International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND (IJLISRD), Volume

1, Issue 1, January- April 2012

INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJLISRD)

ISSN: 2277 3541 (Print) ISSN: 2277 3673 (Online) Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April (2012), pp. 21-34 PRJ: www.prjpublication.com/ijlisrd.asp

IJLISRD
PRJ PUBLICATION

VIRTUAL LIBRARY
N.TAMILSELVAN 1 CHIEF LIBRARIAN & HEAD RATHINAM TECHNICAL CAMPUS, COIMBATORE Dr. R .SEVUKAN 2 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF LIBARARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY N.SIVAKUMAR 3 LIBRARIAN KALAIGNAR KARUNANIDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE

ABSTRACT
Most of the Libraries today, offer a wide range of on-line services to their users. And, now, the internet and web technologies are not the new things to any academician hence, it is the time for a Library to be virtual and develop its on-line presence in order to further facilitate and enrich the educational processes. In this direction, Virtual Libraries provide a new way of serving the new generation users of the libraries. Virtual libraries are the new vision of libraries of the future. This paper provides an overview of a Virtual Library System. It narrates purpose, features, functions, design and development of a Virtual Library and Virtual Library Environment. Impact of Virtual Library on Lifelong Learning has also been emphasized. It also enumerates principles of development of Virtual Library Collection and advantages of Virtual Libraries.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 Ultimately libraries as we know them seem likely to disappear. Facilities will still exist to preserve the print-on-paper record of the past, of course, but they will be more like archives, or even museums, providing little in the way of public service. As for the electronic sources, libraries may have an interim role to play. In the longer term, it seems certain that the libraries will be bypassed. That is, people will have very little reason to visit libraries in order to gain access to information sources. F. W. Lancaster (1983)

Keywords: Virtual Library

INTRODUCTION
A virtual library is an organized set of links to items (documents, software, images, databases etc) on the network. The purpose of a virtual library is to enable users of a site to find information that exists elsewhere on the network.
Virtual libraries (VL) are a natural growth of the ability of modern client server protocols (especially HTTP and Gopher) to provide seamless links to information anywhere on the Internet. The first VLs were menus of links about a particular topic. They were thrown together by site managers to assist the users find items of interest. As the sheer volume of information has grown this approach is increasingly difficult to maintain. Automation, cooperation and more flexible designs are becoming essential.

Much attention has focused on the development of automated systems for indexing network information. Many of these systems are non-selective in building indexes. Others are designed to index information only for a particular suite of sites. However the real advantage of a virtual library, especially one associated with a special interest network, is that it focuses on material relevant to a particular topic. The design I outline here is intended to be a fruitful mixture of automation with human participation, of flexible searching with "guided tours" of the information. Important issues in running a virtual library include finding the "records" (i.e. the links to relevant interest), managing the records, and providing access to the records. I assume

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 throughout that the VL is being developed by a Special Interest Network (SIN) (Green & Croft, 1994). Any or all nodes in a SIN can participate in the management of its virtual library.

DEFINITION
What is a virtual library? The term has been defined by many different people in many different ways. It is a library in which the holdings are found in electronic stacks. It is a library that exists, without any regard to a physical space or location. It is a technological way to bring together the resources of various libraries and information services, both internal and external, all in one place, so users can find what they need quickly and easily. Sounds great, right? Well, the virtual library also has its drawbacks and limitations. Michael Schuyler makes this point very clearly with his definition of the virtual library. He likens the virtual library to a Popsicle, stating that " [i]f the electricity goes off, the cold goes away - and so does the Popsicle, leaving a soggy smear on the shelf where something substantial once resided. The virtual library suffers the same vulnerability and the same precarious existence." However, when they work, virtual libraries can be very useful and very diverse in what they contain. The options for what they can include are virtually endless, and become more and more boundless as technology advances. Some of the content of a virtual library may include, but certainly is not limited to, CD-ROM, Internet subscriptions, lists of annotated web links, internal work products (such as brief banks), proprietary databases (such as LexisNexis or Westlaw) and even web spiders or push technology that deliver targeted research to the user.

DEFINING THE 'VIRTUAL LIBRARY ENVIRONMENT'

Before commencing an examination of the role of librarians within the virtual library environment, it is necessary to reach an understanding of the phrase 'virtual library'. The concept of the virtual library is one that has developed with the growth in telecommunication networks, especially the internet. The 'virtual library' emulates a 'real' library, but is understood to be a product of the virtual world of the internet. To work with a definition that is meaningful within the field of librarianship, I will examine some of the definitions of the virtual library appearing in the professional literature.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 Within the library field there is a tendency to refer to the 'virtual' library, the 'digital' library, and the 'electronic' library interchangeably. Waters (1998) describes the phrase 'digital library' as replacing earlier references to 'electronic' and 'virtual' libraries. A few years earlier, Graham (1995) stated that 'virtual library' is a companion term to 'digital library' and that up to 1995 both terms were 'used narrowly to define a quantity of databases available for use at a given time'. Graham's idea that the virtual and digital libraries are synonymous is interesting, but as he himself admits, the definition he provides is very narrow. Wainwright (1996) believes a digital library possesses the same functions and goals of the traditional print-based library and that the difference lies in 'the digital part of the term [which] indicates merely that the material is stored and accessed digitally'. Like Graham's definition, Wainwright's definition of the digital library is also very narrow. A more comprehensive definition of the digital library is provided by the Digital Library Federation (1999) in the United States: Organisations that provide the resources, including the specialised staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities. These definitions are concerned with a purely digital collection and while there are increasing numbers of such, they do not as yet form the majority and it does not appear practical or viable to equate the 'digital library' with the library of the future where all valuable resources might be available digitally. Other definitions of the digital or virtual library provide a more integrated approach. McMillan (1999) stated 'digital libraries and traditional libraries should not be separate, but should coalesce to accomplish more than either can do independently to serve the user community on the highest order'. McMillan (2000) later refined her definition of a digital library to one that 'should be a seamless extension of the library that provides scholars with access to information in any format that has been evaluated, organised, and preserved' and that the digital library 'adds value and saves time while extending the hours of access'. Mason (1998) believes it

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 is imperative for libraries to offer both print and digital resources, 'together they are the yin and yang of knowing'. Rusbridge (1997) believes the library and its governing organisation is critically important in digital libraries, 'we must provide integrated access for our community to a wide range of resources, placed in a service context'. In his description of a virtual library established at Monash University's Berwick Campus in 1991, Lim (1996) emphasised that the virtual library is not synonymous with the purely digital or electronic library, but rather 'a parallel library which includes a finely balanced mix of print, multimedia and electronic information resources'. The concept of a library which offers seamless access to integrated print, electronic, local and remote resources has sometimes been termed a 'hybrid library' (Pinfield, 1998). Many researchers within the library field concur with this view: Waters (1998) noted that an integrated collection of materials in digital and other formats would be a strategic issue as digital libraries mature and Young (1998) stated that in future, the librarian 'will encounter the twin challenges of managing buildings and print collections while simultaneously developing policies, tools, and support for digital collections and network information services'. This examination of various definitions of the virtual libraries within the professional literature brings me to that which I will use: The virtual library environment encompasses the concept of the digital library but is more than a collection of digitised resources. The virtual library provides access to an integrated collection of print, electronic and multimedia resources delivered seamlessly and transparently to users regardless either of their physical location or the location and ownership of the information.

VIRTUAL LIBRARY
Virtual Library is another kind of Digital Library which provides portal to information that is available electronically elsewhere. This is referred so to emphasize that the Library does not itself hold content. Librarians have used this term for a decade or more to denote a Library that provides access to distributed information in electronic format through pointers provided locally.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012

A Virtual Library has been defined by Gapen (1993) as, the concept of remote access to the contents and services of libraries and other information resources, combining an on-site collection of current and heavily used materials in both print and electronic form, with an electronic network which provides access to, and delivery from, external worldwide library and commercial information and knowledge sources. The speedy and wide access to current information contents makes virtual libraries a global symbol of the information access paradigm. The Virtual Library has changed the traditional focus of librarians on the selection, cataloguing and management of information resources such as books and periodicals. The virtual library is putting emphasis on access without the need to allow for the time required by these technical processes. Virtual Libraries have induced libraries, scholars, publishers and document delivery vendors to develop new partnerships that are working for the good of scholarly communication in both developed and developing countries.

ADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL LIBRARIES

1. Virtual libraries provide immediate access to a range of resources not available in physical collections. Virtual libraries allow unprecedented access to information and ideas. A paradigm shift takes place from libraries as collectors of items to libraries as facilitators of access to all kinds of information, provided by anybody, located anywhere in the world, accessible at any time. 2. Physical libraries operate with designated hours, virtual libraries are available anytime and anywhere where there is an Internet connection. 3. Virtual libraries offer opportunities for learning that are not possible in their physical counterparts. Virtual libraries complement other virtual learning environments, such as those provided in distance education and courses offered online, and like virtual learning environments, providing flexibility of time and place. 4. Virtual libraries often contain more up-to-date information than physical collections. Their sources can be searched more efficiently than those in physical libraries, and the information they contain can be updated more frequently.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 5. Well-designed virtual library collections are organized and managed to increase productivity and efficiency of the user. 6. Virtual libraries empower the user and promote informal learning. 7. Virtual libraries can be customized for particular schools, grades, and subjects. This variety of formats in presentation and navigation is quite different from that of a physical library. Thus, virtual libraries support specific communities of interest, thereby, creating global communities of learners. 8. Virtual libraries break down the physical barriers between users and information sources. Through the use of audio and video, virtual libraries can also make resources available to users that are visually and hearing impaired, and they make these resources available in their homes. Virtual libraries of the future may integrate voice, video, and text for users involved in distance education in remote locations. 9. It saves and/or reduces the physical space taken up by library materials. 10. It often adds enhanced searching capabilities in a digital format. 11. The library materials are available at the user's desktop, regardless of where the user is physically located. 12. It allows for the inclusion of materials only available on the Internet or in digital format. 13. It provides the user with the capability to download and manipulate text. 14. It often allows for multiple, concurrent users. 15. It eliminates the problem of a book being missing or off the shelf. 16. It is less labor intensive.

DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL LIBRARIES

1. Every product has its own distinct user interface. 2. Users need to remember different passwords for different products. 3. The scope of coverage and available archives is often limited. 4. There are often difficulties with downloading or printing. 5. Often there is no cost savings, especially when both the virtual and print products are maintained. 6. Everything is NOT available in digital format.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012 7. There are restrictions, which vary from vendor to vendor, on how the product can be used. 8. The virtual library relies on power and computer networks in order to be available for use. 9. Users can't spread everything out in front of them and use it all at once. 10. Users are most comfortable using books.

USEFUL OF VIRTUAL LIBRARY

In addition of organising you e-book collection, you can also organise your collection of real books and other printed publications.

Convenience of having access to all your publications, be they printed or in e-book form You can search for authors, publication titles and subject You can search the content of your e-book collection. For the time being, this is mostly dependent on what key words and abstracts you entered for each publication. Full-content search of your library is still a while off, but keep watching this space.

It can be used as a repository for reference works for a project team. Is can be a bibliographical database for research projects. The (optionally filtered) collection list can be exported to a BibTeX file to share with other projects. Likewise, you can import other project's BibTeX files to add to you bibliography.

And don't get me started on saving the trees etc...

CONCLUSION
Librarians are professionals trained in the acquisition, organisation, retrieval, and dissemination of information. In essence, the practice of librarianship in the virtual library environment will not be very different from that in the traditional print-based library. The librarian's role will continue to include selection of suitable resources, providing access to such resources, offering instruction and assistance to patrons in interpreting resources, and preserving both the medium and the information contained therein.

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International Journal of Library and Information Science Research and Development (IJLISRD), Volume 1, Issue 1, January- April 2012

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