Anagraw n yisem

Agbur

Tazwert
Amgared gar yisem d umyag deg sin n yiswiren : taliwin d twuri.

I.

Timesariwin tigensanin
1. Unti
2. Asget
3. Addad amaruz

II.

Timesariwin timezzayin
1. Taliwin n usuddem
a) Isem n tigawt
b) Isem n umeskar
c) Isem n wallal
d) Arbib

2. Arbib ameskan
3. Awsil n yisem

III. Asuddes
IV. Amqim
1. Amqim udmawan
a) Amqim ilelli
b) Amqim awsil

2. Amqim arudmawan
a)
b)
c)
d)

V.

Amqim ameskan
Amqim amattar
Amqim amassa
Amqim arbadu

Tiwuriwin n yisem
1. Aseru (tafyirt tanisemt)
2. Asemmad (tafyirt tanisemt, tafyirt tanemyagt)
a)
b)
c)
d)

Asemmad imsegzi
Asemmad usrid
Asemmad arusrid (tinza)
Asemmad ilelli
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Tawsit
Tawsit, deg tjerrumt, d asmil (catgorie) yersen ef umgired n tuzzuft. Da tawsit d tawsit n
ugama, i nettaf tikwal kan deg tutlayin tigamanin.
axxam ~ taxxamt, izi ~ tizit, uzzal ~ tuzzalt ur yelli d tanmegla n tuzzuft.
Da tawsit, d tala kan, ur telli deg unamek. Deg tefransist, tatalyant, taspenyult, tarabt, llant
snat tewsatin n tala : amalay d wunti. Deg talmant, tarusit, llant kradet n tewsatin : amalay,
unti, arawsan.
Deg tesnilest, deg tefransist d amedya, s umata tawsit ur telli d awalec (awal n tjerrumt :
monme), acku ur d-ittekk seg ufran deg tmeslayt. Ma yella yisem kan, tedda-d yid-s tewsitis : ur yezmir yiwen ad d-yini poire war ma yenna-t-id deg wunti, ur yezmir ad as-d-yefren
amalay. Tawsit akked tuzzuft mgaradent : cuisinier ~ cuisinire deg-s tanmegla n tewsit, deg-s
tanmegla n umawal.
Deg tmazit, tawsit d awalec, d asmil n tjerrumt acku amalay d wunti mgaraden deg tala d
unamek.
I.
II.

Deg tala, yebded (yesttwasebdad) wunti ef umalay s tmerna n t er tazwara d

taggara n yisem.
Deg unamek, assa gar umalay d wunti yezmer ad yili :
1. d assa n tuzzuft : awtem ~tawtemt
abarar ~ tabarart ; ameuk ~ tameukt ; aqcic ~ taqcict ; aserdun ~ taserdunt ; agmar
~ tagmart ; aydi ~ taydit ; afunas ~ tafunast ; atg.
2. d assa n usemi/asemer
amagnu ~ ameyan : axxam ~ taxxamt ; abuqal ~ tabuqalt ; afus ~ tafust ; atg.
ameqqran ~ amagnu : awwur ~ tawwurt ; atg.
3. d assa n usmenyir
argaz ~ targazt ; ameu ~ tameut ; (ameriw ~ tamera) ; atg.
4. d assa agraw-aferdis
aslen ~ taslent ; agusim ~ tagusimt ; azemmur ~ tazemmurt ; atg.
5. d assa n wanzi
izi ~ tizit ; uzzal ~ truzzalt ; amur ~ tamurt ; asaru ~ tasarut ; atg.

Tamawin
a) Kra n yismawen, am tala, tama, taga, tili, tidi, tizi, timmi, tigemmi, tamusni, tasusmi, tilelli,
tagrawla, ur llin d untiyen n tidet, acku ur lin amalay ; am kra n yismawen la, fad.
Ismawen-a tettban-d tewsit-nsen deg tefyirt :
Tasusmi d weltma-s n tmusni. Teccef-itt-id tidi. Teur timmi-s.
Fad d gma-s n la. Deg tmurt n waman, yena-t fad.
b) (a)yis ~ tallit ; ikerri ~ tixsi ; argaz ~ tameut ; ales ~ tame d assa n tuzzuft maca ur yelli
d assa n tewsit. tallit, tixsi, tameut, ur llin d unti n (a)yis, ikerri, argaz. tame, amalayines *ame, lemmer yelli ; ales, unti-ines *talest, iseg d-yekka tullas n teqbaylit.
c) S umata, tala n wunti deg umatar udmawan akked yimqimen, d t.

tella, anta, nettat, ddant, wwin-t (amalay, wwin-t()t (unti), atg.

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Kkes-d deg uris s kra d-yeskanen unti, temmeslaye-d ef-s.

Zede deg Bilkur, deg lasiti Lbia. At lasiti sawalen-as daen : le quartier chinois.
Lasun, ur telli d tamellalt, ur tt-zdien les Chinois. Nnig lasiti-nne i tuli tqebbet n Ccix Buqebrin (bu sin n yiekwan).
Bu-qebrin-a, ef wakken d-qqaren ef yimawen-nsen, d yiwen seg widen ibedden
deg ubrid i Marical Bugeaud. Akabar aelnaw yerra-t d amazun n Rebbi deg ddunit, ireqqemas taqebbet tturun-tt-id seg yal tamnat n tmurt, tikwal ula seg tuddar n Leqbayel.
Asmi lli d acawrar zgi ttnemare din : jeme-d idrimen d tcemmain n-ttaant
temarin d leq n yara. Tura, meqqre. Akka i yi-d-teqqar yemma. Maca, nek ur gzi ara d
acu-yi : d argaz, d ilemi ne, d tidet, d acawrar ? Anagar yemma i yeran. Nettat, ulac asteqsi i
wimi ur tettaf tifrat. Teqqar-iyi-d, tikwal mi ara xedme kra ur as-neib : Ne tura ke d
argaz ! Ihi, nek d argaz. Timsal, ur yemma, teddunt snat snat : mellul ne berrik, yelha ne
diri-t, d leram ne d lelal...
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Aman
Aman d tasmilt n tjerrumt i yessemgaraden, deg waas n tutlayin, gar tiwent (unit) akked
tissugta (pluralit). Llant tutlayin ideg yella usinan (am tegrigt, tarabt, atg.), llant tid ideg
yella ukerdan (am yiwet n tmeslayt n Milanisya). Deg yiwet n tama yella wasuf, deg tamannien yella usinan, akerdan, asget. Ma deg tmazit, yella wasuf, yemma usget : axxam ~
ixxamen.
Asebded n usget ef wasuf, yezmer ad yili deg sin n yiswiren : tiri tamezwarut akked tfekka n
yisem.

1. Tiri tamezwarut
Tezmer ad tbeddel (a), tezmer ad teqqim (b).
a) argaz ~ irgazen ; ass ~ ussan ; tamart ~ timarin ; i ~ uan ; iccer ~ accaren ; ticcert ~
taccarin/tuccar ; tamurt ~ timura ; tazzert ~ tuzzar
b) awal ~ awalen ; iger ~ igran ; udem ~ udmawen ; tasa ~ tasiwin ; tidi ~ tidiwin ; tudemt ~ tudmawin

2. Tafekka
Deg wayen yerzan tafekka, asget yezmer ad yili s tmerna n tehrayt (taggara n yisem), ne s
temlellit n teri ne n tera, ne s tmerna n teri.
a) Asget s tmerna n tehrayt : ggtent taliwin n tehrayt (n ; tin ; an ; tatin ;
awen ; t iwin)
awal ~ awalen ; amar ~ imaren ; iccer ~ accaren ; ticcert ~ taccarin ; tamart ~ timarin
iger ~ igran ; i ~ uan ; ass ~ ussan ; taserdunt ~ tiserdatin ; tileft ~ tilfatin
izem ~ izmawen ; udem ~ udmawen ; tudemt ~ tudmawin
b) Asget s temlellit n teri (ne n tera)
aru ~ ira ; abdun ~ ibdan
asalu ~ isula ; asafu ~ isufa
c) Asget s tmerna n teri
adrar ~ idurar ; amrar ~ imurar ; azrar ~ iurar ; azrar ~ izurar ;
d) Asget s tmerna n tehrayt d uelluy n teri
abrid ~ iberdan ; adrum ~ iderman ; aglim ~ igelman ; arum ~ ierman
e) Asget s tehrayt d temlellit
aar ~ iuran ; afus ~ ifassen ; asif ~ isaffen ; tama ~ tamiwin

Tamawin
a) Llan ismawen asget-nsen yesdukel gar teri tamezwarut d tehrayt d temlellit, atg. Widen d
wid ideg yegget wallus deg usile n usget. Llan wiya asget-nsen anagar s tehrayt n : awalen ;
tamawin ; atg.
b) Ismawen aru, abla, asennan, atg., d imalayen maca deg unamek tikwal deg asget.
Neya deg twakksa (n) usennan
I da-yettrajun ssan Deg ubrid yerjan aar
c) ulli, arrac, tulawin, d asget n tixsi, aqcic, tameut ?
d) Llan yismawen d asget war asuf : medden, tiqqar, aman, atg.
e) Llan yismawen d asuf war asget : tirit, times, iij, atg.
f) Isem n tigawt : ma d asuf ur ili asget, ma asget ur ili asuf : tagmert, tisin.
g) Deg tegnatin-nnien, berra i yisem, asget dima s tala n.
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4

Kkes-d ismawen, temmeslaye-d ef uman n yal yiwen seg-sen.

Snat n taulin ay yesnernayen tutlayt : tira d useqdec n tutlayt. S wawal tira, neqsed mai
anagar tilufa-nni n wamek ara naru imesla s yisekkilen ; neqsed ugar : tira n kra n wayen
yellan, n wayen yerzan akk tudert d tmeddurt n umdan deg umaal : tasekla, taamsa, urar,
tadamsa, tussna, amezruy, atg. Akken ur da-d-tettimi kan deg tmenna. S wawal aseqdec,
nerza er wayen yezgan nnig leqdic ef tutlayt, acku yella umeslay ef tutlayt, yella daen
umeslay s tutlayt, i tebu tili tault, i yebu yili uswir n yinaw.
Dakken tutlayin, deg wayen yerzan taessa tagensant, yal tutlayt tezmer ad d-tini akk tilufa.
Maca tutlayt ur tezmir ad tili ma ur yelli win tt-yettmeslayen. D win i tt-yessawalen i izemren
ad tt-yesseqdec ne ad tt-yessers deg temert. Nezmer ad nxemmem ef talmant flugzeug
ayennat yettafgen i usafag, ef tefransist marche-pied tarekkayebt/tasalelt, ef tefransist
ur nesi amyag i ens, ur nesi isem i tnusi, isan droit de cuissage (azref n usferfed ?) ur
tesi amyag *cuisser, atg. Muqqel tura amek i ualent d tutlayin tigrelanin !
D amdan, d tawacult, d taddart, d tamdint, d timetti i yettarran tutlayt d taslit ne d taklit.
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Addad
D tasmilt n tjerrumt i yessemgaraden gar waddad ilelli d waddad amaruz. Addad yerza tiri
tamezwarut n yisem.
Deg tesnilest, addad d awalec acku amsiwel yezmer ad yefren gar waddad ilelli d waddad
amaruz. Yettili waddad ilmend n twuri n yisem.

I. Addad d twuri
Addad ilelli d addad n yisem mi ara yili yisem-nni :
d arilaw (non-rel, virtuel) ;
deg umu n yismawen (deg umawal ne deg usegzawal) ;
deg tazwara n tefyirt (ne n tenfalit) ;
d aseru ;
d asemmad usrid.
Addad amaruz, addad n yisem deg wattal ilaw, mi ara yili yisem-nni :
d asemmad n yisem (war tanzet) ;
d asemmad arusrid (deffir tenzet) ;
d asemmad imsegzi.

II. Taliwin
Addad amaruz yettili :
s tmerna n w sdat teri tamezwarut a ne u ; s tmerna n y sdat teri i. Da d addad amaruz ay
d tala tucrit, addad ilelli d tala tarucrit.
asif ~ wasif ; udem ~ wudem ; idis ~ yidis
s temlellit n tera a/u. Da d taliwin tucriin i sin, s waddad ilelli s waddad amaruz.
afus ~ ufus ; argaz ~ urgaz ; amar ~ umar
s uelluy n teri deg yisem unti. Da d addad ilelli ay d tala tucrit.
tameut ~ tmeut ; tiri ~ teri ; tilufa ~ tlufa

III. Tamawin
a) Llan yismawen ur lin addad, am
tala, tili ;
yismawen untiyen at teri tamezwarut u ;
yismawen war tiri tamezwarut.
b) Llan yismawen, yal tamnat amek tessawal addad-nsen amaruz :
taluft/tluft ; ufud/wafud ; waddaynin/uddaynin
c) Llan yismawen ideg tesbek tala deg waddad amaruz : wazi
d) Deg tcawit, deg kra n yismawen, addad amaruz : ~ u, kra n yismawen untiyen d war
addad : suf ~ usuf ; fus ~ ufus ; ar ~ uar ; tfunast ; ta (maca tameut ~ tmeut)
e) Deg tmahet, addad amaruz ur yelli s ubeddel n teri, maca s ubeddel n tullya n teri :
ales ~ les

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Ticra timsuddmin (n usuddem)

Deg tmazit, llan yismawen d ierfiyen, llan d isuddimen. Seg gar wayen s mgaraden yismawen
axxam, abrid, afis akked tawla, amekraz, asergel, ameqqran, tella taluft n usuddem. Isuddimen ursen ticra n usuddem. Ticra timsuddmin n yisem mgaradent ef tid n umyag. Ismawen
isuddimen, llan wid ibedden ef umyag n tigawt, llan wid ibedden ef umyag n tara. Ban
yismawen isuddimen ef : isem n tigawt (tawla), isem n umeskar (amekraz), isem n wallal (asergel),
arbib (ameqqran).

I. Isem n tigawt d yisem n tara

Ggtent taliwin n yisem n tigawt, imend n tessa n umyag, armi tikwal nezmer ad d-nini ttawent
taliwin n yisem n tigawt er tilist n umawal.
krez / takerza [takerza]/[tajerza] ; kres / tikersi [tijersi]/[tirsi] ; maca akras, akraz, atg.
kkes / tukksa / tawakksa ; kker / tukkra / tanekra / tinukri ; atg.
fru / ferru ; bru / berru ; atg.
awes / tawsa / tiwsi ; awel / tawla ; anez / annuz ; afeg / affug (ifig/ifeg) ; atg.
kes / takessawt ; els / timelsiwt ; ers / tarusi ; atg.
ewt / tiyita / tiwiti ; atg.
af / tifin ; as / tisin ; atg.
Llan kra n yismawen n tigawt lan tala n umyag : urar, ual, inig, atg.
Niqal isem n tigawt ila anagar yiwet n tewsit d yiwen n uman. Tikwal isem n tigawt yemmal
daen isem akmam (agmu n tigawt), da yezmer ad yili tawsit d uman : akrus/akerrus/tawerrist,
tiri, timrist/timras, tayerza/tiyerziwin, tifrat, inebran, iriran, tiyita/tiyitwin, tanekra/tinekriwin, atg.
Nezmer ad nernu isem n tara er yisem n tigawt : tezwe, tewzel, temses, tilin.

II. Isem n umeskar

Tala n yisem n umeskar s m (n ma tella deg ufeggag tergalt n yicenfiren) sdat ufeggag akked a
sdat tergalt taneggarut. Yemmal win yeskaren tigawt : amekraz, amnay, anerzaf, atg.
Yella yisem n umeskar yeskan allal : amextaf, amaddaz, atg.
Tikwal yella yisem n umeskur : amazun, atg. (isem n umeskar : amazan)
Tikwal isem n umeskar deg kra yimyagen imnekcamen s tussda n tergalt tanemmast : axeddam,
afella, akeddab, atg.

III. Isem n wallal

Isem n wallal s s sdat ufeggag. Maca ur yelli d s n usswa (asuddim anemyag). Amzun akken talaines tekka-d seg tenzet n wallal s. asekrez, asalel, asergel, tisemdelt.
Tikwal isem n wallal yeskan ameskar : aselmad, aselway, atg.

IV. Arbib
Yebded urbib ef umyag n tara. Ggtent talwiwin n urbib, ilmend n tessa n umyag ne imend n
temnat. Seg gar taliwin-nni ufrarent-d kuet :
a) s tmerna n a sdat tneggarut : awra, azegzaw, atg.
b) s tussda n tergalt tanemmast d tmerna n a sdat tneggarut : amellal, amessas, asemmam
c) s tmerna n an d adfir : ameqqran, aezzfan, aberkan, atg.
d) s uskim uCCiC : uzmir, uric, ungif, etg.

V. Isem ef yisem : s tmerna n ms sdat ufeggag : amsedrar, amsebrid, (amesar, amesnebdu)

Tameslayt :
a) tiwizi, aseggas, amnay, ameksa, isegmi, asadel, tiselit, asefru.
b) amuin, amuddir (amiddur, amuddur)

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c) amerag(u), imiid/aidan, amellal/umlil, azegga/imizwi, aberkan/imibrik/abrurkan

Arbib ameskan
Arbib ameskan d yiwet seg tmesariwin timezzayin n yisem. S umata, tala tettbeddil kan
ilmend n wadeg n wi d-yettwaseknen (M. Mammeri yessawal-asen udmawen).
ayen i d-yettwaseknen atan sdat win yettmeslayen : argaz-a, tamurt-a.
ayen i d-yettwaseknen atan agemma i win yettmeslayen maca yettwali-t : argaz-ihin,
tamurt-ihin.
d abdar, deg tibawt ne uhu n wayen i d-yettwaseknen : argaz-nni, tamurt-nni.
d tient : argaz-nnien, tamurt-ien.

1. Ameskan n tiin
Deg tmazit, s umata, arbib ameskan s tala a (taliwin tiezzfanin : ay, aya, ayi, agi, agi)
d tala tarmeskilt. Ma ulac mai d tala taddayt, maca :
a) deg kra n tantaliwin (tumabt, tamazit n Walas, Tigurarin), d tala u ay yellan.
b) deg tsalit, d tala tawezzlant a ne ad, i ifettin ilmend n uman : ad ~ id.
c) deg tcelit, -ad ~ -an d tanmegla n d n i yellan deg tzela n tnila (deg umyag) [tiin ~
tigguga].
d)deg tmahet, d tala n umqim ameskan, ifettin ilmend n tewsit d uman : ales-wa, tanut-ta,
midden-wi, tinutin-ti.
e) deg kra n tmeslayin, tient teba ef snat : abadu d urbadu : -nnien ~ -ien, maca tikwal d
tala kan, ur telli d tanmegla abadu ~ arbadu.

2. Ameskan n tigguga
Ameskan n tigguga s tala ihin, maca deg yiwet n tmeslayt am tsalit, d timerna ef tala
tarmesklit -nnha, tella tala ifettin ilmend n tewsit d uman : -nnakan / -nnattan / nnaknin / -nnaktin. [k]

3. Ameskan n ubdar
Ameskan n ubdar s tala n enn/-nni. Deg tcelit, s tala ann, ma deg tcawit s tala n
umernu n wadeg din.

4. Ameskan n tient
Niqal ameskan n tient d armeskil, maca deg tmahet ifetti ilmend n tewsit d uman, yebded
ef tala n umeskan : -wahaen/wihanin/tahaet/tihanin.
Deg teqbaylit llant snat taliwin n urbib n tient : nnien/ien, maca llant tmeslayin ideg
mgaradent taliwin-a deg unamek : yiwet d tabadut, taye d tarbadut : ass-nnien (lautre
jour), ass-ien (un autre jour).

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Asuddes
1. Tabadut
Asuddes d abrid n usile n umawal, yemgarad ef usuddem. Asuddem d timerna n tala n
tjerrumt i tala n umawal, ma d asuddes d asemlil n snat n taliwin n umawal : asergel d
asuddim, ma d asersif d uddis. Tikwal tezmer ad ternu gar-asen tenzet n : taslit n unar.

2. Taessa n yisem uddis

Deg tessa-s, yezmer ad yili usuddis yebded ef :
isem + isem : alemsir, asennan n uyul [asNanWjul]
isem + amyag : asariden, tifireqest (aman mellulen, tala mellult)
amyag + isem : eulac, meriqbac, (tamurt n meimdanen)
Maca akken yebu yili, yettual usuddis er tikti n usemlil n sin n yismawen : eulac amzun d
meulac am meriqbac, meimdanen ideg amur amezwaru d tala n yisem n umeskar ; amur
wis sin n asariden d wiya d amaun, tala-nni yezgan gar yisem d umyag (tawuri-s am
urbib). S umata as deg tala yella umyag deg usile n wuddis, amyag-nni ur yeqqim d amyag :
ha d amaun (aferdis 1u), ha d isem n umeskar (aferdis w2).
Llan yisuddisen zun d isuddimen :
tagersift [ger + (t)(a)sif(t)], mrafi [mer + af], ttkanzi [ttak + anzi], atg.

3. Gar wuddis d wuddus

Yewwi-d ad nessemgired gar wuddis d wuddus :
Deg uswir asnamkan : Anamek n umezwaru yemgarad akked d usdukel n unamek n uferdis
amezwaru d unamek n uferdis wis sin. Ma d anamek n wuddus d asdukel n unamek n
yiferdisen-is :
tislit + (n) + anar > tislit n unar (= tabagust yettilin deg yigenni deg tmera n wuccen)
N1

N2

N3

(d uddis)

tasarut + n + tawwurt > tasarut n tewwurt (ne tasarut n wul, amnar n tewwurt)
N1

N2

N3

(d uddus)

Deg uswir n tseddast, uddis d usbik : ur nezmir ad nger wara gar yiferdisen-is ; ma gar
yiferdisen n wuddus, nezmer ad nger kra n wawal, yerna nezmer ad nekkesrer yal yiwen seg
yimuren-nni n wuddus :
tislit n unar-nni (*tislit-nni n unar)
tasarut n tewwurt-nni ne tasarut-nni n tewwurt
4. Uddisen d tutlayt n zik
Isuddisen d inagan ef taluft n tdamsa n tutlayt, d allal udmis (akaccar) n usemmi n tawsiwin.
Deg kra n yisuddimen yeskan-d usuddem amek tella tutlayt zik. Isuddimen am asersif (asar n
wasif), alemsir (alem n (t)(a)sir(t)), aesmar (ies n wamar), iesdis (ies n yidis), skanen-d tagnit i
tezmer ad tili deg-s tmazit zik : tiri tamezwarut n yisem tla azal n umagrad (i d-yekkan ahat
seg umqim umeskan : amalay a, unti ta). Uddisen am aman mellulen, tala mellult (d ismedgen : d
ismawen n yimukan) skanen-d aseqdec n umaun n umyag n tara zik deg yiwet n temnat
ideg yu amkan-is urbib (aman imellalen, tala tamellalt). Skanen-d daen wuddisen tanila n
uguccel : amselkem amguccil (dtermin) amguccel (dterminant) :
asariden (asar iden = asar aidan ) ; agecrir n umar (s tefransist : cyclamen)
asar

iden

agecrir
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(n)

umar

5. Uddisen d wawalen itraren

Awalen itraren, yettsemmin ama d tiktiwin n tmeddurt tatrart ama d timiranin tussnanin,
zemren ad ilin iwalnuten (s tefransist : nologismes), d isuddimen, ne uddisen. Llan
wuddisen itraren ddan akked tala n wuddisen n zik, am tasnilest (tussna n yiles), tasnalest
(tussna n wales), agrelan (gar yilanen), tafrekmant (s tefransist : autogestion, s tarabt : altasyr al-dt) tanimant (anay n yiman) acku efren amselkem n wid n zik ; uddisen am
amazawal (Amawal n tmazit tatrart), tasegmisent (Tamawalt usegmi n Belid Budris), yecce
usile-nsen acku ur yebdid ef umselkem n wuddisen n zik : amazawal (s tefransist
berbrophone : win yessawalen tamazit ) ; tasegmisent d asegmi n tussna (s tefransist :
*ducation de la science), ur yelli d tussna n usegmi (s tefransist : science de lducation).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Awsil n yisem
Awsil n yisem d amqim i irennun ef yisem. Irennu ef yiwen n yisem, yettili deg wadeg n
yisem-nnien. Deg-s tawsit d uman n yisem-nni iwimi yu umqim adeg-is. Ur deg-s tawsit d
uman n yisem ief irennu.
afus n yisli = afus-is ; aad n teslit = aad-is ; ifassen n yisli = ifassen-is ; iudan n teslit = iudan-is
afus n yisli = afus-is ; afus n teslit = afus-is ; afus n yislan = afus-nsen ; afus n teslatin = afus-nsent
Asuf

Asget
Udem 1u amalay

-nne

Udem w1 unti

-nte

-nnek

Udem w2 amalay

- nwen

Udem w2 unti

-nnem

Udem w2 unti

- nwent

Udem w3

-nnes

Udem w3 amalay

-nsen

Udem w3 unti

-nsent

Udem 1u

-nnew

Udem w2 amalay

Deg taliwin-a tettkan-d tenzet n : amzur n taklit = amzur-nnes = amzur-is = amzur-s = amzurnnit. Ti d taliwin yellan s tidet maca ur llint akk deg yiwet n tantala. Deg teqbaylit, d amedya,
mgaradent taliwin (n wasuf). Deg tcawit, temgarad tala n wudem 1u n wasuf. Deg tuget n
tantaliwin temgarad tala n wudem w2 asget (deg ususru : tamahet - nekmet). Deg
tumabt, ur telli tenzet n deg wasuf : udem-s am deg yismawen yeggran s teri : tama-s.
Awsil n yisem n timmarewt, s tala iman-is :
Asuf

Asget
Udem 1u amalay

-tne

Udem w1 unti

-tnte

-k

Udem w2 amalay

- twen

Udem w2 unti

-m

Udem w2 unti

- twent

Udem w3

-s

Udem w3 amalay

-tsen

Udem w3 unti

-tsent

Udem 1u

Udem w2 amalay

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10

G. M. : Awsil n yisem n timmarewt udem 1u asuf d war asnamak (baba, yemma, gma, yelli, mmi,
atg.), maca yezmer ad yili tala - inu, i yettusemman d tala tasant (n tasa, s tefransist :
affective).

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11

Imqimen
1. Tabadut
Nera dakken tutlayt teba ef sin n yiricen n wawalen : awalen n umawal akked wawalen n
tjerrumt. Awalen n umawal ban, da nutni, ef sin n yiricen : isem d umyag (nera yakan
amek mgaraden). Akk imyagen ur-sen yiwen n umyag i yettilin deg wadeg-nsen (deg tuttra
da) : eg (sker, xdem) :
Ma iga wa ? Ma teskared da ?
Nera dakken arbib d awal i irennun er yisem, yezmer ad yili d arbib n tjerrumt (arbib
ameskan, awsil n yisem), yezmer ad yili d arbib n umawal. Ma d amqim, d awal i yettilin deg
wadeg n yisem. Deg tefyar
Salas d aselway n useqqamu. > Netta d aselway n useqqamu.
Yessebded tigemmi > Yessebded-itt.
Adfel ddu-yas, lehwa ddari-yas.
Wa d amnay, wa d aterras.
Netta, -itt, -(y)as, wa, d imqimen.

2. Tisekkiwin n yimqimen
Ban yimqimen ef snat n tsekkiwin timeqqranin : imqimen udmawanen d yimqimen
arudmawanen. Amqim udmawan d amqim ifettin ilmend n wudem. Llan krad n wudmawen :
amezw aru, d win yettmeslayen ; wis sin, d win i wimi yettmeslay ; wis krad, d win ief
yettmeslay. Amqim udmawan, deg-s akk udmawen (1u, w2, w3). Ma d amqim arudmawan, d
amqim ur nfetti ilmend n wudem. Ma nemmuqel amqim udmawan, ad t-naf d war udem, ne
deg-s anagar udem wis krad ; udem wis krad, d war udem acku d udem ur neddir deg tegnit n
teywalt (yettwabdar-d kan).

nekni d udem amezwaru ; ansuf yes-wen, d udem wis sin ; nni-as, d udem wis krad.

3. Imqimen udmawanen
Amqim udmawan yeba ef snat n taggayin : amqim ilelli, amqim awsil. Amqim awsil yeba
ef kradet n taggayin : awsil n umyag, awsil n yisem, awsil n tenzet. Awsil n umyag yeba ef
umqim asemmad usrid d umqim asemmad arusrid.
3.1. Amqim ilelli
Amqim ilelli d amqim i yettaafen adeg n yisem mi ara yili d aseru (n tefyirt tanisemt), ne d
asemmad imsegzi, ne d anmel n usentel.
D nutenti ay d azekka n talsa.
Yeqqim netta d wi yezizen.
Kem d times, nek d aman
Nekni nezzenz-itt, kunwi terram-tt-id.
3.2. Amqim awsil
Amqim awsil yettili deg wadeg n yisem mi ara yili d asemmad n yisem, ne d asemmad usrid,
ne d asemmad arusrid (s tenzet i ne s tenza-nnien : er, deg, ef, atg.). Tanzet i telli mi
ara yili uwsil deg wadeg n yisem, tinza-nnien ur ellint : irennu uwsil deffir-sent.
3.2.1. Awsil n yisem (er tamsirt Awsil n yisem)
Nezmer ad d-nesmekti dakken awsil n yisem d amqim irennun ef yisem : yettaaf adeg n
yisem amezwaru, irennu ef yisem wis sin.
imeawen n yixf : imeawen-is
tamurt n Yimzien : tamurt-nsen
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12

Ger tamawt 1 : Awsil n yisem d urbib ameskan (er tamsirt Arbib ameskan) ma dduklen deg
wuddus, d arbib ameskan i yettilin d amezwaru.
arraw-nni-ines (arraw-nni i yellan d ayla-s)
taluft-nni-nsent
Ger tamawt 2 : Tikwal uddus /isem + awsil n yisem/ d tafyirt (ad ner anect-a deg yiwet seg
temsirin i d-itteddun) : ur-s idrimen : ila (yesa) idrimen
3.2.2. Awsil n umyag
Yeba uwsil n umyag ef sin : amqim asemmad usrid, amqim asemmad arusrid. Usrid d
urusrid mgaraden deg tala, maca ismawen-nsen d ismawen kan : amqim asemmad arusrid,
semman-as arusrid acku yu adeg n yisem i yellan d asemmad arusrid n tidet ; isem d tanzet
ay t-id-yeggaren er useru, maca ma yella uwsil, tanzet-nni (i) telli. Deg tama-nnien,
usrid ne arusrid d taluft n tseddast kan, ur mgaraden deg unamek.
Nezger asif. : Nezger-it. Nezger i wasif. : Nezger-as. (s tefransist : Nous lavons traverse. )
Tejeb-it teqcict-nni. = tejeb-as teqcict-nni. (s tefransist : Elle lui plat, cette fille. )
Ger tamawt : Amqim asemmad arusrid, deg waas n tefyar, yetteddu d yisem asemmad
arusrid, yezga-yas d allus.
Yebges i teslit ; yebges-as ; Yebges-as i teslit.
Maca tikwal ur yelli d allus : mi ara ilin sin n yisemmaden arusriden : yelha-ya i tira.
Ger tamawt 2 : Amqim asemmad usrid d umqim asemmad arusrid, ma dduklen deg yiwet n
tefyirt (ma terna-d tzela n tnila), d arusrid ay d amezwaru, syin akin d usrid (taggara d
tazela n tnila) :
Yura-yasen-tt-id.
Ger tamawt 3 : Imqimen isemmaden n umyag (tazela n tnila daen) ttilin deffir ne sdat
umyag. Ttilin sdat umyag deffir tzela n n wurmir, d tzela n tibawt, d umassa, d tesunin n
wakud, d tesunt n turda lemmer.
Ad asen-tt-id-yaru.
Ur asen-tt-id-yuri.
D netta i dasen-tt-id-yuran.
Ielli i dasen-tt-id-yura.
Mi dasen-tt-id-yura.
Lemmer dasen-tt-id-yuri.
Ger tamawt 4 : Llant temnain ideg udem 1u asget ila snat taliwin : tin n sdat akked tin n
deffir umyag :
Wwin-ane-d.
Ad aen-d-awin.
3.2.3. Awsil n tenzet
Awsil n tenzet, niqal d awsil s tenzet ; yettili deffir tenzet i d-yeggaren isem er useru ur
telli (d tanzet i i iellin, tinza-nnien ur ellint).
Kksent-t-id seg terast. > Kksen-t-id seg-s.
Yetteddu deffir yimnayen. > yetteddu deffir-sen.
Ger tamawt 1 : Llant kra n tenza i yettbeddilen tala i uwsil, am fell, gar, ddaw :
Fell-ak, fell-am, fell-ane gar-ane, gar-awen,
Ddaw-atne, ddaw-atwen, ddaw-atsent,
Ger tamawt 2 : Tikwal uddus /tanzet + awsil/ d uddus amseru = d tafyirt tummidt.
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13

ur-sen idrimen.
Deg-s aman (ugelmim-nni).
3.3. Tafelwit n yimqimen udmawanen
Taliwin s umata ttemcabint. Amgired ameqqran yella gar umqim ilelli d yimqimen-nnien.
Aman Udem

Amqim
ilelli

Awsil n Awsil n Asemmad

yisem
tenzet
usrid

Asemmad
arusrid

nek

-iw

-i

-iyi

-iyi

Amalay

ke

-ik

-k

-ik

-ak

Unti

kem

-im

-m

-ikem

-am

Amalay

netta

unti

nettat

-is

-s

Amalay

nekni

-nne

-ne

Unti

nkenti

-nnte

-nte

Amalay

kenwi

-nwen

Unti

knemti

Amalay
unti

Tawsit

Udem 1u
Asuf

Udem w2
Udem w3
Udem 1u

Asget

Udem w2
Udem w3

-(i)t
-(i)tt

-as

-a

-a

-wen

-iken

-awen

-nwent

-went

-ikent

-awent

nutni

-nsen

-sen

-(i)ten

-asen

nutenti

-nsent

-sent

-(i)ten

-asent

Iluma
1. ar tafelwit d imqimen udmawanen n temnat ideg tlule. Ini-d ma yellan gar taliwinnni akked taliwin n tfelwit-a ufella.
2. Kkes-d imqimen udmawanen deg uris-a.
Ttqadare ccix-nne aas as akken deg lemer wa ur yugar wa. Rnu, d tidet, ur d-igir lal lemer er
wanect-a. Asmi nella, nek did-s, d igerdan, ur nil ara ad nessiwe er wanda i d-nessawe akka imir-a.
Cwi cwi kan armi d-yekka nnig-ne. Yetturar did-ne, nettna lwaid, nettruu akke er lakul (n
ulmud amezwaru). Da nezga nettettu aqader-nni n yibabaten-nne i yettqadaren akken baba-s netta ;
nettettu da : ur as-nettlai ara Sidi. Ilemmed tarabt d watmaten-is, ssbe zik ne deg yi. Yiwen ur asifaq anagar Ccix n lakul tikwal, mi ara as-yini akken s uhuzzu n uqerruy :
A bu snat, yiwet ad ak-tru ! D tafransist ne d tarabt, xtir !
[ D ukkis seg Ussan di Tmurt n Mouloud Feraoun
(tasuelt n Kamal Bouamara), Lezzayer, ENAG, 2006, sb. 40]

A tacrit n tedmert, tekkes-iyi-kem tezmert ! (Dallet, 423)

Wid yessaramen ad kem-san
Iur-iten zzman
Yerra-yi-kem-id ar ur-i (At menguellet, Lehlak)

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4. Amqim arudmawan
Amqim arudmawan d amqim ur ifettin ilmend n wudem. Yeba ef ukku n tsekkiwin : amqim
ameskan, amqim amattar, amqim amassa, amqim arbadu.
4.1. Amqim ameskan
Yeba umqim ameskan, am urbib ameskan, ef ukku n tsekkiwin : ameskan n tiin (n da, sdat
win yettmeslayen), ameskan n waggug (n dihin, agemma, yettwali-t win yettmeslayen), n
ubdar (n din, iba-t ne yella ur win i wimi yettmeslay), n tient.
4.1.1. Ameskan n tiin
Ameskan n tiin ifetti ilmend n tewsit d uman, maca tella tala tarawsant (ur tfetti ilmend n
tewsit, ur tfetti imend n uman (tala-ines d amalay asuf).
Amalay

Unti

Asuf

wa

ta

Asget

wi

ti

Arawsan

aya

Arawsan

Tafelwit-a teskan-d tala taddayt, yezdin akk tantaliwin n tmazit (a d tala n wasuf, i d tala
n usget, w d tala n umalay, t d tala n wunti), maca deg tmeslayt n yal ass, deg umur
ameqqran n tegnatin, d taliwin tiezzfanin ay yettwaseqdacen : way, wayi, wagi, waha,
wade, wagikana, wahadak, wihidik, atg.
4.1.2. Ameskan n waggug
Am umeskan n tiin, ameskan n waggug ifetti ilmend n tewsit d uman. Maca tala-ines ur
teddukel gar tantaliwin n tmazit ; lemmer d lebi, ad ilint taliwin akka : wahin, tahin,
wihin, tihin, ideg yella umeskan n tiin (wa) ief terna tala n umeskan n tutlayin
tiferkasyanin n zik (h[a]) akked tzela n waggag (n). Deg teqbaylit s umata hatenti taliwin :
Amalay

Unti

Asuf

wihin

tihin

Asget

widakihin

tidakihin

4.1.3. Ameskan n ubdar

Ameskan n ubdar ifetti ilmend n tewsit d uman, maca tella tala tarawsant. Da daen lemmer
d lebi ad ilint taliwin (am deg Melbu, Lelam n Ayt Buyusef, atg.) : wanna, winni, tanna,
tinni. Deg tilawt, deg umur amur ameqqran n temnain, taliwin d tid n tfelwit-a deg wadda
(llant taliwin tiezzfanin : winna, tidenni, atg.)
Amalay

Unti

Asuf

win

tin

Asget

widen

tiden

Arawsan

ayen

Arawsan

Md. : Limmer tayerza s wallen, win tufi ad yesserwet. (Dallet, 422)

4.1.4. Ameskan n tient
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15

Llan snat n taliwin n umqim ameskan n tient : waye, win-nnien. Ifetti ilmend n tewsit d
uman, ila daen taliwin tiezzfanin (nnient, nninin, waye-nnien, atg. ).
Amalay

Unti

Arawsan

Asuf

waye, winnnien

taye, tin-nnien

Asget

wiya, wid-nnien

tiya, tid-nnien

ayen-nnien

Arawsan
Amqim ameskan, i yebu yili, yezmer ad yili am yisem i wimi yella deg wadeg-is
1. d aseru (ammas n tefyirt) : D aya tura i k-iceben ?
2. d anmel n usentel : Wa d amnay wa d aterras. Ta tezzuqeb ta tennuqeb (deg tmacahut)
3. d asemmad imsegzi : Yemmut wa
4. d asemmad arusrid : teya s wa E-as i wa
5. d asemmad usrid : A-d wa, zzenz-d wa
4.2. Amqim amattar
Tala n umqim amattar tebded ef tin umqim ameskan s tmerna n tala n umattar an(i), i
nezmer ad naf deg tesunt n wadeg an(i)da. Tezmer ad tili d arbib, tezmer ad tili d amqim :
Anwa amsedrar i yestefan ? Anwa i yestefan ? Tfetti ilmend n tewsit d uman, maca tella tala
tarawsant.
Md. : Anta ttejra ur ihuz wau ? A wi yeddan d wi t-yifen Ma nnan-awen-d wi ken-ilan ?
Amalay

Unti

Asuf

anwa

anta

Asget

anwi

anti

Arawsan

wi

Arawsan

Arawsan wi, as yeggra-d later-is deg tenfaliyin tusbikin am wi kem-ilan ?, deg kra n temnain
d amattar menhu (i d-yekkan seg tarabt man huwa) i yuen adeg-is.
4.3. Amqim amassa
Amqim amassa, ssawalen-as daen tasalelt n tmuli (s tefransist support de dtermination).
Yebded ef umeskan ayen, iseg d-yekka : ayen > ay > a > i. Deg yiwet n tantala am teqbaylit,
nezmer ad naf snat taliwin i ne ay. Deg tcawit ne d Walas anemmas (Lmerruk), nezmer ad
naf a.
Wi yuen tamurt ? D ilfan i (ay) t-yuen. Ay t-yuen d ilfan.
Yezmer umqim amassa ad yeddukel akked tenzet, ad as-yesmeskel tawuri-s i tenzet-nni, ad
tual d amassa.
Tera taddart ideg lule. Ayen ier d-usi, ad t-awi. D aclim d ukerfa i s d-kkren.
Tikwal i yettili snat tikal deg yiwet twuri : i s i gemmen yirgazen. Ideg i an iswi.
4.4. Amqim arbadu
Amqim arbadu, yezwar yisem-is, ur telli deg-s tbadut. Yeba ef sin : win n umdan : yiwen
ne edd, akked win n uersiw ne n tawsa : kra, acemma, wara.

Yiwen ur asen-iga tilas ! Am wakken acemma ur yeri. Bi ad ttru, ur d-yeqqim wara.

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16

Amqim arbadu, am umqim ameskan, yezmer ad yili d asemmad ne d aseru (anagar acemma
d wara, ur zmiren ad ilin d aseru).
D kra i yeran. D edd i tt-yukren. Ur slin i wacemma. Ur ri yiwen !

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17

Tiwuriwin n yisem
Nera yakan deg temsirin timezwura amgired yemgarad yisem ef umyag. Isem d umyag,
mgaraden deg sin n yiswiren : aswir n tala n tmesariwin d uswir n twuri. Aswir n tala,
d ayen nera yakan. Deg wayen yerzan aswir n twuri, deg wadeg ila umyag yiwet kan n twuri
d aseru isem, netta, d agetwuran d aseru, d asemmad (imsegzi, usrid, arusrid, atg.) .

1. Isem d aseru
Deg tefyirt tanisemt d taremyagt , d isem ay d aseru, aseru n tilin, ne aseru n waddad,
ne aseru n tara, ur telli deg-s tigawt. Nezmer ad t-id-nini akken-nnien : tafyirt tanisemt
tezmer ad tili d d asissen, tezmer ad tili d asbadu, tezmer ad tili d aglam. Isem yezmer ad yili d
isem da, yezmer ad yili d arbib. Deg waas n tantaliwin n tmazit, tafyirt tanisemt amsimer-is
(actualisateur) d tazela n tilawt d. Deg tcelit d tmahet, tazela n tilawt d tenger, teggra-d
anagar deg tzeliwin tuddisin am mad, nexd, zund, hund, urd, atg. Deg tcelit, d amalal eg
(yeftin) ay yuen adeg n tzela-ya. Ma deg tmahet, tafyirt tanisemt tezga war amsimer.
(1) D argaz. D tameut. Tayri d adrar n tmes. Wa d amnay wa d aterras. D wa ay d izem n teremt.
(2) Izem d aersiw n at yiffan (mammifre). Aslen d imi asinfrec (dicotyldone).
(2) D au. D adfel. D ageffur. D agris. D alu. D azal. D asemmi.
(3) D aberkan. D tamessast. D ameqqran. D awra. D aezzfan. D uwiren. D ungif. D uffir.
Tifyar n (1) d tid n usissen ; tid n (2) d tid n usbadu ; tid n (3) d tid n tilin (addad) ; tid n (4) d tid
n uglam.
Tifyar n (3) n tid n tegnewt, zemrent ad aent idgan-nsent tefyar tinemyagin : Yettsu wau.
Yekkat udfel. Yekkat ugeffur
Tifyar n (4) aseru-nsent d arbib ; yezmer umyag n tara tugart win ilan taseftit s udfir ad
ya adeg-is : Berrik. Messuset. Meqqer. Werra. ezzif. ewren.
Deg tcelit, amsimer n useru d amyag eg : Iga argaz = D argaz. Tga tameut = D tameut. Gi
argaz = Nek d argaz. Gan irgazen = D irgazen. Maca tazela d tettual-d deg tefyirt tanibawt : Gan
irgazen. > Ur d irgazen. Deg tefyar-a amyag eg ila anamek n umyag ili, i yellan d amalal.
Deg tmahet, tafyirt tanisemt war amsimer maca deg-s sin n yismawen : anmel n usentel
akked useru ; yezmer ad yili umatar n tefyirt deg uswir anigful (suprasegmental). Tafyirt
tanisemt n tmahet zun d tin n tarabt, netta mxalafent : deg tarabt anmel n usentel d
ummil, ma d aseru d arummil.
Musa amenukal = Musa d amnukal. Axamux tisenti (ti-s n ti) = Axamux d jeddi (baba-s n baba).
Deg wadeg n yisem i yellan d aseru, yezmer ad yili umqim ilelli, umqim ameskan, umqim
amattar, umqim arbadu.
Llant tefyar tinismin s kra n tenza, maca yezmer ad yili kkant-d seg unegzum (ellipse) ;
aseru amenzu yeli, yea adeg-is i yisem-nni i yellan zik d asemmad. Tikwal yettili uwsil deg
wadeg n yisem-nni.
Argaz, s yirgazen, Rebbi iman-is. < ? Argaz (yettili) s yirgazen, Rebbi (yella) iman-is.
ur-sen idrimen. < ? Llan ur-sen yidrimen.
Tamawt : Yella yiwen n wuddus amseru (syntagme prdicatif) ur yelli d anemyag ur yelli
d anisem : wa d uddus n umsissen.
Deg wuddusen ha-ten, atni, llan sin n yimuren : kra n umqim amzun d amqim asemmad
usrid akked kra n umsissen (ne ameskan) n tutlayin tiferkasyanin. Imassanen n tesnilest
qqaren d amur yekkin deg wumu aezzfan ay d aseru, waye d amsimer.
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18

2. Isem d asemmad
Deg tefyirt, isem yezmer ad yili d aseru, yezmer ad yili d asemmad. Aseru, nera-t yakan, d
ammas n tefyirt, d ul n tefyirt, er-s ay d-cuddent akk twuriwin-nnien. Ma d asemmad, d
ayen akken irennun d timerniwt. Ur ilaq ara ad nettu dakken tiwuriwin d assaen gar
yiferdisen n tefyirt, macci d iferdisen-nni s timmad-nsen. Tiwuriwin-nni bant ef snat n
tsekkiwin : tiwuriwin timenza (< tamenzut) d tid yeqqnen srid s aseru akked twuriwin
tirmenza (< tarmenzut) d tid yeqqnen er usemmad. Isemmaden yeqqnen s aseru ban
ef ukku : asemmad imsegzi, anmel n usentel, asemmad usrid, asemmad arusrid, asemmad
ilelli.
2.1. Tiwuriwin timenza
2.1.1. Asemmad imsegzi akked yimezwer
Tafyirt taddayt deg-s sin n yiferdisen : aseru d umsimer. Deg tefyirt tanemyagt, amsimer-nni
d amatar udmawan. as mayella deg ugni n tseddast tafyirt temmed, amatar udmawan d awal
n tjerrumt, ur d-yeskan wara deg ugni n unamek, ur telli deg-s tekti n tawsa deg tilewt n
umaal (rfrent). Asemmad imsegzi yessegzay-d amatar udmawan, yeskan-d taawsa-nni n
umaal, yesnernay deg unamek n tefyirt s wawal n umawal i d-yessegzayen awal-nni n
tjerrumt (amatar udmawan). Daymi i as-yessawal Salem Chaker, s tefransist, expansion
rfrentielle. Ma d Lionel Galand, yessawal-as, s tefransist, complment explicatif (>
asemmad imsegzi).
(1) Tedda.
(1) Yekker.
(1) Mlalen.
(1) Frant.

(2) Tedda teslit.

(2) Yekker wabbu.
(2) Mlalen wulawen.
(2) Frant tlufa.

Tifyar (1) akk, d tummidin deg ugni n tseddast. Deg tefyar (2), ismawen i d-yernan ef wuddus
anemyag, snernan tifyar (1) deg ugni n unamek, d isemmaden imsegziyen.
Deg ugni n tesnala, asemmad imsegzi yettili deg waddad amaruz i yismawen i ilan addad.
Deg teqqur tala, tala d asemmad imsegzi maca ur yelli deg waddad amaruz ! acku deg tesur
tala, tala d asemmad usrid, ma d tala-s d tin d tin ! (er tamsirt n waddad). Asemmad imsegzi,
d asemmad aruzzig : yella deg yal tasekka n tefyirt, maca anagar ma yella umatar udmawan
deg wudem wis krad (deg wadeg n yisem asemmad imsegzi, yelli umqim ilelli ma yella umatar
udmawan deg wudem amezwaru d wis sin).
Imezwer1 d asemmad imsegzi yezwaren ne yettwaszewren.
(1) Mlalen wulawen.

(2) Ulawen, mlalen.

Asezwer, ne tiririt er tazwara n tefyirt, d tikci n wazal i yiwen n wawal ugar n wiya. Tafyirt
(1) d tafyirt tamagnut, tudel (tebda) s wuddus anemyag, ur yelli deg-s wawal i wimi yettunefk
wazal ugar n wiya. Ma d tafyirt (2), d tafyirt s usezwer, deg-s yettunefk wazal i usemmad
wulawen, acku d win ay d abel n umsiwel. Mlalen wulawen, anamek-is Mlalen wulawen, ma d
Ulawen mlalen, anamek-is Ulawen mlalen (ma d) tasiwin ur mlalent atg.
2.1.2. Asemmad usrid akked usemmad arusrid s tenzet i
Asemmad usrid d usemmad arusrid, yiwen-nsen deg unamek, mxalafen deg tseddast kan.
Usrid yeqqen srid s aseru ; ma d arusrid d useru, tekka-d gar-asen tenzet. Qqaren
asemmad arusrid tettawi-t-id, teggar-it-id, tessekcam-it-id tenzet er useru.
Yezger asif. =

zger

asif

Ssawalen-as daen anmel n usentel, i d-yekkan seg indicateur de thme n Lionel Galand.

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19

Yezger i wasif. = y

zger

(i)

wasif (= asif

addad amaruz)

Nezmer ad d-naf aas n yimedyaten am wi n ufella : tejeb-it = tejeb-as ; yezla-t = yezla-yas (deg
kra n temnain)
Asemmad arusrid yeba ef sin : win i d-teggar tenzet i, akked wid i d-ggarent tenza-nnien
(deg, seg, er, ef, gar, nnig, ddaw, d, s [allal], s [tanila], atg.). Asemmad i d-teggar tenzet i
d uzzig, acku tanzet-a telli ma yu umqim amkan n yisem (er tamsirt n uwsil n umyag).
Yezger i wasif. / Yezger-as.
Yettili wallus n yisem asemmad arusrid s umqim-is :
Yura tabrat i memmi-s. / Yura-yas tabrat i memmi-s.
Sserkusen i tsednan-nsen. / Sserkusen-asent i tsednan-nsent.
Asemmad usrid d usemmad arusrid s tenzet i, d isemmaden uzzigen : llan anagar deg tefyirt
tanemyagt, yerna anagar ma yella umyag d anesfal (d amsukk : transitif). Llan kra n
yimyagen ttilin d inesfalen deg unamek-nsen wis sin (amadwan ?) :
yuen ayyur kan, ikcem akal.
Yekcem-it s terit.
2.1.3. Asemmad arusrid s tenza-nnien2
Asemmad arusrid s tenza-nnien, amqim-is irennu er tenzet, ssawalen-as awsil n tenzet.
Yezmer ad yili deg tefyirt tanemyagt ne deg tefyirt tanisemt. Asemmad arusrid yettili deg
waddad amaruz deffir tenza yessefaren addad amaruz, am : deg, seg, er, ef, gar, nnig,
ddaw, am, d, s [allal], atg.).
Zeden deg teremt. / Zeden deg-s.
Tekka-d seg Yimusnawen. / Tekka-d seg-sen.
Tedda d wayetma-s. / Tedda yid-sen.
Ferent s yinebgawen. / Ferent yes-sen.
D tallast deg uxxam-nsen. Atan deg yir tagnit.
Maca llant tenza yessefaren addad ilelli : war, ar, s [tanila].
Tanzet s [tanila] ur tessefar amqim : Yuli s adrar. /
Tanzet n teggar-d isem er yisem, macci er useru : tasarut n tewwurt
2.1.5. Asemmad ilelli
Asemmad ilelli d asemmad i izemren ad ibeddel adeg deg tefyirt war ma ibeddel unamek n
tefyirt. Ssawalen-as daen asemmad ilelli acku ur yesri i tzela n tilawt (amsimer) deg usezwer
uzmir (er tamsirt n usezwer). Asemmad ilelli, ssawalen-as amernu deg tjerrumt tamensayt,
yezmer ad yili tala n yisem, yezmer ad yili d isem yakan deg tazwara. Ilmend n tesnamka,
nezmer ad nebu asemmad ilelli ef : akud, adeg, tasmekta, taara.
Yeqqers ielli ass-a. = Ielli ass-a yeqqers.
Yessared din, yesfe da. = Din yessared, da yessared.
Ttmeslayent drus, fehhment aas.
Tettent hala. = Tettent s lemawla = Tettent s tazzla.
Deg kra n yimedyaten-a ineggura, asemmad ilelli d asemmad ilelli deg unamek kan, deg ugni n
tseddast d asemmad arusrid (s tenzet s).

Deg tumabt, gar usemmad d useru, tanzet deg telli : Iezzem tasdawit Yeqqar deg tesdawit. Deg kra n
tmeslayin n Bgayet, deg tefyar s yimyagen n umussu (n umwiwel), gar usemmad d useru telli tenzet er : Ad
ali tamurt. Ad rue axxam Ttwakksent tillas n usemmad usrid acku amyag n umussu d arnesfal (d aremsukk), ur
ili asemmad usrid.
2

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20

Mi ara yili usemmad ilelli ila tala n yisem, d abalu n tillas acku ur nezmir ad t-nakez ma d
asemmad ilelli ne d asemmad usrid. Ma yettwasezwer usemmad-nni, nezmer ad nakez d acut : asemmad usrid yesra i tzela n tilawt, ur yelli am usemmad ilelli. Deg tefyirt Iemmel
tameddit, ur neri tameddit ma d asemmad ilelli ne d asemmad usrid. Maca deg tefyirt s
usezwer, tefra : Deg Tameddit iemmel, tameddit d asemmad ilelli, ma deg Tameddit iemmel-itt,
tameddit d asemmad usrid (s wallus n umqim). Deg usezwer uzmir ay tferru ugar : deg Tameddit
i iemmel, tameddit d asemmad ilelli, deg D tameddit i iemmel, tameddit d asemmad usrid.
2.2. Tiwuriwin tirmenza
Am wakken i d-nenna yakan, tawuri tamenzut d tin yeqqnen srid s aseru ; ma d tawuri
tarmenzut, d tin yeqqnen er kra n usemmad (yeqqnen s timmad-is er useru). Llant snat n
twuriwin tirmenza : arbib (anmawal) akked umaun.
2.2.1. Arbib
Nera yakan tasnala n urbib (tamsirt n tecra timsuddmin n yisem). Arbib, deg ugni n tala d
isem (nominal) ne d tala tanisemt, deg ugni n twuri d timerna i irennu ef yisem.
Taluft n urbib deg tmazit, aas ay tessuzzel ticcert n yimassanen n tmazit. Llan gar-asen wid
i d-yeqqaren ur yelli urbib deg tmazit, gar-asen Lionel Galand, i d-yeqqaren dakken aidan
deg I yelhan d awal aidan., d asmiwer (deffir uelluy n uawan), ur yelli d arbib. D tidet, deg
tantaliwin am tcelit d tmahet, d tala n umaun i yeggten, maca deg yiwet n tantala am
teqbaylit, yettban-d wazal n urbib deg ussan imezwura > ihalan wi zzarnin ; syin akin, azal n
urbib yettkan-d daen deg waddad ilelli ideg yettili as yella yisem ief yerna deg waddad
amaruz : Yea-tt umcic aberkan. > *(Yea-tt umcic, uberkan.)
Deg tefyirt Yea-tt umcic aberkan, umcic aberkan d asemmad (imsegzi), ma d aberkan d asemmad
n umcic. Taluft n usemmad n usemmad, nezmer ad tt-nesked akka :
-tt
y

[amcic

aberkan]

izri
Deg tefyar Yea aksum-is d azegza(w)., Ufi yiwen n li d alayan, temmger-d d gar yisem d
urbib ; da azegza(w) akked alayan ur llin d irbiben deg ugni n twuri. d i d-yemmegren garasen, d tazela n tilawt, d amsimer n tefyirt tanisemt, yeskar tafyirt (asumer uggil :
proposition subordonne).
2.2.2. Amaun
Amaun, deg ugni n twuri, am urbib. as d amyag acku ila amatar akked tmeri , d tala
tuggilt : asemmad n yisem. Deg wayen yerzan tala, deg tantaliwin n ugafa, amaun d tala
tarmeskilt ; ma deg tcelit, ifetti ilmend n uman ; deg tmahet, ifetti ilmend n tewsit d
uman. Deg kra n tantaliwin n ugafa, tella tala n umaun ibaw.
Nezmer ad nesserwes amaun n tmahet akked urbib n tantaliwin n ugafa :
ales wa yezzaren
tame ta tezzaret
midden wi zzarnin
tiiin ti zzarnin
argaz amezwaru
tameut tamezwarut irgazen imezwura
tulawin timezwura
am wakken nezmer ad nesserwes amaun n tcelit (deg uman kan) akked urbib n tantaliwin
n ugafa : zzit iran = zzit amayan ; aman ranin = aman imayanen ; ma d amaun deg tantaliwina d armeskil : argaz/irgazen/tameut/tulawin yezwaren.
Deg Yu abrid yessawnen., uddus abrid yessawnen d asemmad usrid (n useru), ma d amaun
yessawnen d asemmad n yisem abrid, i yellan yakan d asemmad. Da, am deg wayen yerzan
arbib, llan sin n yiswiren n usemmad, yiwen yekbel deg waye. Nezmer ad nesked tafyirt akka:
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21

[abrid

yessawnen] (a + izri)

Asezwer
Asezwer d tiririt ne d tilin n kra n usemmad ne n useru er tazwara n tefyirt. Andr Basset
yessawal-as anticipation, wiya ssawalen-as mise en relief, focalisation,
thmatisation, topicalisation, atg. Asezwer d tussda i ira ad yessed win yessawalen ef kra
n usemmad n tefyirt tamagnut.
Tafyirt Lluen tagella n walla, d tafyirt tamagnut. Tafyirt tamagnut, d tafyirt ideg ur yettunefk
wazal i kra n wawal. Tafyirt Tagella n walla, lluen, ur telli d tafyirt tamagnut, win yessawalen
yessed ef usemmad tagella n walla, yessezwer-it, ira ad d-yini Tagella n walla, lluen, tagella n
wadis, jjiwnen (rwan). Daen Yea arum, d tafyirt tamagnut, ma d Arum yea, d tafyirt s
usezwer, ira ad d-yini Arum, yea ; aksum, ur yei.
Yeba usezwer ef snat n tsekkiwin : asezwer aerfi (anticipation simple n Andr Basset)
akked usezwer uzmir (anticipation renforce n A. Basset). Deg sin yid-sen d tikci n wazal i
wawal yettwaszewren, maca mgaraden deg wayen yerzan taseddast : deg usezwer aerfi,
yezwar yisem-is, aseru n tefyirt tamagnut yettimi d aseru deg tefyirt s usezwer, ma deg
usezwer uzmir, aseru n tefyirt tamagnut yetteqqal d akenseru (ne azunseru :
prdicatode).
Tafyirt Tisin yettas-d akked tefyirt D tisin i d-yettas, i snat deg-sent asezwer, maca tis snat
tbeddel tessa-s. deg tis snat, asezwer d uzmir, deg tmezwarut, asezwer d aerfi. Deg tis snat
aseru n tefyirt tamagnut Yettas-d, yual d akenseru acku deg usumer amezwaru i yella
useru : d tisin i d asumer agejdan (d tafyirt tanisemt, amsimer-is d tazela n tilawt d). Am
wakken i t-nera yakan, deg twuri tarmenzut tis snat (amaun), ayen i iefren amassa d
asumer uggil, ama d amaun ama d amyag yeftin (er tafyirt tamassat, deg unagraw n
umyag).
Asemmad yezmer ad yerzu asemmad am wakken i yezmer ad yerzu aseru, am deg tfelwit-a.
Awal

Tafyirt tamagnut

Asezwer aerfi

Asezwer uzmir

Yemmut.

Lmut, yemmut.

D lmut i yemmut.

Ualen-d.

Tualin, ualen-d.

D tualin ay d-ualen.

Yufa-tt.

Tifin, yufa-tt.

D tifin i t-yufa.

Asemmad
imsegzi

Tendef tasa-s.

Tasa-s, tendef.

D tasa-s i inedfen.

yekem umsedrar.

Amesdrar, yekem.

D amsedrar i iekmen.

Asemmad
usrid

ersen zala.

Zala, ersen. (er-sen-t)

D zala ay ersen.

Tessens tafat.

Tafat, tessens. (tessens-itt)

D tafat i tessens.

Asemmad
arusrid

Ulin s adrar.

s adrar, ulin.

S adrar ay ulin.

Igemmen ef gma-s.

ef gma-s igemmen.

ef gma-s i igemmen.

Asemmad
ilelli

Tedda ilindi.

Ilindi, tedda.

Ilindi ay tedda.

Tteffaen tameddit.

Tameddit, tteffaen.

Tammedit ay tteffaen.

Aseru

Am wakken i t-id-teskan tfelwit, asezwer uzmir n n usemmad arusrid d usemmad ilelli d war
tazela n tilawt. Amzun akken d tanzet ay d amsimer deg usezwer n usemmad arusrid, ma d
asemmad ilelli, amzun ur yesri i umsimer (deg-s yakan i yella usimer).
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22

__
23

Tasdawit n Bgayet
Tasga n Tmazit
Aseggas asdawan 2007-2008
Turagt Aseggas wis sin
Almud n Unagraw n yisem A. Rabehi

Tanekwa :
Isem : .
Taggayt : ..

Akayad amezwaru (5 meres 2008)

____________________________________

1. Ini-d, s wawal wezzilen, s ma yemgarad yisem ef umyag ? (/3)

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
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2. Kkes-d ismawen i yellan deg uris-a, temmeslaye-d ef tewsit d uman d waddad

n yal yiwen seg-sen. (/8)
Deg tallit-a, imezda n taddart mazal ur d-ukin, anagar tameut n ufermasyan, acku d
nettat i yettassan taanut deg yi. Akken tu tanumi d ueer, anagar ara tru deg tnafa, ad
targu yerza-d yiwen er tanut ad ya ddwa.
[AIT IGHIL Mohand, Tchekhov s teqbaylit (tullizin), 2003, sb. 35]
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...................................

3. Kkes-d deg uris-a ufella tismilin-nnien ideg tella tala n wunti. (/2)
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4. Mmeslay-d ef wassa yellan gar wawalen-a. (/2)

ikerri, tixsi, tikerrit ........

..
...................................

tixsi, ulli, tixsiwin ........

...................................

5. Mmeslay-d ef tala n wawalen-a. (/5)

amerwal, imelwi, umlil, ameqqran, asemmam, amalal, asalel, isiqes, amenud, isifeg.
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...................................
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Tawenza tasedit !

__
26

Tasdawit n Bgayet
Tasga n Tmazit
Aseggas asdawan 2007-2008
Turagt Aseggas wis sin
Almud n Unagraw n yisem A. Rabehi

Tanekwa :
Isem : .
Taggayt : ..

Akayad amezwaru (i wid igellen, 3 mayu 2008)

____________________________________

1. Mmeslay-d, s wawal wezzilen, ef unamek n tewsit deg yisem n tmazit. (/3)

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
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2. Kkes-d ismawen i yellan deg uris-a, temmeslaye-d ef tewsit d uman d waddad

n yal yiwen seg-sen. (/8)
Deg taddart, yella yiwen n udrum n yiguramen, adrum yeftin nezzeh akka imir-a. Iguramen seg zik ay
llan da. Nutni ilen amezruy n taddart merra ires deg yizmamen-nsen. Seg tama-nne, nekni neqqar :
tiktabin-a ur llint ara ne, ma llant d tidet, ur tent-ifehhem yiwen.
[Mouloud Feraoun, Ussan di Tmurt (Jours de Kabylie),
tasuqilt n Kamal Bouamara, Alger, ENAG, 2006, sb. 38]
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3. Kkes-d deg uris-a ufella tismilin-nnien ideg tella tala n wunti. (/2)
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4. Mmeslay-d ef wassa yellan gar wawalen-a. (/2)

argaz, tameut, targazt

..
...................................

tameut, tulawin, timea

..
...................................

5. Mmeslay-d ef tala n wawalen-a. (/5)

amnay, amaddaz, unnim, ameyan, aseggas, anagam, asagem, asfel, amengur,

tisemdelt.
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Tawenza tasedit !

Aseti n ukayad amezwaru

____________________________

1. Ini-d, s wawal wezzilen, s ma yemgarad yisem ef umyag ? (/3)

Yemgarad yisem ef umayag deg sin n yiswiren : tala d twuri. Deg uswir n taliwin, yal yiwen
seg-sen, isem d umyag, s tecra-is. Deg uswir n twuri, isem d agetwuran (aas n twuriwin ay
ur-s : aseru, isemmaden), ma d amyag ur-s anagar yiwet n twuri (aseru).
2. Kkes-d ismawen i yellan deg uris-a, temmeslaye-d ef tewsit d uman d waddad
n yal yiwen seg-sen. (/8)
Deg tallit-a, imezda n taddart mazal ur d-ukin, anagar tameut n ufermasyan, acku d
nettat i yettassan taanut deg yi. Akken tu tanumi d ueer, anagar ara tru deg tnafa, ad
targu yerza-d yiwen er tanut ad ya ddwa.
[AIT IGHIL Mohand, Tchekhov s teqbaylit (tullizin), 2003, sb. 35]

tallit : asuf, tettban-d tewsit-is deg tefyirt ne deg tenfalit (tallit tamirant), war addad.
imezda : asget, amalay, addad ilelli.
taddart : asuf, unti, war addad.
tameut : asuf, unti, addad amaruz

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...................................

3. Kkes-d deg uris-a ufella tismilin-nnien ideg tella tala n wunti. (/2)
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4. Mmeslay-d ef wassa yellan gar wawalen-a. (/2)

ikerri, tixsi, tikerrit ........

..
...................................

tixsi, ulli, tixsiwin ........

...................................

5. Mmeslay-d ef tala n wawalen-a. (/5)

amerwal, imelwi, umlil, ameqqran, asemmam, amalal, asalel, isiqes, amenud, isifeg.
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30

...................................

Tasdawit n Bgayet
Tasga n Tmazit
Aseggas asdawan 2007-2008
Turagt Aseggas wis sin
Almud n Unagraw n yisem A. Rabehi

Tanekwa :
Isem : .
Taggayt : ..

Akayad wis sin (27 mayu 2008)

____________________________________

1. Ini-d ma yellan gar urbib ameskan d umqim ameskan. (/2)

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2. Anta tawuri i yezmer ad yili umqim ilelli deg tefyirt ? (/3)

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3. ini-d amek i yebded umqim amattar ef umqim ameskan. (/3)

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4. Sken-d, s kra n yimedyaten, amek tala anwa (anta, anwi, anti) tezmer ad tili d
arbib, tezmer ad tili d amqim. (/2)
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5. Sesmel awalen-a ilmend n sin-nni (i tessne) n yiberdan ilanen n usile n umawal

(/4)

amsebrid, aselmad, asersif, anagam, uzmir, amasniles, timesliwt, tisemdelt.

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6. Af-d tiwuriwin n wawalen i ilan ajerrid ddaw-sen (/6)

Ameslay yefti aas ef tsertit (sb. 53)
D netta i d-yebdan awal. (sb. 52)
Taluft-nne tura d bennu n zeddi (52)
Yesmar-d afenjal amezwaru, yefka-t i Meyan (sb. 56)
Asmi d-yewwe wass-nni, ad ieddi (sb. 68)
[Mohand At Ighil, Tiersi (ungal), Aframed Editions, 2008]
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Tawenza tasedit !

Tasdawit n Bgayet
Tasga n Tmazit
Aseggas asdawan 2007-2008
Turagt Aseggas wis sin
Almud n Unagraw n yisem A. Rabehi

Tanekwa :
Isem : .
Taggayt : ..

Akayad n usisi (15 ctember 2008)

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1. Ini-d amek i tzemre ad tebu gar umyag urar akked yisem urar. (/3)
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2. Sesmel imedyaten-a ilmend n wazal n tewsit. (/3)

agusim ~ tagusimt ; agelzim ~ tagelzimt ; aydi ~ taydit
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3. Sesmel ismawen-a ilmend n tara n ufares n umawal (d uddis ne asuddim). (/4)

aesmar ; ukrif ; asurif ; agecrir n umar
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4. Mmeslay-d ef wassa yellan gar waddad n yisem akked twuri-nnes. (/4)

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3. Segzi-d amek awsil n yisem d arbib, d amqim. (/3)

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4. Ini-d ma d amqim (ne uhu), umatar udmawan. Ayef ? (/3)

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Tawenza tasedit !

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