ARS201

DIVINESPEECH
LITERARYCHARACTERSTICSOFTHEQURAN

PRESENTEDBY
NOUMANALIKHAN

CRITICALDISCLAIMER
1.

ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedspecificallyforuseduringthesingleweekendseminarentitledDivineSpeechbeingoffered
byBayyinahinstitute.

2.

Thisdocumenthaslittletonovalueasaselfstudyresource.Itservesmerelyasanoutlinefordiscussionsthatwilltakeplace
duringthecourseoftheseminar.

3.

Thisdocumentcomprisessections2through18.Section1willbedistributedinclass.

4.

Wheredeemedhelpful,twokindsofEnglishcommentaryhavebeenoffered:

a. Briefcommentsthatwillbeelaboratedinclass
TranslationscitedfromtheworkofYusufAli.

5.

WeatBayyinahdonotendorseanyparticulartranslationoftheQuran.Theverypointofthisseminaristoillustratewhatis
lostintranslation.Theabovetranslationhasonlybeencitedforconvenientreferenceandcomparison.

6.

Attendeesshouldprintthisdocumentandbringitwiththemnolaterthanthe2nddayoftheseminar(Saturday)inorderto
maximizetheirbenefitfromtheseminar.

7.

Weadviseattendeestobringalonganotebookjustincasetheyareinterestedintakingindepthnotes.Pleasebeadvisedthat
thecontentofthisseminarisgearedmoretowardsenrichmentandgeneralawarenessthanitistowardsacademicdiscourse,
yetawealthofinformationwillbepresented.

8.

PleasedonotbeintimidatedbythecolossalcitationsofArabicinthisdocument.Theyaresimplytheretoassisttheinstructor
inthediscussionprocess.YoushouldbeabletobenefitfromthisprogramevenifyoudontreadorunderstandArabic.

9.

ThisdocumentoutlinesthefullextentofthediscussionsplannedfortheDivineSpeechseminar.Itwillbetheinstructors
sincerebestefforttocoverallofthematerialwithoutrushingthroughit.Theinstructorthereforemayskipportionsofthe
materialduetoshortageoftime.

10. Ifyouareplanningonattendingthisseminarbuthaventyetsignedup,pleasedosoatwww.bayyinah.com/student_center

bychoosingalocationnearyou.

VerbalIdioms

Title

1. Coolnessoftheeyes

PreQuranicReference

(poet



fromBanuJuhaiynah)Hsthenewsreachedthehelpersthat
HumadibnBahdalhasputthemindsoftheKalbatrest.

He

departed(died)andwithhimdepartedfrommeevery
pleasurethatcooledmyeyes;sothetwodepartedtogether
MayAllahmakehiseyeswarm

2. ToLowerwings

issaidofaflyingbirdloweritswingsto
descend.

Thepoetsays:

Youarefamousforloweringthewing,sodont
becomeafalconbyraisingthem
3. ToUntieTheKnotinOnes
Tongue

4. Toentersomethingfromits
door

SothatpeoplemayknowthatImamanIapproach
mylivefromitsdoor

5. Tothrowstonesinthedark

Whenyouapproachamatterfromotherthanitsdoor,
youllbelostandonceyouenterfromthedoor,youll
remainguided.

Warisexactlywhatyouhavecometoknowand

ArabicCitation&QuranicContext(s)

Spouses&Children,AsyasremarksforbabyMusaAS,What
awaitsinthehereafter/aftertrials
25:74,28:9,32:17

Individualtohis/herparents,theMessengertohisfollowers

17:24,26:215

Musa(AS)sprayerbeforefacingthepharaoh.
20:27

Superstitionsfollowedbysomecompanions(RA)before
theyknewanybetter
2:189

experience.Andthisremarkconcerningitisnot
conjectureofdoubtfulvalidity.

18:22

Idivertmyselfwithwishful
thinking Andtoconjectureabout

6. Todoubleupachordand
twistit

7. Toventureintoeveryvalley

thingsunknowntooneislikethrowingstonesabout
(withoutatargettoaimat)

Todoubleupachordandtwistit

inevitablefate.

Mycamelsaredocile,(ItakethemwhereIlike).And
keepingmeconstantcompanyismyheart/reason
whichIputtoworkwithafirmresolve
shecamelthatwandersaroundbyherself
insearchofpasture

43:79

26:225

8. Tohaveoneshandstiedto
onesneck

17:29

9. Ofatown/gardentobe
overturnedonits
ceilings/trellises
10. Ofwartosheditsweapons

22:45.Also2:259,18:42

47:4

IntricateWordChoice

3.02

Madinahin63:8,33:13,60,9:101,120vs.Yathribin33:13

3.03

Makkah(48:24)vs.Bakkah(3:96)

Bakkah

Makkah

3.04

3.05

33:13

3:96
48:24

Ajeeb(strange)in50:2 vs.Ujaab(extremelystrange)38:5
Theyareestranged
Awarnercametothemfromamongstthemselves
Fromamongthem
Theyareestranged
Awarnercametothemfromamongstthemselves
DisbelieverssaidThisisaperpetuallylyingmagician.
Hashemadeallofourgodsintoasinglegod?

()

()

50:2
38:5

TwoDifferentExpressionsforSevenEarsofGrainin2:261vs.12:43

Sanaabil=pluralofsunbulahmeaningear(ofgrain)

Sunbulaat=pluralofsunbulahmeaningear(ofgrain)

3.06

OnlyinstanceofYathribintheQuran

Twodifferentpluralsforblessingsin16:120vs.31:20

Anum=pluralofnimahmeaningblessing

Niam=pluralofnimahmeaningblessing

()

2:261
12:43

16:120,
121

31:20

3.07

DwellersinParadise4:13vs.DwellerinHellfire4:14

Dwellers(khalideena)

Dweller(khalidan)

3.08

ItsvastnessisLIKE(notquiteequalto)theskyandtheearth

Competeinrushingtowardsforgiveness

PreparedforthosewhobelieveinAllahandhis
Messengers

Twodifferentwordsforselectionin22:75vs.78

YASTAFEE(Heselects)

IJTABAA(Heselected)

3.11

4:13

4:14

TheDifferencebetweentheskyandtheskiesin3:133vs.57:21

ItsvastnessIStheskies&theearth(combined)

Rushtoforgiveness

Preparedforthemuttaqeen

3.10

TwoDifferentWordsfortheheart

FUAD&QALB(heart)

ThebenefitsofFuaadasopposedtoQalbinthisayah

3:133

57:21

22:75
22:78

28:10

17:36

3.13

TheWordMisrDoesntalwaysmeanEgypt

hasbeenusedtomeanEgyptexplicitlyonfouroccasions;
12:21,12:99,43:51,10:87.Whatelsedoesitmean?

3.14

2:61

Heartsthatdonttrulyunderstand,eyesthatdontsee,earsthatdonthear

33.15 Notwoheartsinsideofanyman
whyexcludewomen?

3.16

Musa (AS)saddresstohisnationvs.theaddressofEsa(AS)

MusaASaddressestheIsraelitesashisnation

Esa AS in the same passage addresses the Israelites as the sons of

Israel

7:179

33:4

61:6
61:6

3.17

3.18

Kafiroon(disbelievers)vs.Mushrikoon(idolators) mentionedinsuccessiveayahs

Twodifferentwordsforjustice inthesamestatement

61:8
61:9

ADL&IQSAAT:Justice

3.19

TheirbrotherShuaiborJustShuaib?

ToMadyanwesenttheirbrotherShuaib

WhenShuaibsaidtothem

When their brother Nuh, their brother Hud, their brother Saleh, their
brotherLutsaidtothem.Allmentionedwiththeexpressiontheirbrother
whileShuaibinthesamesurahisnt.

3.21

Twodifferentwordsforcomeon!

3.22

49:9

ThewordIkhtilaaf(discord/contradiction) initsphoneticform

3.20

Tofilterout

*

*

4:82

29:36,
11:84,
7:85

26:176,
177

26:106,
124,
142,161

6:150
6:151

3:141

TransitionsInvolving1st,2ndand3rdPersons

1.

Enjoying the (bliss) which their Lord hath bestowed on them,

and their Lord shall deliver them from the penalty of the
Fire."Eat and drink ye, with profit and health, because of your
(good) deeds."

2.

57. and we gave you the shade of clouds and sent down to
you Manna and quails, saying: "Eat of the good things we
have provided for you:" (But They rebelled); to us They did no
harm, but They harmed their own souls.

3.

(as if) to Show their ingratitude for the (favours) we have

bestowed on them! then enjoy (your brief day); but soon will
ye know (your folly).

4.

They say: "((Allah)) Most gracious has begotten a son!"

indeed ye have put forth a thing Most monstrous!

5.

38. so give what is due to kindred, the needy, and the

wayfarer. that is best for those who seek the Countenance, of
Allah, and it is They who will prosper.

6.

22. He it is who enableth you to traverse through land and

sea; so that ye Even board ships;- They sail with them with a
favourable wind, and They rejoice thereat; then comes a
stormy wind and the waves come to them from all sides, and
They think They are being overwhelmed: They cry unto Allah,
sincerely offering (their) duty unto Him saying, "If Thou dost
deliver us from this, we shall truly Show Our gratitude!"

52:18,19

2:57

30:34

19:88,89
30:38

10:22

SentenceStructure

5.1 Thesame,oramostthesame?
Establishtheprayer
Enjointhegood
Forbidtheevil
Bepatientoverwhateverbefallsyou
Emphaticendinginna
Youwillbetestedintermsofyourwealthandpeople
Youwillhearhurtfulthings
IfyounonethelesspersevereandremainconsciousofAllah
Moreemphaticendingfainna

Andwhomsoeverexhibitedperseveringrestraintandforgave
Mostemphaticendingfainnalamin

5.02 Differentwordformsforgriefandfear

Leaningtowardsthisworld:
2:38,3:170,5:69,6:48,7:35,10:62,46:13
Leaningtowardsthenext:
2:62,2:112,2:262,2:274,2:277,

5.03 Theuseofthepronoun&tensevariation inIbrahimASsmonologue

Theonewhocreatedme,soitisHEwhoguidesme(nooneelse).
AnditisHe,theonewhofeedsmeandgivesmetodrink(noone
else).
AndwheneverIbecamesickthenitisHEwhocuresme(noone
else).
Andtheonewhowillgivemedeathandthereafterreviveme.

31:17

3:186

42:43

39:66

26:
7881

5.04

DegreesofEmphasis&DeEmphasis

AnevenifawhifffromoutofthepunishmentofyourLordbarelytouchedthem
(once),theywouldnodoubtcryout(continuously)Ah,OurDoom!We,nodoubt,
WEhadbeenwrongdoers!

5.05

AChangeinSentenceComponentSequenceToDeliverASpecialMessage

ALLAHistheWALIofthosewhobelieve
TAGHOOTaretheAWLIYAAofthosewhodisbelieve

5.06

..

21:
46

2:
257

..

SimilarSentences,varyingprepositions

Say(collective),wehavecometobelieveinAllahandwhatwassenttous

Say(singular),wehavecometobelieveinAllahandwhatwassentuponus

..

2:136

3:84

..

5.07

ManipulatingTheSubjectoftheVerb

WasevilintendedforthoseontheearthOR
DidtheirLordintendrightforthem
Wheneverweshoweredthehumanbeingwithfavors,
thedeliberatelyignoredandturnedawayarrogantlyto
hissideandwheneverharmtouchedhimhebecame
utterlyhopeless.
Allahstruckanexample
Forsimilartexts,alsosee16:75,30:28,39:29,66:10,
16:76,16:112,66:11,
People!Anexamplehasbeenstruck

72:10

17:83

14:24

22:73

5.09 ChangesinTense
Isaw(inadream)
Nodoubt,Iseeinadream
Whoevershowsgratitudevs.
Whoevershowedingratitude/disbelieved
Whoeverkilledabelieverbymistake
(involuntarymanslaughter)
Whoeverkillsabelieveronpurpose
(homicide)
Everypersonwasgivenwhathe/sheearnedin
full
Everypersonwasgivenwhathe/sheearnedin
full
Everypersonwillbegivenwhathe/sheearned
infull
Everypersonwillbegivenwhathe/sheearned
infull

vs.

12:4
37:102
31:13
4:92
4:93

3:25

39:70

2:281

3:161

5.11 Verbsvs.Nouns
Heextracts(verb)thelivingfromthedeadand
Heistheextractor(noun)ofthedeadfromthe
living
Whetheryouweretocallthem(verb)
Oryouareonestoremainsilent(noun)
Allahwouldneverbeonetopunishthem
(verb)whileyouareamongthemandAlalh
wouldneverbetheirpunisher(noun)while
theythemselvesstillseekforgiveness.
Wewouldneverbedestroyers(noun)ofthe
townswhiletherecitizensarewrongdoers
(noun)

5.12 PowerfulImplicationsofWordDeclinations
TheangelssaidSALAAMANwhileIbrahimASresponded
SALAAMUN

Thereisnofearonthem,thereisnotradeinit(judgment
day),thereisnofriendship,thereisnointercession
Thereisnodoubtinit(theQuran),thereisnocompulsion
inthereligion,thereisnooneworthyofworshipexcept
Allah,thereisnoportionfortheminthehereafter

5.12 TwoprayersofIbrahim(AS)
Makethisapeacefulcity
Makethiscitypeaceful

( )

()

, , ,

,
,

6:95

7:193
8:33

28:59

51:24,25

2:126
14:35

SequenceinQuranicDiscourse

6.1 SequenceBearingaGrammaticalFunction
You,weworship&youweaskforaide.Guideus.
Youweworship
RatherAllah,worship!Andbefromthegrateful
AndbegratefultoAllah(allofyou)ifHeyouhaveallbeen
worshipping.
Say,HeisAlRahmaan.WebelieveinHimanduponHimwe
placeourtrust

6.2

RationalSequence(graycellsforsupportingevidences)

IcreatetheJinnandmankindfornoreasonbuttoworshipme.
See15:24

Neitherdrowsinessnorsleeptakeaholdofhim
AndHestheonewhocreatedthenightandthedayandthesun
andthemoon.
Darknessfirst,lightsecond.
AndHeinstalled/madeshadesofdarkness&light.
Authorityfirst,rulesecond.
AndHeistheultimateauthority,thewise/theperpetualruler.
Powerfirst,authoritysecond.
CertainlyAllahistrulyimmenselypowerful,enentity
commandingauthority.
AndwhoeveristoobeyAllahandthemessenger,thenthoseare
amongtheonesAllahfavoreduponfromtheprophets,the
relentlesslytruthful,thewitnesses/martyrs&therighteous.

1:4,5
39:66
2:172
67:29

51:56
2:255
21:33
6:1
59:1
22:40,
70,
4:69

FromYouandfromNuh,Ibrahim,MusaandIsathesonof
Maryam.

AndHeisthehearing,theseeing.
40:20,17:1,40:56,76:2

Alsosee

HowmagnificentHisseeing&Hishearing
OurLord!Wehaveseenandheard

Thoseengagedincircumambulation,thoseinretreatfor
worship,thosewhobowandthosewhoprostrate

MakeRuku,makesajdah,worshipyourLordanddogood.
Thenfromyouthereisthedisbelieverandfromyouthereisthe
believer.See12:103
Fromamongthemtherestheonewronginghisownself.
Fromamongthemthereistheoneactingfairly.
Fromamongthemthereistheonewhoiscompetingingood
deeds.
Themale&femalethief
Theadulteressandtheadulterer

()

33:7

42:11

18:26
32:12

2:125

22:77
64:2
35:32

5:38
24:2


34:2

10:49
11&12,
50

34:42
39

3:157
3:158
6:151
17:31
2:7
45:23
6:102

)(

ContextualizedSequence

6.3

TheonlyinstanceintheQuranofRaheem(merciful)precedingGhafoor
(forgiving)

11:harmthenbenefit:

12:harmthenrelief:
50:harm

39:expandingprovisionthencontractingit

IfyouwerekilledinAllahspathordiedotherwise
Andevenifyoudiedorwerekilled
Donotkillyourchildrenbecauseofbankruptcy.Itiswewhoprovide
youandthem.
Donotkillyourchildrenoutoffearofbankruptcy.Itiswewhoprovide
themandyou.

45:8

100

)(shirk

101
(creativepower)

40:62

29:52

17:96

62:11

17:88

55:33

62:12

)(

)(

)(

57

61

Say,Allahisenoughbetweenmeandyourselvesasa
witness

ThosewhobelievedinfalsehoodanddisbelievedinAllah;
Thoseareinfactthesufferersofloss.
SayAllahisenoughasawitnessbetweenmeand
yourselves
CertainlyHehasalwaysbeenfullyacquaintedand
constantlyobservantinregardstoHisslaves.
Whentheysawtradeorentertainment

WhatAllahhasisbetterthanentertainmentand(better)
thantrade.
Evenifhumanbeings&jinnweregathered

Ohgatheringofjinnandhumanbeings!...

7
1.

AllegedGrammaticalErrorsintheQuran

7.1 Righteousness

ItisallegedthatLAYSAALBIRRAshould
havebeenLAYSAALBIRRU

ItisallegedthatALSABIREENAshouldhave
beenALSABIROONA

ItisallegedthatALKITAAB(thebook)
shouldhavebeenALKUTUB(thebooks)

2:177

ItisnotrighteousnessthatyeturnyourfacesTowardseastorWest;butitisrighteousnesstobelieveinAllahandtheLastDay,andtheAngels,andtheBook,andthe
Messengers;tospendofyoursubstance,outofloveforHim,foryourkin,fororphans,fortheneedy,forthewayfarer,forthosewhoask,andfortheransomofslaves;tobe
steadfastinprayer,andpracticeregularcharity;tofulfilthecontractswhichyehavemade;andtobefirmandpatient,inpain(orsuffering)andadversity,andthroughoutall
periodsofpanic.Sucharethepeopleoftruth,theAllah.fearing.

7.2

TwoGroupsofBelieversFight

ItisallegedthatIQTATALOO(theyfought)

shouldhavebeenIQTATALATAA(thenboth



ofthemfought)

49:9

IftwopartiesamongtheBelieversfallintoaquarrel,makeyepeacebetweenthem:butifoneofthemtransgressesbeyondboundsagainsttheotherthenfightye(all)against
theonethattransgressesuntilitcomplieswiththecommandofAllah;butifitcompliesthenmakepeacebetweenthemwithjusticeandbefair:forAllahlovesthosewhoarefair
(andjust).

7.3

UnexpectedDeclination

ItisallegedthatthewordAKUNgivenitsplacesshouldhavebeendeclineddifferently
asAKOONA

()

63:10

andspendsomething(incharity)outofthesubstancewhichWehavebestowedonyou,beforeDeathshouldcometoanyofyouandheshouldsay,"OmyLord!whydidstThou
notgivemerespiteforalittlewhile?Ishouldthenhavegiven(largely)incharity,andIshouldhavebeenoneofthedoersofgood"

7.4

TheGenderofMercy

ItisallegedthatthewordRAHMATUN(fem.)shouldhaveresultedintheword
QAREEBUN(masc.)tooccurinitsfeminineformasQAREEBATUN.

7:56

()

Donomischiefontheearth,afterithathbeensetinorder,butcallonHimwithfearandlonging(inyourhearts):fortheMercyofAllahis(always)neartothosewhodogood.

IntegralRelationshipsBetweenBeginnings&EndingsofSurahs

)AlBaqarah(2

8.01

8.02
AlQalam(68)

)8.03 AleImran(3

)8.04 Yousuf(12

)8.05 AlRad(13

8.06 AlHijr

ASurveyoftheSomeLiteraryFeaturesofSurahYousuf

9.1
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

TheLayoutofthePlot
Yousufsdream(46).
Thebrothers'plotagainstYousuf(818).
Ministerswife'sattempttoseduceYousuf(2329).
AsimilarattemptbyEgyptianladies(3031).[3]
Yousufsimprisonment(35).
Theking'sdream(4344).

g.
h.
i.
j.
k.

Thekingsdreaminterpreted(4549)
Yousufsreleasefromprison(50)
Confessionoftheladiesfollowedbyministerswife(51)
Brotherslearntheirlesson(58)
Yousufsdreaminterpreted(100)

Sections9.2,9.3&9.4willbediscussedinclass
9.5
CharacterDepictions

Hisopinionsofhissons

()

Thefirstconflictinthestory()

Hissharpintuition&divinelygivenspiritualhealing:

()

Yaqoub(AS)
a.

b.
c.

()

()




()

()

d. Intelligentforesight,notnaivet

e. TrustinAllahcoupledwithproperworldlyprecaution:therightbalancebetweenDivineDecree&HumanWill

)(

)(

f. Hissensitivenaturecoupledwithhisunflinchingpatience

)(

)(

Yousuf(AS)

Thedemeanorinspeechasayoungboy:

)Awarenessofself&theLord:(

Worldlyprecaution&RelianceontheDivine:

a.
b.
c.

) (







d.
)( Heknowsnottomissanyopportunitytodeliverhisconvictions:

) (

)(

)(
)(

)(

e.
Eveninprison,hischaracterandnobilityisdistinguishable:

Honorvs.Imprisonment

f.

Humilitydoesntkeephimfromtakingresponsibilitywithconfidence

g.

Sharperinmemorythanhisbrothers:

TheBrothers:

Mobmentality:

Theygaveintojahl:

)(
)Intheend,thereisadmissionofguilt:(

Wheredoeshonorcomefrom?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Theministerswife:

)Evilgenius:(

h.

a.
b.

Motivesforadmissionremainunclear.(i)truthisabouttocomeoutanywayor(ii)Yousuf(AS)leavesouthernamewhenunraveling
theconspiracysoshehasararemomentofmoralintegrity
c.
Dominatingwoman.IfshecanthaveYousuf,sheboaststhatshecanhavehimimprisoned.Theministerdoesnothingtoundohis
wifesentanglementssuggestingadomineeringroleinthehouse.
TheMinister:Speaksonlyonthreeoccasions:

)(

)(

) (

ForSection10(CoherenceBetweenSurahs),wewillbereadingselectpassagesfromtheQuraninclass.
PleasebringacopyofQuranictranslation(yourchoice)totheseminar.

11 QuranicOaths
11.1

43:2

( )

()

()

1.HaMim2.bytheBookthatmakesthingsclear,3.wehavemadeitaQur'anInArabic,thatyemaybeabletounderstand(andlearnwisdom).

11.2

92:14

( )

()

1.bythenightAsitconceals(thelight);2.bytheDayAsitappearsInglory;3.by(theMysteryof)thecreationofmaleandfemale;4.Verily,(theends)yestriveforarediverse.

11.3

93:14

()

()

1.bythegloriousmorninglight,2.andbythenightwhenitisstill,3.ThyGuardianLordhathnotforsakenthee,norisHedispleased.4.andVerilytheHereafterwillbe
betterforTheethanthepresent.

11.4

84:1619

()

()
(

16.soIdocalltowitnesstheruddyglowofSunset;17.thenightanditsHoming;18.andthemoonInHerfullness:19.yeshallsurelytravelfromstagetostage.

11.5

77:17

( )

()
( )



( )
( )
()

()

1.

bythe(Winds)sentforthoneafteranother(toman'sprofit);2.whichthenblowviolentlyIntempestuousGusts,3.andscatter(things)farandwide;4.thenseparate
them,onefromanother,5.thenspreadabroadaMessage,6.whetherofJustificationorofWarning;7.Assuredly,whatyearepromisedmustcometopass.

11.5

( )
( )

()
(

100:15

1.bythe(Steeds)thatrun,withpanting(breath),2.andstrikesparksoffire,3.andpushhomethechargeInthemorning,4.andraisethedustIncloudsthewhile,
5.andpenetrateForthwithintothemidst(ofthefoe)enmasse;6.trulymanis,toHisLord,ungrateful;

11.6

102:13

()

( )
( )

1.by(theTokenof)time(throughtheages),2.VerilymanisInloss,3.exceptsuchAshaveFaith,anddorighteousdeeds,and(jointogether)Inthemutualteachingoftruth,
andofpatienceandconstancy.

11.7

97:14

()

1.bytheFigandtheOlive,2.andtheMountofSinai,3.andThisCityofsecurity,4.wehaveindeedcreatedmanInthebestofmoulds,

12 QuranicExamples
12.1

22:31Theconsequencesofshirk

()

12.2

2:74Thevaryingstatesofhearts

()

12.3

31.beingtrueInFaithtoAllah,andneverassigningpartnerstohim:ifanyoneassigns
partnerstoAllah,isAsifHehadfallenfromheavenandbeensnatchedupbybirds,or
the wind had swooped (Like a bird on its prey) and thrown Him into a far distant
place.

74.Thenceforthwereyourheartshardened:TheybecamelikearockandEvenworse
In hardness. for among rocks there are some from which rivers gush forth; others
therearewhichwhensplitasundersendforthwater;andotherswhichsinkforfearof
Allah.andAllahisnotunmindfulofwhatyedo.

2:264,265Themotivesforspending

( )

264.Oyewhobelieve!cancelnotyourcharitybyremindersofyourgenerosityorby
injury,likethosewhospendtheirsubstancetobeseenofmen,butbelieveneitherIn
Allah nor In the Last Day. They are In parable like a hard, barren rock, on which is a
Littlesoil:onitfallsheavyrain,whichleavesit(Just)abarestone.Theywillbeableto
donothingwithaughtTheyhaveearned.andAllahguidethnotthosewhorejectFaith.
265.andthelikenessofthosewhospendtheirsubstance,seekingtopleaseAllahand
to strengthen their souls, is As a garden, high and fertile: heavy rain falls on it but
makes it yield a double increase of harvest, and if it receives not heavy rain, light
moisturesufficethit.Allahseethwellwhateveryedo.

12.4

22:73Thepowerlessnessoffalsedivinities

()

12.5

13:17Thestruggleofthemessenger

12.6

73.Omen!hereisaparablesetforth!listentoit!thoseonwhom,besidesAllah,ye
call,cannotcreate(Even)afly,ifTheyallmettogetherforthepurpose!andifthefly
shouldsnatchawayanythingfromthem,Theywouldhavenopowertoreleaseitfrom
thefly.feeblearethosewhopetitionandthosewhomTheypetition!

17.HeSendsdownwaterfromtheskies,andthechannelsflow,Eachaccordingtoits
measure:butthetorrentbearsawaytofoamthatmountsuptothesurface.Evenso,
fromthat(ore)whichTheyheatInthefire,tomakeornamentsorutensilstherewith,
thereisascumlikewise.ThusdothAllah(byparables)ShowforthtruthandVanity.for
the scumdisappears like frothcast out; while that which is for the good of Mankind
remainsontheearth.ThusdothAllahsetforthparables.

57:20Worldlyaspirations

20. know ye (all), that the life of This world is but play and amusement, pomp and
mutual boasting and multiplying, (in rivalry) among yourselves, riches and children.
hereisasimilitude:Howrainandthegrowthwhichitbringsforth,delight(thehearts
of)thetillers;soonitwithers;Thouwiltseeitgrowyellow;thenitbecomesdryand
crumblesaway.butIntheHereafterisapenaltysevere(forthedevoteesofwrong).
and forgiveness from Allah and (His) good pleasure (for the devotees of Allah.. and
whatisthelifeofThisworld,butgoodsandchattelsofdeception?

13 QuranicImagery
13.1

13.2

81:1718

9:38

()

()

17.andthenightAsitdissipates;18.andthedawnAsitbreathesawaythedarkness;

38.Oyewhobelieve!whatisthematterwithyou,that,whenyeareaskedtogoforth
InthecauseofAllah,yeclingheavilytotheearth?doyepreferthelifeofThisworldto
theHereafter?butLittleisthecomfortofThislife,AscomparedwiththeHereafter.

13.3

2:250

13.4

21:18

()

13.5

18.Nay,wehurlthetruthagainstfalsehood,anditknocksoutitsbrain,andBehold,
falsehooddothperish!Ah!woebetoyouforthe(false)thingsyeascribe(tous).

2:250

()

13.6

257.AllahistheProtectorofthosewhohavefaith:fromthedepthsofdarknessHewill
leadthemforthintolight.ofthosewhorejectFaiththepatronsaretheevilones:from
lightTheywillleadthemforthintothedepthsofdarkness.Theywillbecompanionsof
thefire,todwelltherein(forever).

6:125

250. when They advanced to meet Goliath and His forces, They prayed: "Our Lord!
pouroutconstancyonusandmakeOurstepsfirm:helpusagainstthosethatreject
faith."

125.thosewhomAllah(inHisplan)willethtoguide, HeopeneththeirbreasttoIslam;
those whom He willeth to leave straying, He maketh their breast close and
constricted,AsifTheyhadtoclimbuptotheskies:ThusdothAllah(heap)thepenalty
onthosewhorefusetobelieve.

13.7

13.8

25:23

7:175

23.andweshallturntowhateverdeedsTheydid(inThislife),andweshallmakesuch
deedsAsfloatingdustscatteredabout.

175.relatetothemthestoryofthemantowhomwesentOurSigns,butHepassed
themby:soSatanfollowedHimup,andHewentastray.
176. if it had been Our will, we should have elevated Him with Our Signs; but He
inclinedtotheearth,andfollowedHisownvaindesires.Hissimilitudeisthatofadog:
ifyouattackhim,HelollsoutHistongue,orifyouleaveHimalone,He(still)lollsout
His tongue. that is the similitude of those who reject Our Signs; so relate the story;
PerchanceTheymayreflect.

35:43

14 SelectProverbialQuotesFromTheQuran
6:164
17:15

35:18
39:7
10:23

74:38

55:26

6:67

17:84

28:77

28:77

23:53
30:32

63:4

18:104

22:73

5:1

59:14

15 DialogueintheQuran
15.1

DialoguebetweenIbrahim(AS) &hisLord 2:124134

124. and remember that Abraham was tried by His Lord with certain commands, which He fulfilled: He said: "I will make Thee an Imam to the Nations." He
pleaded: "And also (Imams) from My offspring!" He answered: "But My promise is not within the reach of evildoers."125. remember we made the House a
placeofassemblyformenandaplaceofsafety;andtakeyethestationofAbrahamAsaplaceofprayer;andwecovenantedwithAbrahamandIsma'il,that
TheyshouldsanctifyMyHouseforthosewhocompassitround,oruseitAsaretreat,orbow,orprostratethemselves(thereinInprayer).126.andremember
Abrahamsaid:"MyLord,makeThisaCityofPeace,andfeeditspeoplewithfruits,suchofthemAsbelieveInAllahandtheLastDay."Hesaid:"(Yea),andsuch
AsrejectFaith,forawhilewillIgrantthemtheirpleasure,butwillsoondrivethemtothetormentofFire,anevildestination(indeed)!"127.andremember
Abraham and Isma'il raised the foundations of the House (with This prayer): "Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: for Thou art the AllHearing, the All
Knowing.128."OurLord!makeofusMuslims,bowingtoThy(Will),andofOurprogenyapeopleMuslim,bowingtoThy(will);andShowusOurplaceforthe
celebrationof(due)rites;andturnuntous(inMercy);forThouarttheOftReturning,MostMerciful.129."OurLord!sendamongstthemanMessengeroftheir
own,whoshallrehearseThySignstothemandinstructthemInScriptureandWisdom,andsanctifythem:forThouarttheExaltedInMight,theWise."130.and
whoturnsawayfromtheReligionofAbrahambutsuchAsdebasetheirsoulswithfolly?HimwechoseandrenderedpureInThisworld:andHewillbeInthe
HereafterIntheranksoftheRighteous.131.Behold!HisLordsaidtohim:"Bow(thywilltoMe):"Hesaid:"Ibow(mywill)totheLordandCherisherofthe
Universe."132.andThiswasthelegacythatAbrahamlefttoHissons,andsodidJacob;"OhMysons!AllahhathchosentheFaithforyou;thendienotexceptIn
theFaithofIslam."133.wereyewitnesseswhendeathappearedbeforeJacob?Behold,HesaidtoHissons:"Whatwillyeworshipafterme?"Theysaid:"We
shallworshipThyAllahandtheAllahofThyfathers,ofAbraham,Isma'ilandIsaac,theone(true)Allah.toHimwebow(inIslam)."134.thatwasapeoplethat
hathpassedaway.TheyshallreapthefruitofwhatTheydid,andyeofwhatyedo!oftheirmeritsthereisnoquestionInyourcase!

15.1

StingyGardenersinDialogue 68:1733

17.VerilywehavetriedthemAswetriedthepeopleofthegarden,whenTheyresolvedtogathertheFruitsofthe(garden)Inthemorning.18.butmadeno
reservation,("IfitbeAllahsWill").19.thentherecameonthe(garden)avisitationfromThyLord,(whichsweptaway)allaround,whileTheywereasleep.20.
sothe(garden)became,bythemorning,likeadarkanddesolatespot,(whosefruithadbeengathered).21.Asthemorningbroke,Theycalledout,oneto
another,22."Goyetoyourtilth(betimes)Inthemorning,ifyewouldgatherthefruits."
23.soTheydeparted,conversingInsecretlowtones,(saying)24."LetnotasingleindigentpersonbreakInuponyouintothe(garden)ThisDay."25.andThey
openedthemorning,strongInan(unjust)resolve.26.butwhenTheysawthe(garden),Theysaid:"WehavesurelylostOurway:27."Indeedweareshutout
(oftheFruitsofOurlabour)!"
28.saidoneofthem,morejust(thantherest):"DidInotsaytoyou,'Whynotglorify((Allah))?'"29.Theysaid:"GlorytoOurLord!Verilywehavebeendoing
wrong!"
30.thenTheyturned,oneagainstanother,Inreproach.31.Theysaid:"Alasforus!wehaveindeedtransgressed!32."ItmaybethatOurLordwillgiveusIn
exchangeabetter(garden)thanthis:forwedoturntoHim(inrepentance)!"33.suchisthepunishment(inThislife);butgreateristhepunishmentInthe
Hereafter,ifonlyTheyknew!

15.3

DialoguebetweenMusa(AS)andFirown 26:950

9.andVerily,ThyLordisHe,theExaltedInMight,MostMerciful.10.Behold,ThyLordcalledMoses:"Gotothepeopleofiniquity,
11. "The people of the
Pharaoh:willTheynotfearAllah."12.Hesaid:"OMyLord!IdofearthatTheywillchargemewithfalsehood:13."Mybreastwillbestraitened.andMyspeech
maynotgo(smoothly):sosenduntoAaron.14."And(further),TheyhaveachargeofcrimeagainstMe;andIfearTheymayslayme."15.Allahsaid:"Byno
means!proceedthen,bothofyou,withOurSigns;wearewithyou,andwilllisten(toyourcall).16."Sogoforth,bothofyou,toPharaoh,andsay:'Wehave
beensentbytheLordandCherisheroftheworlds;
17."'SendThouwithustheChildrenofIsrael.'"18.(Pharaoh)said:"DidwenotcherishTheeAsachildamongus,andDidstThounotstayInOurmidstmany
yearsofThylife?
19."AndThouDidstadeedofThinewhich(thouknowest)Thoudidst,andThouartanungrateful(wretch)!"20.Mosessaid:"Ididitthen,whenIwasInerror.
21."SoIfledfromyou(all)whenIfearedyou;butMyLordhas(since)investedmewithJudgment(andwisdom)andappointedmeAsoneoftheapostles.22.
"And This is the favour with which Thou dost reproach me, that Thou hast enslaved the Children of Israel!" 23. Pharaoh said: "And what is the 'Lord and
Cherisher of the worlds'?" 24. (Moses) said: "The Lord and Cherisher of the heavens and the earth, and all between, if ye Want to be Quite sure." 25.
(Pharaoh)saidtothosearound:"Didyenotlisten(towhatHesays)?"
26.(Moses)said:"YourLordandtheLordofyourfathersfromthebeginning!"27.(Pharaoh)said:"Trulyyourapostlewhohasbeensenttoyouisaveritable
madman!"
28.(Moses)said:"Lordoftheeastandthewest,andallbetween!ifyeonlyhadsense!"29.(Pharaoh)said:"IfThoudostputforwardanygodotherthanme,I
willcertainlyputTheeInprison!"30.(Moses)said:"EvenifIshowedyousomethingClear(and)convincing?"31.(Pharaoh)said:"Showitthen,ifThoutellest
thetruth!"32.so(Moses)threwHisrod,andBehold,itwasaserpent,plain(foralltosee)!33.andHedrewoutHishand,andBehold,itwaswhitetoall
beholders!34.(Pharaoh)saidtotheChiefsaroundhim:"Thisisindeedasorcererwellversed:35."HisplanistogetyououtofyourlandbyHissorcery;then
whatisityecounsel?"36.Theysaid:"KeepHimandHisbrotherInsuspense(forawhile),anddispatchtothecitiesheraldstocollect37."Andbringupto
Theeall(our)sorcererswellversed."38.sothesorcerersweregottogetherfortheappointmentofaDaywellknown,39.andthepeopleweretold:"Areye
(now)assembled?40."Thatwemayfollowthesorcerers(inreligion)ifTheywin?"
41.sowhenthesorcerersarrived,TheysaidtoPharaoh:"Ofcourseshallwehavea(suitable)rewardifwewin?42.Hesaid:"Yea,(andmore),foryeshallIn
thatcasebe(raisedtoposts)nearest(toMyperson)."43.Mosessaidtothem:"Throwyethatwhichyeareabouttothrow!"44.soTheythrewtheirropes
andtheirrods,andsaid:"BythemightofPharaoh,itiswewhowillcertainlywin!"45.thenMosesthrewHisrod,when,Behold,itstraightwayswallowsupall
thefalsehoodswhichTheyfake!
46.thendidthesorcerersfalldown,prostrateInadoration,47.saying:"WebelieveIntheLordoftheWorlds,48."TheLordofMosesandAaron."49.said
(Pharaoh):"BelieveyeInHimbeforeIgiveyoupermission?surelyHeisyourleader,whohastaughtyousorcery!butsoonshallyeknow!Verily,Iwillcutoff
yourhandsandyourfeetonoppositesides,andIwillcrucifyyouall.50."BesureIwillcutoffyourhandsandyourfeetonoppositesides,andIwillcauseyou
alltodieonthecross!"51.Theysaid:"Nomatter!forus,weshallbutreturntoOurLord!52."Only,OurdesireisthatOurLordwillforgiveusOurfaults,thatwemaybecome
foremostamongthebelievers!"

16 ThePlacementofQuranicStories

16.1

TheAdam(AS)NarrativeinAlBaqarah(3038)

( )

()

( )

26.Allahdisdainsnottousethesimilitudeofthings,lowestAswellAshighest.thosewhobelieveknowthatitistruthfromtheirLord;butthosewhorejectFaithsay:"What
meansAllahbyThissimilitude?"byitHecausesmanytostray,andmanyHeleadsintotherightpath;butHecausesnottostray,exceptthosewhoforsake(thepath),27.those
whobreakAllah.sCovenantafteritisratified,andwhosunderwhatAllahhasorderedtobejoined,anddomischiefonearth:thesecauseloss(only)tothemselves.28.Howcan
ye reject the Faith In Allah. seeing that ye were without life, and He gave you life; then will He cause you to die, and will again bring you to life; and again to Him will ye
return.29. it is He who hath created for you all things that are on earth; Moreover His design comprehended the heavens, for He gave order and perfection to the seven
firmaments;andofallthingsHehathperfectknowledge.30.Behold,ThyLordsaidtotheangels:"Iwillcreateavicegerentonearth."Theysaid:"WiltThouplacethereinone
whowillmakemischiefthereinandshedblood?whilstwedocelebrateThypraisesandglorifyThyholy(name)?"Hesaid:"Iknowwhatyeknownot."31.andHetaughtAdam
thenatureofallthings;thenHeplacedthembeforetheangels,andsaid:"Tellmethenatureoftheseifyeareright.

16.2

TheNarrativeofNuhin11:2327

( )

( )

()

23.butthosewhobelieveandworkrighteousness,andhumblethemselvesbeforetheirLord,TheywillbecompanionsoftheGardens,todwellthereinforaye!
24.thesetwokinds(ofmen)maybecomparedtotheblindandDeaf,andthosewhocanseeandHearwell.areTheyequalwhencompared?willyenotthentakeheed?
25.wesentNoahtoHispeople(withamission):"IhavecometoyouwithaClearWarning:26."ThatyeservenonebutAllah.VerilyIdofearforyouthepenaltyofagrievous
Day."27.buttheChiefsoftheunbelieversamongHispeoplesaid:"Wesee(in)Theenothingbutamanlikeourselves:nordoweseethatanyfollowTheebutthemeanest
amongus,InJudgmentimmature:nordoweseeInyou(all)anymeritaboveus:Infactwethingyeareliars!"

16:3

ThePeopleofthecase18:18

( )

( )

( )

( )

()
( )

1.PraisebetoAllah,whohathsenttoHisservanttheandhathallowedthereinnoCrookedness:
2. (He hath made it) straight (and Clear) In order that may warn (the godless) of a terrible punishment from him, and that He may glad tidings to the believers who work
righteousdeeds,thatTheyshallagoodlyreward,
3.whereinTheyshallremainforever:
4.further,thatHemaywarnthose(also)whosay,hathbegottenason":
5.noknowledgehaveTheyofsuchathing,norhadtheiritisagrievousthingthatissuesfromtheirmouthsAsasayingwhatsayisnothingbutfalsehood!
6.Thouwouldstonly,perchance,fretThyselftodeath,afterthem,Ingrief,ifTheybelievenotInThisMessage.
7.thatwhichisonearthwehavemadebutAsaShowfortheearth,InorderthatwemaytestthemAstowhichofarebestInconduct.
8.VerilywhatisonearthweshallmakebutAsdustandsoil(withoutgrowthorherbage).

16.4

TheStoryofTalootin2:244246

()

( )

()

244.thenFightInthecauseofAllah,andknowthatAllahhearethandknowethallthings.245.whoisHethatwillloantoAllahabeautifulloan,whichAllahwilldoubleuntoHis
creditandmultiplymanytimes?itisAllahthatgiveth(you)Wantorplenty,andtoHimshallbeyourreturn.246.hastThounotturnedThyvisiontotheChiefsoftheChildrenof
Israelafter(thetimeof)Moses?Theysaidtoaprophet(Thatwas)amongthem:"Appointforusaking,thatwemayFightInthecauseofAllah."Hesaid:"Isitnotpossible,ifye
werecommandedtofight,thatthatyewillnotfight?"Theysaid:"HowcouldwerefusetoFightInthecauseofAllah,seeingthatwewereturnedoutofOurhomesandOur
families?"butwhenTheywerecommandedtofight,Theyturnedback,exceptasmallbandamongthem.butAllahhasfullknowledgeofthosewhodowrong.

()

( )

()

16.5

TheEncounterofIbrahim(AS)withthetyrantruler 2:256258

256.lettherebenocompulsionInreligion:truthstandsoutClearfromerror:WhoeverrejectsevilandbelievesInAllahhathgraspedtheMosttrustworthyhandhold,that
neverbreaks.andAllahhearethandknowethallthings.257.AllahistheProtectorofthosewhohavefaith:fromthedepthsofdarknessHewillleadthemforthintolight.of
thosewhorejectFaiththepatronsaretheevilones:fromlightTheywillleadthemforthintothedepthsofdarkness.Theywillbecompanionsofthefire,todwelltherein(for
ever).258.hastThounotturnedThyvisiontoonewhodisputedwithAbrahamaboutHisLord,becauseAllahhadgrantedHimpower?Abrahamsaid:"MyLordisHewhogiveth
lifeanddeath."Hesaid:"Igivelifeanddeath".saidAbraham:"ButitisAllahthatcauseththesuntorisefromtheeast:doThouthencauseHimtorisefromtheWest."Thuswas
Heconfoundedwho(inarrogance)rejectedFaith.nordothAllahgiveguidancetoapeopleunjust.

17 QuranicCriticismsofVariousModesofFalseReasoning
17.1

Thethreatofforceindebate

()

68.Theysaid,"BurnHimandprotectyourgods,ifyedo(anythingatall)!"

17.2

Characterassassination

36.whentheunbelieversseethee,TheytreatTheenotexceptwithridicule."Is
this,"(Theysay),"Theonewhotalksofyourgods?"andTheyblasphemeatthe
mentionof((Allah))MostGracious!

52."AmInotbetterthanThis(Moses),whoisacontemptiblewretchandcan
scarcelyexpressHimselfclearly?

17.3

Stirringupanemotionalcrowd

63. They said: "These two are certainly (expert) magicians: their object is to
driveyououtfromyourlandwiththeirMagic,andtodoawaywithyourMost
cherishedinstitutions.64."Thereforeconcertyourplan,andthenassembleIn
(serried)ranks:Hewins(Allalong)todaywhogainstheupperhand."

17.5

43:52

20:6364

( )
()

21:5253

Torephrasetheopponentspositionfalselyand thentorefuteit

59. the similitude of Jesus before Allah is As that of Adam; He created

Himfromdust,thensaidtohim:"Be".andHewas.

()

21:36

Tomaketheopponentquestiontheirownmodestyorloyalty

52. Behold! He said to His father and His people, "What are these images, to
whichyeare(soassiduously)devoted?"
53.Theysaid,"WefoundOurfathersworshippingthem."

17.6

()

()

21:68

3:59

18 AssortedGems&Conclusion

)(

74:3

18.1

2:143

18.2

48:15

18.3

76:5;76:17;76:21

18.4

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(


)(

) (

)(

) (

)(

)(

)(

)(

23:68;38:29;4:82;47:24

18.5

31:14

18.8

ThisQuran

18.7

6:19;10:37;12:3;17:9;17:41;17:89;18:54;25:30;27:76;30:58;34:31;39:27;41:26;43:31;59:21
(Thatbook). (ThisQuran).2:2includesthephrase: Allincludethephrase: