MODUL5

PROSEDURANALISISDENGANANSYS

Dalammerancangsuatuproduk,perludilakukananalisisengineering.Analisisyang dilakukanuntukmengetahuiteganganmaksimumyangterjadi.Filosofidesainadalah memastikanbahwaterganganmaksimumyangterjaditidakbolehlebihbesardari kekuatanmaterialnya.Kekuatanmaterialduketahuidarihasilpengujian. Selainitujugaperludiketahuiperpindahan(defleksi)agarpenyimpangangeometri yangdiijinkandapatdikontrol. ANSYSadalahpaketprogramyangbanyakdipakaiuntukmenganalisisstrukturyang dirancang.Berikutdiberikansebuahlangkahpraktisyangdapatdiikutidalam menganalisissebuahstruktur.

A.BuildGeometry ThisisthebeginningofPreprocessing. A. Step1:Definerectangles. ThereareseveralwaystocreatethemodelgeometrywithinANSYS,somemore convenientthanothers.Thefirststepistorecognizethatyoucanconstructthebracket easilywithcombinationsofrectanglesandcirclePrimitives. Decidewheretheoriginwillbelocatedandthendefinetherectangleandcircle primitivesrelativetothatorigin.Thelocationoftheoriginisarbitrary.Here,usethe centeroftheupperlefthandhole.ANSYSdoesnotneedtoknowwheretheoriginis.

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Simplybeginbydefiningarectanglerelativetothatlocation.InANSYS,thisoriginis calledtheglobalorigin. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Rectangle>By Dimensions 2. Enterthefollowing: X1=0(Note:PresstheTabkeybetweenentries) X2=6 Y1=1

Y2=1

3. Applytocreatethefirstrectangle. 4. Enterthefollowing: X1=4 X2=6 Y1=1

Y2=3 5. OKtocreatethesecondrectangleandclosethedialogbox.

A. Step2:Changeplotcontrolsandreplot. Theareaplotshowsbothrectangles,whichareareas,inthesamecolor.Tomore clearlydistinguishbetweenareas,turnonareanumbersandcolors.The"Plot NumberingControls"dialogboxontheUtilityMenucontrolshowitemsare displayedintheGraphicsWindow.Bydefault,a"replot"isautomatically

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performeduponexecutionofthedialogbox.Thereplotoperationwillrepeatthe lastplottingoperationthatoccurred(inthiscase,anareaplot). 1. UtilityMenu>PlotCtrls>Numbering 2. Turnonareanumbers. 3. OKtochangecontrols, closethedialogbox,and replot.

Beforegoingtothenextstep,savetheworkyouhavedonesofar. ANSYSstoresanyinputdatainmemorytotheANSYSdatabase.To savethatdatabasetoafile,usetheSAVEoperation,availableasa toolontheToolbar.ANSYSnamesthedatabasefileusingtheformat jobname.db.IfyoustartedANSYSusingtheproductlauncher,you canspecifyajobnameatthatpoint(thedefaultjobnameisfile).You cancheckthecurrentjobnameatanytimebychoosingUtility Menu>List>Status>GlobalStatus.Youcanalsosavethe databaseatspecificmilestonepointsintheanalysis(suchasafter themodeliscomplete,orafterthemodelismeshed)bychoosing UtilityMenu>File>SaveAsandspecifyingdifferentjobnames (model.db,ormesh.db,etc.). Itisimportanttodoanoccasionalsavesothatifyoumakeamistake, youcanrestorethemodelfromthelastsavedstate.Yourestorethe modelusingtheRESUMEoperation,alsoavailableontheToolbar. (YoucanalsofindSAVEandRESUMEontheUtilityMenu,under File.) 4. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

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A. Step3:Changeworkingplanetopolarandcreatefirstcircle. Thenextstepinthemodelconstructionistocreatethehalfcircleateach endofthebracket.Youwillactuallycreateafullcircleoneachendandthen combinethecirclesandrectangleswithaBoolean"add"operation (discussedinstep5.).Tocreatethecircles,youwilluseanddisplaythe workingplane.Youcouldhaveshowntheworkingplaneasyoucreatedthe rectanglesbutitwasnotnecessary. Beforeyoubeginhowever,first"zoomout"withintheGraphicsWindowso youcanseemoreofthecirclesasyoucreatethem.Youdothisusingthe "PanZoomRotate"dialogbox,aconvenientgraphicscontrolboxyoulluse ofteninanyANSYSsession. 1. UtilityMenu>PlotCtrls>Pan,Zoom, Rotate 2. Clickonsmalldotoncetozoomout. 3. Closedialogbox. 4. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>Display WorkingPlane(toggleon)

Noticetheworkingplaneoriginis immediatelyplottedintheGraphicsWindow. ItisindicatedbytheWXandWYsymbols rightnowcoincidentwiththeglobaloriginX andYsymbols.NextyouwillchangetheWP typetopolar,changethesnapincrement, anddisplaythegrid. 5. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>WPSettings 6. ClickonPolar. 7. ClickonGridandTriad. 8. Enter.1forsnapincrement. 9. OKtodefinesettingsandclosethedialog

box.

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10. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling> Create>Areas>Circle>SolidCircle Besuretoreadpromptbeforepicking. 11. Pickcenterpointat: WPX=0(inGraphicsWindowshownbelow) WPY=0 12. Movemousetoradiusof1andclickleft buttontocreatecircle.

13. OKtoclosepickingmenu. 14. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

Note Whileyouarepositioningthecursorforpicking,the"dynamic"WPXandY valuesaredisplayedintheSolidCircularAreadialogbox.Also,asan alternativetopicking,youcantypethesevaluesalongwiththeradiusinto thedialogbox

A. Step4:Moveworkingplaneandcreatesecondcircle. Tocreatethecircleattheotherendofthebracketinthesamemanner,you needtofirstmovetheworkingplanetotheoriginofthecircle.Thesimplest waytodothiswithoutenteringnumberoffsetsistomovetheWPtoan averagekeypointlocationbypickingthekeypointsatthebottomcornersof thelower,rightrectangle. 1. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>OffsetWPto>Keypoints 2. Pickkeypointatlowerleftcornerofrectangle. 3. Pickkeypointatlowerrightofrectangle.

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4. OKtoclosepickingmenu.

5. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Circle> SolidCircle 6. Pickcenterpointat: WPX=0 WPY=0 7. Movemousetoradiusof1andclickleftbuttontocreatecircle.

8. OKtoclosepickingmenu.

9. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

A. Step5:Addareas. Nowthattheappropriatepiecesofthemodelaredefined(rectanglesand circles),youneedtoaddthemtogethersothemodelbecomesone continuouspiece.YoudothiswiththeBooleanaddoperationforareas. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate> Booleans>Add>Areas 2. PickAllforallareastobeadded.

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3. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

A. Step6:Createlinefillet. 1. UtilityMenu> PlotCtrls>Numbering 2. Turnonlinenumbering. 3. OKtochangecontrols, closethedialogbox, andautomatically replot.

4. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>DisplayWorkingPlane(toggleoff)

5. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Line Fillet 6. Picklines17and8.

7. OKtofinishpickinglines(inpickingmenu).

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8. Enter.4astheradius. 9. OKtocreatelinefilletandclosethedialogbox. 10. UtilityMenu>Plot>Lines

A. Step7:Createfilletarea. 1. UtilityMenu>PlotCtrls>Pan,Zoom,Rotate 2. ClickonZoombutton. 3. Movemousetofilletregion,clickleftbutton,movemouse outandclickagain.

4. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas> Arbitrary>ByLines 5. Picklines4,5,and1.

6. OKtocreateareaandclosethepickingmenu. 7. ClickonFitbutton. 8. ClosethePan,Zoom,Rotatedialogbox.

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9. UtilityMenu>Plot>Areas

10. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

A. Step8:Addareastogether. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling> Operate>Booleans>Add>Areas 2. PickAllforallareastobeadded.

3. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

A. Step9:Createfirstpinhole. 1. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>DisplayWorkingPlane(toggleon)

2. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Circle> SolidCircle 3. Pickcenterpointat: WPX=0(inGraphicsWindow) WPY=0 4. Movemousetoradiusof.4(showninthepickingmenu)andclickleft buttontocreatecircle. 5. OKtoclosepickingmenu.

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A. Step10:Moveworkingplaneandcreatesecondpinhole. 1. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>OffsetWPto>GlobalOrigin 2. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Circle>Solid Circle 3. Pickcenterpointat: WPX=0(inGraphicsWindow) WPY=0 4. Movemousetoradiusof.4(showninthepickingmenu)andclickleft mousebuttontocreatecircle. 5. OKtoclosepickingmenu. 6. UtilityMenu>WorkPlane>DisplayWorkingPlane(toggleoff) 7. UtilityMenu>Plot>Replot

Fromthisareaplot,itappearsthatoneofthepinholeareasisnotthere. However,itisthere(asindicatedbythepresenceofitslines),youjust can'tseeitinthefinaldisplayofthescreen.Thatisbecausethebracket areaisdrawnontopofit.Aneasywaytoseeallareasistoplotthelines instead. 8. UtilityMenu>Plot>Lines

9. Toolbar:SAVE_DB. A. Step11:Subtractpinholesfrombracket. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans> Subtract>Areas 2. Pickbracketasbaseareafromwhichtosubtract. 3. Apply(inpickingmenu). 4. Pickbothpinholesasareastobesubtracted.

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5. OKtosubtractholesandclosepickingmenu.

A. Step12:Savethedatabaseasmodel.db. Atthispoint,youwillsavethedatabasetoanamedfileanamethatrepresents themodelbeforemeshing.Ifyoudecidetogobackandremesh,you'llneedto resumethisdatabasefile.Youwillsaveitasmodel.db. 1. UtilityMenu>File>SaveAs 2. Entermodel.dbforthedatabasefilename. 3. OKtosaveandclosedialogbox.

B. DefineMaterials

B. Step13:Setpreferences. Inpreparationfordefiningmaterials,youwillsetpreferencessothatonly materialsthatpertaintoastructuralanalysisareavailableforyoutochoose. Tosetpreferences: 1. MainMenu>Preferences 2. Turnonstructuralfiltering.Theoptionsmaydifferfromwhatisshown heresincetheydependonthe ANSYSproductyouareusing.

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3. OKtoapplyfilteringandclosethedialogbox.

B.Step14:Definematerialproperties. Todefinematerialpropertiesforthisanalysis,thereisonlyonematerialforthe bracket,A36Steel,withgivenvaluesforYoungsmodulusofelasticityand Poissonsratio. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>MaterialProps>Material Models 2. DoubleclickonStructural,Linear,Elastic,Isotropic. 3. Enter30e6forEX. 4. Enter.27forPRXY. 5. OKtodefinematerialpropertysetandclosethedialogbox.

6. Material>Exit

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B.Step15:Defineelementtypesandoptions. Inanyanalysis,youneedtoselectfromalibraryofelementtypesanddefinethe appropriateonesforyouranalysis. Forthisanalysis,youwilluseonlyoneelementtype, PLANE82,whichisa2D, quadratic,structural,higherorderelement.Thechoiceofahigherorderelement hereallowsyoutohaveacoarsermeshthanwithlowerorderelementswhilestill maintainingsolutionaccuracy.Also,ANSYSwillgeneratesometriangleshaped elementsinthemeshthatwouldotherwisebeinaccurateifyouusedlowerorder elements(PLANE42).Youwillneedtospecifyplanestresswiththicknessasan optionforPLANE82.(Youwilldefinethethicknessasarealconstantinthenext step.) 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>ElementType>Add/Edit/Delete 2. Addanelementtype. 3. Structuralsolidfamilyofelements. 4. Choosethe8nodequad(PLANE82). 5. OKtoapplytheelementtypeandclosethedialogbox. 6. Options forPLANE82aretobedefined. 7. Chooseplanestresswiththicknessoptionforelementbehavior.

8. OKtospecifyoptionsandclosetheoptionsdialogbox.

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9. Closetheelementtypedialogbox.

B.Step16:Definerealconstants. Forthisanalysis,sincetheassumptionisplanestresswiththickness,youwill enterthethicknessasarealconstantforPLANE82.Tofindoutmoreinformation about PLANE82,youwillusetheANSYSHelpSysteminthisstepbyclickingona Helpbuttonfromwithinadialogbox.

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1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Real Constants>Add/Edit/Delete 2. Addarealconstantset. 3. OKforPLANE82. BeforeclickingontheHelpbuttonin thenextstep,youshouldbeawarethat thehelpinformationmayappearinthe samewindowasthistutorial,replacing thecontentsofthetutorial.After readingthehelpinformation,clickon theBackbuttontoreturntothistutorial. Ifthehelpinformationappearsina separatewindowfromthetutorial, minimizeorclosethehelpwindowafter youreadthehelpinformation.

4. Helptogethelpon PLANE82. 5. Holdleftmousebuttondowntoscroll throughelementdescription. 6. Ifthehelpinformationreplacedthe tutorial,clickontheBackbuttonto returntothetutorial. 7. Enter.5forTHK. 8. OKtodefinetherealconstantand closethedialogbox. 9. Closetherealconstantdialogbox.

C.GenerateMesh C.Step17:Meshthearea. OnenicefeatureoftheANSYSprogramisthatyoucanautomaticallymeshthemodel withoutspecifyinganymeshsizecontrols.Thisisusingwhatiscalledadefaultmesh.

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Ifyourenotsurehowtodeterminethemeshdensity,letANSYStryitfirst!Meshing thismodelwithadefaultmeshhowever,generatesmoreelementsthanareallowedin the ANSYSEDprogram.Insteadyouwillspecifyaglobalelementsizetocontrol overallmeshdensity. 1. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Meshing>MeshTool 2. SetGlobalSizecontrol. 3. Typein0.5. 4. OK. 5. ChooseAreaMeshing. 6. ClickonMesh. 7. PickAllfortheareatobemeshed(inpickingmenu).Closeanywarning messagesthatappear. 8. ClosetheMeshTool.

Note Themeshyouseeonyourscreenmayvaryslightlyfromthemeshshownhere.Asa resultofthis,youmayseeslightlydifferentresultsduringpostprocessing.Fora discussionofresultsaccuracy,seePlanningYourApproachintheANSYSModeling andMeshingGuide.

C.Step18:Savethedatabaseasmesh.db. Hereagain,youwillsavethedatabasetoanamedfile,thistimemesh.db. 1. UtilityMenu>File>Saveas 2. Entermesh.dbfordatabasefilename. 3. OKtosavefileandclosedialogbox.

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D.ApplyLoads Thebeginningofthesolutionphase. Anew,staticanalysisisthedefault,soyouwillnotneedtospecifyanalysistypefor thisproblem.Also,therearenoanalysisoptions forthisproblem. D.Step19:Applydisplacementconstraints. Youcanapplydisplacementconstraintsdirectlytolines. 1. MainMenu>Solution> DefineLoads>Apply> Structural> Displacement>On Lines 2. Pickthefourlines aroundlefthandhole (Linenumbers10,9, 11,12).

3. OK(inpickingmenu). 4. ClickonAllDOF. 5. Enter0forzero displacement. 6. OKtoapplyconstraints andclosedialogbox. 7. UtilityMenu>Plot Lines

8. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

D.Step20:Applypressureload.

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Nowapplythetaperedpressureloadtothebottom,righthandpinhole.("Tapered" heremeansvaryinglinearly.)NotethatwhenacircleiscreatedinANSYS,fourlines definetheperimeter.Therefore,applythepressuretotwolinesmakingupthelower halfofthecircle.Sincethepressuretapersfromamaximumvalue(500psi)atthe bottomofthecircletoaminimumvalue(50psi)atthesides,applypressureintwo separatesteps,withreversetaperingvaluesforeachline. TheANSYSconventionforpressureloadingisthatapositiveloadvaluerepresents pressureintothesurface(compressive). 1. MainMenu>Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural> Pressure>OnLines 2. Picklinedefiningbottomleftpart ofthecircle(line6).

3. Apply. 4. Enter50forVALUE. 5. Enter500foroptionalvalue. 6. Apply. 7. Picklinedefiningbottomrightpart ofcircle(line7).

8. Apply. 9. Enter500forVALUE. 10. Enter50foroptionalvalue. 11. OK.

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12. Toolbar:SAVE_DB.

E.ObtainSolution E.Step21:Solve. 1. MainMenu> Solution>Solve> CurrentLS 2. Reviewtheinformation inthestatuswindow, thenchooseFile> Close(Windows),or Close(X11/Motif),to closethewindow. 3. OKtobeginthe solution. Choose YestoanyVerify messagesthatappear. 4. Closetheinformation windowwhensolution isdone.

F.ReviewResults Thebeginningofthepostprocessingphase. Note Theresultsyouseemayvaryslightlyfromwhatisshownhereduetovariationsinthe mesh.

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F.Step22:Enterthegeneralpostprocessorandreadintheresults. 1. MainMenu>GeneralPostproc>ReadResults>FirstSet F.Step23:Plotthedeformedshape. 1. MainMenu>General Postproc>PlotResults> DeformedShape 2. ChooseDef+undeformed.

3. OK.

Youcanalsoproducean animatedversionofthe deformedshape: 4. UtilityMenu>PlotCtrls> Animate>DeformedShape 5. ChooseDef+undeformed.

6. OK.

7. MakechoicesintheAnimation Controller(notshown),if necessary,thenchooseClose.

F.Step24:PlotthevonMisesequivalentstress.

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1. MainMenu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Contour Plot>NodalSolu 2. ChooseStressitem tobecontoured. 3. Scrolldownand choosevonMises (SEQV). 4. OK.

Youcanalsoproduce ananimatedversion oftheseresults: 5. UtilityMenu>Plot Ctrls>Animate> DeformedResults 6. ChooseStressitem tobecontoured. 7. Scrolldownand choosevonMises (SEQV). 8. OK.

9. Makechoicesinthe AnimationController (notshown),if necessary,then chooseClose.

F.Step25:Listreactionsolution.

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1. MainMenu> General Postproc>List Results> ReactionSolu 2. OKtolistallitems andclosethe dialogbox. 3. Scrolldownand findthetotal verticalforce,FY. 4. File>Close (Windows),or Close(X11/Motif), toclosethe window.

Thevalueof134.61iscomparabletothetotalpinloadforce. Note Thevaluesshownarerepresentativeandmayvaryfromthevaluesyouobtain. Therearemanyotheroptionsavailableforreviewingresultsinthegeneral postprocessor.Youllseesomeofthesedemonstratedinothertutorials.Youhave finishedtheanalysis.Exittheprograminthenextstep. F.Step26:ExittheANSYSprogram. WhenexitingtheANSYSprogram,youcansavethegeometryandloadsportionsof thedatabase(default),savegeometry,loads,andsolutiondata(onesetofresults only),savegeometry,loads,solutiondata,andpostprocessingdata(i.e.,save everything),orsavenothing.Youcansavenothinghere,butyoushouldbesuretouse oneoftheothersaveoptionsifyouwanttokeeptheANSYSdatafiles. 1. Toolbar:Quit. 2. ChooseQuitNoSave! 3. OK.

Congratulations! Youhavecompletedthistutorial.

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