welding Process....................................17 x

Table of Contents To Reuse a Welding Process ...........................................................................17 Welding Parameters .................................................................................17 About Welding Parameters .............................................................................17 Welding Measurement Parameter .................................................................18 General, Rod, and Report Parameters ......................................................18 About General Parameters..............................................................................18 About Rod Parameters ...................................................................................20 About Report Parameters ...............................................................................21 To Access Report Parameters in a Drawing .......................................................22 To Define Welding Parameters ........................................................................22 Controlling a Weld Cross-Section Parameter Using Relations................................23 Method 1: Using the Evaluate Feature ...........................................................23 Method 2: Using the CALC_X_SECTION_AREA Parameter .................................24 Tip: Entering Information in the Welding Parameters Table .................................24 To Reuse Welding Parameters in Your Design ....................................................25 To Edit Welding Parameters ............................................................................25 To Create and Define a Welding Measurement Parameter ...................................26 To Edit Measurement Parameters ....................................................................27 Creating Welding Features ...........................................................................28 About Creating Welding Features.....................................................................28 Creating Curves and Light Welds ..................................................................29 About Welding Geometry Types ......................................................................29 Preparing Edges ......................................................................................30 About the Edge Prep Welding Feature ..............................................................30 Default Values for Edge Preparation ..............................................................31 To Prepare Edges for Welding .........................................................................31 To Edit Edge Preparation Dimensions ...............................................................33 Creating Welds........................................................................................33 About the Welding Feature .............................................................................33 Weld Identification .....................................................................................34 About Welding References ..............................................................................34 xi

Table of Contents REF OPTIONS and CHAIN Menu Commands....................................................35 Fillet Welds ..........................................................................................35 About Fillet Welds .........................................................................................35 To Create a Solid Fillet Weld ...........................................................................36 Example: Creating a Surface-Surface Fillet Across Multiple Components................38 To Create Light Fillet Weld..............................................................................38 To Create a Solid Intermittent Weld .................................................................39 Creating Welds along the Segmented Trajectory................................................40 Example: Dimensioning Intermittent Welds.......................................................41 Dimensioning Linear Intermittent Welds ........................................................41 Dimensioning Angular Intermittent Welds ......................................................42 Example: Using the Entire Length and Set Ends Options .....................................42 To Create a Light Intermittent Weld .................................................................42 Butt and Groove Welds ..........................................................................43 About Butt or Groove Welds ...........................................................................43 To Create a Butt or Groove Weld .....................................................................44 Plug Welds...........................................................................................46 About Plug Welds ..........................................................................................46 To Create a Plug Weld ...................................................................................46 Example: Plug or Slot Weld ............................................................................48 Slot Welds ...........................................................................................48 About Slot Welds ..........................................................................................48 To Create a Slot Weld ....................................................................................49 Spot Welds ..........................................................................................50 About Spot Welds .........................................................................................50 To Create a Spot Weld ...................................................................................51 Adding Weld Notches ...............................................................................52 About Adding Weld Notches ............................................................................52 To Add a Standard Weld Notch........................................................................53 To Add a User-Defined Weld Notch ..................................................................55 Changing Welding Features..........................................................................56 xii

Table of Contents About Working with Welding Features ..............................................................56 To Pattern Welds ..........................................................................................57 To Change the Number of Welds in a Pattern ....................................................57 To Delete a Weld Pattern or a Weld in a Pattern ................................................58 To Edit a Welding Feature Definition ................................................................58 About Converting Welding Geometry Types.......................................................58 Guidelines for Converting Solid and Light Edge Preparations .............................59 To Convert Solid and Light Welding Features.....................................................60 About Compound Welds .................................................................................61 To Combine and Uncombine Welds ..................................................................62 To Combine Welds......................................................................................62 To Uncombine Welds ..................................................................................62 Obtaining Welding Information .....................................................................63 About Welding Information .............................................................................63 To Obtain Welding Information........................................................................64 To Obtain Welding Feature Information from the Model Tree.............................64 To Obtain Welding Information from the Info Menu .........................................64 Finite Element Analysis of Welded Assemblies (FEA)...........................................65 Detailing Welding Assemblies .......................................................................65 About Welding Symbols in Drawings ................................................................65 To Display Welding Symbols for Existing Welds in a Drawing ...............................66 To Redefine a Welding Symbol ........................................................................66 Restrictions for Redefining a Welding Symbol ....................................................67 To Replace a Symbol in a System Welding Symbol Library ..................................67 To Store a Redefined Welding Symbol ..............................................................67 Index ..........................................................................................................69

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Welding
Using Welding

About Welding
With Welding you can: Create and modify simple and compound welds in an Assembly. Weld geometry can be solid or light. Prepare edges for welding and create weld notches. Hide or display welds in an assembly. Define parameters of the welding process. Create assembly drawings with welding symbols. Obtain both general and specific information about welds, including location, mass, volume, and size. Generate Pro/REPORT tables with rod and weld information

A typical Welding session may include the following steps: 1. Import the reference part into the welding environment by entering Assembly mode and retrieving or creating an assembly. 2. Define the welding environment by defining welding rods, processes, and parameters. 3. Determine if you want to weld, prepare edges, or create weld notches, or a combination of the three. 4. Define the type of weld, edge preparation, or notch to perform on the part or assembly. 5. Determine the family table configuration. The family table provides the functionality to create the cut in either the generic or instances of the part and its assemblies. 6. Determine if you want your weld or feature to contain solid or light geometry. 7. Define the edge preparation cut, notch, or weld dimensions. 8. Set any additional parameters or welding processes. 9. Detail your welding assembly with drawings of welded assemblies and annotate weld joints. 10. Generate either a bill of materials (BOM) or Pro/REPORT tables with weld parameters, or both.

To Get Started with Welding

1. Create or open an assembly in Pro/ENGINEER. 1

Welding - Help Topic Collection

2. Click Applications > Welding. You may see (toolbar to right of graphics window). 3. If you do not see , follow these steps:

appear in the Right Toolchest

a. Click Tools > Customize Screen. b. In the Categories list, select Weld Feature. Under Commands, appears. c. Drag to the Right Toolchest or Top Toolchest.

4. Start to create your welds: o or Insert > Weld to open the WELD DEFINITION dialog box so Click you can define the Weld, Edge Preparation, or Weld Notch welding features. You can define one feature, or a combination of welding features at the same time. Click Tools > Weld to create and define welding rods, processes and parameters.

Understanding the Welding Interface

About the Welding Interface

The Welding user interface contains the following elements: Menu Commands Welding menu commands are grouped, and open dialog boxes or submenus for step-by-step weld creation. Welding Dialog Boxes o Expandable and collapsible dialog boxes sections are indicated by a black triangle. When you click the triangle, a section expands or collapses. Enables you to define attributes of your welding operation by separating major groupings within a dialog box. Enables you to simultaneously create or modify multiple welding features and feature types. Provides dynamic options that update as you make selections.

About the Model Tree with Welding

The Model Tree provides a feature-level visual representation of your welding project. Each feature you create is chronologically represented in the Model Tree. Highlights of the Model Tree follow. Using the Model Tree, you can: 2 Make features more visible by highlighting them.

Welding Reorder features, and ultimately change the project dynamic, by dragging features to various locations. Access a shortcut menu that enables you to create and modify your design. The shortcut menu may include commands to: o o Edit the definition of welding features. Hide or unhide, suppress or resume, welding features to simplify or accentuate areas of your welding design. Meet your design intent quickly by using the Pattern tool to pattern weld features. Obtain information, and create notes about welding features. Convert light welding geometry to solid geometry (and vice versa). Edit parameters.

o o o

You can define which features display and how they display in the Model Tree, by clicking the Show and Settings tabs.

About Using Layers in Welding

You use layers in a model or a layout as an organizational tool. By associating items with a layer, you can collectively manipulate features including deleting, reordering, suppressing, or hiding and unhiding them as necessary. While there is no specific default layer for welding, you can set a default layer for all welding features (light and solid) by setting the configuration option def_layer to layer_weld_feat <layername>, where layername is the name you assign the layer. For example: def_layer layer_weld_feat allwelds Weld features you create after setting this option are automatically added to this default layer. You can customize your welding layers, and how they display, by clicking Show > Layer Tree from the Model Tree.

Creating a Layer for Light Welds Only

You can create a layer for light welds only from the Rule Editor dialog box. Set both the rules described below: Look for = Feature Look by = Feature Attributes = Type Comparison = is equal to Category = Welding Look for = Feature Look by = Feature Attributes = Type Comparison = is not equal to Category = Miscellaneous

Welding - Help Topic Collection

Value = Welding Feature or any other welding type.

Value = Has Quilts

Displaying Welds

About Displaying Welds

You can control the display of welding features in the graphics window, the Model tree, the Layer Tree, and in other applications. When working in Welding, you can make various selections to modify how and when weld features appear.

Displaying Features in the Model Tree

Features, by default, are not visible in the model tree for an Assembly. You must select Features from the Model Tree Items dialog box (Settings > Model Tree and select Features). The model tree expands to include all features in the assembly, including welding features.

Displaying Weld Features in the Layer Tree

Set the configuration option def_layers to layer_weld_feat <layername> to see weld features in the layer tree. All weld features are automatically included in the layer.

Hiding and Unhiding Weld Features

You can hide weld features by right-clicking on a weld feature and selecting Hide. This removes the weld display in the graphics window. You can also hide the layer containing weld features so all weld features are hidden.

Changing the Default Weld Color

There is a default color for all welds or you can set the color for all welding features using the configuration option weld_color. All welds created after you set this configuration will conform to the color you defined. You can also set colors for individual or multiple welds in your assembly. The new color is also visible in other applications, such as the Standard application.

Using Welding Icons

Use to quickly access the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. If you do not see this button after starting the Welding application, you can take steps to position it.Unique icons identify welding features in the model tree. Some are listed below: 4 Solid Fillet Weld Light Fillet Weld Solid Edge Preparation

Welding Light Edge Preparation Welding Rod Welding Process

Displaying Light Welds

By default, both solid and light welds are visible in the graphics window. You can toggle the display of light welds from the Model Display dialog box (View > Display Settings > Model Display), by selecting or clearing the Weld check box. When light welds are displayed in applications other than Welding, or when they are exported and appear in 2D and 3D interfaces such as IGES and STEP, they appear as thick lines. The thickness of the light weld line distinguishes it from a regular datum curve.

To Hide or Unhide Welds

You can hide or unhide welds, using the Model Tree, the Layer Tree, or the View menu.

To Hide or Unhide Welds Using the Model Tree

1. Select the weld you want to hide or unhide and right-click. 2. Select Hide to temporarily turn off the weld display in the graphics window or Unhide to turn on the weld display. To unhide all hidden items, click View > Visibility > Unhide All. Note: When you unhide a weld the Model Tree icon changes. For example, the Groove weld icon changes as follows: Unhidden Hidden

To Hide or Unhide Welds Using the View Menu

1. Click View > Weld Display > Blank. The Search Tool dialog box opens and the welds in the current assembly are listed in the selected items box. Note: If you select Blank, only welds currently visible are listed. If you select Unblank, only welds currently not visible are listed. 2. Select the weld or welds to hide and click found items box. . The selected items move to the

Note: When you select a weld in the selected items box, the weld is highlighted in the Model Tree and in the graphics window. 3. Click Close. The Select dialog box opens. 4. Click OK. Selected welds are hidden (blanked) from the graphics window. 5

Welding - Help Topic Collection 5. To unhide (unblank), click View > Weld Display > Unblank. The WELD NAMES menu appears and all weld features currently hidden are listed. 6. Select the weld features to unhide (unblank) and click Done Sel. Selected feature are no longer hidden. Note: o o To unhide all hidden items, click View > Visibility > Unhide All. You can also hide (or unhide) welds from the Layer Tree by selecting the layer containing welds, right-clicking, and selecting Hide.

To Change the Color of a Weld

You can change the color of welds in your assembly by setting the configuration option weld_color before creating the weld. To change the color of existing welds in your assembly using the Color dialog box. 1. Select one or more welds in the graphics window or in the Model Tree for which you want to change the color. 2. Right-click and select Properties. The Color dialog box opens. 3. Do one of the following: o o Click a User-defined color and click OK. Click New, use the Color Wheel to define a color, and click Close.

The selected weld or welds change color.

Configuring Pro/ENGINEER for Using Welding

About Configuration Options for Welding

You can customize the way you model parts by entering configuration file options and their values in the Options dialog box (Tools > Options). Welding Help provides a list of configuration options arranged in alphabetical order. Each option contains the following information: Configuration option name. Default and available variables or values. All default values are in italic. Brief description and notes describing the configuration option

To Set Welding Configuration Options

1. Click Tools > Options. The Options dialog box opens. 2. Click the Show only options loaded from file check box to see currently loaded configuration options or clear this check box to see all configuration options. The configuration options display.

Welding 3. Select the configuration option from the list or type the configuration option name in the Option box. 4. In the Value box type or select a value. Note: The default value is followed by an asterisk (*). 5. Click Add/Change. The configuration option and its value appear in the list. A green status icon confirms the change. 6. When you finish configuring Welding, click Apply. The configuration options are set.

add_weld_mp
yes, no When calculating mass properties, determines if welds are included or excluded from the calculation. Note: Light weld mass property calculations are approximate, unless you specify weld section references. yesIncludes welds when calculating mass properties. noExcludes welds when calculating mass properties.

pro_weld_params_dir
<current working directory>, <directoryname> Specifies the directory to search when a weld parameter file is needed.

weld_ask_xsec_refs
yes, no Sets the display of X-section reference prompt when creating weld features. yesPrompts you for X-section references when creating weld features. noDoes not prompt you for X-section references when creating weld features.

weld_color
1.000000 0.500000 0.000000, <red percentage> <green percentage> <blue percentage> Specifies the color to display welds created in Pro/ENGINEER 2000i and later. The three decimal values in the range from 0 through 100 specify the percentages of red, green, and blue (in this order) in the resulting color. For example, 0 0 49 specifies a medium blue color.

weld_dec_places
3, <0-10> Sets the default number of decimal places (0-10) to display in the weld parameters.

Welding - Help Topic Collection

weld_edge_prep_driven_by
part, assembly Determines if the edge preparation feature is created in the part or the assembly level and determines the level of edge preparation. partReferences are defined for the parts locally. assemblyAll the part level features use a common set of references.

weld_edge_prep_groove_angle
45.0, <user-defined degree value> Specifies the initial default degree of the angle cut edge preparation.

weld_edge_prep_groove_depth
.25, <user-defined depth value> Specifies the initial default groove depth for edge preparation.

weld_edge_prep_instance
yes, no Controls whether a family table instance is created for edge preparation. yesInstances of the components (parts, assemblies, and subassemblies) that receive edge preparation are created. noInstances of the components (parts, assemblies, and subassemblies) that receive edge preparation are not created. Note: If weld_edge_prep_instance is set to yes, weld_edge_prep_visibility is set to instance, and the instance assembly is not active in any window, a new window opens. You can add edge preparation features in that window. The default options are set so that you can observe the application of the edge preparation feature. Edge Preparation features can exist at the part or assembly level, depending on your requirements. Specify if you want these features to be family table instances or not.

weld_edge_prep_name_suffix
_noep, <user-defined suffix> Specifies the suffix name for the instance that will be created during edge preparation. Part name plus extension makes the instance name.

weld_edge_prep_root_open
.25, <user-defined root opening value> Specifies an initial default value for the root opening edge preparation.

weld_edge_prep_visibility
generic, instance 8

Welding Sets the visibility of edge preparation features when the configuration option weld_edge_prep_instance is set to yes. genericEdge preparation features are resumed in the generic and suppressed in the instance. instanceThe edge preparation features are suppressed in the generic and resumed in the instance. Note: If weld_edge_prep_instance is set to yes, weld_edge_prep_visibility is set to instance, and the instance assembly is not active in any window, a new window opens. You can add additional edge preparation features in that window. The default options are set so that you can observe the application of the Edge Preparation feature. Edge Preparation features can exist at the part or assembly level, depending on your requirements. Specify if you want these features to be family table instances or not.

weld_geom_type_default
solid, light Sets the default geometry type in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box.

weld_notch_corner_radius
0.1Inch/2mm, <user-defined radius> Specifies the initial default value for the weld notch corner radius. The default value sets the initial weld notch corner radius to 0.1Inch or 2mm.

weld_notch_height
0.400000, <user-defined notch height> Specifies the initial default value for the weld notch height.

weld_notch_radius
0.50000, <user-defined radius> Specifies the initial default value for the weld notch radius.

weld_notch_width
0.500000, <user-defined width> Specifies the initial default value for the weld notch width.

weld_ui_standard
ansi, iso Specifies the standard for the welding user interface.

Welding - Help Topic Collection

Creating Rods, Processes, and Parameters

About Setting Up Welding

Setting up Welding for your designs helps you control your overall welding design process and to set defaults for common weld elements. When you set up Welding you can: Create and assign various welding rods for your design. Establish company or industry welding processes to guide and automatically document your weld creation. Maintain consistency in your design by setting welding parameters.

Welding Rods

About Welding Rods

A welding rod, identified in the Model Tree by , provides the welding material necessary to create a weld bead. A welding rod has a circular cross-section and attributes, such as density, diameter, and length, which you pre-define. Within a welding assembly, each welding rod is defined by its name and parameters. Rod parameters are stored with the model. However, you can use and reuse welding rods in any of your welding assemblies by storing the rod parameters in a .rod file in your working directory. You define and work with welding rods almost exclusively in the WELDING RODS dialog box. First define (or retrieve) rods for the assembly and then assign a selected rod to a weld. You can assign the same welding rod to multiple welds. From a weld feature, you can change a rod assignment from the shortcut menu or edit the weld feature definition to add or change a rod. When you delete a rod that was assigned to a weld, you also need to delete the weld that uses that rod. To avoid having to delete the weld, first unassign the rod and then delete it.

To Define and Edit Welding Rods

You define and edit welding rods using the WELDING RODS dialog box. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Rod. The WELDING RODS dialog box opens. If you already defined one or more rods, the rod names are listed in the Rod List and the default rod appears under Rod Parameters. If this is the first rod you are defining or you are adding a rod, go to step two. If you are editing an existing rod, go to step 8. 2. To define a new welding rod click .

3. In the Rod Name box, type the name (without spaces) for your rod and press ENTER. The remaining rod parameters become available.

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Welding 4. Type or select values for the remaining rod parameters, defined below: o Specification NumberA company assigned or industry specification number. MaterialMaterial type. DensityWelding rod density value. Length UnitsUnit type for length. Mass UnitsUnit type for mass. DiameterWelding rod diameter value. LengthWelding rod length value.

o o o o o o

5. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user-defined welding rod parameters. 6. When you finish defining the welding rod, click Apply. The welding rod name appears in the Rod List and in the Model Tree. In the Model Tree the welding rod is represented by . 7. To define another welding rod, repeat steps 2 through 6. 8. To edit an existing welding rod, select the rod from the Rod List, customize the Rod Parameters, and click Apply. 9. Click Done to close the dialog box. 10. To make changes to a welding rod, select the rod in the Model Tree, right-click, and select Edit. The WELDING RODS dialog box opens. Repeat step 8. Note: To remove a welding rod from the Rod List, select the welding rod in the list and click or delete it directly from the Model Tree. When you delete a rod that was assigned to a weld, you also need to delete the weld that uses that rod. To avoid having to delete the weld, first unassign the rod and then delete it. To retrieve an existing rod stored to a file, click File > Open. The Open dialog box opens. Select the appropriate .rod file and click Open. To obtain information on where a Welding Rod is used, select the Rod from the Rod List, and click Info > Where Used. The INFORMATION WINDOW opens and contains Rod Usage Information.

To Assign or Unassign a Welding Rod

You assign and unassign a welding rod to a feature and set the default welding rod, from the WELDING RODS dialog box. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Rod. The WELDING ROD dialog box opens.

11

Welding - Help Topic Collection 2. Select the rod name in the Rod List and follow the steps below: a. Click to assign or dialog box opens. to unassign a welding rod. The Search Tool

If you are assigning, unassigned rods in the active assembly are in the items found list. If you are unassigning, assigned rods in the active assembly are in the items found list. b. Select the appropriate weld or welds and click to the found items list. . The selected items move

c. Click Close. Selected items are highlighted in the Model Tree and the graphics window, and the Select dialog box opens. d. Click OK in the Select dialog box to confirm your selection. e. In the WELDING RODS dialog box, click Apply to assign or unassign the rod. 3. Repeat step 2 until all rods are assigned or unassigned as required, and click Done.

To Change Welding Rod Assignments

You can select a weld feature and change the welding rod it is assigned, or select a welding rod and change the weld features it is assigned.

To Change the Welding Rod for a Weld Feature

1. Select a Weld feature in the model tree or the graphics window, right click and select Change Rod or Edit Definition. 2. If you select Change Rod, the ROD SEL dialog box opens. Select the rod you want to assign to the feature and click Ok. Note: You can also select the Weld feature and click Edit > Weld > Change Rod. 3. If you select Edit Definition, the <Weld Type> WELD dialog box opens. a. Under Elements, click Weld Rod and Define. The ROD SEL dialog box opens. b. Select the rod you want to assign to the feature and click Ok. c. From the <Weld Type> WELD dialog box continue to make additional changes as required and click Define and OK.

To Change the Features Assigned to a Welding Rod

1. Select any Welding Rod ( ) from the Model Tree.

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Welding 2. Click Edit > Weld > Change Rod. The Search Tool dialog box opens. In the items found list, all Weld features and their rod assignments are displayed. 3. Select the feature or features for which you want to change the welding rod and click . Selected items move to the items selected list.

Note: Select only those features for which you want to assign the same rod. 4. Click Close. The Select dialog box opens. 5. Click OK. The ROD SEL dialog box opens. 6. Select the rod to which you want to assign the selected features and click Ok.

To Reuse a Welding Rod

You can use and reuse welding rods in any of your welding assemblies by storing the rod parameters in a .rod file. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Rod. The WELDING RODS dialog box opens. 2. Select a welding rod from the Rod List and click one of the following: o o File > SaveThe .rod file is saved to your working directory. File > Save AsThe Save a Copy dialog box opens. Type a new rod name in the New Name box and click OK. The .rod file is saved and the rod parameters are available for any of your welding assemblies

3. To retrieve a .rod file for your welding assembly a. Click File > Open in the WELDING RODS dialog box. The Open dialog box opens. b. Select a .rod file and click Open. The welding rod appears in the Rod List.

Welding Processes

About Welding Process Parameters

A welding process is identified in the model tree by . By defining process parameters you can streamline the creation of welding designs, ensure design consistency, and save time. Typically, you define your welding process parameters before you create any welding features. However, you can assign and unassign welding process parameters at any time in your design. With the welding process parameters you can: Assign a machine type and indicate when and where to create the welding feature. Specify a specific feed rate. Select welding treatments, shapes, backing, and finishes.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection Apply company or industry specifications. Establish acceptable rod and root opening lengths.

You can further customize your welding process by assigning optional and userdefined parameters. Within a welding assembly, each welding process is defined by its name and parameters. Process parameters are stored with the model. You can use and reuse welding processes in any of your welding assemblies by storing the process parameters in a .wpr file in your working directory.

To Define and Edit Welding Process Parameters

You can create or edit welding process parameters using the WELDING PROCESSES dialog box. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Process. The WELDING PROCESSES dialog box opens. If you already defined one or more welding processes, the process names are listed and the default process appears under Process Parameters. If this is the first process you are defining or you are adding a process, go to step 2. If you are editing an existing process, go to step 8. 2. Click .

3. In the Process Name box, type the name (without spaces) for your process and press ENTER. The remaining process parameters become available. 4. Type or select values for the remaining process parameters, defined below: o Machine TypeClick Manual for welds performed manually or Robotic for an automated welding process. TreatmentWeld heat treatment. FeedrateWelding rod feed rate. SpecificationCompany or industry specification number. Max Allowed LengthMaximum allowed welding rod length. Min Allowed LengthMinimum allowed welding rod length. Max Root OpeningMaximum root opening. Min Root OpeningMinimum root opening. FinishFinish type. ShapeFlat , convex , or concave weld surface contour.

o o o o o o o o o o

BackingSelect one of the following backings: (Back Weld)Toggles display of Back Weld Finish and Back Weld Shape process parameters.

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Welding

(Keep Backing) (Remove backing) o Back Weld FinishFinish for the back weld. This parameter is only available when o is selected. or . This parameter is only available when

Back Weld ShapeClick is selected

Field WeldClick to identify the welding process as a field weld, made on location and not during initial assembly construction.

5. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user defined welding parameters. 6. When you finish defining the welding process, click Apply. The welding process name appears in the Process List and in the Model Tree. In the Model Tree, the welding process is represented by . 7. To define another process, repeat steps 2 through 6. 8. To edit an existing welding process, select the process from the Process List, customize the Process Parameters, and click Apply. 9. Click Done to close the dialog box. 10. To make changes to a welding process, select the process in the model tree and click Edit. The WELDING PROCESSES dialog box opens. 11. Repeat the above procedure. Note: To remove a welding process, select the process from the Process List and click , or delete it directly from the Model Tree. To retrieve an existing welding process stored to a file, click File > Open. The Open dialog box opens. Select the appropriate .wrp file and click Open. To obtain information on where a welding process is used, click Info > Where Used. The INFORMATION WINDOW opens and contains Process Usage Information.

Converting from Environment Welding Parameters

Starting with Pro/ENGINEER 2001, Environment Welding Parameters in welding assemblies are replaced by the Welding Process feature. If you are working with a Welding assembly containing environment parameters and click Tools > Weld > Process, you are prompted to convert these parameters to welding process parameters. 15

Welding - Help Topic Collection After the conversion, Environment Welding Parameters are removed and a new welding process feature, PROC_FROM_ENV, is created.

To Assign or Unassign Welding Processes

You assign, unassign, and set default welding process using the WELDING PROCESSES dialog box. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Processes. The WELDING PROCESSES dialog box opens. 2. Select the process name in the Process List and follow these steps: a. Click to assign or dialog box opens. to unassign a welding process. The Search Tool

If you are assigning, unassigned processes in the active assembly are in the items found list. If you are unassigning, assigned processes in the active assembly are in the items found list. b. Select the appropriate weld or welds and click to the found items list. . The selected items move

c. Click Close. Selected items are highlighted in the Model Tree and the graphics window, and the Select dialog box opens. d. Click OK in the Select dialog box to confirm your selection. e. In the WELDING PROCESSES dialog box, click Apply to assign or unassigned the process. f. Repeat step 2 as required and click Done when complete.

To Change Welding Process Assignments

You can select a weld feature and change the welding process it is assigned, or select a welding process and change the weld features it is assigned.

To Change the Welding Process for a Weld feature

1. Select a Weld feature in the Model Tree or the graphics window, right click and select Change Process or Edit Definition. 2. If you select Change Process, the PROCESS SEL dialog box opens. Select the process you want to assign to the feature and click Ok. Note: You can also select the Weld feature and click Edit > Weld > Change Process. 3. If you select Edit Definition, the <Weld Type> Weld dialog box opens. a. Under Elements, click Weld Process and Define. The PROCESS SEL dialog box opens.

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Welding b. Select the process you want to assign to the feature and click Ok. c. From the <Weld Type> WELD dialog box continue to make additional changes as required, and click Define and OK.

To Change the Features Assigned to a Welding Process

1. Select any welding process ( ) from the Model Tree. 2. Click Edit > Weld > Change Process. The Search Tool dialog box opens. All Weld features and their process assignments are in the items found list. 3. Select the feature or features for which you want to change the welding process and click . Selected items move to the items selected list.

Note: Select only those features for which you want to assign the same process 4. Click Close. The Select dialog box opens. 5. Click OK. The PROCESS SEL dialog box opens. 6. Select the process to which you want to assign the selected features and click Ok.

To Reuse a Welding Process

You can use and reuse welding processes in any of your welding assemblies by storing the process parameters in a .wpr file. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Process. The WELDING PROCESSES dialog box opens. 2. Select a welding process from the Process List and click one of the following: o o File > SaveThe .wpr (process file) is saved to your working directory. File > Save AsThe Save a Copy dialog box opens. Type a new process name in the New Name box and click OK. The process parameters are saved in a .wpr file and are available for any of your welding assemblies.

3. To retrieve a .wpr file for your welding assembly: a. Click File > Open in the WELDING PROCESSES dialog box. b. Select a .wpr file and click Open. The welding process appears in the Process List.

Welding Parameters

About Welding Parameters

Welding parameters automate routine tasks to help streamline your welding design. You can predefine some common feature geometry to ensure design consistency and to save time. Within a welding assembly, each welding parameter is defined by its name and its type of parameter. Welding parameters are stored with the model, however, you can 17

Welding - Help Topic Collection use and reuse welding parameters in any of your welding assemblies by storing the parameters in a .wpr file in your working directory. You can divide welding parameters into the following categories: GeneralPredefines geometry and establish general welding feature behavior in your assemblies. ReportPredefines and establishes welding data for your welding reports. RodCreates and controls the behavior of welding rods in your welding assemblies.

You can further customize your welding assemblies by expanding the parameters contained in the categories above by creating optional and user defined parameters.

Welding Measurement Parameter

A welding measurement parameter is a common user-defined parameter based on a measurement from the model. First you create a parameter name and give it the value of measure. Then you define what requires measuring. Alternatively, you can define the measurement first, and then create the parameter.

General, Rod, and Report Parameters

About General Parameters

The following table lists the general welding parameters available in Welding. Parameter Name X_SECTION_AREA ROOT_PENETRATION MAX_ALLOWED_LENGTH MIN_ALLOWED_LENGTH MAX_ROOT_OPENING MIN_ROOT_OPENING SPECIFICATION_NUMBER Value value -1.000 value 0 value 1000 value 0 value 100 value 0 string 1EXXXXX Definition Cross-sectional area of the weld Depth of root penetration Maximum allowed length of the weld Minimum allowed length of the weld Maximum root opening Minimum root opening Specification number of the weld

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Welding

Parameter Name TREATMENT

Value NONE LOW_HYDROGEN PRE_HEATING POST_HEATING CHIP GRIND HAMMER MACHINE ROLL UNSPECIFIED

Definition Treatment of the weld

FINISH

Finish process of the weld

MACH_TYPE FEEDRATE

MANUAL ROBOTIC value -1.000 value

Machining type of the weld Feedrate of the welding machine (unit = assembly unit /hour) (Read-only) Computed length of trajectory of the welding rod (Read -only) Computed length of the (physical) weld bead. Angle of a groove weld between welded components Value given to the first leg of a fillet weld Value given to the second leg of a fillet weld Size of the plug weldment

LENGTH

WELD_LENGTH

value

GROOVE_ANGLE

value 0.000

LEG1

value 0.000

LEG2

value 0.000

PLUG_SIZE

value 0.000

PREP_DEPTH

value 0.000

The preparation depth of a weld The size of the root opening between two welded components

ROOT_OPEN

value 0.000

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Parameter Name SPOT_PITCH

Value value 0.000

Definition The pitch distance between spot welds A user-defined parameter can be added to the list of parameters

USER_DEFINED

string

About Rod Parameters

The following table lists the rod parameters available in Welding. Note: The default parameter values are followed by an asterisk (*). You must substitute positive user-specific values for any negative default parameter value. Parameter Name DIAMETER LENGTH DENSITY SPECIFICATION_NUMBER MATERIAL LENGTH_UNITS Value -1.000* -1.000* -1.000* 1EXXXXX* string CAST_IRON* string INCH* FOOT MILLIMETER CENTIMETER METER OUNCE POUND* TON GRAM KILOGRAM TONNE string Definition Rod diameter Length of the rod Density of the rod material Specification number of the rod Material of the rod Units of length for the rod

MASS_UNITS

Units of mass for the rod

USER_DEFINED

A user-defined parameter can be added to the list of parameters.

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Welding When you define parameters, you can include additional parameters or specify userdefined parameters.

About Report Parameters

The following table lists welding parameters available in Pro/REPORT. Parameter Name &weldasm.weld.seq_id &weldasm.weld.type &weldasm.weld.len &weldasm.weld.size Definition Lists the ID of a welding sequence. Lists the type of welding sequence (such as, fillet, groove, and so on). Lists the length of a weld (in assembly units). Lists the size of a weld in assembly units according to its type: Fillet: L or L1xL2 Groove: Penetration + Root Penetration Plug/slot: Depth + Root Penetration Spot: Diameter &weldasm.weld.volume &weldasm.weld.rodlength &weldasm.weld.timeused &weldasm.weld.User-defined &weldasm.weld.rod.name &weldasm.rod.name &weldasm.rod.totallength &weldasm.rod.totalmass &weldasm.rod.User-defined &weldasm.totallength &weldasm.totalmass Lists the volume of a weld (in assembly units). Lists the length of the rod used by a weld (in rod units). Lists time used to finish routing a weld (in hours). User-defined weld parameters. User-defined is the parameter name. Lists the name of the rod used by a weld. Lists the rod name. Lists the total length of a rod in an assembly. Lists the total mass of a rod in an assembly. User-defined rod parameters. User-defined - is the parameter name. Lists the total length of all welds in the assembly (in assembly units). Lists the total amount of rod mass used in the assembly (in rod units).

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Parameter Name &weldasm.totaltime

Definition Lists total welding time in the assembly (in hours).

A Sample Pro/REPORT Table Welding Sequence weldasm.weld.seq_id Weld Type weldasm.weld.type Rod Name weldasm.weld. rod.name Pro/REPORT Information Table Welding Sequence 1 2 3 4 Weld Type Rod Name Weld Length Weld Length weldasm.weld.len

Groove Fillet Fillet Groove

Steel_Rod1 Steel_Rod1 Steel_Rod1 Steel_Rod2

.4 .3 .4 .2

To Access Report Parameters in a Drawing

To access welding report parameters, from within a drawing: 1. Double-click the repeat region cell in the report table. The Report Symbol dialog box opens. Note: To add a repeat region click Table > Repeat Region. 2. Click weldasm from the list of parameter types and make any necessary changes.

To Define Welding Parameters

For each weld, you must specify relevant welding parameters. You can define parameters for the current weld session or open and use weld parameters from a previous weld session. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Parameters. The WELD PARAMETERS dialog box opens. If this is the first weld in the assembly, no parameters are listed, otherwise, the parameters from the current, or last saved parameter file are listed. 2. Click to add parameter.

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Welding 3. In the Name box, type a user-defined parameter or select a parameter from the list. 4. In the Value box, type a value or select from a list of values. 5. To delete a parameter, select the parameter and click .

6. To modify a parameter, select the value and make the change. 7. To list all parameters in the INFORMATION WINDOW, click Info > Show. From here you can see a brief description of each parameter, search through the parameters, and if required, edit the file. 8. When changes are complete do one of the following: o o Click OK to save your changes. Click File > Save or File > Save as to save to a .wpr file. You can then use this set of parameters in the current or in a future weld session.

9. Click Cancel to close the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. Note: You can also use the commands in the File and Action menus in the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box to complete the above steps.

Controlling a Weld Cross-Section Parameter Using Relations

If you want the X_SECTION_AREA parameter to update whenever geometry changes, you can specify a relation that causes this parameter to be recalculated automatically. Two types of parameters can be used in a relation that you specify for the X_SECTION_AREA parameter: Model dimensions or any dimensions of an existing weld (such as, leg size) in their symbolic form (such as, d32). Measurement parameters.

When you access the Welding Parameters Info window, the relation that you entered for the X_SECTION_AREA parameter is listed in the table. Values of the measurement parameters can be viewed in the Model Info window.

Method 1: Using the Evaluate Feature

1. Create a weld and specify the initial value for the X_SECTION_AREA parameter. 2. Create an assembly surface feature using the Flat option with the profile of the surface corresponding to the cross-section of the weld.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection Creating a Surface Based on the Welds Cross-Section

3. Create an assembly Evaluate feature, measuring the area of this cross-sectional quilt. Specify the name of the Evaluate feature (such as, X_SECTION_AREA). 4. Create an assembly relation which relates the measurement of the surface feature and the X_SECTION_AREA parameter of the weld. (Obtain the internal ID of the weld using Info > Feature.) Enter the following relation: X_SECTION_AREA:fid_weld_id = X_SECTION_AREA:fid_evalfeat_id where: weld_id - is the internal feature ID of the weld. evalfeat_id - is the internal ID or the name of the Evaluate feature. 5. Regenerate the model. The system updates the X_SECTION_AREA parameter of the weld; the volume of the weld updates accordingly. 6. If desired, you can put the flat surface on a layer and blank this layer.

Method 2: Using the CALC_X_SECTION_AREA Parameter

1. When defining a weld, define the X-Section plane in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. This creates a parameter CALC_X_SECTION_AREA. 2. Create a relation X_SECTION_AREA=CALC_X_SECTION_AREA. When the system solves this relation, it gives you the updated values for the cross-section area.

Tip: Entering Information in the Welding Parameters Table

To set up a relation between a welding parameter and measurements of some geometric elements, you enter the following information in the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. 1. Enter an equation as a value for the desired parameter. 2. For the measurement parameter used in the relation, enter the following line: parameter_name measure where: parameter_name is the name of the parameter.

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Welding For example, you could add the following lines to the table in the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box: X_SECTION_AREA a b a*b/2*1.2 measure measure

Note: The length of a relation is limited to a single line of text and you cannot use conditional statements.

To Reuse Welding Parameters in Your Design

From the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box, you can add parameters for your design, or you can retrieve an existing parameter file to use or modify and use. You can use and reuse welding parameters in any of your welding assemblies. 1. Click Tools > Weld > Parameters. The WELD PARAMETERS dialog box opens. 2. Click File > Open. The Open dialog box opens, listing available welding parameter files. 3. Select the appropriate welding parameter file to use and click Open. If parameters already exist, click Yes to overwrite them. The welding parameter file is retrieved and assigned to your design.

To Edit Welding Parameters

You initially define weld parameters in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. After defining weld parameters, there are a number of ways to add, delete, or make changes to them. 1. Select the weld in the Model Tree or graphics window and right-click. 2. Select Edit Parameters or Edit Definition. a. If you select Edit Parameters, the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box opens listing parameters for the selected weld. b. If you select Edit Definition, the <weld type> WELD dialog box opens. Click Parameters and Define. The WELD PARAMETERS dialog box opens, listing parameters for the selected weld. Note: After selecting the weld, you can also click Edit > Weld > Edit Parameters to open the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. 3. To modify existing welding parameters not currently assigned to your design follow steps a through c below, otherwise, go to step 4. a. Click File > Open from the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. The Open dialog box opens. b. Select the appropriate welding parameter file to modify and click Open. If parameters already exist, you are prompted to overwrite them.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection c. Click Yes. The parameter file opens in the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. 4. Make modifications as appropriate. 5. Click OK. Tip: You can also use Tools > Parameters to create or edit user-defined parameters.

To Create and Define a Welding Measurement Parameter

Measurement is a specific type of user-defined welding parameter that is always assigned the value of measure. You must then define what measurement in the model, maps to the Measurement parameter. If the model changes, the reported measurement value also changes. 1. Open the WELD DEFINITION or WELD PARAMETERS dialog box: o To open the WELD DEFINITION dialog box, click Insert > Weld), define the welding feature, and then click Optional and User-defined Parameters. To open the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box do one of the following: Click Tools > Weld > Parameters. Select a weld, right-click, and select Edit > Parameters. Select a weld, right-click, and select Edit Definition. The <weld type> WELD dialog box opens. Click Parameters. Select a weld and click Edit > Weld > Edit Parameters. 2. Click to add a parameter and type a parameter name.

3. Type measure as the value for the parameter. 4. Repeat steps 3-4 until you have added all the required Measurement parameters. 5. Click OK. Depending on which dialog box is open and how you accessed the dialog box, one of the following occurs. o From the WELD DEFINITION dialog box, the <weld type> WELD dialog box opens and the REF OPTIONS menu appears. After you define the references to the weld, and progress through the WLD PLACEMENT and DIRECTION menus, the Measurements element is automatically selected and the MEASURE PARAM menu appears. From the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box when opened from Tools > Weld > Parameters, the parameter is added but it is not yet assigned to the model. The dialog box closes and you are not prompted for additional information.

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Welding From the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box when opened after selecting a weld (right-click and select Edit Parameters, or Edit > Weld > Edit Parameters), the MEASURE PARAM menu appears.

6. By default, Create is selected on the MEASURE PARAM menu and the CREATE MSR menu also appears. The Enter command and undefined measurement parameters for the existing weld are listed on the CREATE MSR menu. 7. To create a new Measurement parameter following steps a and b below. To define one of the parameters listed go to step 8. a. Click Enter. b. In the message area, type the Measurement parameter name and click .

8. Click a user-defined Measurement parameter on the CREATE MSR menu. The GET MEASURE menu appears with the following commands. Click the command that defines the measurement you want to make: o o o o o o o o Edge/Crv LenMeasures a curve or edge length. Edg/Crv CurvMeasures a curve or edge curvature. AngleMeasures an angle between two entities. DistanceMeasures the distance between two entities. AreaMeasures an area of a surface or a quilt. DiameterMeasures a diameter of a curved surface. Min RadiusMeasures a minimum radius of a surface. Srf ClearanceMeasures the clearance between two surfaces.

9. In the graphics window, select items to measure by following the prompts in the Pro/ENGINEER message area. For measurements where you need to measure between entities, specify the type of geometric reference by selecting Point, Vertex, Plane, Axis, or Coord sys, and then select the reference item. After providing all the necessary information, you receive a message such as Measurement ;XYZParameter (Length = 90.8000) created successfully. The current value of the parameter is given in parentheses. 10. Repeat steps 8 and 9 until you have defined all measurements. The CREATE MSR menu is no longer visible. 11. Click Done.

To Edit Measurement Parameters

After you define a Measurement parameter you may want to, delete it, or get its current value. You can do so from the MEASURE PARAM menu. 1. To access the MEASURE PARAM menu select a weld, right-click, and select Edit > Definition. The <weld type> WELD dialog box opens.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection Note: If you have undefined Measurement parameters you can select the weld, right-click, and select Edit Parameters, or click Edit > Weld > Edit Parameters to open the WELD PARAMETERS dialog box. Then add a measurement parameter and click OK or just click OK. The MEASURE PARAM menu appears. 2. Select the element Measurements. The MEASURE PARAM menu appears with the following commands: o CreateDefines a measurement parameter or creates and names a measurement parameter. DeleteDeletes an existing measurement parameter. From the SEL MENU, select the parameter or parameters you want to delete. Confirm the deletion in the message area. RedoRedefines a measurement parameter. From the SEL MENU, select the parameter to redefine and the GET MEASURE menu appears. InfoDisplays measurement information for all the parameters. ShowShows the references for the selected measurement. From the SEL MENU, select the parameter. The current value is displayed in the message area.

o o

3. Depending on the action you want to take, click the appropriate command from the MEASURE PARAM menu and follow the prompts to complete the task. 4. Click Done.

Creating Welding Features

About Creating Welding Features

You define the following Welding features in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box: Edge Prep (Edge Preparation)Prepares edges for welding when parts and assemblies require certain strength. WeldJoins metal parts with pressure or an intermediate filler metal with a high melting point. NotchCreates a cut that enables your welds to cross assembly components without interruption. You can define one or more Welding features at a time. When defining multiple features, you can create edge preparations, welds, and notches in a sequential order. For Weld and Edge Prep features, you can create a single feature (Single), the same weld on both sides of the metal wall (Symmetrical) or for the weld feature only, separate welds on both sides of the metal wall (Unsymmetrical). Although each Welding feature requires a different set of attributes and parameters, there are some common themes between the three Welding features.

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Welding You define the welding environment to accurately create the weld in either the factory or field. For example, if you are defining a Weld only: Select a rod. A rod provides the welding material necessary to create a weld bead. You can use and reuse welding rods in any of your welding assemblies Select the geometry type for the weld. Both solid and light welding features maintain all the necessary definitions and parameters. You can convert between solid and light features for manufacturing and design purposes Clear or select the Create Family Table Instance check box. Welding features belong to the assembly, not to the part. This option controls how and where edge preparations, welds, and notches interact with the Family Table for your assembly. If you choose to create a family table instance, you can customize the instance name suffix and set the weld visibility to either the generic part or to instances of the part and its assemblies.

Creating Curves and Light Welds

When creating a weld, you can select a combination of curves and edges (one reference after another) when you use the One By One command. When you are in the Welding application you can insert datum curves and then use a combination of curves or curves and edges to create a Light weld. While you are creating a weld, you can insert datum curves, as you do in the Standard application. The Copy, Paste, Intersect, Project, Wrap, Offset, and Trim tools are also available in Welding, although they are not available while you are defining the weld.

About Welding Geometry Types

After deciding the type of Weld or Edge Prep welding feature to create, you must also decide how to create geometry in your design. You can select to create either Solid or Light geometry. SolidCreates and shows the solid geometry within the design. The Weld or Edge Prep feature contains all the necessary data for manufacture and is represented by solid geometry in the design. 1.Reference for solid edge preparation.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

LightReferences existing curves or edges but has no geometry of its own. The Weld or Edge Prep feature contains all the necessary data for manufacture, but is represented by the geometry it references (edge, surface). The lack of solid edge preparation geometry can significantly reduce the regeneration and graphic load times for your design. 2.Reference for light edge preparation. Because light welding features geometry maintain all the necessary edge preparation and weld parameters, you can quickly convert Light to Solid (and vice versa) for manufacturing and design purposes. If your are creating a number of welds and edge preparations in your model, consider creating (and keeping) all the welds and edge preparations as light geometry and then converting them to solid as needed for manufacturing. Note: The Welding configuration options weld_edge_prep_instance and weld_edge_prep_suffix provide the flexibility to customize instance naming conventions and specify on which models the edge preparation features are located. When using light edge preparations, be sure to note the information for the Welding mass properties calculation (Info > Welding > Mass). The mass for light edge preparation is not calculated automatically. Therefore, without user action, the light edge mass is not considered in Mass calculations.

Preparing Edges

About the Edge Prep Welding Feature

Edge preparation consists of removing material along edges of metal surfaces. You must prepare edges for welding when parts and assemblies require certain strength. To achieve full welding penetration, you must cut the edges of the metal. The weld replaces the removed material and makes a complete bridge between the joining parts. The following types of edge preparation are available: One side root opening Bevel-groove angle cut V-groove angle cut V-groove angle cut with root opening Bevel-groove angle cut with root opening

Both sides root opening

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Welding Edge preparation is only possible for certain weld types. For example, root opening preparation is available for Square-Groove, V-Groove, Bevel-Groove, U-Groove, JGroove, Flare-V-Groove, and Flare-Bevel-Groove welds. Angle cut preparation is available for V-Groove and Bevel-Groove welds.

Default Values for Edge Preparation

The WELD DEFINITION dialog box enables you to declare default values for depth, groove angle, and root opening for weld edge preparation. If a gap exists between two surfaces, the dimension of the gap is considered in the equation when you specify root and angle cut measurements.

Examples of Depth, Groove Angle, and Root Opening 1 Groove Angle 2 Depth 3 Root Opening

To Prepare Edges for Welding

You can combine the edge preparation procedure with the procedures for creating welds and adding notches. You can only prepare edges and create notches if you simultaneously create a weld. 1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Edge Preparation check box. Note: You can also create welds and notches simultaneously with the edge preparation: o To join metals by applying heat or a filler metal with a high melting point, or both, click the Weld check box. To create an opening (cut) that enables your welds to cross assembly components without interruption, click both the Weld and Notch check boxes.

3. Under Combination, define how to create the geometry: o SingleCreates a single edge preparation.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection SymmetricalEnables sequential creation of the same edge preparation on both sides of the part. UnsymmetricalEnables sequential creation of separate edge preparations on both sides of the part.

4. Click the Environment tab to define the edge preparation characteristics: o Click the Create Family Table Instance check box to control welds in Family Tables. Type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box to apply a suffix to the weld instances names. Click Generic or Instance to set the weld visibility for either the generic part or for family table instances, o Set the Edge Prep Driven by to control the edge preparation's dependency in your design, Click Part to make the edge preparation dependent on the individual part. Click Assembly to make the edge preparation dependent on the entire assembly. o To control the edge preparation geometry in your design, set the Edge Prep Geom Type: Click Solid to create the solid geometry within the design. Click Light to create the edge preparation without the solid geometry. 5. Define the type of edge preparation cut to create and how to offset the contact surfaces: o o o o o o One side root opening Bevel-groove angle cut Both sides root opening V-groove angle cut Bevel-groove angle cut with root opening V-groove angle cut with root opening

6. Depending on the type of edge preparation, specify the dimensions for offsetting contact surfaces. Type values for the root opening, preparation depth, penetration, and angle dimensions in the appropriate boxes. 7. Click OK. The EDGE PREPARATION dialog box opens.

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Welding 8. Select the appropriate surfaces and references for the edge preparation and then click Done Sel. 9. Click OK in the EDGE PREPARATION dialog box. The edge preparation is created and Edge Prep feature appears in the model tree. Solid Edge Preparation geometry types are represented in the model tree by Preparation geometry types by . and Light Edge

Note: If you do not see the feature in the model tree, click Settings > Tree Filters and click the Features check box.

To Edit Edge Preparation Dimensions

1. Select the Edge Preparation in the Model Tree or in the graphics window. 2. Right-click and select Edit. The Edge Prep Dims dialog box opens. Note: You can also select the Edge Preparation feature, right-click, and select Edit Definition. From the EDGE PREPARATION dialog box, select Dimensions. 3. Type new values for any or all of the following. Depending on the type of Edge Preparation, some options may not be available. o o o Root Opening Angle Depth

4. Click OK.

Creating Welds

About the Welding Feature

A weld joins metals by applying heat or a filler metal with a high melting point, or both. In Welding you create welds from parts opened in assembly mode. Welds are created in a top-level assembly as an assembly feature. Welds and feature geometry are represented as quilts with a high level of complexity. Consider the following about the weld feature: A weld feature does not change geometry of welded components. Before you proceed to welding, make sure components to be welded have appropriate profiles. Adding a weld does not merge referenced components. When you retrieve a component that was welded in an assembly, its geometry remains the same. Welds are parametrically defined features. They are associative with the referenced geometry and can be manipulated as other standard Pro/ENGINEER features.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection Weld faces are represented in the assembly as quilts. A quilt represents a patchwork of connected nonsolid surfaces and may consist of a single surface or a collection of surfaces.

The following weld types are available: Fillet Bevel-Groove or Butt U-Groove or Butt Flare-V-Groove or Butt Flare-BevelGroove or Butt Plug Slot

Square-Groove or Butt V-Groove or Butt Spot

J-Groove or Butt

Weld Identification
Each weld feature maintains a feature ID, a weld sequence ID, a welding rod, welding parameters, weld type, and geometric references. Weld Identification Format # :Type_of_weld, Rod: Rod_name Where: # The sequence ID of the weld. Type_of_weldThe type of weld (such as, "Fillet Weld"). Rod_nameThe name of a rod (such as, "Steel_001"). Example: 1:Fillet Weld, Rod: Rod1

About Welding References

There are two major steps in the creation of a Weld feature: 1. Define the weld. 2. Specify the weld location. You define a weld from the WELD DEFINITION dialog box by selecting the weld feature type (Fillet, Square-Groove, V-Groove etc.), the environment for the weld feature type (Solid, Light, Intermittent. etc, ) and by adding parameters. Next, you specify the weld location by referencing weld component geometry, using commands from the REF OPTIONS and CHAIN menus. Commands available on these menus during weld creation depend on the weld type you are creating.

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Welding

REF OPTIONS and CHAIN Menu Commands

Commands on the REF OPTIONS menu are as follow. For each command, you must select at least one reference from each component. Chain-ChainSelects a chain of edges or curves or a combination of the two on each component. A weld is created by referencing datum curves from the components to be welded. For each component, specify a datum curve or a chain of curves using options in the CHAIN menu. Chain-SurfSelects a chain of edges or curves or a combination of the two on one component, and a surface on the other component. A weld is created by referencing a chain of edges from one component and continuous surfaces from the other component. Surf-SurfSelects a surface on each component. A weld is created by referencing surfaces from two components. For each component, you must specify continuous surfaces.

Commands on the CHAIN menu are: One By OneCollects a combination of edges and curves, one entity at a time. Tangnt ChainCollects tangent edges. Curve ChainSelects and collects curves. To select a chain of curves by picking a curve from the chain. Bndry ChainCollects one-sided edges belonging to the same surface list. Surf ChainCollects surfaces. Intent ChainCollects edges to capture intent.

Fillet Welds

About Fillet Welds

A fillet weld is a right-triangular cross section joining two pieces of material at or nearly perpendicular to each other. In the Model Tree a Solid Fillet Weld is represented by Type of Weld Fillet (T joint) and a Light Fillet Weld by Example . Key Dimensions L1 - First leg distance L2 - Second leg distance RP - Root penetration

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Type of Weld Fillet (corner joint)

Example

Key Dimensions L1 - First leg distance L2 - Second leg distance RP - Root penetration

You can create continuous or intermittent fillet welds. When placing the weld, you can locate the ends of the fillet weld with respect to the geometry of welded components. Segments of an intermittent weld can be dimensioned between either the centers or between the ends. Intermittent welds can be linear or angular. Linear intermittent welds follow a linear curve. Angular intermittent welds are only supported for cylindrical surfaces that are perpendicular to the corresponding welded surface. Linear Intermittent Weld Angular Intermittent Weld

To Create a Solid Fillet Weld

Follow the steps below to create a continuous surface to surface fillet weld with solid geometry. In a continuous weld, the weld follows the entire edge or curve with no spacing. 1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Weld check box. Clear the Edge Prep and Notch check boxes. 3. Under Combination, select Single to create a single weld: 4. Click Environment to define the weld characteristics. o o o In the Rod list, select a rod (if available). In the Process list, select a process (if available). Select Solid to create the solid weld geometry within the design.

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Welding To control welds within Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box. When selected, Instance Name Suffix and Weld Visibility options appear: To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance 5. Under Weld Feature click o (Fillet) and specify the weld dimensions:

For an equal length fillet, click the Equal Length check box. The value of Leg 1 will equal the value of Leg 2. For a fillet with unequal lengths, clear the Equal Length check box and type the length dimensions for Leg 1 and Leg 2. Clear the Intermittent Weld check box.

6. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user-defined welding parameters. 7. Click OK. The FILLET WELD dialog box opens and the REF OPTIONS, FEATURE REFS, and Select menus appear. By default Surf-Surf (build the weld face between the surfaces of two parts) and Add are selected. You are prompted to select continuous surfaces from a set of components whose edges are being welded. 8. In the graphics window, select a surface and on the FEATURE REFS menu click Done Refs. You are prompted to select a continuous surface from another set of components. 9. In the graphics window select another surface and click Done Refs. The WLD PLACEMENT menu appears. By default, Entire Length (uses the entire length of matching entities for the weld to follow) and Continuous (follows the entire curve without spacing) are selected. Note: You can define a weld as continuous or intermittent from the WLD PLACEMENT menu or from the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. 10. Click Done to accept these defaults. Material Side is automatically selected in the FILLET WELD dialog box and the DIRECTION menu appears. In the graphics window, an arrow points to the direction in which the weld will be created. 11. To toggle the direction, click Flip. When the direction is set, click Okay. 12. In the FILLET WELD dialog box, click OK. The solid Fillet Weld appears in the graphics window and is listed in Model Tree. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box reopens. Note: If you do not see the feature in the Model Tree, click Settings > Tree Filters and click the Features check box.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection 13. In the WELD DEFINITION dialog box create another welding feature or click Cancel.

Example: Creating a Surface-Surface Fillet Across Multiple Components

You can create a single surface-surface fillet weld that extends across more than two components. The following figure shows an example of a simple surface-to-surface fillet weld that joins one plate with two others. You can pick more than one continuous surface for each side of the weld. The selected surfaces can lie on adjacent assembled components. Side 1 includes Plate 1, and Side 2 includes Plates 2 and 3.

1 Plate 1 2 Plate 2 3 Plate 3 4 Continuous weld

To Create Light Fillet Weld

1. Follow steps 1-10 in To Create a Solid Fillet Weld, except select Light to create lightweight geometry. 2. Click OK. The FILLET WELD and Select dialog boxes open, and the CHAIN menu appears. By default One By One (select individual curves or edges) and Select are selected. In the message area you are prompted to select continuous edges or curves for the symbol attachment. This attachment is used to calculate weld length. 3. In the graphics window or Model Tree, select an edge or a curve. 4. Click Done. 5. In the FILLET WELD dialog box, click OK. The light fillet weld appears in the graphics window and in the Model Tree. Light fillet welds are represented in the Model Tree by .

Note: If you do not see the feature in the model tree, click Settings > Tree Filters and click the Features check box. 6. In the WELD DEFINITION dialog box create another welding feature or click Cancel.

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Welding Note: You can toggle the display of lightweight welds from the Model Display dialog box (View > Display Settings > Model Display) by selecting or clearing the Weld check box.

To Create a Solid Intermittent Weld

1. Follow steps 1-10 in To Create a Solid Fillet Weld except click the Intermittent Weld check box. When you click the Intermittent Weld check box, the following options appear. Use these options to define the number of, and spacing scheme for, the intermittent weld segments: o o Seg LengthSpecifies intermittent segment length. Pitch DistSpecifies pitch distance for the intermittent weld. For angular welds, the pitch distance value is degrees. If you select Pitch Dist, Num of Welds is not available. Num of WeldsSpecifies number of welds along the edge or the curve. If you select Num of Welds, Pitch Dist is not available. Weld SpacingSpecifies how to measure the spacing between intermittent welds. Select AT_CENTER for center-to-center spacing or AT_END for end-to-end spacing.

2. Click OK. The FILLET WELD dialog box opens and the REF OPTIONS, FEATURE REFS, and Select menus appear. By default Surf-Surf (build the weld face between the surfaces of two parts) and Add are selected. You are prompted to select continuous surfaces from a set of components whose edges are being welded. 3. In the graphics window, select a surface and on the FEATURE REFS menu click Done Refs. You are prompted to select a continuous surface from another set of components. 4. In the graphics window select another surface and click Done Refs. The WLD PLACMENT menu appears. By default Linear, Entire Length (uses the entire length of matching entities for the weld to follow) and Intermittent are selected. 5. Click Done to accept these defaults. You are prompted to enter the length of the intermittent segments. The value displayed is the value you set for Seg Length in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. Note: You can define a weld as continuous or intermittent from the WLD PACEMENT menu or from the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. 6. Click to accept the value or type a new value and click . The WELD SPACING menu appears. By default, whatever you typed or selected for intermittent weld values in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box, are selected. 7. Click Done to accept these defaults, or make new selections and click Done. Depending on what you selected, you are prompted for new values or to accept the existing values.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

to accept the value or type a new value and click 8. Click menu appears.

. The DIRECTION

9. Click Flip to toggle the weld direction. When the direction is set, click Okay. 10. In the FILLET WELD dialog box, click OK. The intermittent fillet weld appears in the graphics window and in the Model Tree. Note: If you do not see the feature in the Model Tree, click Settings > Tree Filters and click the Features check box. 11. In the WELD DEFINITION dialog box create another welding feature or click Cancel

Creating Welds along the Segmented Trajectory

Pro/ENGINEER calculates the fillet weld trajectory for two adjacent surfaces by projecting the edge of each surface on the other. You can weld surfaces in which the weld trajectory is broken into two or more continuous segments. These cases can be broken down into two classes, as shown in the following examples: Segmented trajectory; one physical weld (Example A) Segmented trajectory; multiple physical welds (Example B) Example A Example B

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Fillet Weld of Two Plates Joined with Tap-and-Slot Construction This example shows two plates in a "tap and slot" construction, secured by a single fillet weld. There is continuous metal-to-metal contact between the two surfaces along the desired weld path. The system can create a single weld trajectory along the contact path.

Fillet Weld of Two Plates, one of which has a Cutout on the Weld Edge This example shows two plates that make contact along several discrete edges. Each contact segment corresponds to a separate physical weld. After the system examines selected references, it can determine that the surfaces are contacting along several discrete edges, and that the metal-tometal contact is not continuous. The selected surfaces can be joined by several discrete welds. The system can only create one weld at a time, therefore, you must first resolve the ambiguity between the discrete weld segments. Each segment of the trajectory appears in the menu as Tr1, Tr2, and so on. As you move the cursor over a particular menu item, the corresponding trajectory segment highlights on the model. Select one entry and choose Done Sel. After you define the placement, the FILLET WELD dialog box shows the new element Ambiguity. You can now choose OK to create the weld.

Example: Dimensioning Intermittent Welds

Dimensioning Linear Intermittent Welds
The following diagram shows two dimensioning schemes: between the ends of segments and between the centers of segments.

1 Pitch distance (P) 2 Length of the segment (L3)

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Dimensioning Angular Intermittent Welds

1 Pitch distance (P) 2 Length of the segment in degrees (L3)

Example: Using the Entire Length and Set Ends Options

The following figure shows a weld created using the Entire Length option.

The following figure shows a weld created using the Set Ends option.

To Create a Light Intermittent Weld

1. Follow steps 1-10 in To Create a Solid Fillet Weld, except select Light for Weld Geometry Type and click the Intermittent Weld check box. When you click the Intermittent Weld check box, the following options appear. Use these options to define the number of, and spacing scheme for, the intermittent weld segments: o o Seg LengthSpecifies intermittent segment length. Pitch Dist.Specifies pitch distance for the intermittent weld. For angular welds, the pitch distance value is degrees. If you select Pitch Dist, Num of Welds is not available. Num of WeldsSpecifies number of welds along the edge or the curve. If you select Num of Welds, Pitch Dist is not available. Weld SpacingSpecifies how to measure the spacing between intermittent welds. Select AT_CENTER for center-to-center spacing or AT_END for end-to-end spacing.

2. Click OK. The FILLET WELD dialog box opens and the CHAIN, and Select menus appear. By default One By One (select individual curves or edges) and Select are selected. You are prompted to select continuous edges or curves. 3. In the graphics window or Model Tree, select an edge or a curve.

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Welding 4. Click Done. The WLD PLACMENT menu appears. By default Linear, Entire Length (uses the entire length of matching entities for the weld to follow) and Intermittent are selected. 5. Click Done to accept these defaults. You are prompted to enter the length of the intermittent segments. The value displayed is the value you set for Seg Length in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. Note: You can define a weld as continuous or intermittent from the WLD PACEMENT menu or from the WELD DEFINITION dialog box. 6. Click to accept the value or type a new value and click . The WELD SPACING menu appears. By default, whatever you typed or selected for intermittent weld values in the WELD DEFINITION dialog box, are selected. 7. Click Done to accept these defaults, or make new selections and click Done. Depending on what you selected, you will be prompted for new values or to accept the existing values. 8. Click to accept the value or type a new value and click menu appears. . The DIRECTION

9. In the FILLET WELD dialog box, click OK. The light fillet weld appears in the graphics window as a segmented line and it is listed in the Model Tree. Note: If you do not see the feature in the Model Tree, click Settings > Tree Filters and click the Features check box. 10. In the WELD DEFINITION dialog box create another welding feature or click Cancel. Note: o You can also create light, intermittent, Groove welds. The workflow is the same as that for Fillet welds. You can toggle the display of lightweight welds from the Model Display dialog box (View > Display Settings > Model Display) by selecting or clearing the Weld check box.

Butt and Groove Welds

About Butt or Groove Welds

A butt weld is a joint (or weld) where the base material being connected comes together in the same plane, while a groove weld is made by depositing filler metal in a groove between the base materials to be joined. You can create various butt and groove weld types in your welding assemblies. Butt and groove welds are represented in the Model Tree by .

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Welding - Help Topic Collection You can use any of the following butt and groove welds, which are supported in both ANSI and ISO design standards: Groove Weld Types ANSI Groove Square Groove Double Square Single V-Groove Double V-Groove Single V-Butt Double V-Butt Single V-Butt with Broad Root Face Double V-Butt with Broad Root Face Single Bevel Groove Double Bevel Groove Single Bevel Butt Double Bevel Butt Single Bevel Butt with Broad Root Face Double Bevel Butt with Broad Root Face U-Groove Double U-Groove J-Groove Double J-Groove Flare V-Groove Double Flare V-Groove Flare Bevel Groove Double Flare Bevel Groove Single U-Butt Double U-Butt Single J-Butt Double J-Butt ISO Butt Square Butt

To Create a Butt or Groove Weld

1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Weld check box.

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Welding Note: You can also create edge preparations and notches simultaneously with the weld: o To cut the edge of the metal to enable full welding penetration, click the Edge Prep check box. To create an opening (cut) that enables your welds to cross assembly components without interruption, click the Notch check box.

3. Under Combination, click one of the following to define how to create the weld geometry: o o o SingleCreates a single weld. SymmetricalCreates the same weld on both sides of the metal wall. UnsymmetricalCreates separate welds on both sides of the metal wall.

4. Click Environment to define the weld characteristics. o o To assign a rod to the weld, select a rod from the Rod list. To designate a specific welding process for the weld, select a process from the Process list. Select Solid to create the solid weld geometry within the design. To control welds within Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box. The Instance Name Suffix and Weld Visibility options appear: To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box. To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance. 5. Under Weld Feature click the type of butt or groove weld to create: Square butt or square groove V-butt or v-groove Bevel butt or bevel groove U-butt or u-groove 6. Specify the appropriate weld dimensions for the Preparation Angle, Preparation Depth, Penetration, and Root Opening. Note: For a Square-Groove, only Penetration and Root Opening are available. J-butt or j-groove

o o

Flare v-butt or flare v-groove Flare bevel-butt or flare bevel-groove

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Welding - Help Topic Collection 7. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user-defined welding parameters. 8. Click OK. The GROOVE WELD or BUTT WELD dialog box opens and the REF OPTIONS, CHAIN, and Select menus appear. 9. By default, Chain-Chain (build the weld face between the edges or curves of two parts ), One By One (select individual curves or edges) and Select are selected. You are prompted to select a continuous chain from a set of components that are being welded. 10. On one side of the weld, select an edge that you want to weld to the second side. Click Done. 11. On the second side of the weld, select an edge that you want to weld to the first side. Click Done. The DIRECTION menu appears. In the graphics window, an arrow points to the direction in which the weld will be created (the material side). 12. To toggle the direction, click Flip. When the direction is set, click Okay. 13. In the Groove WELD or BUTT WELD dialog box, click OK. The groove weld appears in the graphics window and in the Model Tree and the WELD DEFINITION dialog box reopens. 14. Create additional Welding features, or close the dialog box to exit this procedure.

Plug Welds

About Plug Welds

A plug weld joins the surface of a piece of material to another through a hole. The hole may be partially or completely filled with the weld metal. In the Model Tree a plug weld is represented by . The following table shows the key dimensions of a plug weld. Type of Weld Plug Example Key Dimension P - Penetration/height D - Depth of a hole PD - Plug diameter MT - Material thickness

To Create a Plug Weld

1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Weld check box. 3. Clear the Edge Prep and Notch check boxes. 46

Welding Note: You cannot create a Plug weld when Edge Prep or Notch is selected. 4. Under Combination, click Single. Note: You cannot create a Plug weld when Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical is selected. 5. Click Environment to define the weld characteristics: o o To assign a rod to the weld, select a rod from the Rod list. To designate a specific welding process for the weld, select a process from the Process list. Set the Weld Geometry Type: To create the solid weld geometry within the design, click Solid. To create the weld without the solid geometry, click Light. o To control the welding features in Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box: To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance. 6. Under Weld Feature, click and then type the appropriate weld dimensions in the Plug Size and Depth boxes. 7. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user-defined welding parameters. 8. Click OK. The PLUG WELD and Select dialog boxes open and one of the following appears: o o If you selected Solid, the FEATURE REFS menu appears. Go to step 9. If you selected Light, the CHAIN menu appears. Go to step 10.

9. If you are creating a solid plug weld: a. Select side surfaces that will form a loop, and click Done Refs. b. From the PLUG WELD dialog box, click OK. The Confirm window opens. c. Either click Yes to establish the relation X_SECTION_AREA = CALC_X_SECTION_AREA. or click No. If you do not want to be prompted again, clear the Ask Next Time check box. The SETUP PLANE menu appears. d. Select a base plane for the Plug weld. The depth of the weld is measured from the base plane. After you select the plane the DIRECTION menu appears. e. Specify the material side of the weld for the weld face. Click Okay to accept the direction or click Flip, to change the direction.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection 10. If you are creating a light Plug weld, specify the weld trajectory. Click Done. 11. From the PLUG WELD dialog box, click OK. The plug weld is created and the WELD DEFINITION dialog box reopens. You can create additional welds or click Cancel to exit.

Example: Plug or Slot Weld

When defining a slot or plug weld, you need to set the base plane from which you must measure the depth of the weld so you can locate the face of the weld. In the next figure, an arrow indicates the direction in which the depth of the weld is measured relative to the base plane.

The next figure shows a cross section of the weld.

1. Face of weld 2. Depth of the weld measured from the base plane 3. Base plane 4. Side surfaces of the plug

Slot Welds

About Slot Welds

A slot weld joins the surface of a piece of material to another through an elongated hole. The hole may be open at one end and may be partially or completely filled with weld metal. In the Model Tree a plug weld is represented by The following table shows the key dimensions of a slot weld. .

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Type of Weld Slot

Example

Key Dimensions P - penetration/height D - depth of a slot MT - material thickness SL - slot length R - slot radius

To Create a Slot Weld

1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Weld check box. 3. Clear the Edge Prep and Notch check boxes Note: You cannot create a Slot weld when Edge Prep or Notch are selected. 4. Under Combination, click Single. Note: You cannot create a Slot weld when Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical are selected. 5. Click Environment to define the weld characteristics o o To assign a rod to the weld, select a rod from the Rod list. To designate a specific welding process for the weld, select a process from the Process list. Set the Weld Geometry Type: To create the solid weld geometry within the design, click Solid. To create the weld without the solid geometry, click Light. o To control the welding features in Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box: To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box. To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance. 6. Under Weld Feature, click and then type the weld Depth.

7. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user-defined welding parameters. 8. Click OK. The PLUG WELD and Select dialog boxes open and one of the following appears: o If you selected Solid, the FEATURE REFS menu appears. Go to step 9. 49

Welding - Help Topic Collection If you selected Light, the CHAIN menu appears. Go to step 10.

9. If you are creating a solid Slot weld: a. Select side surfaces that will form a loop, and click Done Refs. b. From the SLOT WELD dialog box, click OK. The Confirm window opens. c. Either click Yes to establish the relation X_SECTION_AREA = CALC_X_SECTION_AREA. or click No. If you do not want to be prompted again, clear the Ask Next Time check box. The SETUP PLANE menu appears. d. Select a base plane for the Slot weld. The depth of the weld is measured from the base plane. After you select the plane the DIRECTION menu appears. e. Specify the material side of the weld for the weld face. Click Okay to accept the direction or click Flip, to change the direction 10. If you are creating a light Slot weld, specify the weld trajectory. Click Done. 11. From the SLOT WELD dialog box, click OK. The Slot weld is created and the WELD DEFINITION dialog box reopens. You can create additional welds or click Cancel to exit.

Spot Welds

About Spot Welds

A spot weld is a joint (or weld) between two overlapping pieces of material. Typically, spot welds are used for sheet metal. To create spot welds, you reference datum points. You can select existing datum points or create datum points in the process of routing the weld. There are two methods of creating a spot weld: Define multiple locations for spot welds and create multiple welds in one operation. Create a single spot weld and pattern it using the Pattern command.

The following table shows the key dimensions of the spot weld: Weld Type Spot Example Key Dimension P - Penetration/height XA - Cross-section area d1, d2 Dimensions locating the center of the spot weld R - Radius of the spot weld is calculated as follows: R = XA/

Spot welds display as circular surfaces. The diameter of the circle is calculated by the system based on the value of the X_SECTION_AREA parameter entered by you when 50

Welding defining weld parameters. To modify the size of the spot weld, you need to change the X_SECTION_AREA parameter. You can set up a relation controlling the area of the weld.

To Create a Spot Weld

1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Weld check box. 3. Clear the Edge Prep and Notch check boxes, Note: You cannot create a Spot weld when Edge Prep or Notch are selected 4. Under Combination, click Single. Note: You cannot create a Spot weld when Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical are selected. 5. Click Environment to define the weld characteristics o o To assign a rod to the weld, select a rod from the Rod list. To designate a specific welding process for the weld, select a process from the Process list. Set the Weld Geometry Type: To create the solid weld geometry within the design, click Solid. To create the weld without the solid geometry, click Light. o To control the welding features in Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box: To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box. To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance. 6. Under Weld Feature, click and then type the appropriate weld dimensions in the Spot Pitch, X-Section Area, and Penetration boxes. 7. Click Optional and User Defined Parameters to add or delete user defined welding parameters. 8. Click OK. The SPOT WELDS dialog box opens and the SPOT REFS and WLD SEL POINT menus appear. 9. Locate the weld by referencing datum points. Create or select datum points using options in the WLD SEL POINT menu. Click Create to create datum points, or Select to select existing datum points. Click Done/Return to confirm the selection(s). 10. To add more points, click Add in the SPOT REFS menu. 51

Welding - Help Topic Collection 11. After specifying all the necessary reference points, click Done from the SPOT REFS menu. 12. Click OK from the SPOT WELDS dialog box. The spot weld is created. Note: After creating a single spot weld, you can pattern it using the Pattern command.

Adding Weld Notches

About Adding Weld Notches

A weld notch is an opening (cut) that enables your welds to cross assembly components without interruption. Both the standard and user defined notch shapes enable you to automate and standardize the weld notches in your design, ensuring design consistency and saving you time. You can create single weld notches or you can combine weld notches with edge preparation and weld features. You can only combine weld notches and edge preparations if you simultaneously create a weld feature. You can create a weld notch by manually specifying its individual references (dimensions, location, orientation, and intersecting parts) or you can automatically adopt the weld notch references by referencing the weld notch to a solid or lightweight weld. Weld notches are oriented using coordinate systems. The x-and y-planes are used to place the weld notch and the z-axis defines the direction to remove material. This automatic orientation is accurate. There will be cases where this type of orientation does not meet your design need. If you need a custom notch orientation, define an alternative coordinate system and modify the weld notch's orient section. Multiple intersections of one assembly component part by a single weld notch are not allowed. To create multiple intersections on the part create several weld notch features. The first weld notch feature can be created automatically and then you should create the additional notch features with coordinate systems that define their placement and orientation on the component part.

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Multiple Weld Notch Intersections

1 The first weld notch feature 2 Additional weld notch feature

To Add a Standard Weld Notch

You can combine the following weld notch procedure with the procedures for creating weld and edge preparation features. However, you can only combine notches with edge preparations if you simultaneously create a weld. 1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Notch check box. o To join metals by applying heat or a filler metal with a high melting point, click the Weld check box. To cut the edge of the metal to enable full welding penetration, click both Weld and Edge Preparation check boxes.

3. If you click Weld, under Combination, define how to create the geometry for any accompanying welds or edge preparations: o o SingleCreates a single weld notch. SymmetricalEnables sequential creation of the same weld notch on both sides of the part. UnsymmetricalEnables sequential creation of separate weld notches on both sides of the part.

Note: You must select to create a Weld with the Notch for Single, Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical to be available.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection 4. Click Environment to define the weld notch characteristics: To create a notch on the instance with the defined name in Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box: o To apply a suffix to the weld instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box. To set the visibility of the weld for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance.

Note: Generic creates a notch in the generic, and Instance keeps the original, part geometry. 5. Under Notch Feature click the type of standard weld notch to create: o o o o o o Round corner Triangular corner Rectangular corner Rat hole Rectangular User Defined

6. Click OK. The WLD NOTCH TRAJ menu appears. 7. Using the WLD NOTCH TRAJ menu, define the weld notch trajectory by selecting a reference weld or notch path. When the trajectory is set the Intersected Comps dialog box opens. 8. Select the components the weld notch will intersect, using the options or buttons listed below: o Auto Update IntrsctsAutomatically updates any changes to the weld notch intersections. Manually selects components from the Model Tree or the graphics window. AutoAddSelects all the intersecting components with bounding boxes. RemoveRemoves an intersecting component after you highlight it in the components table. Selects all the intersecting components in the components table.

o o

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o o

Unselects all the intersecting components in the components table. LevelChanges the visibility level of the intersecting components.

9. When the intersecting components are set click OK. You return to the ASSEMBLY WELD NOTCH dialog box. Click OK. The weld notch is created.

To Add a User-Defined Weld Notch

You can combine the following weld notch procedure with the procedures for creating weld and edge preparation features. However, you can only combine notches with edge preparations if you simultaneously create a weld. 1. Click or Insert > Weld. The WELD DEFINITION dialog box opens.

2. Under Feature, click the Notch check box. Note: You can also create welds and edge preparations simultaneously with the weld: o To joins metals by applying heat or a filler metal with a high melting point, click the Weld check box. To cut the edge of the metal to enable full welding penetration, click both Weld and Edge Preparation check boxes.

3. If you click Weld, under Combination, define how to create the geometry for any accompanying welds or edge preparations: o o SingleCreate a single weld notch. SymmetricalEnable sequential creation of the same weld notch on both sides of the part. UnsymmetricalEnable sequential creation of separate weld notches on both sides of the part.

Note: You must create a weld with the notch for Single, Symmetrical or Unsymmetrical to be available. 4. Click Environment to define the weld notch characteristics: o To control the weld notch behavior in Family Tables, click the Create Family Table Instance check box: To apply a suffix to the weld notch instance names, type a suffix in the Instance Name Suffix box. To set the visibility of the weld notch for either the generic part or for family table instances, click either Generic or Instance. o To establish the weld notch's dependency define the Edge Prep Driven by: To make the weld notch dependent on the individual part, click Part.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection To make the weld notch dependent on the entire assembly, click Assembly. 5. Under Notch Feature click and then click OK. The ASSEMBLY WELD NOTCH dialog box and a separate sketcher window open. 6. Sketch your custom notch shape. Be sure to include a coordinate system. The X and Y planes define the section placement while the weld notch will be cut in the direction of the Z axis. When the sketch is complete, click toolbar. on the sketcher

7. Using the WLD NOTCH TRAJ menu, define the weld notch trajectory by selecting a reference weld or notch path. When the trajectory is set the Intersected Comps dialog box opens. 8. Select the components the weld notch will intersect: 9. Select the components the weld notch will intersect, using the options or buttons listed below: o Auto Update IntrsctsAutomatically updates any changes to the weld notch intersections. Manually selects components from the Model Tree or the graphics window . AutoAddSelects all the intersecting components with bounding boxes. RemoveRemoves an intersecting component after you highlight it in the components table. Selects all the intersecting components in the components table. Unselects all the intersecting components in the components table click. o LevelChanges the visibility level of the intersecting components.

o o

o o

10. When the intersecting components are set click OK. You return to the ASSEMBLY WELD NOTCH dialog box. Click OK. The weld notch is created.

Changing Welding Features

About Working with Welding Features

Use Welding functionality described below to help enhance your overall design and welding process. Duplicate weldsTo quickly duplicate a single weld, you can use the Pattern tool, to pattern welds in your design. Spot welds are the most appropriate welds

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Welding for Dimension, Direction, Axis, and Fill patterning, however, you can create Reference patterns for all weld types. Note: You can pattern Welds, but you cannot pattern Edge Preparations or Weld Notches. Edit the dimensions and definition of welding featuresTo better meet your design intent, you can edit the definition of welding features or edit the dimensions of welding features. You can also change the number of welds in a pattern. Create design variationsTo vary your welding design, you can suppress, resume, and reorder welding features. Suppressing some welding features can also reduce the regeneration and graphic load times for your design. If you rearrange the sequence of regular Pro/ENGINEER features you might need to reorder the corresponding welding features. Reinforce weldsTo reinforce your welds or to create both-sides welds within your design, you can combine weld features. You can separate welds using the Uncombine command. Quickly change geometry typesTo change light geometry to solid geometry (and vice versa) for manufacturing or design purposes, you can convert the geometry types in your welding design.

To Pattern Welds
Spot welds are the only welds you can Dimension pattern, however, you can create Reference patterns for all weld types. 1. In the Model Tree or the graphics window, select a weld. 2. Right-click and select Pattern. The Pattern tool opens. Note: You can also select the weld and click Edit > Pattern. 3. Define a pattern for the weld. 4. When you finish defining the pattern, click . The Pattern feature is listed in the model tree. The first weld in the pattern is the original weld.

To Change the Number of Welds in a Pattern

1. Select the Pattern feature in the Model Tree or in the graphics window. 2. Right-click and select Edit. The number of welds in the selected pattern appears in the graphics window. 3. Double-click the value box, type a new number, and press ENTER. 4. Click to regenerate the model. The number of welds in the pattern changes in the Model Tree and in the graphics window.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

To Delete a Weld Pattern or a Weld in a Pattern

You can delete a pattern of welds without deleting the original weld or delete the entire Pattern feature including the original weld. 1. Select the Pattern ( ) feature in the Model Tree and go to step 2 or 3, depending on what you want to delete. 2. To delete the Pattern feature but keep the original Weld feature, right-click and select Delete Pattern. The assembly regenerates and the original weld remains, but the pattern welds are deleted. 3. To delete the Pattern feature and all associated welds, including the original weld: a. Right-click and select Delete or click Edit > Delete. The original weld and all patterned welds for the selected pattern are highlighted. You are prompted to confirm the deletion. Note: You can select the Pattern ( ) feature itself or any of the welds in the pattern, including the original weld. b. Click Yes to confirm deletion. The Pattern feature and the original Weld feature are deleted.

To Edit a Welding Feature Definition

1. Select the Weld, Notch, or Edge Prep welding feature you want to redefine. 2. Right-click and select Edit Definition. Depending on the weld feature selected, the <weldtype> WELD, EDGE PREPARATION, or NOTCH dialog box opens. 3. Select the Element you want to define or redefine. Depending on the Element selected, you are prompted for additional information from the menus or dialog boxes. 4. Provide the required information. 5. Click OK to close the dialog box. The weld is redefined.

About Converting Welding Geometry Types

Because both solid and light edge preparations and welds maintain all the necessary definitions and parameters, you can convert between solid and light welding features for manufacturing and design purposes using one of the methods below: From the Weld Conversion dialog box, select and convert multiple Weld and Edge Prep features, along with any dependent features (children) to the opposite geometry type. Select an Edge Prep or Weld feature from the Model Tree and use the shortcut menu command Convert. From the EDGE PREPARATION or <Weld Type> WELD dialog box, select the Element, Geom Type and change the geometry type of the selected feature.

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Welding You can convert solid and light edge preparation geometry types from within parts and assemblies. When you are working in an assembly with the Standard application (Application > Standard) and are converting similar weld and edge preparation features (light weld, light edge preparation), you must convert both features simultaneously (solid weld, solid edge preparation). When you are working with a part in the Standard application, you can convert separate types (solid weld, light edge preparation). However, when you enter the Welding application after making the conversion in the Standard application, you receive a warning message suggesting that you manually convert to resolve the discrepancy.

Guidelines for Converting Solid and Light Edge Preparations

When converting solid and light edge preparations the guidelines in the following table are helpful: Use Case Solid Edge Preparation without Children Guideline Convert the edge preparation to light. Explanation Use when converting to the light edge preparation. If you convert back to the solid geometry, all solid references are maintained. If you reference a solid weld to a solid edge preparation, and subsequently convert the solid edge preparation to a light edge preparation, you should also convert the solid weld to a light weld. The light weld can stay the same, as it inherits the references of the new light edge preparation. When converting to solid geometry, the stored parameters for the solid automatically create the geometry in your design. If you convert to the light geometry, all solid references are maintained. With a solid edge preparation, the light weld should be converted/change its references to the solid geometry.

Solid Edge Preparation with a Solid Weld

Convert the edge preparation to light and either freeze the weld or also convert it to light.

Solid Edge Preparation with a Lightweight Weld Lightweight Edge Preparation without Children

Convert the edge preparation to light and keep the light weld. Convert the edge preparation to solid.

Lightweight Edge Preparation with a Lightweight Weld

Convert the edge preparation to solid, and either freeze the weld or also convert it to solid.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Use Case Lightweight Edge Preparation with a Solid Weld

Guideline Convert the edge preparation to solid and keep the solid weld.

Explanation When light edge preparation is converted to solid edge preparation, the appropriate (alternate) references are provided, and any children of the feature are frozen.

To Convert Solid and Light Welding Features

You can convert welds and edge preparations from Solid to Light (and vice versa) either by selecting the feature in the Model Tree and right-clicking or by using the following procedure. Welds can only be converted in an assembly. Edge Preparations can be converted in a Part or an Assembly. 1. Click Edit > Weld > Convert. The Weld Conversion dialog box opens. 2. Under Convert To, select the type of geometry conversion you want to make: o o SolidCreates weld or edge preparation solid geometry within the design. LightCreates the edge preparation or weld without the solid geometry

Note: o If there are any solid weld features in your assembly, Convert To defaults to Light. If there are only solid weld features in your assembly, Convert To defaults to Solid. You can convert multiple Welding features, if they are the same welding feature type and geometry type.

3. Under Filter, Weld Features is selected. All welding features available for the conversion type selected, including Edge Preparation features, are in the Feature list. 4. To list only Edge Preparation features double-click the Edge Preps check box. Selecting and clearing the Edge Preps check box toggles the display to include or not include Edge Preparation features. 5. If applicable, click the Convert Dependent Objects check box to simultaneously convert the dependent features (children), of the weld or edge preparation features, when you convert the features in your design. The Children list only contains welding-related dependent features (children). 6. Select the weld or edge preparation features to convert from either the Feature list or click one of the following: o o Selects features from the graphics window. Selects all the features in the list.

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Welding

Undoes the selection of all the features.

7. After selecting the features to convert, click Convert. The features are converted. Note: o If you receive a warning message indicating that a feature cannot automatically convert, click Manual Convert and redefine the feature for the new type of geometry. You may also receive this message if you use the Convert command in the shortcut menu. Sym Attachment is a required element for a Light weld. When you convert from a solid fillet weld, for example, you must define this element before continuing with the conversion.

About Compound Welds

A compound weld associates one or more welds to be filled in the same welding operation sequence. For compound welds, you can select the following options alternatively or in combination: ReinforcedCombines two welds to create a reinforced weld. Both SidesCombines two welds on both sides of the joint into one weld.

Note: All reinforced welds can also be both-sided, but not all both-sided welds are reinforced. Type of Compound Weld Reinforced Example Description

A V groove and fillet are combined in a single welding sequence.

Both sides

Two fillets are combined in a single welding sequence.

You can combine up to four individual welds into a compound weld. The following figure shows possible combinations of compound welds.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

You can automatically show welding symbols for certain types of compound welds. Supported symbols for Reinforced and Both Sides welds are listed below: Reinforced(a Fillet weld is always a reinforced weld)Square-Groove, BevelGroove, Flared-Bevel-Groove, and J-Groove. Both SidesFillet, Square-Groove, V-Groove, Bevel-Groove, U-Groove, JGroove, Flared-V-Groove, and Flared-Bevel-Groove.

To Combine and Uncombine Welds

To Combine Welds
1. Click Edit > Weld > Combine. The COMBINE OPTS menu appears. 2. Specify how you want to combine welds and then click Done: o o ReinforcedCombines two welds to create a reinforced weld. Both SidesCombines two welds on both sides of the joint into one weld.

The Search Tool dialog box opens. By default, the Look for and Look by values are set to Feature. Look in is set to the current model, and Type is set to the Category Welding. 3. Click Find Now. Uncombined welds in the current assembly are listed in the items found list. 4. In the items found list, select the first weld to combine with another weld and click . The weld name moves to the items selected list.

5. Click Close. The Search Tool dialog box opens again. 6. Select the second weld to combine with another weld and click name moves to the items selected list. . The weld

7. Click Close. The dialog box closes and message confirming the two welds are combined appears in the message area.

To Uncombine Welds
Uncombining causes all associated welds in the combined weld to become independent, and each weld restores its own sequence ID.

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Welding 1. Click Edit > Weld > Uncombine. The Search Tool dialog box opens. By default, the Look for and Look by values are set to Feature. Look in is set to the current model, and Type is set to the Category Welding. 2. Click Find Now. Combined welds in the current assembly are listed in the items found list. 3. Select a weld in the items found list to uncombine and click moves to the items selected list . The weld

4. Click Close. The Search Tool dialog box closes and a message appears confirming that the weld is uncombined. Note: When you uncombine a weld you select only one weld from the items found list to move to the items selected list. When you click Close, the weld combined with the selected weld is also removed.

Obtaining Welding Information

About Welding Information

Welding information provides general data about your welding design features, including the assembly name, weld type, rods, mass properties, and any welding processes assigned. You can obtain the following information: Overall attributes of welds Length of welds and welding rods Mass of welds and welding rods Parameters controlling welds Bills of material for welds

It is important to keep your weld information in mind, especially with respect to light edge preparations and your mass properties calculation. While the light edge preparations do not display solid geometry in your design, they can have a significant effect on the design's mass properties measurement. The length and mass of rods is measured using the following criteria: Total rod length is the sum of the lengths of the specified rods. Length is computed by summing the lengths of the particular rods used by all the welds in the assembly. Total rod mass is the sum of the mass of the specified rods. Mass is computed by summing the mass of the particular rods used by all the welds in the assembly.

The information produced for general weld information, weld and rod length, weld and rod mass, and bills of material is written to .dat files in your working directory.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection

Information Type General weld information Length of welds Length of rods Mass of welds Mass of rods Bill of Materials

File Name weldinfo.dat weldlengthinfo.dat.# rodlengthinfo.dat.# weldmassinfo.dat.# rodmassinfo.dat.# weldbominfo.dat.#

To Obtain Welding Information

You can access information about welding features from the Model Tree, Info menu, or from various dialog boxes within the Welding application. Either the Pro/ENGINEER browser or the INFORMATION WINDOW opens with the appropriate information. When the INFORMATION WINDOW opens the text is also stored in a .dat file and the filename appears at the top of the window. The .dat file is automatically saved to your working directory or you can click File > Save to save it to another name or directory.

To Obtain Welding Feature Information from the Model Tree

1. Select the welding feature. 2. Right-click and select Info > Feature. The Pro/ENGINEER browser opens and the feature information appears.

To Obtain Welding Information from the Info Menu

1. Click Info > Welding and then click Weld, Parameters, Length, Mass, or BOM. Go to the step that matches your selection. 2. If you select Weld or Parameters, the Search Tool dialog box opens and the Select menu appears. a. Search for and select a weld from the Search Tool dialog box or click Close to close the Search Tool dialog box and select the weld on the Model Tree, or from the graphics window. b. On the Select menu, click OK. An INFORMATION WINDOW containing weld information or the current parameters setup, opens. 3. If you select Length or Mass, the Search Tool dialog box opens and the Select and WLD INF TYP menus appear. a. On the WLD INF TYP menu, select either Sel Weld or Sel Rod. If you select Sel Weld, the Search Tool dialog box opens. If you select Sel Rod, the ROD NAMES menu appears.

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Welding b. For Sel Weld, search and select the weld for which you want length or mass information or click Close to close the Search Tool dialog box and select the weld on the Model Tree, or from the graphics window. On the Select menu, click OK. The INFORMATION WINDOW containing the current weld length or mass information opens. c. For Sel Rod, click the <rod name> check box for which you want information and click Done Sel. The INFORMATION WINDOW opens and contains the length or mass information for the selected rod. Note: Total rod mass is the sum of the mass of the specified rods. Mass is computed by summing the mass of the particular rod used by all the welds in the assembly. Total rod length is the sum of the lengths of the specified rods. Length is computed by summing the lengths of the particular rod used by all the welds in the assembly. 4. If you select BOM, the INFORMATION WINDOW containing BOM (bill of material) information for the welds in the model opens. Note: You can also get information about welding rods, processes, and parameters from the Info menus in the WELDING RODS, WELDING PROCESSES and WELD PARAMETERS dialog boxes. Click Tools > Welding.

Finite Element Analysis of Welded Assemblies (FEA)

You can perform a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an assembly with weld joints using the same techniques as with other assemblies. A variety of FEA elements can be used to model weld elements, as for example, bar elements, shell elements, and contacts.

Detailing Welding Assemblies

About Welding Symbols in Drawings

The standard Pro/ENGINEER welding symbol libraries provide general ANSI and ISO welding symbols. The library symbols are the default symbols. You can easily customize and create new welding symbols to accommodate any symbol preferences. When Pro/ENGINEER places welding symbols in your drawing it only recognizes welding symbol names stored in the standard Pro/ENGINEER welding symbols libraries. If you create a new welding symbol, you must use it to replace an existing symbol in the welding symbols library. As a general rule, it is advisable to redefine an existing weld symbol. As you customize your welding symbol you can do any or all of the following: Add as many copies of variable texts as you want. Change the default values of variable texts.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection Add and delete as many notes and entities as you want and place new ones in any group (or in no group at all). Redefine the cosmetics of existing notes and entities. Move the origin position for Left Leader and Right Leader or add other leader types. Add parameters to the symbol definition.

You can label your welding features with either ANSI or ISO weld symbol standards. The weld_symbol_standard configuration option in the Detail module enables you to set the symbol support for your drawings. The following weld symbols are supported in ISO: Non-groovedFillet, plug, slot, and spot GroovedSquare, bevel, v, u, and j Note: For bevel and v-symbols, if root_open is more than zero, the "steep" version of the symbol is used. If prep_depth is less than material thickness, the broad version is used.

To Display Welding Symbols for Existing Welds in a Drawing

With your welding drawing open: 1. Click View > Show and Erase. The Show/Erase dialog box opens. 2. Under TYPE click .

3. Under Show By specify where to display the symbols: o o o o FeatureShows a symbol for a selected weld feature. Feature and ViewShows a symbol for a selected weld in a selected view. PartShows all symbols in a selected component. Part and ViewShows all symbols in a selected view of a selected component. ViewShows all symbols in a selected view. Show AllShows all the symbols in the drawing. Each welding symbol is displayed only once.

o o

4. Use the Options and Preview tabs to define when and what symbols will display. After you have set the criteria for your welding symbol display, the symbols appear in your drawing.

To Redefine a Welding Symbol

Note: Before you start, you must first specify the users symbol root directory, because Pro/ENGINEER will only let you save the redefined welding symbols in or

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Welding below it. Later, you can copy the redefined symbols over the old ones in the system symbols libraries. With your welding drawing open: 1. To place an existing symbol palette in your drawing click Insert > Drawing Symbol > Symbol Instance Palette. The Symbol Palette dialog box opens. a. Select a symbol from the dialog box. b. Place the symbol in your drawing. c. Repeat as necessary and click Close. 2. To create or redefine an existing weld symbol, click Insert > Drawing Symbol > Custom. The Custom Drawing Symbol dialog box opens. a. Define or redefine the symbol. b. Repeat as necessary and click OK.

Restrictions for Redefining a Welding Symbol

When you are redefining weld symbols, the following restrictions apply: All of the groups that existed in the original definition must remain in the new definition. You cannot add new groups or change the names of existing ones. If you add new variable text or change the name of an existing piece of variable text, the new name must be the same as that of an existing variable text in the original. The height type of the symbol instance must be the same in the new symbol as it was in the original. The Left Leader and Right Leader placement types must both exist in the new weld symbol.

To Replace a Symbol in a System Welding Symbol Library

The system weld-symbol libraries are located in the installation directory path <install_dir>/symbols/library_syms/weldsymlib. To replace a standard symbol with one that you have redefined, ask your system administrator to do the following: 1. Move the original (system-supplied) symbol from the system weld library to another directory or rename it. 2. Copy the new user-redefined symbol into the system weld library.

To Store a Redefined Welding Symbol

You do not have to store a symbol on disk to use it in your current drawing. However, you must store the symbol on disk for the symbol to be available for other drawings or other users. With your welding drawing open: 1. Click Format > Symbol Gallery. The SYM GALLERY menu appears.

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Welding - Help Topic Collection 2. Click Write. The GET SYMBOL menu appears. 3. Click Name. The SYMBOL NAMES menu appears. 4. Click the name of a symbol previously retrieved or VIEW_TEMPLATE_SYMBOL. You are prompted for a directory. 5. Type the name of the destination directory (offset from the symbol root directory) and click . The weld symbol is stored.

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Index
A ANSI design standard ................... 43, 65 ANSI ...........................................43 ANSI ...........................................65 B butts and grooves creating ....................................44 overview ...................................43 butts and grooves .........................43 C compound combining .................................62 uncombining..............................62 compound....................................61 converting environment parameters .............15 geometry types..........................60 converting ...................................58 cross-section parameters control using relations.................23 cross-section parameters ...............23 E edge preps creating ....................................31 editing ......................................33 editing the definition...................58 overview ...................................30 edge preps...................................30 environment welding parameters 69 converting from .........................15 environment welding parameters ....15 F features edge prep .................................30 notch........................................52 weld .........................................33 features.......................................28 fillet welds creating ................... 36, 38, 39, 42 overview ...................................35 fillet welds ...................................35 finite element analysis assembly with weld joints ............65 finite element analysis ...................65 G geometry types converting.................................58 light .........................................29 overview ...................................29 solid .........................................29 geometry types ............................29 grooves and butts, see butts and grooves ....................................43 H hiding blanking..................................4, 5 hiding........................................... 4 hiding........................................... 5

Welding - Help Topic Collection I information obtaining ..................................64 overview ...................................63 information ..................................63 ISO design standard ................... 43, 65 ISO.............................................43 ISO.............................................65 L layers light welds ................................. 3 using ......................................... 3 layers........................................... 3 light geometry type ..................... 29, 58 light ............................................29 light ............................................58 M measurement parameter creating ....................................26 editing ......................................27 measurement parameter................26 N notches adding a standard ......................53 adding a user-defined .................55 editing definitions.......................58 overview ...................................52 notches .......................................52 P parameters cross-section .............................23 defining ....................................22 editing ......................................25 environment welding ..................15 general .....................................18 measurement ............................17 overview ...................................17 report ................................. 21, 22 reusing .....................................25 rod...........................................20 parameters ..................................17 patterns changing ...................................57 creating ....................................57 deleting ....................................58 patterns.......................................56 plugs creating ....................................46 overview ...................................46 plugs...........................................46 processes assigning ..................................16 changing ...................................16 defining ....................................14 environment welding parameters..15 overview ...................................13 reusing .....................................17 unassigning ...............................16 processes.....................................13 70

Index R rods assigning ..................................11 changing...................................12 defining ....................................10 overview ...................................10 reusing .....................................13 unassigning ...............................11 rods ............................................10 S slots creating ....................................49 overview ...................................48 slots............................................48 solid geometry type ..................... 29, 58 solid............................................29 solid............................................58 spots creating ....................................51 overview ...................................50 spots...........................................50 symbols displaying .................................66 drawings ...................................65 redefining .................................66 redefining restrictions .................67 replacing...................................67 storing......................................67 symbols.......................................65 U unhiding unblanking ................................. 5 unhiding ....................................... 4 unhiding ....................................... 5 W welding ANSI ........................................65 butts and grooves ......................43 compound .................................61 configuring ................................. 6 displaying .................................. 4 edge preps ................................30 features ....................................28 geometry types..........................29 getting started ............................ 1 information ...............................63 ISO ..........................................65 layers ........................................ 3 model tree ................................. 2 notches.....................................52 overview .................................... 1 patterns ....................................57 plugs ........................................46 slots .........................................48 spots ........................................50 symbols in drawings ...................65 welds........................................33 welding ........................................ 1 welds butts and grooves ......................43 71

Welding - Help Topic Collection editing definitions.......................58 fillets .................. 35, 36, 38, 39, 42 overview ...................................33 references .................................34 welds ..........................................33

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