Stanford University EPGY

Math Olympiad

Problem Set: Product and Sum Rules

1. A true or false exam has ten questions. How many possible answer keys are there? 2. Out of nine dierent pairs of shoes, in how many ways could I choose a right shoe and a left shoe, which should not form a pair? 3. In how many ways can the following prizes be given away to a class of twenty boys: rst and second Classical, rst and second Mathematical, rst Science, and rst French? 4. Under old hardware, a certain programme accepted passwords of the form eell where e {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}, l {a, b, c, d, u, v, w, x, y, z}. The hardware was changed and now the software accepts passwords of the form eeelll. How many more passwords of the latter kind are there than of the former kind? 5. A license plate is to be made according to the following provision: it has four characters, the rst two characters can be any letter of the English alphabet and the last two characters can be any digit. One is allowed to repeat letters and digits. How many dierent license plates can be made? 6. In the previous problem, how many dierent license plates can you make if (i) you may repeat letters but not digits?, (ii) you may repeat digits but not letters?, (iii) you may repeat neither letters nor digits? 7. An alphabet consists of the ve consonants {p, v, t, s, k} and the three vowels {a, e, o}. A license plate is to be made using four letters of this alphabet. (a) How many letters does this alphabet have? (b) If a license plate is of the form CCV V where C denotes a consonant and V denotes a vowel, how many possible license plates are there, assuming that you may repeat both consonants and vowels? (c) If a license plate is of the form CCV V where C denotes a consonant and V denotes a vowel, how many possible license plates are there, assuming that you may repeat consonants but not vowels? (d) If a license plate is of the form CCV V where C denotes a consonant and V denotes a vowel, how many possible license plates are there, assuming that you may repeat vowels but not consonants?
Summer 2008 1 Problem Set: Product and Sum Rules

Stanford University EPGY

Math Olympiad

(e) If a license plate is of the form LLLL where L denotes any letter of the alphabet, how many possible license plates are there, assuming that you may not repeat letters? 8. How many distinct six-digit numbers that are multiples of 5 can be formed from the list of digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} if we allow repetition? 9. Telephone numbers in Land of the Flying Camels have 7 digits, and the only digits available are {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}. No telephone number may begin in 0, 1 or 5. Find the number of telephone numbers possible that meet the following criteria: (a) You may repeat all digits. (b) (c) (d) (e) You You You You may may may may not repeat any of the digits. repeat the digits, but the phone number must be even. repeat the digits, but the phone number must be odd. not repeat the digits and the phone numbers must be odd.

10. How many positive integers are there having n 1 digits? 11. How many n-digit even integers (n 1) are there? 12. How many n-digit nonnegative integers do not contain the digit 5? 13. How many n-digit numbers do not have the digit 0? 14. How many positive divisors does 28 39 52 have?

Summer 2008

Problem Set: Product and Sum Rules