4.7.

5 Probability of Bit error for Binary DPSK

Let the BPSK signal set be:

2E x1 (t ) = cos ( 0t + ) 0 t T T 2E x2 (t ) = cos (0t + ) 0 t T T

or DPSK signaling we are transmitting each bit with binary signal pair: s (t ) = ( x , x ) or ( x , x ) 0 t 2T
1 1 1 2 2

s2 (t ) = ( x1 , x2 ) or

( x2 , x1 )

0 t 2T

Note that s1(t) and s2(t) can have two possible forms where x1(t) and x2(t) are antipodal signals.

Therefore correlation between s1(t) and s2(t) for any combination of forms can be written as:
2T

z (2T ) =

s ( t )s
1 0

( t ) dt

= [ x1 (t ) ] dt [ x1 (t ) ] dt = 0
2 2 0 0

Therefore pairs of DPSK signals can be represented as orthogonal signals 2T seconds long.

Figure 4.26: DPSK detection. (a) 4channel differentially coherent detection of binary DPSK.

Figure 4.26: DPSK detection. (b) Equivalent 2channel detector for binary DPSK

4.7.5 Probability of Bit error for Binary DPSK

Eb 1 PB = exp N 2 0
Theoretical performance for COPSK and DPSK is shown here for an AWGN channel BER for COPSK is exactly the same as that derived for bipolar (antipodal) baseband transmission

4.8 M-ary Signaling and Performance 4.8.1 Ideal Probability of Bit Error Performance
Typical probability of error versus Eb/N0 curve has a waterfall like shape The ideal curve displays the characteristics as the Shannon limit The limit represents the threshold Eb/N0 below which reliable communication cannot be maintained Ideal Curve: For all values of Eb/N0 above the Shannon limit of -1.6dB, PB is zero Once Eb/N0 is reduced below the Shannon limit, PB degrades to worse case value of

Figure: 4.27 Ideal PB versus Eb/N0

4.8.2 M-ary Signaling

In M-ary signaling the processor, considers k bits at a time and modulates one of M=2k waveforms K=1 implies binary signaling Trick question: Does M-ary signaling improve or degrade error performance? Lets review the next two figures before answering the question

Figure 4.28: Bit error probability for Coherently detected M-ary orthogonal signaling.

Figure 4.29: Bit error probability for coherently detected multiple phase signaling

It appears that M-ary signaling produces improved error performance with orthogonal signaling and degraded error performance with multiple phase signaling This result poses two more questions: Why is multiple phase PSK signaling used in systems if it provides degraded error performance compared to binary PSK signaling? Is error probability Eb/N0 , the only performance criterion? Bandwidth: Another performance criterion In Figure 4.28, increase in k increases the required bandwidth For M-ary multiple phase curves in Figure 4.29, increase in k implies that larger bit rate can be transmitted within the same bandwidth (or for fixed data rate, the required bandwidth is decreased)