Slurry Density Vs Material Concentration

Slurry density vs material concentration
1,400
Slurry density [kg/m3]
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Material concentration [%]
70
80
90
100
Material properties
Material
Top size
Bulk density in
pneumatic
conveyor
Bulk density in
mechanical
conveyor
Bulk density Bulk density Design Angle of Steel silo

in silos for
in silos for moisture repose
cone
Abrasiveness
volume
load
calculation calculation
d.b
t/m3
d.b
t/m3
1.5
1.4
1.48
1.5
1
0.8
0.8
d.b
t/m3
1.6
1.5
1.58
1.6
1.25
0.95
0.95
d.b
t/m3
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.3
w.b.
%
10.6
15.6
10.9
10.6
23.7
24.1
24.1
1.45
1.4
1.25
0.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
0.9
Limestone
Overburden
Lst&Overburden Mix
HG Limestone crushed
Pyrite
Moscow Ash
Ryazan Ash
mm
800
800
100
100
50
20
20
Raw mill feed

Raw mill reject
Kiln feed/Raw meal
Raw mill/Kiln filter dust
100
70
9% 90 m
2% 90 m
0.8
0.4
1.35
1.3
1
0.5
Raw coal
Fine coal
50
12% 90 m
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.9
0.5
Clinker
Off Std Clinker
Clinker dust
5% 25mm
5% 25mm
2
1.4
1.2
1.1
10
50
Slag as received
Gypsum as received
Cement not aerated
grd
38
40
37
37
35
35
35
grd
20
5
7
15
9
0
7
12.3
10
0.5
0
37
37
15
20
medium
medium
low
low
1
0.8
7.7
1
40
20
low
low
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
0
0
0
34
34
20
45
45
high
high
high
1.1
1.28
1.2
1.44
1.3
1.6
12
5
40
40
20
15
high
low
0.95
1.2
1.6
low
low
low
low
high
low
low
Slurry is a mixture of solids and liquid. The density of a slurry can be calculated as
m = 100 / (cw / s + (100 - cw) / l) (1)
The slurry concentration by weight can be measured by evaporating a known weight of slurry and measuring the
weight of dried solids.
cw
s
l
m
concentration of solids by weight in the slurry
density of the solids
kg/m3
density of the liquid
kg/m3
density of slurry
kg/m3
90
1,350
1,000
1,304
10
1,000
1,027
20
1,055
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1,084
1,116
1,150
1,184
1,222
1,262
1,304
1,350
Massflow Calculation
Raw Materials
t/week,
wet
Correctives
(Sand,Ore,
Crusher
Laterite, etc.)
Rawmeal-Clinker ratio
Moisture contents
Raw mix components
t/h
Storage
Raw Meal
t/h
Raw mill
t/h
Clinker
t/y , t/d
Additives
Clinker storage
(Slag, Fly Ash,

Gypsum,
Limestone,etc.)
Heat consumption
kJ/kg cli
Fuel
Cement
t/h
t/y ,
t/d
Cement mill
Cement
Blending
Cement Silo
Kiln size
t/h
t
Cement Despatch
Bulk loading
t/h
HES/CBa,03/06/2013
Pack house
bags/h
Massflow Scheme 2
132668590.xls]
Kind of car washing

activity
Washing cars by hand with a
hose
Conventional car wash
installation
Car wash installation with
water recycling system
Beverages
Milk
Distilled water
Beer
Coffee
Orange juice
Soft drinks
Cola
Wines
(Stomach acid)
(Battery acid)
Average drinking water

consumption per car wash
installation
400 liters
150 liters
10-50 liters
pH
6.5
5.8
4.0-5.0
2.5-3.5
3.5
2.0-4.0
2.5
2.3-3.8
1.0-2.0
1.0
Drinking ,Cooling and process water chemistry requirements

Cooling water recycled
Calcium (Ca )
Magnesium (Mg2+)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Alcalinity (CaCO3)
50
130
200
Process
consumpti
on
mg/l
50
130
200
Sulphate (SO42-)
Chloride (Cl-)
Nitrate (NO3-)
200
500
50
200
500
50
TDS
Iron (Fe)
Manganese (Mn)
1000
0.1
0.05
1000
0.1
0.05
mg/l
2+
Ammonia (NH4-)
Organic matter (KMnO4)
0.1
6
quirements
Drinking water
mg/l
50
-
200
250
250
50
1000
0.2
0.05
0.5
-
Width
mm
400
400
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
600
800
800
800
800
800
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.400
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.800
Side wall
height mm
100
150
200
250
300
150
200
250
300
350
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
200
250
300
350
400
250
300
350
400
450
250
300
350
400
450
250
Plate
thickness
mm
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
0.10
12
19
26
33
40
28
39
50
60
71
52
66
81
95
109
65
83
101
119
137
78
99
121
143
164
116
141
166
192
217
132
161
190
219
248
149
Conveying speed m/s

0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
17
23
29
35
28
37
47
56
39
52
65
78
50
66
83
99
60
81
101
121
42
56
70
84
58
78
97
117
75
99
124
149
91
121
151
181
107
143
178
214
78
104
130
156
99
132
166
199
121
161
202
242
143
190
238
285
164
219
274
328
97
130
162
194
124
166
207
248
151
202
252
302
178
238
297
356
205
274
342
410
117
156
194
233
149
199
248
298
181
242
302
363
214
285
365
428
246
328
410
492
174
232
290
348
212
282
353
423
249
333
416
499
287
383
479
575
325
433
542
650
199
265
331
397
242
323
403
484
285
380
475
570
328
438
547
657
372
495
619
743
224
298
373
447
1.800
300
6
181
272
363
454
544
1.800
350
6
214
321
428
535
642
1.800
400
6
246
369
492
616
739
1.800
450
6
279
418
557
697
836
2.000
250
6
166
248
331
414
497
2.000
300
6
202
302
403
504
605
2.000
350
6
238
356
475
594
713
2.000
400
6
274
410
547
684
821
2.000
450
6
310
464
619
774
929
2.200
250
6
182
273
364
455
546
2.200
300
6
222
333
444
554
665
2.200
350
6
261
392
523
653
784
2.200
400
6
301
451
602
752
903
2.200
450
6
341
511
681
851 1.022
2.400
250
6
199
298
397
497
596
2.400
300
6
242
363
484
605
726
2.400
350
6
285
428
570
713
855
2.400
400
6
328
492
657
821
985
2.400
450
6
372
557
743
929 1.115
The indicated conveying capacities correspond to a brimful filling (water filling) = 100%
eed m/s
0.35
40
66
91
116
141
98
136
174
212
249
181
232
282
333
383
227
290
353
416
479
272
348
423
499
575
406
494
582
670
759
464
564
665
766
867
522
Permissible
0.40 filling degree
46
80%
75
80%
104
80%
132
80%
161
80%
112
80%
156
80%
199
80%
242
80%
285
80%
207
90%
265
90%
323
90%
380
90%
438
90%
259
100%
331
100%
403
100%
475
100%
547
100%
311
100%
397
100%
484
100%
570
100%
657
100%
464
100%
564
100%
665
100%
766
100%
867
100%
530
110%
645
110%
760
110%
876
110%
991
110%
596
110%
635
748
862
975
580
706
832
958
1.084
638
776
915
1.053
1.192
696
847
998
1.149
1.300
100%
726
855
985
1.115
662
806
950
1.094
1.238
729
887
1.045
1.204
1.362
795
968
1.140
1.313
1.486
110%
110%
110%
110%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
120%
Recirculating water [m3/h]

Q=2 x 360 mc/h
Warm water
Total
Cooling tower Cooling
tower
280
280
Temperature
Warm water tank
Temperature
Raw mill
51.0
Production
development
22.5
Preheater
precalciner
compressor
room
72.4
Kiln
17.2
B5
356.36
96%
30-35
350 m3
Leakage of
recycled water
25-27
14.85
Cooling water tank

350 m3
Recirculation water pump
Clinker
cooling
station including water treatment
14.5
9.6
Cement
grinding
Q=2x360 mc/h
188.0
Truck washing
consumption
10.6
Recycled water
B4 371.2
Incoming water [m3/h]

From Oka river
B7
73.3
50
Discharge to
the pond
storage
Storm
water
treatment
facilities
Incoming
water tank
with a
firefighting
reserve
Incoming
water tank
with a
firefighting
reserve
Storm
water tank
mc
7.0
15.7
7.6
53.4
Cooling tower
Conditioning tower
Cement mill
Total
9.4
8.6
Raw mill
Potable water
14.5
Leakage of recycled water
Second stage Recirculation

pump station water pump
station
including
water
treatment
K2
K2H
241
Storm
water from
the site
B1
Trucks washing consumption 10.6
Industrial water B3
2500
63.9
B2
Water for fire fighting
9.4
Potable water
Water for fighting
Consumed Water for process
Recycled water for process
Warm water for the process
Incoming river water
Domestic sewage
Storm water sewage
Pressure storm water sewage
Storm water
Hq
Ht
h
h
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B7
K1
K2
K2H
mc/h
9.4
63.9
371.2
356.4
73.3
21.1
241.0
393 mm
Qh =
10 x Hq x(F1x33,88+F2x32,29)
105,899 m3/y
167 mm
Qt=
10 x Htx(F1x33,88+F2x32,29)
44,998 m /y
33.88
Qm
NxnxFmxfm
32.29
QTotal
4,108 m3/y
155,005 m3/y
qw
### m3/h
Water Consumption
Design Data
Existing Plant
Shurovo Expansion Example
Kilns capacity
tpd clinker
1,680
5,500
3,000
Total clinker production
tpy clinker
867,972
1,666,225
908,850
Kiln Gross OEE
71%
83%
83%
Clinker / cement factor
0.85
0.79
0.79
1,021,144
2,098,520
1,144,647
Natural gas
Natural gas (Future

Coal/Petcoke utilization
foreseen in Layout)
Total cement production
tpy cement
Fuel
Specific heat energy consumption
MJ/kg clinker
5784 / 6018
3600
Specific consumption of electrical energy

Water consumption
kWh/tcement
119.5
100
m /y
815,910
579,552
263,989
m3/h
93
66
30
0.799
0.276
0.231
m /y
1,994,463
2,799,236
1,537,008
m3/h
322
385
211
1.953
1.334
1.343
m3/tcement
Water recycling
m /tcement
3
Water consumption
815,910
93
0.799
570,994
65
0.272
263,989
30
0.231
m/d
m3/h
m3/y
%
450
0.500
9.38
82,125
10.07%
450
0.500
9.38
82,125
14.38%
225
0.500
4.69
41,063
15.55%
trucks/d
m/truck
m3/d
%
m3/h
m3/d
m3/y
%
169
10
1690
15.00%
10.56
254
92,528
11.34%
169
10
1690
15.00%
10.56
254
92,528
16.20%
92
10
920
15.00%
5.75
138
50,370
19.08%
8.60
7.00
15.67
7.60
15.65
54.51
3.1
2.5
5.7
2.7
5.7
19.7
641,258
396,341
172,557
78.59%
69.41%
65.37%
8,039,000
918
7.87
2,799,414
320
1.33
1,537,008
211
0.231
m3/y
m3/h
m3/tcement
B1 - Potable Water
Number of employees
Consumption per FTE
Water consumption
B3 - Truck Washing Consumption

Maximum expected average washings
Consumption per wash
Total water
Water consumption
B3 - Consumed Industrial Water

Raw Mill
Cooling tower
Conditioning tower
Cement mill
Leackeage of recycled water 5%
Total water
Water recycling
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/y
%
m3/y
m3/h
m3/tcement
B4 - Industrial consumption
Raw mill
Production development
Preheater precalciner
Kiln
Clinker cooling
Cement grinding
Total
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/y
%
7,514,678
51.0
12.5
72.4
17.2
9.6
150.3
312.9
2,275,091
81%
22.0
12.5
18.0
11.0
35.0
98.5
716,174
47%
B4 - Truck Washing Consumption

Water consumption
K1 - Sewage (from Offices, Showers

etc) / Kanalisation
trucks/d
m/truck
m3/d
m3/h
%
m3/d
m3/y
%
169
10
1690
70.42
85.00%
1,437
524,323
6.52%
169
10
1690
70.42
85.00%
1,437
524,323
18.73%
92
10
920
38.33
85.00%
782
285,430
18.57%
m3/y
185,000
185,000
92,475
Infrastructure in Shurovo (Numbers for Permitting and Communication to Authorities)
Electricity Consumption
Consumption
Yearly Energy Consumption
Existing Shurovo Grey

Cement Plant
New Shurovo Grey

Expansion Project
Existing Shurovo
White Cement
13 267 4484 kWh
500 000
13 286 543 kWh
External (None
Process Related)
Total new Grey + White
513 286 543
2 x 25 MVA (including the

needs for 3rd consumers as
Transformers (Installed power) (gray cementKBM,
plant)village, )
Peak Daily Demand
25 000 kW
Average Daily Demand
15 145 kW
Specific Power consumption per t of Cement (kWh/t)
122
Required grid power
Required grid voltage level
110kV
Short circuit capacity
2 x 25 MVA existing + 2 x
25 MVA new
36 000 kW
23 000 kW
100
90 MVA
110kV
?
Power grid quality

Power factor correction (cos Phi)
Power dip (brown out) > 30%
Meetering (CT, VT, Counters - class ?)
Voltage fluctoations
Frecuency
Tap changers
0.95
less than 15%
4 quadrant static meeters
%
50Hz
1.25% x 12
0.9
32/29770
7/17400
<10
<10
<10
13/10720
6/6000
23
16
5
24/22520
<30
13/11060
43
200
820416
606000
0.6
3600
19
105,000
93,000
220
925,416
699,000
0.6
3600/ 11829
Plant power distribution

Amount of MV-Motors
Synchro motors
Amount of MV VFD's (>1500 kW)
Short circuit capacity
Amount of transformers MV/LV
0.9
%
50Hz
Gas Demand
Yearly Demand (Mio m3/year)
157
Maximum Dayly Demand (m3/day)
600712
Average Dayly Demand (m3/day)
390,095
Required Pressure at Plant border (Mpa)
0.6
Specific thermal energy consumption per t of Cement
5808(kJ/kg clinker)
6kV
10000 kW
?
2 x 25 MVA existing + 2 x 25 MVA

new
49 000 kW
24 517 kW
100/235
90 MVA
110 kV and 6 kV
0.92
less than 15%
less 5%
50Hz
1.25% x 12
11,829
The FS has outlined a rail/truck ratio of 50/50. Yet, we will apply for worst case scenario's in the Technical
Conditions, exaggerating each of the transport modes (80%)
Railway A71
Inbound (Yearly)
3 000 kW
1 517 kW
235
3532 wagons/year, 229'606

materials
28681 wagons/year,
1'864'304 tons material
329 wagons/year,
21'000 tons material
Comments
29'010 wagons/year, 1'885'305 tons

material
Yes, we are required to cover with one transformer the complete plant dem
The 3rd transformator is highly unlikely to receive. This capacity could be
Max. Inbound (Dayly)+ Month (Wagons/day)

28 wagons/day
Outbound (Yearly)
7313 wagons/year, 495'144

tons cement
39 wagons/july 26th, 803

Max. Outbound (Dayly)+ Month (Wagons/day)
wagons/month
Max. Inbound (daily)+ Month

Outbound (Yearly)
14 wagons/day, 350
wagons/month
150 wagons/day, 3'760

wagons/month
The days per month of

operation is 25
25'385 wagons/year,
1'650'000 tons cement
340 wagons/year,
21'716 tons cement
25'725 wagons/year, 1'672'000 tons

cement
The average wagon load is 65

tons

wagons/month
2 wagons/ july 26th,

803 wagons per month

wagons/month
The FS has outlined a rail/truck ratio of 50/50. Yet, we will apply for worst case scenario's in the Technical
Conditions, exaggerating each of the transport modes (80%)
Road
Inbound (Yearly)

wagons/month
23185 trucks/year empty
55'000 trucks/year empty
152 trucks/june 19th empty
244 trucks/daily empty,

8 trucks/daily, 200
6'094 trucks monthly empty trucks monthly empty
252 trucks daily empty, 6'300 trucks

monthly empty
The days per month of

operation is 25
23185 trucks/year, 596700

tons cement
55'000 trucks/year,
1'650'000 tons cement
1400 trucks/year,
42'000 tons cement
57'000 trucks/year, 1'700'000 tons

cement
The average truck load is 30

tons
152 trucks/june 19th
244 trucks/daily, 6'094

trucks monthly
8 trucks/daily, 200
trucks monthly
252 trucks daily cement, 6'300 trucks

monthly
Max. Outbound (daily)+ Month
Water
Consumed Water
Total Consumed Water (m3/year)
815910
Consumed Industrial Water (Leakage, loss, water
586110
spray) (m3/year)
Truck Washing Consumption (m3/year)
0
Potable Water
229800
Recycled Industrial Water (closed system) (m3/year)
8039000
Recirculated Industrial Water (m3/year)
8039000
Truck Washing Recirculation (m3/year)
0
462000
253000
110000
99000
2233000
1650000
583000
Sewage (from Offices, Showers etc) / Kanalisation

Yearly Sewage
185000
185000
62090
45890
0
16200 Check
0
0
0
524090
298890
110000
115200
2233000
1650000
583000
Could be less due to decrease in personnel

Yes, Michael, after discussion with Vyacheslav and William, we can proba
plete plant demand and additional 3rd consumers. The demand of the 3rd consumers will be calculated by the respective electricity organ in the technical conditions. We submit only the future demand
city could be included in the 2 X 40 and will result in 2 x 63 MVA (standard capacity which is expected to be received in the technical conditions)
we can probably reduce this with 20 - 30%
Water Consumption
Design Data
Existing Plant
Shurovo Expansion
Kilns capacity
tpd clinker
1,680
5,500
Total clinker production
tpy clinker
867,972
1,666,225
Kiln Gross OEE
71%
83%
Clinker / cement factor
0.85
0.79
1,021,144
2,098,520
Natural gas
Natural gas (Future

Coal/Petcoke utilization
foreseen in Layout)
Total cement production
tpy cement
Fuel
Specific heat energy consumption
MJ/kg clinker
5784 / 6018
3600
Specific consumption of electrical energy

Water consumption
kWh/tcement
119.5
100
m /y
815,910
579,552
m3/h
93
66
0.799
0.276
1,994,463
2,799,236
322
385
1.953
1.334
m3/tcement
Water recycling
m3/y
m /h
3
m /tcement
3
Water consumption
815,910
587,869
93
0.799
67
0.280
m/d
m3/y
%
450
0.500
82,125
10.07%
450
0.500
99,000
16.84%
trucks/d
m/truck
m3/d
%
m3/d
m3/y
%
169
10
1690
15.00%
254
92,528
11.34%
169
10
1690
15.00%
254
92,528
15.74%
m3/y
m /h
m3/tcement
3
Potable Water
Number of employees
Consumption per FTE
Water consumption
Truck Washing Consumption

Total water
Water consumption
Consumed Industrial Water

Raw Mill
Cooling tower
Conditioning tower
Cement mill
Leackeage of recycled water 5%
Total water
Water recyrculation
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/y
%
m3/y
8.60
7.00
15.67
7.60
15.65
54.51
641,258
396,341
78.59%
67.42%
8,039,000
2,799,414
m3/h
m3/tcement
918
7.87
320
1.33
Industrial consumption
Raw mill
Production development
Preheater precalciner
Kiln
Clinker cooling
Cement grinding
Total
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/h
m3/y
%
7,514,678
51.0
12.5
72.4
17.2
9.6
150.3
312.9
2,275,091
81%
Truck Washing Consumption

Water consumption
Sewage (from Offices, Showers

etc) / Kanalisation
trucks/d
m/truck
m3/d
%
m3/d
m3/y
%
m3/y
169
10
1690
85.00%
1,437
524,323
6.52%
169
10
1690
85.00%
1,437
524,323
18.73%
185,000
185,000
Recommended size of horizontal storm drains below or above ground can be found in the table below. The drained area may be roofs, paved courtyards or similar.
Area to be drained
Drain pipe diameter
Slope of
1%
mm
inches
m2
2%
ft2
m2
ft2
80
75
820
110
1180
100
175
1880
245
2640
150
495
5350
700
7550
200
1070
11500
1515
16300
Area to be drained
Slope of
4%
m2
ft2
150
1620
350
3770
995
10700
2135
23000
SHUROVO CEMENT EXPANSION PROJECT

OJSC Shurovsky Cement
Calculating Pressure Drop
Flow rate
Q0
Standard flow rate
G
0
Fluid density normal

Fluid density
Kinematic viscosity normal
Temperature
Altitude
Atmospheric pressure
Supplementary pressure on the start of pipe line
Absolute Pressure on the start of pipe line
Pipe properties
Nominal diameter
t
T
ASL
patm
p1
P1
Equivalent lengths of joints and fittings

Total
Safety factor
A
L0
Leq
L
F
mm
m
m2
m
m
m
%
Nominal pipe length
FxL
Free area
Nominal pipe length
Fluid
10.00
0.0028
10,000
1,000
1,001
1.34E-05
0
273
0
101,325
0
101,325
Nm3/h
Nm3/s
kg/h
kg/Nm3
kg/m3
mm2/s
o
C
o
K
m
Pa
Pa
Pa
50.0
0.050
0.0020
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
Type of pipe
22
Roughness of pipes
kr
Local constant coefficient
ksi
mm
0.0200
1.0000
Velocity and Reynolds

Gas velocity in the pipe
Reynolds
u1
m/s
1.415
u2
m/s
1.415
The boundary layer thickness
Re
5,279
Friction coefficient Re<2320
64/Re
0.0121
Blasius >kr
0,3164/Re-0,25
2.6969
Prandl Re<100000
Karman Re>100000
(2log(D/Kr)+1,14)
0.2668
Friction coefficient f(Re)

Pressure on the end of the pipe line
3
P2
Pa
0.0368
96,616
Pressure drop
Pa
4,708.84
mm
5.21
1.73
5.21
0.0368
-2
0.00
The water velocity in copper pipes should be kept within certain limits to avoid erosion, corrosion and excessive noise generation.
in cold water systems the velocities should not exceed 8 feet per second (2.4 m/s)
in hot water systems with temperatures below 140oF (60oC) the velocities should not exceed 5 feet per second
in hot water systems with temperatures above 140oF (60oC) the velocities should not exceed 2 feet per second
Be aware, and take care of, that local velocities in small pipes, bends and similar obstructions can exceed the values above.
Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Water Calculation
Page 36 of 305

should be kept within certain limits to avoid erosion, corrosion and excessive noise generation.
atures below 140oF (60oC) the velocities should not exceed 5 feet per second (1.5 m/s)
atures above 140oF (60oC) the velocities should not exceed 2 feet per second (0.6 m/s)
al velocities in small pipes, bends and similar obstructions can exceed the values above.
Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Water Calculation
Page 37 of 305
Kinematic viscosity of gases
0*(T0+C)/(T+C)*(T/T0)^3/2
=
Gas
Air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxid
Carbon monoxid
Hydrogen
Ammonia
Sulfur dioxid
Helium
C
o
K
T0
o
K
0
Pa s
t
o
C
T
o
K
Pa s
120
111
127
240
118
72
370
416
79.4
273.15
300.55
292.25
293.15
288.15
293.85
293.15
293.65
273
1.34E-05
1.78E-05
2.02E-05
1.48E-05
1.72E-05
8.76E-06
9.82E-06
1.25E-05
1.90E-05
0
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
273
316
307
308
303
309
308
309
289
1.34E-05
1.85E-05
2.10E-05
1.55E-05
1.79E-05
9.07E-06
1.03E-05
1.32E-05
1.98E-05
Roughness of the pipes

1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
2
Aluminium drawn/pressed
Aluminium drawn/pressed
Asbestos cement
Brass drawn/presed
Brass drawn/presed
Cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron
Clay
Clay drainage pipe
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete centrifugal
Concrete centrifugal
Concrete steel
Cooper drawn/pressed
Glass drawn/pressed
Glass drawn/pressed
Plastic drawn/pressed
Plastic drawn/pressed
Rubber
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel longitudinal welded
Steel weldless
Steel weldless
Steel weldless
Steel weldless
Steel weldless
Stoneware
3
new
used
new
new
used
average
incrusted
new
new
operating several year
slighty rusty
new
new
new
new rough
new smooth
operating several year
new with plastered
new without plaster
new
new
used
new
used
new
used
new smooth
after long operation cleaned
homogeneous
intensely incrusted
slighty rusty
new bituminized
new galvanized
new rolling skin
new comm. size galvanized
new neatly galvanized
new pickled
new roling skin
new unpickled
4
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
5
0.0014
0.0300
0.0650
0.0013
0.0300
1.2000
3.0000
0.1150
0.4000
1.5000
1.2500
9.0000
0.7000
1.5000
2.5000
0.5500
0.2500
0.1250
0.5000
0.1250
0.0014
0.0200
0.0014
0.0300
0.0014
0.0300
0.0016
0.1750
0.1500
3.0000
0.2750
0.0300
0.0080
0.0700
0.1300
0.0850
0.0350
0.0400
0.0450
0.2500
41
42
Wood
Wood
after long operating

new
22
used
mm
mm
mm
0.1000
0.6000
0.0200

Calculating Pressure Drop Compressible air flow
Flow rate
Type of gas (1 air/ 2 water)
Standard flow rate
Q0
2
500
0.1389
500,000
1,000.000
5,937.88
1.34E-05
1.34E-05
0
273
0
101,325
G
0
t
T
ASL
patm
Nm3/h
Nm3/s
kg/h
kg/Nm3
kg/m3
mm2/s
mm2/s
o
C
o
K
m
Pa
Pressure on the start of pipe line

p1
P1
Pa
Pa
500,000
601,325
Pipe properties
Nominal diameter
Free area
Nominal pipe length
60.0
0.060
2827.4
0.0028
0.1

Total
Safety factor
L0
Leq
L
F
mm
m
mm2
m2
m
Nominal pipe length
FxL
Fluid density normal

Fluid density
Kinematic viscosity normal
Kinematic viscosity
Temperature
Altitude
Atmospheric pressure
m
%
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
Type of pipe
22
Roughness of pipes
kr
Local constant coeficient
ksi
mm
0.0200
1.0000
Velocity and Reynolds

Reynolds
u1
m/s
u2
m/s
Re
Friction coeficient
The boundary layer thikness
Friction coeficient
Pressure drop
8.273
8.273
37,042
0.17
mm
0.38
P2
Pa
4.39
516,736
Pa
84,589.15
Hydraulic Diameter of Rectangular Tubes or Ducts

Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Air Calculation (2)
Page 43 of 305

Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a rectangular duct or pipe can be calculated as
dh = 2 a b / (a + b) (4)
where
a = width/height of the duct
b = height/width of the duct
4.8
dh = hidraulic diameter
Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Air Calculation (2)
Page 44 of 305
Recommended pipe diameter vs flow

300
f(x) = 34.46 x^0.38

R = 1
Free diameter of pipe [mm]
250
200
Row 14
Power Regression for Row
14
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
Flow [mc/min]
150
200
250
Calculation of diaphragms on distribution of water piping
d = diameter of the diaphragm in m

D = internal diameter of the pipe in m
P1 - P2 = pressure drop to be created in bar (Differential pressure)
The calculation of the diaphragms is carried out from the following relation:
Qv = Water flow in m3/s

S = Section of the pipe
r = Density of water in kg/m3 (depends on the temperature)
g = 9.81
One deduces the diameter from the diaphragm (d) by the relation.
Pressure drop in direct galvanized piping [bar] for 100 m linear. Wall thickness [mm]
A free air
m3/min
A
B
outside
diameter
mm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
15
1/2
20
3/4
25
1
32
1 1/4
40
1:1/2
50
2
65
2:1/2
80
3
21.3
1.187
26.90
0.290
33.70
0.081
0.324
42.4
0.018
0.077
0.170
0.300
48.3
0.008
0.032
0.072
0.134
0.204
60.3
76.1
88.9
0.009
0.020
0.036
0.055
0.079
0.108
0.142
0.180
0.222
0.013
0.021
0.030
0.041
0.055
0.069
0.085
0.112
0.167
0.218
0.010
0.013
0.017
0.022
0.027
0.039
0.053
0.069
0.087
0.107
0.168
90
3:1/2
100
4
115
4:1/2
114.3
0.013
0.018
0.025
0.032
0.041
0.051
0.080
0.115
0.159
0.009
0.012
0.016
0.021
0.025
0.040
0.051
0.078
0.102
0.129
0.160
Pressure 7kgf/cm2(700kPa)~ 6,866167 bar a pressure descent for pipe length 100m (kgf/cm2)
mc/min
Dpipe =
34,356 x Q
0,3736
mm
p = P1-sqrt(P12-46,742x100xQ1,82xD-4,82)
mc/h
120
45
mm
45
0.009
0.012
0.014
0.022
0.032
0.044
0.057
0.072
0.089
0.129
125
5
150
6
175
7
200
8
250
10
300
12
400
16
500
20
139.7
165/168
180.2
219.1
273
323.9
406.4
508
0.012
0.015
0.018
0.027
0.036
0.047
0.060
0.074
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.021
0.026
0.033
0.008
0.011
0.014
0.017
0.038
0.067
0.011
0.020
0.009
0.002
0.001
0.008
0.012
0.015
0.018
0.031
0.039
0.048
0.079
0.095
0.123
1/4
Screwing
90elbow
flange
Screwing
90long
elbow
flange
Screwing
45elbow
flange
Screwing
Tee
flange
Screwing
Tee
flange
Screwing
180bend
flange
long
flange
Screwing
Spherical
valve
flange
Screwing
Gate valve
flange
Screwing
Angle valve
flange
Screwing
Swing stop
valve
Coupling
and unit
flange
Screwing
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
3/8
0.7
0.5
1/2
0.9
0.6
3/4
1:1/4
Pipe diameter(B)
2
2:1/2
2.60
2.90
1.10
1.30
1.60
2.0
1:1/2
2.30
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.10
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.0
1.10
1.10
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.7
6.40
0.2
0.4
1.10
0.9
6.70
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3.
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.40
1.70
2.40
2.80
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.80
3.0
3.70
4.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.30
1.10
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.30
2.20
2.80
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.10
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
6.70
7.30
8.80
11.30
12.80
16.50
18.90
11.60
12.20
13.70
16.50
18.0
21.30
23.50
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
0.1
3.90
2.20
0.1
4.60
2.20
0.04
0.06
4
4.0
3.40
1.80
1.50
1.40
1.10
1.30
0.0
1.20
1.0
0.8
0.6
3.70
3.0
0.7
0.
5.20
4.20
2.90
2.40
3.40
2.70
1.30
1.10
1.0
0.9
24.10
19.80
28.60
1.0
1.70
1.40
1.10
0.9
5.0
4.20
0.9
0.
6.40
5.20
3.70
3.0
4.0
3.40
1.80
1.50
1.30
.1.0
33.5
26.20
36.5
30.2
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.7
5.50
4.60
11.60
9.40
11.60
9.50
11.60
9.50
0.2
4.60
4.60
5.20
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
4.60
4.60
5.20
5.50
5.50
6.40
6.70
2.40
2.70
3.40
4.00
4.60
5.80
6.70
1.20
1.60
2.20
3.10
3.70
5.20
6.40
0.1
6.70
0.1
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.40
2.70
1.30
1.10
1.20
1.0
1.0
23.50
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.7
5.50
4.60
8.50
7.0
8.20
6.70
8.20
FC
SS
FC
10
12
2.20
2.70
2.20
3.70
3.0
4.30
3.70
5.20
4.60
1.50
1.70
2.10
2.40
2.70
1.40
1.70
2.10
2.40
1.40
1.70
1.40
2.40
1.90
2.70
2.50
3.30
3.00
1.0
1.20
0.
1.40
1.
1.60
1.
1.80
1.
4.60
5.50
4.60
7.30
6.10
9.10
7.60
10.30
9.10
2.20
2.70
2.20
1.70
1.40
3.80
3.0
2.20
1.70
4.30
3.70
2.50
2.10
5.20
4.60
2.80
2.40
57.8
79.1
94.5
11.90
45.7
64.0
82.2
10.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
15.20
19.20
15.80
27.40
22.60
36.6
29.90
42.6
36.5
15.20
19.20
27.40
36.6
42.7
15.80
22.60
29.90
36.5
1.50
45.6
1
35.7
2
41.6
3
52.9
5
67.9
10
80.7
20
105.3
30
118.1
40
130.8
50
155.2
80
180.2
100
204.7
200
254.2
Pressure drop in direct galvanized piping [bar] for 100 m linear. Wall thickness [mm]
A
B
A free air
m3/h
m3/min
1
60
2
120
3
180
4
240
5
300
6
360
7
420
8
480
9
540
10
600
12
720
14
840
16
960
18
1,080
20
1,200
25
1,500
30
1,800
35
2,100
40
2,400
45
2,700
50
3,000
60
3,600
70
4,200
80
4,800
90
5,400
100
6,000
150
9,000
200
12,000
250
15,000
300
18,000
350
21,000
400
24,000
450
27,000
500
30,000
550
33,000
600
36,000
15
1/2
20
3/4
25
1
32
1 1/4
40
1:1/2
50
2
65
2:1/2
80
3
21.30
1.187
6.910
26.90
0.279
1.037
2.388
5.023
33.70
0.094
0.338
0.724
1.269
2.007
3.019
4.540
42.4
0.029
0.101
0.213
0.363
0.552
0.781
1.053
1.373
1.746
2.184
3.322
5.166
48.3
0.010
0.034
0.072
0.122
0.184
0.257
0.343
0.440
0.549
0.670
0.952
1.289
1.691
2.169
2.744
4.970
60.3
0.003
0.012
0.024
0.041
0.062
0.087
0.115
0.147
0.183
0.222
0.311
0.415
0.533
0.666
0.815
1.261
1.829
2.554
3.512
4.917
76.1
0.001
0.003
0.007
0.012
0.018
0.024
0.032
0.041
0.051
0.062
0.087
0.115
0.147
0.182
0.221
0.335
0.470
0.629
0.812
1.021
1.257
1.822
2.545
3.497
4.890
88.9
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.009
0.012
0.015
0.019
0.023
0.032
0.042
0.054
0.066
0.081
0.121
0.170
0.225
0.288
0.359
0.437
0.616
0.828
1.073
1.356
1.680
4.331
90
3:1/2
100
4
115
4:1/2
outside diameter [mm]

114.3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.007
0.004
0.002
0.009
0.005
0.003
0.011
0.006
0.003
0.013
0.008
0.004
0.018
0.011
0.006
0.024
0.014
0.007
0.030
0.018
0.009
0.038
0.023
0.012
0.046
0.027
0.014
0.069
0.041
0.021
0.096
0.057
0.029
0.127
0.076
0.039
0.162
0.097
0.049
0.201
0.121
0.061
0.245
0.146
0.074
0.343
0.205
0.104
0.458
0.272
0.138
0.589
0.349
0.176
0.737
0.435
0.218
0.902
0.530
0.265
2.045
1.155
0.566
4.041
2.083
0.983
3.484
1.532
6.315
2.249
3.204
4.596
Pressure 7kgf/cm2(700kPa)~ 6,866167 bar a pressure descent for pipe length 100m (kgf/cm2)
mc/min
Dpipe =
34,356 x Q
0,3736
mm
mc/h
120
45
mm
45
p = P1-sqrt(P12-46,742xL(100)xQ(m3/min)1,82xD(mm)-4,82)
Pipe diameter(B)
125
5
150
6
175
7
200
8
250
10
300
12
400
16
500
20
139.7
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.014
0.020
0.026
0.033
0.041
0.050
0.069
0.092
0.117
0.145
0.177
0.374
0.643
0.987
1.417
1.948
2.610
3.456
4.629
7.006
165/168
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.011
0.014
0.017
0.021
0.029
0.038
0.048
0.060
0.073
0.153
0.260
0.394
0.555
0.744
0.963
1.214
1.500
1.826
2.198
180.2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.014
0.018
0.023
0.029
0.035
0.072
0.123
0.185
0.259
0.345
0.442
0.552
0.674
0.809
0.958
219.1
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.015
0.018
0.038
0.064
0.097
0.135
0.179
0.229
0.285
0.347
0.414
0.488
273
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.013
0.022
0.033
0.046
0.061
0.077
0.096
0.117
0.139
0.163
323.9
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.009
0.014
0.019
0.025
0.032
0.040
0.048
0.057
0.067
406.4
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.017
508
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
1/4
Screwing
90elbow
flange
Screwing
90long
elbow
flange
Screwing
45elbow
flange
Screwing
Tee
flange
Screwing
Tee
flange
Screwing
180bend
flange
long
flange
Screwing
Spherical
valve
flange
Screwing
Gate valve
flange
Screwing
Angle valve
flange
Screwing
Swing stop
valve
Coupling
and unit
flange
Screwing
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
3/8
0.7
0.5
1/2
0.9
0.6
1.10
3/4
1.30
1
1.60
1:1/4
2.0
1:1/2
2.30
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
2
2.60
2:1/2
2.90
0.7
0.9
1.10
1.0
1.0
1.10
1.10
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.7
6.40
0.2
0.4
1.10
0.9
6.70
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.3.
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.40
1.70
2.40
2.80
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.80
3.0
3.70
4.0
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.30
1.10
1.30
1.60
2.0
2.30
2.20
2.80
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.10
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
6.70
7.30
8.80
11.30
12.80
16.50
18.90
11.60
12.20
13.70
16.50
18.0
21.30
23.50
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.8
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
FC
SS
0.1
3.90
2.20
0.1
4.60
2.20
0.04
0.06
4
4.0
3.40
1.80
1.50
1.40
1.10
1.30
0.0
1.20
1.0
0.8
0.6
3.70
3.0
0.7
0.
5.20
4.20
2.90
2.40
3.40
2.70
1.30
1.10
1.0
0.9
24.10
19.80
28.60
1.0
1.70
1.40
1.10
0.9
5.0
4.20
0.9
0.
6.40
5.20
3.70
3.0
4.0
3.40
1.80
1.50
1.30
.1.0
33.5
26.20
36.5
30.2
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.7
5.50
4.60
11.60
9.40
11.60
9.50
11.60
9.50
0.2
4.60
4.60
5.20
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
4.60
4.60
5.20
5.50
5.50
6.40
6.70
2.40
2.70
3.40
4.00
4.60
5.80
6.70
1.20
1.60
2.20
3.10
3.70
5.20
6.40
0.1
6.70
0.1
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.1
0.1
3.40
2.70
1.30
1.10
1.20
1.0
1.0
23.50
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.7
5.50
4.60
8.50
7.0
8.20
6.70
8.20
FC
SS
FC
10
12
2.20
2.70
2.20
3.70
3.0
4.30
3.70
5.20
4.60
1.50
1.70
2.10
2.40
2.70
1.40
1.70
2.10
2.40
1.40
1.70
1.40
2.40
1.90
2.70
2.50
3.30
3.00
1.0
1.20
0.
1.40
1.
1.60
1.
1.80
1.
4.60
5.50
4.60
7.30
6.10
9.10
7.60
10.30
9.10
2.20
2.70
2.20
1.70
1.40
3.80
3.0
2.20
1.70
4.30
3.70
2.50
2.10
5.20
4.60
2.80
2.40
57.8
79.1
94.5
11.90
45.7
64.0
82.2
10.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.9
1.0
0.9
15.20
19.20
15.80
27.40
22.60
36.6
29.90
42.6
36.5
15.20
19.20
27.40
36.6
42.7
15.80
22.60
29.90
36.5
1.50
45.6
1
35.7
2
41.6
3
52.9
5
67.9
10
80.7
20
105.3
30
118.1
40
130.8
50
155.2
80
180.2
100
204.7
200
254.2

The diagram of air consumers - Expansion Project

Central Compressor Room
p1=7 bar V=714 Nm3/h
DN
L~
V
p
p2
50.0 mm
75 m
100 Nm3/h
0.006 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
6.970 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
Gypsum plant
65.0 mm
180 m
212 Nm3/h
0.016 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
6.976 bar
80.0 mm
30 m
499 Nm3/h
0.005 bar
6.993 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
115.0 mm
45 m
714 Nm3/h
0 bar
DN
65.0 mm
L~
V
p
p2
80 m
215 Nm3/h
0.007 bar
7 bar
50.0 mm
95 m
112 Nm3/h
0.010 bar
6.967 bar
Slag dryer
DN
L~
V
p
p2
65.0 mm
105 m
287 Nm3/h
0.017 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
50.0 mm
165 m
169 Nm3/h
0.019 bar
6.976 bar
6.958 bar
Old cement silos

Remarks: The calculation was made in the follow conditions:
DN
L~
V
p
p2
Packing plant
6.990 bar
50.0 mm
105 m
118 Nm3/h
0.023 bar
6.953 bar
New cement silos
1) One hypothesis regarding the pipe route, lengths and nominal pipe inside diameter of the transoms
2) The consumers list according to
The final values of the pressure will be possible to be calculated after the finalization of the compressed air project
Date: 03/06/2013
Revision: 0
132668590.xls/Air consumer
Page 55 of 305

P12-P22 =
P1,P2
L
Q
46.742**L*Q1.82*D-4.82
bar absolute pressure
m length of the pipe
m3/h flow rate at p=1,01325 bar 288oK
relative density ng/AIR 1,0 for air and 0.64 for gas
mm inside pipe diameter
Total
Standard flow rate
Q0
New silos
Total1
Total2
Packing plant Old silos
Total3
Slag dryer Gypsum
714
215
499
287
169
118
212
112
100
Nm3/min
11.90
3.58
8.32
4.79
2.82
1.97
3.53
1.86
1.67
P1
C
m
bar
m3/h
bar
bar
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
714
7.000
8.013
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
215
6.998
8.011
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
499
6.998
8.011
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
287
6.993
8.006
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
169
6.976
7.989
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
118
6.976
7.989
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
212
6.993
8.006
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
112
6.976
7.989
1
1.00
0
0
1.013
100
6.976
7.989
Nominal pipe length
L0
20
60
20
86
80
132
150
70
60
Leq
20
10
12
12
12
12
40
70
26
92
92
150
162
82
66
Type of gas (1 air/ 2 natural gas)

Relative Density
Temperature
Altitude
Pressure atm
Flow rate
t
ASL
patm
Q
p1
Nm3/h
Total
Safety factor
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Nominal pipe length
FxL
45
80
30
105
105
165
180
95
75
Nominal diameter
DN
mm
115.0
65.0
80.0
65.0
50.0
50.0
65.0
50.0
50.0
Free area
0.010
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
m/s
19
18
28
24
24
17
18
16
14
Absolute Pressure on the end of the pipe line
P2
bar
8.011
8.003
8.006
7.989
7.966
7.971
7.989
7.980
7.983
Pressure drop
bar
0.002
0.007
0.005
0.017
0.023
0.019
0.016
0.010
0.006
p2
bar
6.998
6.990
6.993
6.976
6.953
6.958
6.976
6.967
6.970
Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Air Calculation
Page 56 of 305

Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
A
B
Inside diameter
mm
toll
mm
20
3/4
21.6
25
1
27.6
32
1 1/4
35.7
38
1 1/2
41.6
50
2
52.9
A
B
Inside diameter
mm
toll
mm
125
5
130.8
150
6
155.2
175
7
180.2
200
8
204.7
250
10
254.2
132668590.xls/Air Calculation
65
21/2
67.9
80
3
80.7
90
31/2
93.2
100
4
105.3
115
41/2
118.1
Page 57 of 305
LOCAL VENTILATION VOLUME FOR COMPRESSORS

H x 860
Q=
xCpx(t2-t1)x60
H
Htot
Cp
t1
t2
Q
V
w
A
p
P
Heat generation
kW
Heat generation
Air specific gravity
Air specific heat
Temp outdoor
Temp indoor
Exhaust air
Ventilation fan
3
Velocity
Window for exhaust air
Pressure of fan
Motor power
Mj/h
kg/m3
kcal/(kg grd)
deg
deg
m3/min
m3/min
m3/h
m/s
m2
Pa
kW
350
1260
1.2
0.24
10
30
870.9
2,612.8
156,771
20
2.18
100
6.22
VENT WINDOW AREA-AIR INTAKE PORT

Q+Q0
A=
60 x v x
Q Exhaust air
Q0 Outgoing air volume
Q0+Q Air intake
v
air speed
a
vent window opening ratio
A vent window area
length
2 x vent window area
2 x length
03/06/2013
m3/min
m3/min
m3/min
m/s
%
m2
870.9
7.5
878.4
2
100.0
7.3
m
m2
2.7
3.66
1.91
file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/132668590.xls ventilation volume
58/305
C o m p re ss ed
A ir S ys te m
4
1
3
14
12
8
5
13
10
11
9
7
14
14
14
3
14
15
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
03/06/2013
Compressor
Hose connection
Cyclone separator
Ball valve
Pressure tank
By pass for tank
Dryer
By pass for dryer
Filter set
By pass for filter set
Pressure control set
Connecting pipe
Pipeline to consumer
Condensate drain unit
Drain pipeline system
Oil/Water separator
59/305
DUCT VENTILATION VOLUME FOR COMPRESSORS

H x 860 x 0,05
Q=
xCpx(t2-t1)x60
H
Htot
Cp
t1
t2
Q
V
w
A
p
P
Heat generation
kW
Heat generation
Air specific heat
Temp outdoor
Temp indoor
Exhaust air
Ventilation fan
3
Velocity
Pressure of fan
Motor power
Mj/h
kg/m3
kcal/(kg grd)
deg
deg
m3/min
m3/min
m3/h
m/s
m2
Pa
kW
350
1260
1.2
0.24
10
30
43.5
130.6
7,839
20
0.11
100
0.31

Q+Q0
A=
60 x v x
Q Exhaust air
Q0+Q Air intake
v
air speed
a
A vent window area
2x
03/06/2013
m3/min
m3/min
m3/min
m/s
%
m2
43.5
7.5
51.0
2
100.0
0.4
length
m
m2
0.7
0.21
length
0.46
60/305
Motor
output
Ventilation amount (in case of

air cooling)
Heat amount generated
Exhausted air amount
If t = 3
If t = 5
(MJ/h)
(m3/min)
(m3/min)
7.5kW
32
20
85
11kW
47
30
125
15kW
68
45
180
[54]
[85]
[145]
Cooling tower
(in case of
water cooling)
CT exit
temperature
if 32C
5t over
(80)*3
22kW
97
55
260
[79]
[105]
[210]
10t over
(80)*3
30kW
(121)*3
(100)*3
(340)*3
37kW
159
85
430
[130]
[200]
[400]
(184)*3
201
[Please ask us]
272
[Please ask us]
(120)*3
(150)*3
140
[Please ask us]
190
[Please ask us]
(510)*3
880
[Please ask]
1.2
[Please ask]
45kW
55kW
75kW
90kW
100kW
120kW
150kW
03/06/2013
10t over
15t over
20t over
30t over
30t over
30t over
30t over
61/305
VENTILATION VOLUME FOR COMPRESSORS WITH DRYER

860 x (H + Hdryer)
Q=
xCpx(t2-t1)x60
H
Hdryer
Htot
Cp
t1
t2
Q
V
w
A
p
P
Heat generation
Dryer heat generation
Heat generation
Air specific heat
Temp outdoor
Temp indoor
Exhaust air
Ventilation fan
3
Velocity
Pressure of fan
Motor power
kW
kW
Mj/h
kg/m3
kcal/(kg grd)
deg
deg
m3/min
m3/min
m3/h
m/s
m2
Pa
kW
350
9
1292.4
1.2
0.24
10
30
893.3
2680.0
160,802
20
2.23
100
6.38

Q+Q0
A=
60 x v x
Q
Q0
Q0+Q
v
a
A
2x
03/06/2013
Exhaust air
Outgoing air volume
Air intake
air speed
vent window area
m3/min
m3/min
m3/min
m/s
%
m2
length
m
m2
2.80
3.75
length
1.94
893.3
7.5
900.8
2
100.0
7.5
62/305
Atlas Copco
X
Y
H
H
t
V
03/06/2013
Constant ZT 55 VSD
Constant ZT 55 VSD
Heat generation ZT 45
Heat generation ZT 55 VSD
Temperature increase
Ventilation fan
(X*H+Y)/t
kW
kW
o
C
m3/s
m3/h
%
1.12
3.72
90
55
10
17.36
62,482
2.57
63/305
ITH DRYER
DUCT VENTILATION VOLUME FOR COMPRESSORS WITH DRYER
860 x (H x 0.05 + Hdryer)

Q=
xCpx(t2-t1)x60
14.89
44.67
44.67
H
Heat generation
Hdryer Dryer heat generation
Htot Heat generation

Cp Air specific heat
t1
Temp outdoor
t2
Temp indoor
Q Exhaust air
V
Ventilation fan
3
w Velocity
A Window for exhaust air
p Pressure of fan
P
Motor power
kW
kW
Mj/h
kg/m3
kcal/(kg grd)
deg
deg
m3/min
m3/min
m3/h
m/s
m2
Pa
kW
350
9
1292.4
1.2
0.24
10
30
65.9
197.8
11,870
20
0.16
100
0.47

Q+Q0
A=
60 x v x
Q Exhaust air
Q0+Q Air intake
v
air speed
a
A vent window area
2x
03/06/2013
m3/min
m3/min
m3/min
m/s
%
m2
65.9
7.5
73.4
2
100.0
0.6
length
m
m2
0.8
0.31
length
0.55
64/305
Natural Draft Head
1.12
3.72
90
55
10
11.20
40,306
p = g x (o - r) h
o
h
to
ti
o
i
g
p
normal density of fluid

height between outlet and inlet air
temperature outside
temperature inside
density outside air
density inside air
gravity
Natural draft pressure of stack
Major and Minor System Loss

p = (l / dh) (r v2 / 2) + 1/2
03/06/2013
65/305
S WITH DRYER
Ventilation volume vs the volume of the room

L
length
W width
H
height
V
volume
The purpose for which it is used ACH
Ventilation necessary flow
PORT
03/06/2013
m
m
m
m3
no/h
m3/h
24
6.5
4.6
717.6
20
14,352
66/305
kg/m3
m
o
C
o
C
kg/m3
kg/m3
m/s2
Pa
1.29
10
5
20
1.27
1.20
9.81
6.36
or System Loss
v2 / 2) + 1/2 r v2
03/06/2013
67/305
0.40
20-30
4-8
6-10
6-8
2-4
6-8
15-30
10-12
8-12
3-10
1-3
10-15
10-12
10-20
8-10
8-12
20-30
10-12
15-30
3-5
8-10
Assembley Halls
Bakeries
Banks
Bathrooms
Battery Charging Rooms
Bedrooms
Billiard Rooms *
Boiler Rooms
Cafes & Coffee Bars
Canteens
Cellars
Churches
Cinemas & Theatres *
Club Room *
Compressor Rooms
Dairies
Dance Halls *
Dye Works
Electroplating Shops
Engine Rooms
Entrance Halls, Corridors
Factories & Workshops
Recommended minimum fresh air supply
03/06/2013
Air space per person
Air supply per

person
Air changes
per hour
m/person
3
6
9
12
m3/h
61.2
39.6
28.8
21.6
(ACH)
20
6.50
3.20
1.80
68/305
03/06/2013
69/305
Foundries
Garages
Glasshouses
Hairdressing salons
Hospitals
Kitchens
Laboratories
Laundrettes
Laundries
Lavatories
Lecture Theatres
Libraries
Living Rooms
Mushrooms Houses
Offices
Paint Shops (not cellulose)
Photo & X-ray dark rooms
Public House bars
Recording studios
Recording Control rooms
Restaurants
Schoolrooms
Shops & Showrooms
Shower Baths
Stores & Warehouses
Swimming Baths
Toilets
Welding Shops
03/06/2013
- Sterilising
- Wards
- Domestic
- Commercial
15-30
6-8
25-60
10-15
15-25
6-8
15-20
20-30 Min
6-15
10-15
10-30
6-15
5-8
3-5
3-6
6-10
6-10
10-20
10-15
10-15
10-12
12-25
8-12
5-7
8-12
15-20
3-6
10-15
6-10
15-30
70/305
03/06/2013
71/305
CEPROCIM S.A.
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
Data: 03/06/2013
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
132668590.xls/Chart9 (2)
Converting from/to standard cubic meters

The standard volume is calculated on the basis of standard conditions
at pressure of 101.325 kPa (760 torr) and
DIN 1343 at a temperature of 273.15 oK ( 0 oC)
ISO 2533 at temperature of 288,15 oK (15 oC)
Altitude
Pressure
m
kPa
Pa
mbar
psi
at
atm
mmWG
torr
1,000.0
89.4
89,374.3
893.5
13.0
0.9
0.9
9,113.9
670.1
DIN 1343
ISO 2533
Local
Standard volume
VO
To
Nm3
C
K
Pa
kg/Nm3
kg
o
Po
o
M
100
Vi
Ti
273.15
101,325
1.29
129.300
Nm3
105.5
V1
15.0
T1
K
Pa
kg/Nm3
kg
o
Pi
i
M
288.2
101,325
1.226
129.300
Nm3
125.8
15.0
K
Pa
kg/Nm3
kg
o
P1
1
M
303.2
89,374
1.028
129.300

The diagram of gas consumers - grey cement - Expansion Project

Gas regulating station
from Gavrilovskoe
Monstransgas
Boundary
GAS CONTROL POINT 2

Pinput = 6 (4,5-5,0) bar
Poutput = 3 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
150 mm
250 m
2,500 Nm3/h
0.057 bar
2.666 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
200 mm
205 m
4,000 Nm3/h
0.027 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
100 mm
40 m
1,500 Nm3/h
0.025 bar
2.723 bar
2.698 bar
New Boiler
New Dryer
Remarks: The calculation was made in the follow conditions:
DN
L~
V
p
p2
250 mm
135 m
15,250 Nm3/h
0.069 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
200 mm
25 m
11,250 Nm3/h
0.022 bar
2.750 bar
2.728 bar
Kiln
Calciner
DN
L~
V
p
p2
300 mm
75 m
31,180 Nm3/h
0.057 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
250 mm
60 m
15,930 Nm3/h
0.033 bar
DN
300 mm
L~
145 m
V 33,680 Nm3/h
p
0.12 bar
p2
2.88 bar
2.819 bar
DN
L~
V
p
p2
2.786 bar
100 mm
30 m
2,500 Nm3/h
0.046 bar
2.830 bar
Raw mill
1) One hypothesis regarding the pipe route, lengths and nominal pipe inside diameter of the transoms
2) The consumers list according to SH 04C-400 305 A
3) The maximum gas flow indicated by FL Smidth for kiln, calciner , raw mill hot gas generator and slag dryer
The final values of the pressure will be possible to be calculated after the finalization of the natural gas project
Date: 03/06/2013
Revision: 0
132668590.xls/Gas consumer
Page 74 of 305
ANSI Screw and Nut threads size chart

Basic fastener
External thread
Designation
M 1.6 x 0.35
M 1.6 x 0.35
M 2 x 0,4
M 2 x 0,5
M 2,5 x 0.45
M 2,5 x 0.45
M 3 x 0,5
M 3 x 0,5
M 3,5 x 0,6
M 3,5 x 0,6
M 4 x 0.7
M 4 x 0.7
M 5 x 0.8
M 5 x 0.8
M 6 x 1,0
M 6 x 1,0
M 8 x 1,25
M 8 x 1,25
M 8 x 1,0
M 8 x 1,0
M 10 x 1,5
M 10 x 1,5
M 10 x 1,25
M 10 x 1,25
M 10 x 0,75
M 10 x 0,75
M 12 x 1,75
M 12 x 1,75
M 12 x 1,25
M 12 x 1,25
M 12 x 1,0
M 12 x 1,0
M 14 x 2,0
M 14 x 2,0
M 14 x 1,5
M 14 x 1,5
M 15 x 1,0
M 15 x 1,0
M 16 x 2,0
M 16 x 2,0
M 16 x 1,5
M 16 x 1,5
M 17 x 1,0
M 17 x 1,0
M 18 x 1,5
Tolerances
Class
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
4g6g
6g
Major diameter
Max
1.581
1.581
1.981
1.981
2.480
2.480
2.980
2.980
3.479
3.479
3.978
3.978
4.976
4.976
5.974
5.974
7.972
7.972
7.974
7.974
9.97
9.97
9.97
9.97
9.98
9.98
11.97
11.97
11.97
11.97
11.97
11.97
13.96
13.96
13.97
13.97
14.97
14.97
15.96
15.96
15.97
15.97
16.97
16.97
17.97
Min
1.496
1.496
1.886
1.886
2.380
2.380
2.874
2.874
3.354
3.354
3.838
3.838
4.826
4.826
5.794
5.794
7.760
7.760
7.794
7.794
9.73
9.73
9.76
9.76
9.84
9.84
11.7
11.7
11.76
11.76
11.79
11.79
13.68
13.68
13.73
13.73
14.79
14.79
15.68
15.68
15.73
15.73
16.79
16.79
17.73
Pitch diameter -pas

Max
1.354
1.354
1.721
1.721
2.188
2.188
2.655
2.655
3.089
3.089
3.523
3.523
4.456
4.456
5.324
5.324
7.160
7.160
7.324
7.324
8.99
8.99
9.16
9.16
9.49
9.49
10.83
10.83
11.16
11.16
11.32
11.32
12.66
12.66
12.99
12.99
14.32
14.32
14.63
14.63
14.99
14.99
16.32
16.32
16.99
Min
1.291
1.314
1.654
1.679
2.117
2.143
2.580
2.607
3.004
3.036
3.433
3.467
4.361
4.396
5.212
5.253
7.042
7.085
7.212
7.253
8.86
8.91
9.04
9.09
9.39
9.43
10.68
10.73
11.03
11.08
11.21
11.25
12.5
12.56
12.85
12.9
14.21
14.25
14.5
14.56
14.85
14.9
16.21
16.25
16.85
Minor diameter
Max
1.202
1.202
1.548
1.548
1.993
1.993
2.439
2.439
2.829
2.829
3.220
3.220
4.110
4.110
4.891
4.891
6.619
6.619
6.891
6.891
8.34
8.34
8.62
8.62
9.17
9.17
10.07
10.07
10.62
10.62
10.89
10.89
11.8
11.8
12.34
12.34
13.89
13.89
13.8
13.8
14.34
14.34
15.89
15.89
16.34
Min
1.075
1.098
1.408
1.433
1.840
1.866
2.272
2.299
2.635
2.667
3.002
3.036
3.869
3.904
4.596
4.637
6.272
6.315
6.596
6.637
7.938
7.985
8.272
8.272
8.929
8.929
9.656
9.930
10.258
10.305
10.590
10.633
11.271
11.331
11.930
11.980
13.590
13.633
13.271
13.331
13.930
13.980
15.590
15.633
15.930
M 18 x 1,5
4g6g
17.97
17.73
16.99
16.9
16.34
15.980
Metric Wide Flange Beams - Light Weight

Section no
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
400
450
500
550
600
650
Depth
h
mm
96
114
133
152
171
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
390
440
490
540
590
640
Width
b
mm
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
thick
t
mm
8
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
11
12
12.5
13
14
15.5
16.5
17.5
19
21
23
24
25
26
web
s
mm
5
5
5.5
6
6
6.5
7
7.5
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
Weight
kg/m
16.7
19.9
24.7
30.4
35.5
42.3
50.5
60.3
68.2
76.4
88.3
97.6
105
112
125
140
155
166
178
190
Area Moment of Inertia for some common Cross Sections

Rectangular Cross Section
Ix = b h3 / 12 (2)
where
b = width
h = height
Circular Cross Section
Ix = r4 / 4
= d4 / 64 (3)
where
r = radius
d = diameter
Cylindrical Cross Section
Ix = (do4 - di4) / 64 (3)
where
do = cylinder outside diameter
di = cylinder inside diameter
Static
Parameters
Moment of
Inertia
Dimensions
HEA
Depth
Width
Web
Thickness
Sectional
Area
Weight
Ix
(cm )
(kg/m)
(cm )
(cm4)
Iy
4
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
100A
96
100
21.20
16-Jul
349
134
120A
114
120
25.30
19-Sep
606
231
140A
133
140
5.50
31.4
24-Jul
1030
389
160A
152
160
38.8
30-Apr
1670
616
180A
171
180
45.3
35.5
2410
925
200A
190
200
6.50
43.8
42.3
3690
1340
220A
210
220
64.3
50.5
5410
1950
240A
230
240
7.50
76.8
60.3
7760
2770
260A
250
260
7.50
86.8
68.2
10450
3670
280A
270
280
97.3
76.4
13670
4760
300A
290
300
8.50
112
88.3
18260
6310
320A
310
300
124
97.6
22930
6990
340A
330
300
9.50
133
105
27690
7440
Metric Wide Flange Beams - Medium Weight

Section no
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
400
450
500
550
600
650
Depth
h
mm
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
400
450
500
550
600
650
Width
b
mm
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
thick
t
mm
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
17.5
18
19
20.5
21.5
22.5
24
26
28
29
30
31
web
s
mm
6
6.5
7
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
Weight
kg/m
20.4
26.7
33.7
42.6
51.2
61.3
71.5
83.2
93
103
117
127
134
142
155
171
187
199
212
225
Section
Modulus
Wx
Wy
(cm )
(cm )
HEB
Depth
Width
Dimensions
Web
Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
Sectional
Area
Weight
(cm )
(kg/m)
72.8
26-Aug
100B
100
100
26
20.4
106
38.5
120B
120
120
6.5
34
26.7
155
55.6
140B
140
140
43
33.7
220
76.9
160B
160
160
54.3
42.6
294
103
180B
180
180
8.5
65.3
51.2
389
134
200B
200
200
78.1
61.3
515
178
220B
220
220
9.5
91
71.5
675
231
240B
240
240
10
106
83.2
836
282
260B
260
260
10
118
93
1010
340
280B
280
280
10.5
131
103
1260
421
300B
300
300
11
149
117
1480
466
320B
320
300
11.5
161
127
1680
499
340B
340
300
12
171
134
Metric Wide Flange Beams - Heavy Weight

Section no
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
400
450
500
550
600
Depth
h
mm
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
270
290
310
340
359
377
395
432
478
524
572
620
Width
b
mm
106
126
146
166
186
206
226
248
268
288
310
309
309
308
307
307
306
306
305
thick
t
mm
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
32
32.5
33
39
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
web
s
mm
12
12.5
13
14
14.5
15
15.5
18
18
18.5
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
Weight
kg/m
41.8
52.1
63.2
76.2
88.9
103
117
157
172
189
238
245
248
250
256
263
270
278
285
Static Parameters
Moment of Inertia
Ix
Iy
(cm )
4
(cm )
4
Section Modulus
Wx
Wy
(cm )
(cm )
HEM
Depth
Width
Dimensions
Web
Thickness
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
450
167
89.9
33.5
100M
120
106
12
864
318
144
52.9
120M
140
126
12.50
1510
550
216
78.5
140M
160
146
13
2490
889
311
111
160M
180
166
14
3830
1360
426
151
180M
200
186
14.50
5700
2000
570
200
200M
220
206
15
8090
2840
736
258
220M
240
226
15.50
11260
3920
938
327
240M
270
248
18
14920
5130
1150
395
260M
290
268
18
19270
6590
1380
471
280M
310
288
18.50
25170
860
1680
571
300M
340
310
21
30820
9240
1930
616
320M
359
309
21
36660
9690
2160
646
340M
377
309
21
Static Parameters
Dimensions
Moment of Inertia
Sectional
Area
Weight
Ix
(cm )
(kg/m)
(cm )
53.2
41.8
66.4
52.1
80.6
Wx
Wy
(cm )
(cm )
(cm3)
1140
399
190
75.3
2020
703
288
112
63.2
3290
1140
411
157
97.1
76.2
5100
1760
566
212
113
88.9
7480
2580
748
277
131
103
10640
3650
967
354
149
117
14600
5010
1220
444
200
157
24290
8150
1800
657
220
172
31310
10450
2160
780
240
189
39550
13160
2550
914
303
238
59200
19400
3480
1250
312
245
68130
19710
3800
1280
316
248
76370
19710
4050
1280
Iy
Section Modulus
Precast elements DIN 993-5 DIN EN 993-6

Tolerances
For size <100 mm For size 100-130 mm For size > 130 mm
1 mm
1 %
1 %
Curvature
Max 1% of largest size
Insulating lining bricks

Group
BA
HAL
CH
W
Material characteristics
For size <100 mmFor size 100-130 mm For size > 130 mm
burnt
1,5 %
1,5 %
1,5 %
all
1,5 %
1,5 %
1,25 %
all
1,5 %
1,5 %
1,5 %
wet shaped
1,5 mm
2 mm
2%
dry shaped
1,0 mm
1,5 mm
1%
ground
1,0 mm
1,0 mm
1%
BA
HAL
CH
W
basic bricks
High alumina bricks
fire bricks
chamotte
Insulating lining bricks
Curvature
Max 1,5% of largest size
Max 0,75% of largest size

Renouard Equation
P12-P22 =
P1,P2
L
Q
46.742**L*Q1.82*D-4.82
bar absolute pressure
m length of the pipe
m3/h flow rate at p=1,01325 bar 288oK
relative density ng/AIR 1,2 for air and 0.64 for gas
mm inside pipe diameter
Total
Standard flow rate

Type of gas (1 air/ 2 natural gas)
Relative Density
Temperature
Altitude
Pressure atm
Flow rate
Raw mill
Total1
Total2
Calciner
Total3
Kiln
Boiler
Slag dryer
Q0
Nm3/h
33,680
2,500
31,180
15,930
15,250
11,250
4,000
1,500
2,500
t
ASL
kg/Nm3
o
C
m
bar
m3/h
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
36,024
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
2,674
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
33,350
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
17,039
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
16,312
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
12,033
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
4,278
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
1,604
2
0.64
15
110
0.999
2,674
bar
bar
3.000
3.999
2.876
3.875
2.876
3.875
2.819
3.818
2.819
3.818
2.750
3.749
2.750
3.749
2.723
3.722
2.723
3.722

Q
p1
P1
Nominal pipe length
L0
114
13
60
45
115
20
170
20
220
Leq
16
10
12
12
130
23
66
51
120
23
182
32
226
Total
Safety factor
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
FxL
145
30
75
60
135
25
205
40
250
Nominal diameter
mm
300
100
300
250
250
200
200
100
150
Free area
0.071
0.008
0.071
0.049
0.049
0.031
0.031
0.008
0.018
m/s
142
95
131
96
92
106
38
57
42
Absolute Pressure on the end of the pipe line
P2
bar
3.875
3.829
3.818
3.785
3.749
3.727
3.722
3.697
3.665
Pressure drop
bar
0.124
0.046
0.057
0.033
0.069
0.022
0.027
0.025
0.057
p2
bar
2.876
2.830
2.819
2.786
2.750
2.728
2.723
2.698
2.666
Nominal pipe length
Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Gas Calculation
Page 92 of 305

Date : 03/06/2013
Revision : 0
132668590.xls/Gas Calculation
Page 93 of 305
Air Receiver Sizing HOLCIM Recommendation

70
60
Receiver Volume VR [m3]
50
Column D
Column B
Column C
Column D
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Compressor output V' [m3/min]
0
60
100
140
180
200
0
15
25
35
45
50
170
340
510
680
850
1275
1700
2550
3400
5100
6800
8500
12750
17000
m3/min
2.83
5.67
8.50
11.33
14.17
21.25
28.33
42.50
56.67
85.00
113.33
141.67
212.50
283.33
m3/h
0.00
10.00
16.67
23.33
30.00
33.33
0
20.00
33.33
46.67
60.00
66.67
0.4
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.9
3.8
5.7
7.6
11.4
15.2
19
28.5
38
0
2
4
8
14
20
0
1.5
3
6
9.7
13.5
0
1
2
4
7
9.5
an A0 sheet cut in half gives two A1 sheets
an A1 sheet in half you get two A2 sheets
Size of sheet
Designation
Size of frame
mm
mm
mm
mm
A0
841
1189
791
1139
A1
594
841
554
804
A2
420
594
380
554
A3
297
420
267
390
A4
210
297
180
267
A5
148
210
A6
105
148
Dissolved Air in Water (25oC)

Gauge
Pressure
(atm)
Dissolved Air
(g/kg)
0.023
0.045
0.068
0.091
0.114
0.136
0
14.5
20
8.75
40
6
60
5
80
3
100
0
Oxygen Solubillity [mg/l]
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Water temperature [oC]
70
80
90
100
Oxygen Solubillity [m
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Water temperature [oC]
70
80
90
100
OMMENDED FINENESS OF FUEL AS FUNCTION OF THE VOLATILE CONTENT FOR ROTARY KILN AND CALCINE
16
Column B
Column C
14
Residue [%]
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
Volatile content [%]
14
16
18
20
Determination of acid dew point

1000
t=
-273
1.7842+0.0269*logpwater - 0.1029*logpSO3+0.0329*logpwater*logpSO3
SO3(ppm)*pB(hPa)
pSO3=
[bar]
10 *10
6
H2O(vol%)*pB(hPa)
pwater=
[bar]
10 *10
2
pB=
1013 hPa
[oC]
CEPROCIM S.A.
ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING DIVISION
1
2
3
4
5
6
OPTIMISATION POTENTIAL OF BALL MILL

MIN
MAX
%
%
15
30
CONTROL+PREGRINDING
MILL
CHAMBER 1
CHAMBER 2
TOTAL
LINING+FLOW
CONTROL
DIAPHRAGM
LINING+FLOW
CONTROL
DIAPHRAGM
SEPARATOR
VENTILATION
VENTILATION
min
max*
m/s
m/s
CLOSED CIRCUIT MILL

OPEN CIRCUIT MILL
1.20
1.00
10
3
10
3
10
30
10
THE FREE CROS SECTION ABOVE THE BALL
1.50
1.20
*THE HIGHER SPEED CAN BE CONSIDERED IF THE DEDUSTING SYSTEM IS PROVIDED WITH STATIC SEPARATOR
AIR VELOCITY
INLET CHUTE
CHAMBER 1
INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM
CHAMBER 2
DISCHARGE DIAPHRAGME
OUTLET MILL
100/305
OPTIMUM
MAX
MIN
MAX
1.2
8.0
1.2
8.0
1.5
14.0
1.5
14.0
25.0
ROMANIAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
18.0
18.0
25.0
prepred by A.Toader
CEPROCIM S.A.
THE CHARGE OF RAW MILLS
Balls diameter
101/305
Characteri
Density
CHARGE
mm
No
m2
m2/t
100
90
80
9.74
15
7,170
144
0.94
70
16.88
26
18,564
286
1.86
60
22.08
34
38,556
436
2.83
50
24.68
38
74,442
584
3.80
40
14.94
23
87,998
442
2.87
30
11.69
18
163,242
461
3.00
100
154
389,972
2,354
15.28
Diameter
mm
cm
100
10
90
9
80
8
70
7
60
6
50
5
40
4
30
3
25
20
2.5
2
prepred by A.Toader
CEPROCIM S.A.
Characteristics of balls
Density = 7.8 t/m3
Weight
i [g]
i[kg]
4,001 4.00
2,916 2.92
2,048 2.05
1,372 1.37
864
0.86
500
0.50
256
0.26
108
0.11
63
32
102/305
0.06
0.03
Surface
o [cm2/g] o [m2/t]
0.0769
7.85
0.0854
8.73
0.0961
9.81
0.1099
11.22
0.1282
13.08
0.1538
15.71
0.1923
19.63
0.2563
26.17
0.3076
0.3845
31.41
39.26
No
1/t
250
343
488
729
1,157
2,000
3,905
9,233
Density
t/m3
4.56
4.59
4.62
4.64
4.66
4.71
4.76
4.85
15,995
31,250
4.95
4.95
200
0
9.74
0.45
16.88
0.78
22.08
1.03
24.68
1.16
14.94
0.71
11.69
0.57
100
4.7
25200
prepred by A.Toader
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CEMENT CEPROCIM S.A.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN H AND FILLING DEGREE q

RAW MILLS
H
m
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
h
m
0.607
0.617
0.627
0.637
0.647
0.657
0.667
0.677
0.687
0.697
0.707
0.717
0.727
0.737
0.747
0.757
0.767
0.777
0.787
0.797
0.807
0.817
0.827
0.837
0.847
0.857
0.867
0.877
0.887
0.897
0.907
0.917
0.927
0.937
0.947
0.957
0.967
0.977
0.987
0.997
1.007
1.017
1.027
1.037
1.047
1.057
1.067
h/D
h/r
0.143
0.145
0.148
0.150
0.152
0.155
0.157
0.159
0.162
0.164
0.166
0.169
0.171
0.173
0.176
0.178
0.181
0.183
0.185
0.188
0.190
0.192
0.195
0.197
0.199
0.202
0.204
0.206
0.209
0.211
0.213
0.216
0.218
0.221
0.223
0.225
0.228
0.230
0.232
0.235
0.237
0.239
0.242
0.244
0.246
0.249
0.251
0.286
0.290
0.295
0.300
0.305
0.309
0.314
0.319
0.323
0.328
0.333
0.337
0.342
0.347
0.352
0.356
0.361
0.366
0.370
0.375
0.380
0.385
0.389
0.394
0.399
0.403
0.408
0.413
0.417
0.422
0.427
0.432
0.436
0.441
0.446
0.450
0.455
0.460
0.465
0.469
0.474
0.479
0.483
0.488
0.493
0.497
0.502
deg
147
146
146
145
145
144
143
143
142
142
141
141
140
139
139
138
138
137
136
136
135
135
134
134
133
132
132
131
131
130
129
129
128
128
127
126
126
125
125
124
123
123
122
122
121
120
120
rad
2.56
2.55
2.54
2.53
2.52
2.51
2.50
2.49
2.48
2.47
2.46
2.45
2.44
2.43
2.42
2.41
2.40
2.39
2.38
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.26
2.25
2.24
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.20
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.10
2.09
q
%
32.06
31.77
31.48
31.20
30.91
30.63
30.34
30.06
29.77
29.49
29.21
28.93
28.64
28.36
28.08
27.80
27.52
27.24
26.96
26.69
26.41
26.13
25.86
25.58
25.31
25.03
24.76
24.48
24.21
23.94
23.67
23.40
23.13
22.86
22.59
22.32
22.06
21.79
21.52
21.26
20.99
20.73
20.47
20.21
19.95
19.68
19.43
a
m
0.582
0.584
0.587
0.590
0.592
0.595
0.597
0.600
0.602
0.605
0.607
0.610
0.613
0.615
0.618
0.620
0.623
0.625
0.628
0.630
0.633
0.635
0.638
0.640
0.643
0.645
0.647
0.650
0.652
0.655
0.657
0.660
0.662
0.665
0.667
0.669
0.672
0.674
0.677
0.679
0.681
0.684
0.686
0.688
0.691
0.693
0.695
G
t
149
147
146
145
143
142
141
139
138
137
135
134
133
131
130
129
128
126
125
124
122
121
120
119
117
116
115
113
112
111
110
108
107
106
105
103
102
101
100
99
97
96
95
94
92
91
90
REMARKS
0.659
0.666
0.674
0.681
0.688
0.696
0.703
0.710
0.717
0.724
0.731
0.738
0.745
0.752
0.759
0.766
0.772
0.779
0.785
0.792
0.798
0.804
0.811
0.817
0.823
0.829
0.835
0.841
0.846
0.852
0.858
0.863
0.869
03/06/2013
Dext
D
R
L
V
4.50
4.25
2.13
7.26
103
03/06/2013
CARBUNI
Temperatura de mocnire
t cea mai mica a unei suprafete orizontale fierbinti care determina aparitia pct. de jar pe un strat de 5 mm grosime depus prin cadere libera
Temperatura minima de aprindere

t cea mai mica a unei surse care determina aprinderea prafului aflat in suspensiende aer
Concentratia minima de explozie
Cantitatea cea mai mica de pulbere raportata la volumul de umiditate care in amestec cu O2 din aer in contact cu o sursa de aprindere avand t superficiala
> decat t min de aprindere a pulberii se aprinde iar arderea se propaga in intreg amaestecul pulbere
Temperatura de autoaprindere
la o incalzire programata se urmaresc modificarile de masa si de entalpie precum si cantitatile de gaze produse
indicatie
UM
Filipesti
umiditate
Ash per umed
Ash per uscat
Vol. Per umed
Vol. Per uscat
%
%
%
%
%
6.13
58.36
62.16
22.85
24.34
T mocnire
T min aprindere
Con explozie
T autoaprindere
oC
g/m3
505
139
110
Schitu
Golesti
12.48
37.6
43.14
28.85
58.21
Cocs
I
0.51
3.21
3.22
8.56
8.89
Cocs
II
0.51
3.26
3.27
9.33
9.69
230
435
112
400
645
1000
325
400
645
1000
325
Gazul metan se aprinde in amestec cu aerul in proportie de 5 - 15 % la Taprindere =735 oC la 1 at
A.TOADER
TEMPERATURA DE AUTOAPRINDERE PENTRU DIVERSE GAZE

Tauto
oC
550
650
641
850
810
800
594
540
588
500
335
335
373
290
487
30
100
200
400
370
412
440
462
480
460
440
TEMPERATURE [deg C]
Concentratie
%
H2
28.5
CO
23.55
61.9
metan
2
4
8
etan
1.9
8.15
propan
1.25
10
acetilena
45
55
H2S
1
12
60
TEMPERATURA DE APRINDERE SI DIMENSIUNILE PARTICULELOR
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
PARTICLE SIZE [MICRON]
A.TOADER
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF KILN SYSTEM

Long wet
KILN
Capacity
Heat consumption
Heat exchange devices
tpd
300-3600
kcal/kg 1200-1400
chains
crosses
chamber
preheater
raw slurry
%
32-40
Feedstock
Feedstock mass content of water
Waste gas upstream of precipitator
Specific waste gas volume

Waste gas analyses
CO2
O2
CO
m3/kg
%
%
%
o
C
o
C
Waste gas temperature

Water dewpoint
Dust
Dust content in crude gas (dry at standard condition) g/m3
Mass proportion of dust < 10 mm
%
Dust precipitator
Separator
3.2 - 4.2
25-18
4-8
<0.1
130-180
65-75
Long dry
Lepol Preheater
300-3000
850-950
chains
lift shovels
crosses
chamber insertion
dry raw meal
0.5-15.0
waste gas
without
recycling
waste gas
recycling
with water
injection
2.5-3.0
2.2-2.8
20-17
24-19
6 - 10
4-7
<0.1
<0.1
130-180
150-200
45-75
45-60
300-3300
720-900
grate-type
preheater of
various types
granules
11 - 22
1.8-2.2
29-20
4 - 10
<0.1
90-150
50-65
S.P.
300-5000
720-900
cyclone or chamber
preheater of various
types
dry raw meal
0.5-1.0
waste gas without
recycling waste gas
recycling
with water
injection
2.1-2.5
1.7-2.0
22-14
33-20
8 - 13
3-9
<0.1
<0.1
90-150
120-200
45-60
50-65
3 - 22
20 - 60
35-150
70 - 90
15-25
70-90
1.5-12
10 - 45
35-150
80-99
20-50
85-99
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
Tab 1
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINKER OUTPUT AND HEAT CONSUMPTION

900
HEAT CONSUMPTION [kcal/kg]
880
860
840
820
800
780
760
740
2,500
2,700
2,900
3,100
3,300
CLINKER OUTPUT [t/d]
3,500
3,700
3,900
Output
Heat consumption
Cooling air flow
Secondary air flow
Primary air flow
Excess air flow
Gases Temperature
Preheater and Kiln radiation
t/d
kcal/kg
Nm3/kg
Nm3/kg
Nm3/kg
Nm3/kg
o
C
kcal/kg
2500
876
2.31
0.99
0.06
1.32
380
91
3100
836
2
0.95
0.05
1.05
360
75
3800
806
2
0.92
0.04
1.08
340
64
4000
798
2
0.91
0.04
1.09
330
62
BYPASS RATE
BY PASS CALCULATION
Na2O
K2O
R2O
Cl
SO3
DS
%
%
%
%
%
%
LIMIT
feed
0.600
0.015
1.000
100
ACTUAL
LIMIT
clinker
ACTUAL
0.270
0.720
0.744
0.010
0.350
37
0.44
1.06
1.14
0
0.59
40
RAW MEAL after BY PASS

BY PASS RATE
Na2O
K2O
SO3
Cl
BY PASS RATE
10
15
20
35
50
%
%
%
%
0.261
0.625
0.324
0.002
0.252
0.582
0.309
0.001
0.244
0.539
0.293
0.000
0.235
0.496
0.278
0.000
0.209
0.367
0.232
0.000
0.184
0.238
0.186
0.000
CLINKER after BY PASS
loi=
35.50
10
15
20
35
50
Na2O
K2O
%
%
0.405
0.969
0.391
0.908
0.378
0.841
0.365
0.774
0.325
0.572
0.285
0.371
R2O
1.035
0.982
0.925
0.868
0.697
0.526
SO3
Cl
%
%
0.502
0.002
0.478
0.001
0.455
0.001
0.431
0.000
0.360
0.000
0.289
0.000
Eng.A.Toader
03/06/2013
g/kgcl within clinker
1-
BYPASS RATE
EVALUATION OF MINOR CIRCUIT

evaporation factor

1g/kgcl at kiln inlet
circulation factor
g/kgcl kiln inlet

g/kgcl at inlet system
valve
g/kgcl at by pass dust
g/kgcl at kiln inlet - g/kgcl within clinker
residual component

g/kgcl at inlet system
K
V
R
Eng.A.Toader
SO3
Studies Calculated
0.4 - 0.6
0.42
1.0 - 2.0
1.51
0.65
0.72
0.88
Na2O
K2O
Studies
Calculated Studies Calculated
0.4 - 0.7
0.40
0.4 - 0.75
0.42
1.2 - 2.0
1.63
1.0 - 2.0
1.52
0.61
0.61
0.73
0.97
0.73
0.88
03/06/2013
BYPASS RATE
CL
Na
SO3
1.00
60
66.56
2.5
80
1.5
10
76.7
5.00
90
2.5
15.5
84.37
7.50
92.5
18
10
88.86
10.00
95
20
12.5
92.04
12.50
95
8.5
22.5
15
94.51
15.00
17.50
20.00
95
95
95
10
11
12.5
25
27.5
30
16
18
20
96.53
98.23
99.71
BY PASS RATE%
5.00
10.00
15.00
0.26
0.63
0.32
0.00
0.25
0.58
0.31
0.00
0.24
0.54
0.29
0.00
Na2O
K2O
SO3
Cl
Eng.A.Toader
%
%
%
%
CL
Na
20.00
35.00
50.00
0.24
0.50
0.28
0.00
0.21
0.37
0.23
0.00
0.18
0.24
0.19
0.00
03/06/2013
BYPASS RATE
DISTRIBUTION of R2O IN CLINKER
a (K2O)
1.060
b (Na2O)
0.440
K2O eq
0.669
K2O total
1.729
c (SO3)
0.590
F
0.341
KS
34.128
K2O eq sulfate0.590
K2O eq clinker1.139
Eng.A.Toader
total
sulfate
clinker
Na2O
0.44
0.22
0.22
K2O
1.06
0.36
0.70
SO3
0.59
0.28
0.31
0.00
03/06/2013
Parametrii tehnologici
actual
Granulometrie concasoare rest pe ciurul de 25 mm
Umiditate argila la iesire uscator
Umiditate zgura la iesire uscator
Eroare dozatoare
Mori faina
CaCO3
Grad de saturare
Rezidiu R020
R009
Omogenizare faina CaCO3
LSF
SM
AM
Cuptor
LW
CaOlibera
Clinker bine ars
Clinker sub ars
Flacara reducatoare
Flacara oxidanta
propus
0
12
4
1
2.5
8
2
12
0.25
1.5
0.01
0.01
1250
1
culoare inchisa
culoare deschisa
0
12
2
1.5
4
20
0.5
1350
1.5
granulozitate mare
granulozitate mica
granulozitate mare
granulozitate mica
CEPROCIM S.A.
HEAT EXCHANGER PARAMETERS

Range
Alarm
L
HH
420
280
320
450
-60
-40
-78
-25
330
300
420
350
150
-45
-40
-55
-25
530
410
560
520
450
350
600
-35
-30
-45
-30
650
600
700
650
600
550
750
top
down
-25
-20
-30
-15
CYCLONE 4
Temperature [o C] gas
top
material down
800
760
850
800
750
710
900
Pressure [mbar]
-15
-10
-17
-8
-8
ID FAN
Pressure [mbar]
CYCLONE 1
top
material down
Pressure [mbar]
top
CYCLONE 2
top
material down
Pressure [mbar]
top
CYCLONE 3
top
material down
Pressure [mbar]
top
down
KILN INLET
outlet
material down
min
max
330
900
810
1050
830
Pressure [mbar]
Precalcinator
outlet
-7
-3
outlet
880
920
Pressure [mbar]
outlet
Kiln inlet
O2
Preheater
O2
max 5
LL
400
-15
450
-5
850
150
1150
850
-10
-1
880
920
970
-15
-5
The burning time of the fuel coal vs fuel coal size

3.5
3.0
Burning time [sec]
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Fuel coal size [microns]
m
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
d2
mm
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
cm
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
cm2
0.000001
0.000004
0.000009
0.000016
0.000025
0.000036
0.000049
0.000064
0.000081
0.000100
0.000121
0.000144
0.000169
0.000196
0.000225
0.000256
0.000289
0.000324
0.000361
0.000400
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
T
s
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.9
3.2
min
0.0001
0.0005
0.0012
0.0021
0.0033
0.0048
0.0065
0.0085
0.0108
0.0133
0.0161
0.0192
0.0225
0.0261
0.0300
0.0341
0.0385
0.0432
0.0481
0.0533
L
W
t
64 m
24 m/s
2.67
CEPROCIM S.A.
Annex
NORMAL KILN PARAMETERS

Kiln
feed
t/h
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Kiln
sped
rpm
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
75
80
85
90
95
100
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
5300
t/h
4.07
4.51
4.94
5.39
5.83
6.26
6.68
Fuel coal
5500
t/h
3.92
4.35
4.76
5.19
5.62
6.03
6.44
5700
t/h
3.78
4.20
4.60
5.01
5.42
5.82
6.21
7.10
7.50
7.90
8.29
8.69
9.04
6.84
7.23
7.61
7.99
8.38
8.71
6.60
6.98
7.34
7.71
8.08
8.40
GAS
Cyclone 1
Cyclone 2
Cyclone 3
Cyclone 4
CO
O2
TEMPERATURE [oC]
330
400
530
560
680
710
790
810
<
0.3
<
5-6
03/06/2013
CEPROCIM S.A.
900
887.5
875
867.5
860
852.5
845
837.5
830
822.5
815
810
800
03/06/2013
Specific water evaporation as function of the hot gas temperature in the rotary dryer heated with furnace gas
280
Specific w ater evaporation
[kg/m *h]
240
200
Column
Column
Column
Column
Column
Column
160
120
D
D
D
D
D
D
80
40
0
0
200
400
600
800
Hot gas temperature
1000
[oC]
1200
1400
1600
Slopes
No.
Hot gas
temperature
Specific water
evaporation
C
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
325
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1025
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
320
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
320
24
30
37
45
54
64
75
88
103
120
33
39
46
55
64
75
87
102
118
138
44
49
56
65
74
85
98
114
119
52
58
66
75
85
98
113
131
156
188
60
66
75
85
97
113
133
159
195
250
56
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
62
70
80
91
105
123
145
175.5
219
GRINDABILITY OF COKE,COAL AND BLENDS

45
Column C
Column D
Column B
40
SPECIFIC ENERGY [kwh/t]
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
10
RESIDUE 90 mm
100
Sheet11
Grindability of cokes, coal and blends
coal HGI=50
R009
Kwh/t
1
2
3
4
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
40
30
26
24
22
17.5
14
11
8
6.5
5
3
1
cokeHGI=86.5 60coal+40coke
HGI 77
Kwh/t
Kwh/t
37
29.1
26.5
24
16
10
7.5
5.3
4
3
1.7
1
31
26
24
21
20
16
12
9
7.5
6
4
2
1
Page 125
Direct coal firing - primary air velocity versus primary air ratio
160
Primary air velocity [m/s]
140
120
100
80
60
40
10
15
Primary air ratio [%]
20
5
10
15
20
140
100
80
70
125
90
70
60
CEPROCIM S.A.
RELATII CEPROCIM PENTRU DIMENSIONAREA CUPTORULUI

No Denumire parametru
1 Productie cuptor
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Consum specific
Proportie combustibil in cuptor
Sarcina termica cuptor
Incarcare termica volumetrica zona de ardere
Diametru interior cuptor
Aria interioara
Raport lungime/diametru
Lungime cuptor
Volum interior
Incarcare cuptor
Incarcare termica pe suprafata
Incarcare termica volumetrica
Grad decarbonatare
Incarcare cuptor
Date: 03/06/2013
Simbol
P
Formula
CS
ST
q
Di
S
L/Di
L
V
K
Qs
Qv
Gr
K
P*CS
(4*ST/(3*pi*q))1/3
pi*d2/4
L*pi*d2/4
24P/V
ST/S
ST/V
UM
tpd
t/h
kcal/kg
%
Gcal/h
Gcal/(hm3)
m
m2
m3
Gcal/(hm2)
Gcal/(hm3)
%
tpd/m3
Sistem SP
24
1080
1.08
1.08
0.91
19.4
17.7
1.36
1.18
0.06
*P
*P
*P
100
*P
0.37
*P
*P
18
*P
*P
*P
*P
*P
-0.07
0.93
0.31
0.62
0.31
0.93
0.07
0.31
0
0.04 *Gr+ 0.56
4,200
175.00
756
100.00
132.34
0.37
5.35
22.42
96.21
2,158
1.95
5.90
0.06
30.00
1.88
24
1150
1.150
1.097
0.945
19.75
18.66
1.286
1.217
*P
P
*P
100
*P
0.37
*P
*P
18
*P
*P
*P
*P
0.06
-0.08
0.92
0.31
0.62
0.31
0.92
0.08
0.31
0.04 *Gr+ 0.56
CEPROCIM S.A.
Tabel nr.6
IM PENTRU DIMENSIONAREA CUPTORULUI

Sistem SP
4,200
175.00
777
100.00
135.91
0.37
5.38
22.76
96.92
2,205
1.90
5.97
0.06
30.00
1.88
Date: 03/06/2013
3,000
125.00
797
100.00
99.37
0.27
5.40
22.90
18.00
97.00
2,222
1.35
4.34
0.20
25.00
1.66
International emission level limits

Country
1 Ausria
2 Belgium
3 Chile
4 Denmark
5 Eire
6 Finland
7 France
Kiln
dust
mg/Nm3
50
150
56
100
50
50
50
Cooler
dust
mg/Nm3
50
400
100
75
50
100
SO2
Other
dust
mg/Nm3 mg/Nm3
50
200
50
400
20
50
50
30
500
400
150
500
Inorganics
mg/Nm3
500
1500
Cd,Tl,Be,As,Co,Ni,Pb
500
1300
1800
1200
Hg,Cd,Tl,As,Se,Te,Co,Pb,Sb,Cr,Ni,Cu
500
Hg,Cd,Tl,As,Se,Te,Co,Pb,Sb,Cr,Ni,Cu,Mn,V,Sn,Cn,F,Pt,Rh,
HCl,HF
Hg,Cd,Tl,Be,As,Se,Te,Co,Pb,Sb,Cr
Organics
dioxins,furans
Continuous
monitors
Comments
yes
dust,SO2,NOx
yes
yes
yes
dust,SO2,NOx
dry 10% O2
wet 6% O2
dry 10% O2
dry 10% O2
dry,average
dry,average
dust,SO2,NOx
dry,average
dust
yes
wet
varie
wet,average
8 Germany
50
50
50
9 Grece
10 Iceland
100
150
100
100
100
100
11 Italy
30
20
10
400
700
12 Japan
50
50
50
250
510
Cd,Pb,Cl,HCl,F
dust
wet,10%O2
13 Luxemburg
14 Malaysia
50
100
100
200
800
2000
Hg,Cd,Tl,Be,As,Se,Te,Co,Pb,Sb,Cr,Ni,V,HCl
dust,NOx
no
dry,10%O2
100
30
100
15 Netherland
50
10
400
1300
yes
dry,10%O2
16 Nigeria
400
NOx
50
25
25
30
400
350
17 Norway
18 Portugal
50
100
50
400
1300
19 Spain
20 Sweden
150
50
50
250
150
20
2400
500
800
21 Switzerland
50
50
50
500
800
120
40
0.15 kg/t*
50
50
50
0.05 kg/t*
50
50
50
275
200
414
900
22 Turkey
23 UK
24 USA
25 E.C.
t*=
50-100
World Cement - November 1998

1 mg/Nm3 la x % O2=(21-6)/(21-x) mg/Nm3 la 6 % O2
Cd,Ni,Pb,Cr,Cu,V
HCl,HF,NH3
TOC
Hg,Cd,As,Cu,Zn,Sb,HCl,Cl,F,H2S
Zn,CN,F
Hg,Cd,Tl,As,Se,Te,Co,Pb,Sb,Cr,Ni,Cu,Mn,V,Sn,HCl,HF,CO
HCl,HF
CO
CO
Hg,Cd,Tl,As,Se,Te,Ni,Pb,Sb,Cr,Cu,V,F,Cl,HCl,HF
wet
no
dust,SO2
dry,11%O2
TOC,dioxins,furans
yes
wet,10%O2
dioxins,furans
varie
yes
wet,7%O2
dry
yes
dry,average
dust
dust,SO2,NOx
yes
yes
dry
dry,11%O2
Cd,Ni,Cr,Cu,V,Pb,HCl,HF
40-750 1300-1800
dry feed
TOC
TOC
dioxins
TOC,dioxins,furans
TOC,dioxins,furans
1 mg/Nm3 la x % O2=(21-10)/(21-x) mg/Nm3 la 10 % O2
EVALUATION OF VIBRATION
VDI 2056/ISO 2372

Vibration severity
mm/s
evaluation grade
28.00
18.00
not acceptable
11.00
7.00
4.50
high level
2.80
1.80
acceptable
1.10
0.70
0.45
good
0.28
Group K
Small
machines
Group M
Medium
machines
Group N
Fan
machines
Group G
Large
machines
Group T
Turbo
machines
1490
1434
1879
1864
1924
1945
1857
1929
1984
2058
2064
2176
2017
1988
2119
2206
2147
2238
2264
2350
Lower calorific value versus flame temperature

2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
Flame temperature [oC]
1700
1750
2653
3250
3277
3635
4436
5069
5226
5300
5360
5493
5556
5668
5735
5777
6022
7356
7767
8000
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Lower calorific value [kcal/kg]
7000
8000
9000
cicloane
SCHIMBATOR DE CALDURA TIP WEDAG

800 t/d
d
a/b
H1
Di
H2
Numar bucati cicloane

Diametru exterior
Diametru interior
Suprafata utila
Inaltime parte cilindrica
Inaltime parte conica
Inaltime totala
Latime racord intrare gaze
Inaltime racord intrare gaze
Sectiune intrare gaze
Diametru tub imersie
d
dc
Page 134
De
Di
Su
H1
H2
H
a
b
Si
mm
mm
m2
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
m2
C1
2
###
###
5.81
###
###
###
744
###
1.05
C2
1
###
###
###
###
###
###
800
###
1.28
C3
2
###
###
8.14
###
###
###
930
###
1.46
C4
1
###
###
15.9
###
###
###
###
###
2.81
LIMITS REGARDING KILN CHARGE

KILN
D
Di
S
L
V
Volumetric load
P
m
m
sq.m
m
m3
tpd/m3
tpd
KILN CHARGE
P
production
n
speed
max.speed
max.speed
kiln inclination
Di
kiln inner diameter
S
inside surface
L
length
V
volume
K
Max
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
956
2.30
2,199
Min
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
956
1.80
1,721
Average
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
956
1.89
1,807
tpd
rpm
rph
%
%
m
sq.m
m
m3
1,807
2.2
132
82.50
3
4.2
13.85
69
956
0.15
1,807
2.0
120
75.00
3
4.2
13.85
69
956
0.15
1,807
1.8
108
67.50
3
4.2
13.85
69
956
0.15
1,807
1.6
96
60.00
3
4.2
13.85
69
956
0.15
1,807
1.4
84
52.50
3
4.2
13.85
69
956
0.15
36.09
39.70
44.11
49.63
56.72
4.31
4.74
5.26
5.92
6.77
rad
deg
%
m
1.27
72.68
5.00
0.41
1.32
75.74
5.61
0.44
1.40
80.06
6.56
0.49
1.48
84.74
7.69
0.55
1.60
91.75
9.58
0.64
DURATION IN THE KILN

=
K*L
[min]
Di*n*
THEORETICAL DEGREE OF FILLING

P/24/60/1.1*100
=
V
angle of mat.in kiln
largest arrow height
N1=
86.4*(Disin)3Lnc
N2
A.Toader
kW
153.68
0
03/06/2013
MAX FILING DEGREE

Di
di
Hmax
1-Hmax/r
kiln inner diameter

kiln inlet opening
m
m
4.20
2.55
rad
deg
0.83
0.61
1.84
105.25
100
max=
100*sin( )
-
max=
A.Toader
13.88
%
2*
360
%
03/06/2013

KILN
D
Di
S
L
V
Volumetric load
P
m
m
sq.m
m
m3
tpd/m3
tpd
KILN CHARGE
P
production
n
speed
max.speed
max.speed
kiln inclination
Di
kiln inner diameter
S
inside surface
L
length
V
volume
K
Max
5.8
5.4
22.90
97
2222
2.30
5,109
Min
5.8
5.4
22.90
97
2222
1.80
3,999
Average
5.8
5.4
22.90
97
2222
2.05
4,000
tpd
rpm
rph
%
%
m
sq.m
m
m3
4,000
2.0
120
75.00
3
5.4
22.90
97
2,222
0.15
4,000
1.8
108
67.50
3
5.4
22.90
97
2,222
0.15
4,000
1.6
96
60.00
3
5.4
22.90
97
2,222
0.15
4,000
1.4
84
52.50
3
5.4
22.90
97
2,222
0.15
4,000
1.2
72
45.00
3
5.4
22.90
97
2,222
0.15
43.41
48.23
54.26
62.01
72.35
4.93
5.48
6.17
7.05
8.22
rad
deg
%
m
1.27
72.68
5.00
0.53
1.32
75.74
5.61
0.57
1.40
80.06
6.56
0.63
1.48
84.74
7.69
0.71
1.60
91.75
9.58
0.82

=
K*L
[min]
Di*n*

P/24/60/1.1*100
=
V
MAX FILING DEGREE
A.Toader
03/06/2013
Di
di
Hmax
1-Hmax/r
kiln inner diameter

kiln inlet opening
m
m
5.40
3.28
rad
deg
1.06
0.61
1.84
105.25
100
max=
100*sin( )
-
max=
A.Toader
13.88
%
2*
360
%
03/06/2013
ANSWER
1 KILN SYSTEM
Heat Consumption
Power consumption
L/d ratio
Volumetric load
Burning zone load
WET
kcal/kg
kWh/t
SEMIWET SEMIDRY
1100-1600
110-120
25-40
tpd/m3
0.8-1
kcal/h/m2 *10 6
6.5
1100-950
115-120
20-25
6.5
DRY
SP
NSP
800-850 790-820
120-125 100-115
14-16
14-16
1.8-2.3
3.6-4.8
2.8-5.5
2.4-4.8
5 STAGES
750-790
10 - 14
2.4-4.8
2
efficiency of preheater tower (type of cyclones particle size distribution of material)
false air in preheater tower ( integrity of installation)
characteristics of preheater fan( real flow of fan)
efficiency of calcinator
the circulation of material inside of preheater ( flaps or cutting)
the correlation between feed and oil in installation (operation)
daily running time of kiln
by pass rate at minimum in correlation with kiln feed characteristics
3 Criteria for chose the kiln system is depending by limestone humidity
4 L/D ratio
L
68.00
D
4.80
L/D
14.17
OIL CONSUMPTION
kiln
5.8 m3/h
Pyroclon
9.3 m3/h
Total oil
15.1 m3/h
15100 l/h
Density of oil at 120 o C
0.88 kg/l
Total oil
13,213 kg/h
Burning zone load
oil in kiln
5.8 m3/h
Density of oil at 120 o C
0.88 kg/l massic flow[kg/h]= volumetric flow[m3/h]*density[kg/m3]
massic flow of oil for kiln
5,075 kg/h
inside diameter
4.36 m
cross section of kiln
14.92 sq. m
oil in kiln [kg/h]lower heat of comb[kcal/kg]
Burning zone load
3.23E+06 kcal/sq.m/h
cross section [sqm]
Volumetric load
inside diameter
4.36 m
inside volume[m3]=PI*inside dia.2*lenght/4
length of kiln
68 m
inside volume of kiln
1,015 m3
production of kiln
3100 tpd
clinker output [t/d]
Volumetric load
3.05 tpd/m3
inside volume of kiln[ [m3]
Heat consumption
production of kiln
3100
tpd
129,167
kg/h
lower heat of combustion
9500
kcal/kgoil
oil for kiln
5075
kg/h
main burner [kgoil/h]lower heat of comb[kcal/kgoil]
heat consumption for kiln 373
kcal/kg
oil for pyroclon
8,138
kg/h
clinker output [kg/h]
heat consumption for Py
599
kcal/kg
total heat consumption
972
kcal/kg
Pyroclon [kgoil/h]low calorifique value[kcal/kgoil]
Max production
Volumetric load
volume of kiln
Max production
4.80
1,015
4,871
Max Burning zone load

heat consumption for kiln
373
Max production
202,946
Cross section of kiln
14.92
Max Burning zone load 5.08E+06
tpd/m3
m3
tpd
clinker output [kg/h]

202,946 kg/h
kcal/kg
kg/h
sq. m
kcal/h/m2
Page 139
5 POSITION
kiln inlet
stage 4
stage 3
stage 2
stage 1
ID
TERTIARY AIR
6 Wet process
slurry water content
exaust.gases temp
heat consumption
7 Kiln wet process
Production
length
diameter
inside diameter
L/D
cross section of kiln
volume of kiln
Volumetric load
oil kiln
heat consumption
thermal load
max thermal load
calorific flow
heat consumption min.
max production
max. volumetric load
T gas
deg C
950-1100
830-870
700-780
530-600
320-370
320-350
750-850
Tmat
deg C
790-820
650-700
500-550
35-45
%
250-300 deg C
1100-1600 kcal/kg
720
150
4
3.6
37.5
10.17
1,526
0.47
5,400
1,710
5.04E+06
6.50E+06
6.61E+07
1,100
60,117
0.95
tpd
m
m
m
p
mbar
3-5
10 - 15
20-28
30-35
40-50
55-70
5,434
6,688 kJ/kg
30 t/h
sqm
m3
tpd/m3
kg/h
kcal/kg
kcal/h/sqm
kcal/h/sqm
kcal/h
kcal/kg
kg/h
tpd/m3
180 kgoil/tcl
1,443 tpd
SCHIMBATOR DE CALDURA SI PYROCLON S

OUTLET STAGE 1
OUTLET STAGE 2
OUTLET STAGE 3
OUTLET STAGE 4
INLET KILN
p
t gas
O2
CO2
CO
Dust content
Total flow
p
t gas
O2
p
t gas
O2
p
t gas
O2
t mat
LOI
p
t gas
O2
CO2
CO
Dust content
Total flow
49
320
2
26
0
20
1.4
35
480
2
23.5
650
2
11.8
780
2
780
15
2
1050
1
18
0
50
1.15
mbar
380 o C
5%
34 %
%
30 g/m3
1.6 Nm3/kg
mbar
550 o C
5%
mbar
730 o C
5%
mbar
850 o C
5%
830 o C
25 %
mbar
1250 o C
3%
24 %
%
150 g/m3
1.25 Nm3/kg
Page 140
(760 mm Hg)
30000
25000
20000
15000
Column B
10000
5000
0
0
100
200
300
400
Page 141
500
600
700
15
30000
25000
20000
15000
Column D
10000
5000
0
0
100
200
300
400
Page 142
500
600
700
30
30000
25000
20000
15000
Column F
10000
5000
0
0
100
200
300
400
Page 143
500
600
700
45
30000
25000
20000
15000
Column H
10000
5000
0
0
100
200
300
400
Page 144
500
600
700
RADIATIE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
0
0
33
68
106
147
191
238
288
340
395
452
510
570
632
697
763
831
901
972
1044
1119
1196
1275
1356
1439
1524
1611
1700
1791
1885
1981
2079
2179
2282
2387
2495
2605
2717
2832
2950
3070
3192
3316
3442
3571
3702
3837
3976
4120
4268
4421
4577
4736
4898
5063
-130
-71
-12
47
107
167
228
290
352
414
478
542
608
674
741
810
880
951
1023
1097
1172
1249
1327
1407
1489
1572
1658
1745
1834
1926
2019
2115
2213
2314
2416
2522
2630
2740
2853
2969
3088
3209
3334
3462
3592
3726
3863
4003
4147
4294
4445
4599
4757
4918
5083
15
0
0
0
0
31
68
109
154
202
253
306
361
418
477
538
602
668
736
805
875
947
1021
1098
1178
1261
1346
1432
1520
1610
1703
1797
1894
1993
2094
2197
2301
2408
2518
2632
2750
2871
2994
3119
3246
3376
3508
3643
3782
3925
4071
4220
4372
4527
4685
4856
-211
-157
-104
-49
5
61
117
173
231
289
348
408
469
531
594
659
724
791
859
929
1000
1073
1147
1223
1301
1380
1461
1545
1630
1717
1806
1897
1991
2087
2185
2285
2388
2494
2602
2712
2825
2941
3060
3182
3306
3434
3564
3698
3835
3975
4118
4265
4415
4568
4725
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
39
80
123
167
215
267
323
382
445
509
574
641
709
778
850
925
1003
1083
1163
1251
1338
1427
1518
1610
1704
1801
1901
2004
2110
2218
2328
2440
2554
2671
2791
2914
3041
3172
3306
3443
3583
3726
3871
4019
4170
4324
4481
4641
Page 145
-197
-155
-113
-70
-26
18
64
110
157
206
255
306
358
411
466
522
580
639
700
762
826
892
960
1030
1101
1175
1251
1329
1409
1491
1576
1663
1753
1845
1940
2037
2137
2240
2345
2454
2565
2679
2797
2917
3041
3168
3298
3432
3569
3709
3853
4001
4152
4307
4465
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
37
80
127
178
232
289
348
409
472
538
608
679
753
829
906
985
1066
1150
1237
1327
1420
1515
1612
1711
1812
1913
2018
2126
2238
2353
2471
2594
2722
2854
2987
3121
3254
3388
3524
3661
3801
3947
4100
4260
4426
-267
-230
-192
-153
-113
-71
-29
14
59
104
151
200
250
301
354
408
465
523
582
644
707
773
840
910
982
1056
1132
1211
1292
1375
1461
1550
1641
1735
1831
1931
2033
2138
2246
2358
2472
2590
2711
2835
2962
3093
3227
3365
3507
3652
3801
3953
4110
4270
4435
RADIATIE
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
470
475
480
485
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
525
530
535
540
545
550
5231
5402
5576
5753
5933
6116
6303
6494
6690
6891
7096
7305
7518
7736
7959
8188
8421
8658
8899
9144
9392
9645
9904
10169
10440
10716
10998
11286
11580
11880
12184
12493
12806
13123
13444
13770
14104
14448
14803
15169
15545
15925
16309
16696
17086
17481
17884
18296
18717
19148
19587
20033
20485
20943
21408
21879
5253
5426
5602
5783
5969
6158
6351
6549
6751
6958
7169
7384
7605
7830
8060
8294
8534
8778
9028
9282
9542
9807
10078
10354
10635
10922
11214
11512
11816
12125
12441
12762
13089
13422
13762
14108
14460
14818
15182
15553
15931
16315
16706
17104
17508
17920
18338
18763
19195
19635
20081
20535
20997
21465
21941
22425
5011
5181
5356
5539
5721
5907
6097
6290
6485
6682
6882
7088
7300
7519
7744
7975
8209
8446
8685
8925
9168
9418
9676
9942
10217
10499
10785
11075
11369
11667
11968
12274
12586
12904
13228
13559
13898
14245
14601
14966
15338
15714
16094
16478
16866
17259
17661
18072
18493
18924
19364
19810
20262
20721
21186
21657
4886
5050
5218
5390
5565
5744
5928
6115
6306
6502
6701
6905
7113
7326
7543
7764
7990
8221
8456
8696
8940
9190
9444
9704
9968
10238
10512
10792
11077
11367
11663
11964
12271
12583
12901
13224
13554
13889
14230
14576
14929
15288
15653
16024
16401
16785
17175
17571
17974
18383
18799
19221
19650
20086
20529
20978
4805
4973
5145
5322
5503
5689
587
6070
6266
6466
6671
6880
7092
7308
7528
7751
7980
8215
8456
8703
8957
9214
9474
9738
10005
10276
10554
10839
11132
11433
11741
12053
12369
12689
13013
13340
13676
14020
14373
14735
15104
15478
15857
16242
16632
17029
17434
17847
18268
18697
19133
19574
20029
20488
20954
21426
Page 146
4628
4794
4965
5139
5317
5500
5687
5878
6073
6273
6477
6685
6899
7116
7339
7566
7798
8035
8276
8523
8775
9032
9294
9561
9833
10111
10394
10683
10977
11276
11582
11893
12210
12532
12861
13195
13535
13882
14234
14593
14958
15329
15706
16090
16481
16878
17281
17692
18108
18532
18963
19400
19844
20296
20754
21220
4598
4774
4945
5120
5296
5473
5656
5845
6040
6241
6449
6659
6871
7086
7304
7524
7751
7985
8226
8475
8731
8989
9249
9512
9778
10048
10326
10612
10905
11205
11513
11825
12141
12461
12785
13115
13452
13796
14148
14508
14875
15247
15624
16007
16396
16792
17197
17611
18033
18463
18900
19344
19795
20254
20721
21193
4603
4775
4952
5133
5318
5507
5701
5899
6101
6308
6520
6737
6958
7184
7415
7651
7891
8137
8388
8644
8905
9172
9444
9721
10003
10292
10585
10885
11190
11501
11818
12140
12469
12803
13144
13490
13843
14202
14568
14939
15317
15702
16093
16491
16895
17306
17724
18149
18581
19019
19465
19917
20377
20844
21318
21800
RADIATIE
555
560
565
570
575
580
585
590
595
600
22359
22850
23352
23865
24388
24917
25452
25992
26538
27089
22916
23415
23922
24436
24959
25489
26028
26574
27129
27691
22137
22627
23127
23638
24158
24685
25219
25760
26307
26861
21435
21899
22369
22847
23332
23824
24323
24830
25344
25866
21907
22397
22897
23407
23927
24455
24991
25535
26088
26649
Page 147
21693
22173
22660
23155
23657
24166
24683
25208
25741
26281
21674
22164
22664
23174
23694
24221
24755
25296
25844
26399
22289
22785
23289
23801
24320
24846
25381
25923
26473
27031
0.2900
0.2700
0.2500
0.2300
Column B
Column C
Column F
0.2100
0.1900
0.1700
0.1500
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
T3
T2
3.00E-11 -1.00E-07
T
0
K
0.38
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
T2
T
0 1.18E-04
kcal/kggrd
0.1960
0.2057
0.2145
0.2224
0.2296
0.2361
0.2421
0.2476
0.2527
0.2576
0.2622
0.2668
0.2713
0.2760
0.2807
K
0.2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
kcal/Nm3grd
0.3848
0.4038
0.4210
0.4366
0.4507
0.4636
0.4753
0.4861
0.4962
0.5057
0.5148
0.5237
0.5326
0.5417
0.5511
0.1960
0.2074
0.2179
0.2275
0.2363
0.2443
0.2513
0.2575
0.2629
0.2674
0.2710
0.2738
0.2757
0.2767
0.2769
real
0.1966
0.2063
0.2175
0.2272
0.2353
0.2425
0.2491
0.2547
0.2598
0.2649
0.2695
0.2741
EU
0.1960
0.2057
0.2145
0.2224
0.2296
0.2361
0.2421
0.2476
0.2527
0.2576
0.2622
0.2668
0.0006
0.0006
0.0030
0.0048
0.0057
0.0063
0.0070
0.0071
0.0071
0.0073
0.0072
0.0073
FLS
0.1960
0.2074
0.2179
0.2275
0.2363
0.2443
0.2513
0.2575
0.2629
0.2674
0.2710
0.2738
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
0.0006
-0.0011
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0010
-0.0018
-0.0022
-0.0028
-0.0031
-0.0025
-0.0015
0.0003
0.38
0.386
0.405
0.427
0.446
0.462
0.476
0.489
0.500
0.510
0.520
0.529
0.538
0.544
0.550
0.556
1200
1300
1400
0.2771
0.2802
0.2832
0.2713
0.2760
0.2807
0.0058
0.0042
0.0025
0.0765
0.2757
0.2767
0.2769
0.0014
0.0034
0.0063
-0.0045
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
CALDURI
SPECIFIC HEAT
T3
T2
CO2
kcal/Nm3
3.00E-11
H2O
kcal/Nm3
3.00E-12
N2
AIR
CLINKER
MATERIAL
COAL
oil
kcal/Nm3
kcal/Nm3
kcal/kg
kcal/kg
kcal/kg
-2.00E-11
-1.00E-11
-1.00E-07
0.38
6.00E-09
5.00E-05
0.36
4.00E-08
3.00E-08
4.00E-06
7.00E-06
0
0
0
0
0.31
0.31
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.42
T2
CO2
kcal/kg
1.18E-04
0.2
kcal/kg
N2
kcal/kg
AIR
kcal/kg
CLINKER kcal/kg
MATERIAL kcal/kg
COAL kcal/kg
oil
kcal/kg
2.80E-08
3.90E-05
0.44
0
0
0
0
0
0.24
0.24
0.19
0.21
0.26
H2O
air
0.370
0.365
f(x) = 0x + 0.32
R = 0.99
0.360
0.355
0.350
0.345
0.340
Column P
Linear Regression for
Column P
0.335
0.330
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
Page 153
2,400
2,600
CALDURI
co2
0.61
0.6
f(x) = 0x + 0.5
R = 0.99
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.56
0.55
Column J
Column J
0.54
0.53
0.52
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
h2o
0.5
0.49
f(x) = 0x + 0.37
R = 1
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.43
Column L
Column L
0.42
0.41
0.4
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
Page 154
2400
2600
0.45
0.44
CALDURI
0.43
Column L
Column L
0.42
0.41
0.4
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
n2
0.37
0.36
f(x) = 0x + 0.32
R = 0.99
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.34
Column N
Column N
0.34
0.33
1000
t
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1200
1400
1600
1800
CO2
H2O
kcal/Nm3grd kcal/Nm3grd
0.386
0.355
0.405
0.360
0.427
0.365
0.446
0.370
0.462
0.375
0.476
0.380
0.429
0.385
0.500
0.390
0.510
0.397
0.520
0.403
0.529
0.410
0.538
0.417
0.544
0.422
0.550
0.427
0.556
0.433
2000
O2
kcal/Nm3grd
0.314
0.319
0.322
0.326
0.331
0.335
0.339
0.343
0.347
0.350
0.354
0.355
0.357
0.359
0.361
2200
2400
N2
kcal/Nm3grd
0.310
0.311
0.313
0.314
0.317
0.319
0.322
0.325
0.328
0.331
0.334
0.337
0.339
0.342
0.345
Page 155
2600
AIR
kcal/Nm3grd
0.311
0.312
0.313
0.315
0.318
0.321
0.324
0.327
0.330
0.334
0.337
0.340
0.342
0.344
0.347
VISCOZITATE
VISCOZITATE CINEMATICA [m2/s] x 10 6

T
-50
0
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
AIR
9.5
13.7
18.5
23.7
35.6
49.1
63.9
80.2
97.7
118.5
136
156.8
178.4
201
224.5
VISCOZITATE OIL
oE
normal
2-2.5
oil
oil
N2
9.6
13.7
18.4
23.6
35.4
48.5
64.1
80.9
98.8
118.2
139
161.1
184.3
208.8
234.5
O2
9.5
13.9
18.8
24.1
36.1
49.9
65.4
82.4
100.9
120.8
142.1
164.1
188.4
215.5
239.4
H2
68.5
96.6
127.8
162.8
242.4
334
437.5
550.7
674.8
808.2
951.8
CO
9.5
13.7
18.4
23.7
35.9
49.8
63.5
82.4
100.6
120.8
142.2
164.7
188.6
213.6
239.9
CO2
4.8
7.2
9.9
13
20.3
28.5
37.9
48.2
59.4
71.4
84.2
97.9
112.3
127.5
143.5
84.75
11.46
2.39
0.1
9740
t
C
80
100
110
120
E
5.78
2.75
2.27
2.02
85.54
11.83
1.48
0.1
9715
t
C
80
100
110
120
E
5.78
3.70
3.00
2.50
cSt
11 - 17
s Saybolt s Redwood
80 - 95.5
65 - 90
oE
2.48
3
4.8
8.8
14
23
43
87
cSt
17
20.6
34.2
65
108
173
324
648
s Saybolt s Redwood
c
h
s
w
Hi
%
%
%
%
kcal/kg
c
h
s
w
Hi
%
%
%
%
kcal/kg
100
160
300
500
800
1500
3000
89
145
292
438
800
1400
2800
Page 156
H2O
1.79
0.55
0.3
0.16
0.13
Determination of acid dew point

1000
t=
-273
1.7842+0.0269*logpwater - 0.1029*logpSO3+0.0329*logpwater*logpSO3
SO3(ppm)*pB(hPa)
pSO3=
[bar]
106*103
H2O(vol%)*pB(hPa)
pwater=
[bar]
102*103
pB=
1013 hPa
[oC]
Productie [tpd]
CUPTOARE ROTATIVE CU SCHIMBATOARE DE CALDURA IN SUSPENSIE PENTRU DIFERITE ALTITUDINI

2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
3.5
Column E
Column F
Column G
Column H
Column I
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
Diametrul tolei cuptorului [m]
A.Toader
03/06/2013
Pierderile de caldura prin peretii cuptorului
Trcerea caldurii
Q=
kF(q1-q2)
k=
1/(1/1 +/+1/2)
1,2
suprafata incalzita [m2]

grosime perete in m
coeficienti de transmitere a caldurii [kcal/m2hgrad]
conductibilitate termica [kcal/mhgrad]
Tip
Grosime
400
Samota
1 caramida
kcal/m2h
Temperatura interioara a peretelui [oC]

600
800
1000
1200
1400
conductibilitate termica aer [kcal/mhgrad]
5
0.037
10
0.056
20
0.096
30
0.136
grosime in [mm]
40
50
60
0.178
0.222
0.268
80
0.364
100
0.470
120
0.580
150
0.740
50
100
0.051
0.068
0.081
0.113
0.142
0.204
0.204
0.295
0.268
0.390
0.334
0.480
0.400
0.580
0.540
0.780
0.690
0.990
0.840
1.200
1.070
1.510
200
300
500
1000
0.118
0.190
0.410
1.740
0.206
0.346
0.800
3.420
0.390
0.660
1.550
6.780
0.560
0.970
2.300
10.100
0.750
1.290
3.060
13.500
0.930
1.600
3.820
16.900
1.110
1.920
4.590
20.200
1.490
2.560
6.120
27.000
2.870
3.210
7.650
33.700
2.250
3.760
9.190
40.400
2.840
4.840
11.500
50.500
temperatura
VARIATIA PRODUCTIEI CUPTORULUI FUNCTIE DE ALTITUDINE
1700
1600
PRODUCTIE [tpd]
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
500
1000
1500
ALTITUDINE [m]
2000
2500
3000
PROPERTY OF DRY AIR AT PRESSURE P=1 bar
oC
kg/m3
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
cp
o
o
-3
o
-6
kJ/kg/ K 10-3 K
10 W/m/ K 10 kg/m/s 10-6m2/s
3.85
1.07
11.7
9
6.44
3.13
1.04
9.32
10.9
7.85
2.64
1.02
7.76
12.7
9.2
2.29
1.01
6.66
14.6
2.02
1.01
5.85
16.4
1.81
1.01
5.22
18.16
1.64
1.01
4.72
19.83
1.5
1.01
4.3
21.45
1.38
1.01
3.96
23.01
1.28
1.01
3.67
24.54
1.19
1.01
3.42
26.03
1.11
1.01
3.2
27.49
1.05
1.01
3.01
28.94
0.99
1.01
2.84
30.38
0.93
1.01
2.68
31.81
0.89
1.01
2.55
33.23
0.84
1.02
2.42
34.66
0.8
1.02
2.31
36.07
0.77
1.02
2.21
37.49
0.74
1.03
2.12
38.91
0.67
1.04
1.91
42.43
0.61
1.05
1.75
45.91
0.56
1.06
1.61
49.31
0.52
1.07
1.49
52.57
0.48
1.08
1.38
55.64
0.45
1.09
1.29
58.48
0.4
1.12
1.15
63.5
0.36
1.14
1.03
67.8
0.32
1.16
0.93
71.3
0.3
1.17
0.85
74.3
0.27
1.19
0.79
76.8
10-6m2/s
Pr
altitudine
INFLUENTA ALTITUDINII ASUPRA INDICILOR REALIZABILI

TEMPERATURA MEDIU AMBIANT
t
15
h
m
1800
0.0065*h
t
C
3.3
o
1.00E-04
PRESIUNE ATMOSFERICA
p
p
=
=
p0 *(1-0.225694*10 h)
-4*
5.2553
10333*e-0.0001255*H
mmWG
p0
mmHg
760
m
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
2500
h
mmHg
716.00
674.08
634.17
611.16
596.20
560.09
kg/m3
kg/m3
1.29
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
2500
kg/Nm3
1.29
1.23
1.17
1.11
1.08
1.06
1.23
1.17
1.11
1.08
1.06
1.01
m
kg
1.29
1.23
1.17
1.11
1.08
1.06
h
m
0
tpd
1400
%
100
1350
1302
1254
1226
1208
1119
96.44
92.97
89.59
87.60
86.29
79.95
DENSITATE ATMOSFERICA
0 *(1-0.225694*10-4*h)4.2553
4.26
AIR MASS
V
Nm 3
1
P0
tpd
KILN OUTPUT
h
m
0
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
P0 *(1-0.225694*10-4*h)3.1915
1400
INLET KILN DIAMETER

D
D0 /(1-0.225694*10-4*h)1.0638
P0
21.43*D3
D
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
pb/p0
Cs0
kcal/kg
820
P0
640
1000
1450
2100
h
m
500
1000
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
3000
Corectie
0.9421 1.061
0.8869 1.127
0.8344 1.198
0.8042 1.244
0.7845 1.275
0.7370 1.357
/0
0/
0.953
0.907
0.864
0.838
0.822
0.781
F
corection
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.16
1.19
1.22
P
D0
m
4
m
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
m
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.18
4.20
%
101.21
102.46
103.73
104.51
105.04
h1
1 km
580
920
1350
1900
h2
2km
540
840
1200
1750
h3
3km
480
760
1120
1550
h4
4km
440
680
1000
1410
(0/)0.75
pb/p0
1.0369
1.0756
1.0437
1.0910
Page 215
1.0495
1.1020
1.1578
1.1930
1.2172
1.2804
altitudine
Cs/Cs0
Cs0
850
QgN/QgoN
Cs0
850
P=
1500
1800
2000
1.1162
1.1415
1.1588
1.1423
1.1753
1.1982
h
m
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
(0/)0.5 Cs
1.0244
1.0498
1.0760
1.0923
1.1033
858
867
875
881
885
h
m
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
(0/)0.75
(0/)0.5
1.0369
1.0756
1.1162
1.1415
1.1588
1.0244
1.0498
1.0760
1.0923
1.1033
QgN/QgoN
1.011
1.023
1.036
1.044
1.049
1.030
1.062
1.095
1.116
1.130
101325*(1-2,5577-5*H)5,25588
Gain (or loss) of pressure (Open circuit
The gain (or this loss) of relative pressure will be taken into account for the evaluation of the pressure losses on the open circuits, suc
p=
H*(air0-air1)*9,81
With:
G = Gain or loss of pressure in mmCE
H = Difference of height in m
air0 = Density of the ambient air, expressed in kg/m3 (according to the level of altitude)
1.294
air1 = Density of the ambient air, expressed in kg/m3 (according to the level of altitude)
1.171
Page 216
1208
1000
altitudine
1600
p0
mmWG
10333
m
300
1000
1500
1800
2000
2500
mmWG
9,951
9,114
8,560
8,244
8,039
7,550
p0
Pa
101325
h
m
300
1000
1500
1800
2000
2500
p
Pa
100,129
99,536
99,181
98,945
98,358
101,325
1600
100
1543
1488
1433
1402
1381
1279
110.22
106.26
102.39
100.12
98.62
91.37
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
3000
Page 217
Corectie
0.9630 1.038
0.8821 1.134
0.8284 1.207
0.7978 1.253
0.7780 1.285
0.7307 1.369
altitudine
valuation of the pressure losses on the open circuits, such as for example a gas feeding.
Page 218
Celsius degree vs Farenheit degree

200
f(x) = 1.8x + 32
R = 1
180
160
140
oF
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
oC
60
70
80
90
100
temperatura
TEMPERATURE SCALE
K
C
R
F
K
X
x-273
5/4x+273
5/9*(x-32)+273
C
X-273
X
5/4x
5/9(x-32)
R
4/5x-273
4/5x
x
4/9(x-32)
F
9/5*(x-273)+32
9/5x+32
9/4x+32
x
TRANSFORMATION
Q0 =
Q
Q
m3/h
256,370
273/(273+t [o C])* b/760

t
C
90
o
h
m
0
500
1000
1500
1800
2000
b
mmHg
760
716
674
634
611
596
C
0 - 30
30-600
30-300
0.9
0.95
0.25
EMISIVITY
o
FONTA RUGOASA
OTEL NETED
MAT DE CONSTRUCTII
CIMENT
BETON
CLINKER
Temp oC
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Nm3/h
192,807
181,644
171,010
160,886
155,048
151,253
%
0.75
0.71
0.67
0.63
0.60
0.59
0.96
0.93
Color of the radiation

dark red ,just visible
dark red
dark red
cherry red
bright cherry red
orange red
bright orange to yellow
bright yellow
bright yellow to white
white
white to brilliant white
brillant white
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

Type
Q0
Fluid
Application
ENG.A.TOADER
temperatura
Fluid
-UType
Application
Gases at
atmospheric
pressure inside and
outside tubes
Gases at high
pressure inside and
outside tubes
Liquid outside
(inside) and gas at
Tubular, heating or cooling atmospheric
pressure inside
(outside) tubes
Gas at high pressure
inside and liquid
outside tubes
Liquids inside and
outside tubes
Steam outside and
liquid inside tubes
Steam outside and
cooling water inside
tubes
Tubular, condensation Organic vapors or
ammonia outside
and cooling water
inside tubes
steam outside and
high-viscous liquid
inside tubes, natural
circulation
steam outside and
low-viscous liquid
Tubular, evaporation
inside tubes, natural
circulation
steam outside and
liquid inside tubes,
forced circulation
Cooling of water
Cooling of liquid light
hydrocarbons
Cooling of tar
Cooling of air or flue
Air-cooled heat exchangers gas
Cooling of
hydrocarbon gas
Condensation of low
pressure steam
Condensation of
organic vapors
Plate heat exchanger
liquid to liquid
Spiral heat exchanger
liquid to liquid
condensing vapor to
liquid
W/(m .K)
Btu/(ft2.F.h)
Water
5 - 35
1-6
Water
150 - 500
25 - 90
Water
15 - 70
3 - 15
Water
200 - 400
35 - 70
Water
150 - 1200
25 - 200
Water
300 - 1200
50 - 200
Air
1500 - 4000
250 - 700
Air
300 - 1200
50 - 200
Steam
300 - 900
50 - 150
Steam
600 - 1700
100 - 300
Steam
900 - 3000
150 - 500
Steam
600 - 750
100 - 130
Steam
400 - 550
70 - 95
Steam
30 - 60
5 - 10
Steam
60 - 180
10 - 30
200 - 450
35 - 80
700 - 850
125 - 150
350 - 500
65 - 90
1000 - 4000
150 - 700
700 - 2500
125 - 500
900 - 3500
150 - 700
Building Element
Doors
Ht = U A dt (1)
where
Ht = heat loss (btu/hr, W)
Roofing
ENG.A.TOADER
temperatura
U = "U-value" (btu/hr ft2 oF, W/m2K)
Roofing
A = wall area (ft2, m2)
dt = temperature difference (oF, K)
U and R-values
Windows
U-value (or U-factor) is a measure of the rate of heat loss or gain through a construction of materials. The lower the
Walls
The U-value of a construction consisting of several layers can be expressed as
U = 1 / R (2)
where
R = "R-value" - the resistance to heat flow in each layer (hr sq.ft oF/btu)
The R-value of the single layer can be expressed as:
R = 1 / C = lt / K (3)
where
C = layer conductance (btu/hr ft2 oF)
K = layer conductivity (btu in/hr ft2 oF)
lt = thickness of layer (inches)
ENG.A.TOADER
temperatura
oC
Transmission
Surface
Fluid
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
oF
32
50
68
86
104
122
140
158
176
194
100
212
Overall Heat Transmission Coefficient
ENG.A.TOADER
temperatura
Transmission
Surface
Fluid
(Btu/ft2 hr oF)
(W/m2 K)
Cast Iron
Air or Gas
1.4
7.9
Mild Steel
Air or Gas
2.0
11.3
Copper
Air or Gas
2.3
13.1
Cast Iron
Water
40 - 50
230 - 280
Mild Steel
Water
60 - 70
340 - 400
Copper
Water
60 - 80
340 - 455
Cast Iron
Air
1.0
5.7
Mild Steel
Air
1.4
7.9
Cast Iron
Air
2.0
11.3
Mild Steel
Air
2.5
14.2
Copper
Air
3.0
17
Cast Iron
Water
160
910
Mild Steel
Water
185
1050
Copper
Water
205
1160
Stainless Steel
Water
120
680
1 Btu/ft2 hr oF = 5.678 W/m2 K = 4.882 kcal/h m2 oC - Unit Converter
Heat-Transfer Coefficient
Building Element
Single sheet metal
(Btu/hr ft2 oF)
(W/m2K)
1.2
6.8
1 inch - wood
0.65
3.7
2 inches - wood
metal uninsulated
1 inch wood uninsulated
2 inches wood un-insulated
1 inch wood - 1
inch insulation
2 inch wood - 1
inch insulation
2 inches concrete slab
0.45
2.6
1.5
8.5
0.5
2.8
0.3
1.7
0.2
1.1
0.15
0.9
0.3
1.7
ENG.A.TOADER
temperatura
2 inches concrete slab - 1

inch insulation
Vertical single
glazed window
Vertical double
glazed window
Vertical double
glazed window
with "Low-E"
coatings
Vertical double
glazed window
with "Low-E"
coatings and
heavy gas filling
Vertical double
glazed window
with 3 plastic
films ("Low-E"
coated) and
heavy gas filling
Horizontal single
glass
8 inches poured concrete
12 inches poured concrete
0.15
0.9
1.1
0.5
0.32
1.8
0.27
1.5
0.06
0.35
1.4
7.9
0.25
1.4
0.2
1.1
ENG.A.TOADER
densitati
DENSITATI UZUALE
kg/m3
FONTA
7250
OTEL
7800
APA
1000
Hg
13600
OIL
850-950
MATERIAL
1500
FAINA
1100
FAINA FLUID
750
CLINKER
1350-1450
CIMENT
1100
AIR
O2
N2
CO2
H2O
=
1=
1.29
1.43
1.25
1.96
0.8
T0
* ( Pb+Pst)
Pb
oil= 0.95-0.00063*t
oil= 8e-9*t3+1e-6t2-0.0011*t+0.9716
Page 226
+ C* (t - t1)
densitati
0
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.9
0.9
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
1
C
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.9
0.9
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Page 227
C
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.9
0.9
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
transformari
Normal
DECI
CENTI
MILI
MICRO
NANO
PICO
FEMTO
ATTO
ZEPTO
Yocto
d
c
m
n
p
f
a
z
y
0.1
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+05
1.00E+08
1.00E+11
1.00E+14
1.00E+17
1.00E+20
1.00E+23
NORMAL
0
%
0
1PPM NO
1.34
1PPM NO2
2.05
mgNO/Nm3
mgNO2/Nm3
1PPM SO2
1PPM CO
2.86
1.25
PPM
mg/Nm3
la x % O2
Normal
DECA
HECTO
KILO
MEGA
GIGA
TERA
PETA
EXA
Zetta
Yotta
mgSO2/Nm3
mgCO/Nm3
(21-15)/(21-x)
mg/Nm3
Heat
Designation
heat loss per unit area
termal conductivity
heat transfer coefficient
specific heat
Unit
W/m2
W/Km
W/Km2
kj/kgK
Conversion factor
1.16
1.16
1.16
4.2
1 shT
1 lb
0.91
0.45
mt
kg
1 BTU
1 BTU
0.25
1.06
kcal
kJ
1BTU/shT
1/3600
kcal/kg
1oF
1.8* o C+32
1 in
1 ft
25.4
0.31
mm
m
1sq ft
1 cu.ft
0.09
0.03
m2
m3
Page 228
Unit
kcal/m2h
kcal/mhdeg.
kcal/m2hdeg.
kcal/kg o C
BTU/lb
transformari
Integer Exponents
an am = an+m (1)
an / am = an-m (2)
(an)m = anm (3)
(ab)m = am bm (4)
(a / b)m = am / bm (5)
Fractional Exponents
ap/q = (a1/q)p (6)
Page 229
transformari
da
h
k
M
G
T
P
E
Z
Y
1.00
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
1.00E-03
1.00E-06
1.00E-09
1.00E-12
1.00E-15
1.00E-18
1.00E-21
1.00E-24
la 6 % O2
0.56 kcal/kg
Page 230
8514.16
transformari
Page 231
air
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AIR

O2
21
23
%
VOLUME
MASS
N2
79
77
EXCESS AIR
100- CO2-O2-CO
100-CO2-O2-CO-3.762*(O2-CO/2)
0.95*O2
+1
21-O2
FUEL
GAS
OIL
COAL
COCKS
MIN
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
MAX
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
FALSE AIR
21- O2(x)
Q FALSE AIR (Y) =
*Q (X)
21-O2(y)
Q FALSE AIR =
14,000*Area*sqrt(Pst)
water content in air at 18 o C and 75 % relative moisture

Dtermination des cpm
CO2
N2
H2O
O2
CO
0.2
0.25
0.44
0.22
0.25
Umiditatea aerului
kcal/kg/C
kcal/kg/C
kcal/kg/C
kcal/kg/C
kcal/kg/C
Masses volumique
CO2
N2
H2O
O2
CO
xd=
kg H2O/kg dry air
ps(tlu)
xd= 0.622*
VH2O=1.608*xd*Vdr
p/f-ps(tlu)
ps(tlu)=611.5+43.87*tlu+1.47*(tlu)2+2.564*10-2*(tlu)4+2.722*10-6*(tlu)5
f=umiditatea relativa a aerului [%]
ps(tlu)=presiunea de saturatie a aburului in Pa
Page 232
Vo2
p =
Vo2
=
air
Presiunea partiala
Vo2
pO2=
Vo2
=
Vaertot
1
1.01
Vn2+Vo2
Vtotal
Nm3/m3
9.72
9.82
Vexces
Nm3/m3
0
0.10
Vo2
Vn2
Nm3/m3
2.03
2.05
Nm3/m3
7.69
7.77
Specific heats and molar heat capacities for various substances at

20 C
Substance
Aluminum
Bismuth
Copper
Brass
Gold
Lead
Silver
Tungsten
Zinc
Mercury
Alcohol(ethyl)
Water
Ice (-10 C)
Granite
Glass
c in J/gm K
0.9000
0.1230
0.3860
0.3800
0.1260
0.1280
0.2330
0.1340
0.3870
0.1400
2.4000
4.1860
2.0500
0.7900
0.8400
c in cal/gm K or
Btu/lb F
0.2150
0.0294
0.0923
0.0920
0.0301
0.0305
0.0558
0.0321
0.0950
0.0330
0.5800
1.0000
0.4900
0.1900
0.2000
Page 233
Molar C
J/mol K
24.3
25.7
24.5
...
25.6
26.4
24.9
24.8
25.2
28.3
111.0
75.2
36.9
...
...
air
L COMPOSITION OF AIR
100- CO2-O2-CO
100-CO2-O2-CO-3.762*(O2-CO/2)
0.95*O2
+1
21-O2
21- O2(x)
*Q (X)
21-O2(y)
Pst [mmWG]
12.6 g/m3 dry air
Masses volumique
1.96
1.25
0.8
1.43
1.25
kg/Nm3
kg/Nm3
kg/Nm3
kg/Nm3
kg/Nm3
kg H2O/kg dry air
VH2O=1.608*xd*Vdry air
u+1.47*(tlu)2+2.564*10-2*(tlu)4+2.722*10-6*(tlu)5
p=presiunea mediului in Pa
Page 234
air
Vaer
Po2
Pn2
%
100
100
%
20.9
=
%
79.1
Page 235
pitot
Punctele de masura
SECTION CIRCULAR
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6
a7
a8
a9
a10
D<300
2*2
0.85*D
0.15*D
300<D<700
2*4
0.93*D
0.75*D
0.25*D
0.07*D
700<D<1500
2*6
0.96*D
0.85*D
0.7*D
0.3*D
0.15*D
0.04*D
1500<D<2400
2*8
0.97*D
0.9*D
0.81*D
0.68*D
0.32*D
0.19*D
0.1*D
0.03*D
2400<D<3400
2*10
0.97*D
0.92*D
0.85*D
0.77*D
0.66*D
0.34*D
0.23*D
0.15*D
0.08*D
0.03*D
SECTION RECTANGLE
D=0.5*(H+B)
MEASUREMENT
Pd
Ps
Tg
DINAMIC PRESSURE (+/-)

cu gaurele laterale (-)
temperatura o C
( sqrt(Pd))2
Pd=
n
2*9.81*Pd*Tg*760
V= SQRT(
)
T0*0*(760-Ps)
Pd
Ps
Page 236
mmWS
mmHg
Pd*Tg
V=23.6*sqrt(
Pd,Ps
)
*(760-0.75*Ps)
hPa
energie
CONVERSION TABLES
FORCE
N
dyn
kP
MP
p
N
1
1
1
1
1
dyn
100,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
100,000.00
j=ws
1
kJ
kP
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mp
0
0
0
0
0
p
102
102
102
102
102
erg
kpm (kgfm)
ENERGY & WORK
j=Nm
kJ
GJ
erg
kpm
kWh
kcal
cal
eV
BTU
ftlbf
kgfm
CPh
W(J/sec)
kW(kJ/sec)
MW(MJ/s)
GW(GJ/s)
TW(TJ/s)
GJ
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.00E+00
1.0000
1
1
1
W(J/sec)
1
1,000
1,000,000
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.00E-06
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
1.02E-01
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
2.78E-07
0
2.78E-07
0
0
2.78E-07
0
0
0
0
MW
0
0
1
1000
1000000
GW(GJ/s)
0
0
0
1
1000
TW(TJ/s)
0
0
0
0
1
erg/s
10000000
10000000000
1.00E+13
1.00E+16
1.00E+19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.00E-03
0
0
0
0
kW(kJ/sec)
0
1
1,000
1,000,000
1,000,000,000
kWh
1.E+07
1.E+07
1.E+07
1.00E+07
1.00E+07
10000800
10005720
1.00E+07
1.00E+07
10,000,000
10000000
10000000.03
1.E+07
Page 237
energie
erg/sec
kgfm/s
prony
poncelet
CP
cal/sec
kcal/h
Gcal/h
hp
BTU/h
0
9.81
98.07
980.67
735.5
153496.46
1.16
1,163,000
745.7
0.29
0
0.01
0.1
0.98
0.74
153.5
0.001
1,163
0.75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.15
0
1.16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.68
w/m2oK
4.88
kcal/m2oC
BTU/ft2hoF
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.00E+00
98066500
980665000
9806650000
7354990000
###
11630000
###
7457000000
2930710
POWER
W
kW
kpm/s
PS
HP
kcal/s
kcal/h
W=js
1
1,000
9.81
735.5
745.71
4187
1160
kW
0
1
0.01
0.74
0.75
4.19
1.16
kpm/s
kgfm/s
0.1
102
1
75
76.04
427
119
Page 238
PS
CP
0
1
0.01
1
1.01
5.69
1.58
HP
0
1
0.01
0.99
1
5.61
1.56
kcal/s
0
0
0
0.18
0.18
1
0.28
energie
TERA
GIGA
MEGA
KILO
HECTO
DEKA
T
G
M
k
h
da
DECI
CENTI
MILI
MIKRO
NANO
PICO
FEMTO
ATTO
d
c
m
n
p
f
a
PPM
%
1.00E+12
1.00E+09
1.00E+06
1.00E+03
1.00E+02
1.00E+01
1.00E+00
1.00E-01
1.00E-02
1.00E-03
1.00E-06
1.00E-09
1.00E-12
1.00E-15
1.00E-18
1.00E-12
1.00E-09
1.00E-06
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+06
1.00E+09
1.00E+12
1.00E+15
1.00E+18
1,000,000
1.000000
100.000000
1,000,000
1
100
1.00
100
0
0.01
CONDUCTIVITATE termica
BTU/(fthoC)
BTU/(fthoC)
BTU/(fthoC)
1 kcal/(hmoC)
0.67 kcal/(hmoC)
0.58 kcal/(hmoC)
1.49 W/(moK)
0.9 W/(moK)
0.86 W/(moK)
1.73
1.05
1
1.000 tona echivalenta de petrol tep
10.500 Gcal
44.000 GJ
10.500 Gcal
44.000 GJ
10.500 Gcal
44.000 GJ
Page 239
energie
10.500 Gcal
44.000 GJ
10.500 Gcal
44.000 GJ
1
1
1
1
1
kW
kW
kW
kW
kW
1,000
3,600,000
3.6
860
3,413
J/s
J/s
MJ/h
Kcal/h
BTU/h
Page 240
energie
kcal
0
0
0
0.000239
0
0
0
0
0.000239
0
0
0
0
cal
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.2388
0.24
0.2388
0.2388
0.24
0.2388
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
eV
6.24E+018
6.24E+018
6.24E+018
6.24E+018
6.24E+018
6.24E+18
1
6.24E+018
6.24E+18
6.24E+018
6.24E+018
0
6.23E+18
kgfm/s
0.1
101.97
101,972
1.E+08
1.E+11
prony
0.01
10.2
10197.2
10197200
10197200000
poncelet
0
1.02
1019.72
1019720
1019720000
BTU
ftlbf
kgfm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0009
0
0
0
0
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.737
0.74
0.737
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
CP
0
1.36
1359.62
1359620
1359620000
cal/sec
0.24
238.85
238846
238846000
###
kcal/h
0.86
859.85
859845
859845000
###
Page 241
CPh(HPhr)
0
0
0
3.78E+07
0
3.78E-07
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.78E-07
Gcal/h
hp
0
0
0
1.34
0.86
1341.02
859.85
1341020
859850 1341020000
BTU/h
3.41
3412.14
3412140
3412140000
###
energie
0
1
10
100
75
15652.29
0.12
118593
76.04
0.03
0
0.1
1
10
7.5
1565.23
0.01
11859.3
7.6
0
0
0.01
0.1
1
0.75
156.52
0
1185.9
0.76
0
104,760,000
3471000000
33.13
kcal/h
0.86
860
8.43
632.53
641.31
3600.82
1000
BTU/h
3.41
3,412.00
33.47
2,509.53
2,544.37
14,286.04
3,957.92
ftpdl/s
23.73
23,730.00
232.79
17,453.42
17,695.75
99,357.51
27,526.80
0
0.01
0.13
1.33
1
208.7
0
1581.24
1.01
0
ftlbf/s
0.74
737.00
7.23
542.06
549.59
3,085.82
854.92
Page 242
0
2.34
23.42
234.23
175.67
36662
0.28
277778
178.11
0.07
0
8.43
84.32
843.22
632.42
131983.2
1
1000000
641.19
0.25
0
0
0
0
0
0.13
0
1
0
0
0
0.01
0.13
1.32
0.99
205.84
0
1559.61
1
0
0
33.46
334.62
3346.17
2509.63
523753.33
3.97
3968320
2544.43
1
energie
1.500 tona combustibil conventional
12.500 MWh
12.500 MWh
12.500 MWh
Page 243
energie
12.500 MWh
12.500 MWh
Page 244
atm
Pa
N/mm2
daPa
hPa
bar
mbar
at
torr
mmWG
kgf/m2
kgf/cm2
inchWG
Psi
atm
1
0.00000987
1.00000000
1.000000
1.000000
0.986923
1.000000
0.967867
1.000000
0.000581
1.000000
6.776378
1.000000
1
Pa
101,325.00
1
101,325
101,325.000000
101325.000000
100,000.00
101,325.000000
98,069.105691
101325.000000
58.852856
101325.000000
686616.650532
101325.000000
101,325
N/m2
101,325.00
1.00
101,325.00
101,325.000000
101,325.00
100,000.00
101,325.00
98,069.11
101,325.00
58.85
101,325.00
686616.650532
101325.000000
101,325
N/mm2
0.101325
0.000001
0.101325
0.101325
0.101325
0.100000
0.101325
0.098069
0.101325
0.000059
0.101325
0.686617
0.101325
0.1
daPa
10,132.50
0.10
10,132.50
10,132.50
10,132.50
10,000.00
10,132.50
9,806.91
10,132.50
5.89
10,132.50
68,661.67
10,132.50
10,132.50
hPa
1,013.25
0.01
1,013.25
1,013.25
1,013.25
1,000.00
1,013.25
980.69
1,013.25
0.59
1,013.25
6,866.17
1,013.25
1,013.25
bar
1.013250
0.000010
1.013250
1.013250
1.013250
1
1.013250
0.980691
1.013250
0.000589
1.013250
6.866167
1.013250
1.01
mbar
1013.250000
0.01000
1,013.25000
1,013.25000
1,013.25000
1,000.00000
1,013
980.69106
1,013.00000
0.58853
1,013.25000
6,866.16651
1,013.25000
1013.25
at
1.033200
0.0000102
1.033
1.033200
1.033200
1.019743
1.033200
1
1.033200
0.000600
1.033200
7.001355
1.033000
1.03
torr
760.000000
0.007501
760.000000
760.000000
760.000000
750.061683
760.000000
735.578784
760
0.441433
760.000000
5150.048403
760.000000
760
mmWG
10,330.00
0.10
10,330.00
10,330.00
10,330.00
10,194.92
10,330.00
9,998.06
10,330.00
6.00
10,330.00
70,000.00
10,330.00
10,330.00
kgf/m2
10,330
0
10,330
10330.00000
10330.00000
10,194.91735
10330.00000
9,998
10330.00000
6.00
10,330.00
70,000.00
10,330.00
10,330.00
kgf/cm2
Psi [lbf/in2]
inchWG
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
0.0000
0.004014 0.0001450
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
1.0330 406.692000
14.7
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
1.0195 401.373896
14.5
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
0.9998 393.623790
14.22
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
0.0006
0.236220
0.01
1.0330 406.692100
14.7
7 2755.900000
99.59
1.03300
406.69
14.7
1.03
406.69
14.7
Pump power
9,81 x
x Q x p
3600 x
N=
Q
p
kg/m3
m3/h
m WG
%
W
1000
200
10
0.7
0.5
0.7
7,778
Motor for Lifts , elevators and cranes
9,81 x
N=
Gxv
96.24
G
v
kp
m/s
%
W
375
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.7
4,415
Fan compressor motor

27,78 x
N=
Q
p
Q x p
m3/h
bar
%
W
30
10
0.7
11,906
Pump power
x Q x p
N=
3 600 000 000 x
Q
p
kg/m3
m3/h
Pa
%
kW
1000
200
98100
0.7
7.786
Motor for Lifts , elevators and cranes
96,2361 x
N=
1000x
G
v
kg
m/s
%
kW
Gxv
38.27
0.6
0.5
0.5
4.419
Fan compressor motor

27,78 x
Q x p
N=
100 000 000 x
Q
p
m3/h
Pa
%
kW
30
1,000,000
0.7
11.906
0.7
Climate/humidity table
AH=
Dew points=
Pv=RHxES
gWater/m3 dry
Relative humidity/Temp
50
RH
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Es=6,1078*107,5*Tc/(237,3+Tc)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10%
8.3
8.0
12.3
1233.8
6.5
4.0
9.6
958.4
5.1
1.0
7.4
737.7
4.0
-2.0
5.6
562.3
3.0
-6.0
4.2
424.4
2.3
-8.0
3.2
316.8
1.7
-12.0
2.3
233.9
1.3
-16.0
1.7
20%
16.6
19.0
24.7
2467.6
13.1
15.0
19.2
1916.7
10.2
11.0
14.7
1475.3
7.9
8.0
11.2
1124.7
6.1
3.0
8.5
848.7
4.6
0.0
6.3
633.7
3.5
-4.0
4.7
467.7
2.6
-7.0
3.4
30%
24.9
26.0
37.0
3701.4
19.6
22.0
28.7
2875.1
15.3
18.0
22.1
2213.0
11.9
14.0
16.9
1687.0
9.1
10.0
12.7
1273.1
6.9
5.0
9.5
950.5
5.2
1.0
7.0
701.6
3.9
-3.0
5.1
40%
33.2
32.0
49.3
4935.2
26.2
27.0
38.3
3833.4
20.5
23.0
29.5
2950.6
15.8
18.0
22.5
2249.4
12.1
14.0
17.0
1697.5
9.2
10.0
12.7
1267.3
6.9
5.0
9.4
935.5
5.1
1.0
6.8
50%
41.5
36.0
61.7
6169.0
32.7
32.0
47.9
4791.8
25.6
27.0
36.9
3688.3
19.8
21.0
28.1
2811.7
15.2
18.0
21.2
2121.8
11.5
13.0
15.8
1584.1
8.7
9.0
11.7
1169.3
6.4
4.0
8.5
60%
49.8
40.0
74.0
7402.8
39.3
36.0
57.5
5750.2
30.7
30.0
44.2
4425.9
23.8
25.0
33.7
3374.1
18.2
21.0
25.5
2546.2
13.8
16.0
19.0
1901.0
10.4
12.0
14.0
1403.2
7.7
7.0
10.2
70%
58.1
43.0
86.3
8636.7
45.8
38.0
67.1
6708.5
35.8
33.0
51.6
5163.6
27.7
28.0
39.4
3936.4
21.3
24.0
29.7
2970.6
16.1
19.0
22.2
2217.8
12.1
14.0
16.4
1637.1
9.0
9.0
11.9
80%
66.4
45.0
98.7
9870.5
52.4
41.0
76.6
7666.9
40.9
36.0
59.0
5901.2
31.7
31.0
45.0
4498.8
24.3
26.0
33.9
3394.9
18.4
21.0
25.3
2534.6
13.8
16.0
18.7
1870.9
10.3
11.0
13.6
90%
74.7
48.0
111.0
11104.3
58.9
43.0
86.2
8625.2
46.0
38.0
66.4
6638.9
35.6
33.0
50.6
5061.1
27.3
28.0
38.2
3819.3
20.7
23.0
28.5
2851.4
15.6
18.0
21.0
2104.8
11.5
13.0
15.3
100%
83.0
50.0
123.4
12338.1
65.4
45.0
95.8
9583.6
51.1
40.0
73.7
7376.5
39.6
35.0
56.2
5623.4
30.4
30.0
42.4
4243.7
23.0
25.0
31.7
3168.3
17.3
20.0
23.4
2338.7
12.8
15.0
17.1
10
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
AH
Dew point
Pv mbar
Pv Pascal
Pd
Pv
D= ---------- + ---------Rd*T
Rv*T
170.6
0.9
-19.0
1.2
122.8
0.7
-23.0
0.9
87.2
0.5
-26.0
0.6
61.1
0.3
-29.0
0.4
42.1
0.2
-34.0
0.3
28.6
0.2
-37.0
0.2
19.1
0.1
-42.0
0.1
12.5
0.1
-45.0
0.1
8.0
341.1
1.9
-11.0
2.5
245.6
1.4
-15.0
1.7
174.5
1.0
-19.0
1.2
122.2
0.7
-22.0
0.8
84.3
0.5
-26.0
0.6
57.2
0.3
-30.0
0.4
38.1
0.2
-35.0
0.2
24.9
0.1
-40.0
0.2
16.0
511.7
2.8
-7.0
3.7
368.5
2.0
-11.0
2.6
261.7
1.5
-14.0
1.8
183.3
1.0
-18.0
1.3
126.4
0.7
-22.0
0.9
85.7
0.5
-26.0
0.6
57.2
0.3
-32.0
0.4
37.4
0.2
-36.0
0.2
24.0
682.3
3.8
-3.0
4.9
491.3
2.7
-7.0
3.5
349.0
1.9
-11.0
2.4
244.4
1.4
-15.0
1.7
168.5
0.9
-19.0
1.1
114.3
0.6
-23.0
0.8
76.2
0.4
-29.0
0.5
49.9
0.2
-34.0
0.3
32.0
852.8
4.7
0.0
6.1
614.1
3.4
-5.0
4.4
436.2
2.4
-8.0
3.1
305.5
1.7
-13.0
2.1
210.6
1.2
-17.0
1.4
142.9
0.8
-21.0
1.0
95.3
0.4
-27.0
0.6
62.3
0.3
-32.0
0.4
40.0
1023.4
5.6
1.0
7.4
736.9
4.1
-2.0
5.2
523.5
2.9
-6.0
3.7
366.6
2.1
-11.0
2.5
252.8
1.4
-15.0
1.7
171.5
1.0
-19.0
1.1
114.3
0.5
-25.0
0.7
74.8
0.3
-30.0
0.5
48.0
1194.0
6.6
4.0
8.6
859.7
4.8
0.0
6.1
610.7
3.4
-4.0
4.3
427.7
2.4
-8.0
2.9
294.9
1.6
-13.0
2.0
200.0
1.1
-17.0
1.3
133.4
0.6
-24.0
0.9
87.3
0.4
-29.0
0.6
56.0
1364.5
7.5
6.0
9.8
982.6
5.4
2.0
7.0
698.0
3.9
-3.0
4.9
488.7
2.7
-7.0
3.4
337.0
1.9
-11.0
2.3
228.6
1.3
-16.0
1.5
152.4
0.7
-22.0
1.0
99.7
0.4
-27.0
0.6
64.0
1535.1
8.5
8.0
11.1
1105.4
6.1
3.0
7.9
785.2
4.4
-2.0
5.5
549.8
3.1
-6.0
3.8
379.1
2.1
-11.0
2.6
257.2
1.5
-15.0
1.7
171.5
0.8
-21.0
1.1
112.2
0.5
-26.0
0.7
72.0
1705.6
9.4
10.0
12.3
1228.2
6.8
5.0
8.7
872.5
4.8
0.0
6.1
610.9
3.4
-5.0
4.2
421.3
2.3
-10.0
2.9
285.8
1.6
-15.0
1.9
190.5
0.9
-20.0
1.2
124.7
0.6
-25.0
0.8
79.9
Pd
Pv
D= ---------- + ---------Rd*T
Rv*T
Rd
Rv
T
287.05
461.5
o
K
INPUT DATA
P
T
Pa
o
C
o
K
%
Relative humidity
101,325
15
288.15
100
CALCULATION
Pv
Pd
Pa
Pa
D0
Dwet
kg/Nm3
kg/m3
1,705.65
99,619.35
1.292
1.217
Pd=P-Pv
CONVERSION TABLE
1 km
1m
1m
0.62 mile
1.094 yd
3.281 ft
1 mile
1 yd
1 ft
1.609 km
0.914 m
0.305 m
1 mm
0.039 in
1 in
25.4 mm
1 km2
0.39 sqmile
1 sqmile
2.59 km2
1 m2
3.28 sqyd
1 sqyd
0.84 m2
10.75 sqft
1 sqft
0.09 m2
0.16 sqin
1 sqin
6.45 cm2
25000 m2
1 m2
0.01 ha
35.71 cuft
1 cuft
0.028 m3
1 dm3
0.04 cuft
1 cuft
28.3 dm3
1 dm3
1 dm3
1 cm3
0.22 Imp.Gal
0.27 US.Gal
0.06 cu.in
1 Imp.Gal
1 US.Gal
1 cu.in
4.55 dm3
3.79 dm3
16.4 cm3
1.2 US.Gal
1 US.Gal
0.83 Imp.Gal
1 m2
1 cm2
2.5 ha
1 m3
1 Imp.Gal
1t
1t
1 kg
1 kg
1 kg
1g
1.1 shT
0.98 longT
2.2 lb
0.02 cwt
0.01 bbl
0.04 oz
1 shT
1 longT
1 lb
1 cwt
1 bbl
1 oz
1 sh.t
1 longT
1 cwt
1 lb
1 lb
1 bbl(US)
2000 lb
2240 lb
112 lb
16 oz
7000 grain
376 lb
1 lb
1 lb
1 lb
1 oz
1 grain
1 lb
0.91 mt
1.02 t
0.45 kg
50.8 kg
170.5 kg
28.4 g
0 sh.t
0 longT
0.01 cwt
0.06 lb
0 lb
0 bbl(US)
1 sh.cwt
1 at
1 at
1 at
1 at
1 atm
1 atm
1 atm
1 atm
1 atm
1 mbar
1 kgf/m2
1 kgf/cm2
1 kgf/cm2
1 kgf/mm2
1 kgf/mm2
1 kg/cm2
Unit of power
1w
1w
1w
1w
1 kW
1 hk
1 hk
1 kcal/h
1 CP
1 CP
1 HP
Units of work,Energy
1J
1J
1J
1 KJ
1 kWh
1 kWh
1 kWh
1 kWh
1 kcal
1 kcal
1 PSh
1 PSh
1 PSh
1 kcal/kg
1 kcal/kg
1 kcal/kg
100 lb
1 kg/cm2
0.98 bar
98.1 kPa
10 mVS
1.03 kgf/cm2
760 torr
10333 mmWG
1,013 mbar
1,013 hPa
1019.74 mmWG
9.81 Pa
9,810 Pa
9.81 kPa
9,810,000 Pa
9.81 N/mm2
0.07 lb/sq.in
0.86 kcal/h
0 kcal/s
0.1 kpm/sec
0 PSh
1.36 hk
75 kpm/sec
0.99 hp
0 kcal/s
735.28 kW
0.99 HP
745.48 kW
0 kWh
4.19 cal
0.1 kpm
0.948 BTU
860 kcal
3412 BTU
367,000 kpm
3,600 KJ
4.19 KJ
3.968 BTU
0.74 kWh
632 kcal
2648 kJ
4.19 KJ/kg
1.80 BTU/lb
3,600 BTU/shT
1 lb
1 kg/cm2
1 bar
1 kPa
1 mVS
1 kgf/cm2
1 torr
1 mmWG
1 mbar
1 hPa
1 mmWG
1 Pa
1 Pa
1 kPa
1 Pa
1 N/mm2
1 lb/sq.in
1 kcal/h
1 kcal/s
1 kpm/sec
1 PSh
1 hk
1 kpm/sec
1 hp
1 kcal/s
1 kW
1 HP
1 kWh
1 cal
1 kpm
1 BTU
1 kcal
1 BTU
1 kpm
1 KJ
1 KJ
1 BTU
1 kWh
1 kcal
1 kJ
1 KJ/kg
1 BTU/lb
1 BTU/shT
0.01 sh.cwt
1.00 at
1.02 at
0.01 at
0.10 at
0.9681 atm
0.0013 atm
0 atm
0 atm
0 atm
0 mbar
0.1 kgf/m2
0 kgf/cm2
0.1 kgf/cm2
0 kgf/mm2
0.1 kgf/mm2
14.22 kg/cm2
1.16 w
4187.01 w
9.80 w
735.50 w
0.736 kw
0.013 hk
1.014 hk
3600 kcal/h
0.0014 CP
1.0139 CP
3,600,000 J
0.239 J
9.810 J
1.055 KJ
0 kWh
0 kWh
0 kWh
0 kWh
0.239 kcal
0.25 Kcal
1.359 PSh
0.002 PSh
0.000 PSh
0.239 kcal/kg
0.555 kcal/kg
0 kcal/kg
1 oC
1%
5/9*(F-32)
10,000 ppm
1 oF
1 ppm
32+9/5*C
0%
1 ppmNO
1 ppmNO2
1.34 mgNO/m3
3
2.05 mgNO2/m
1 mgNO/m3
3
1 mgNO2/m
0.746 ppmNO
0.488 ppmNO2
1 ppmSO2
1 ppmCO
3
2.86 mgSO2/m
1.25 mgCO/m3
3
1 mgSO2/m
1 mgCO/m3
0.350 ppmSO2
0.8 ppmCO
1 nod/h
1 nd/h
1 nd/h
1 nd/h
1 km/h
1 km/h
1 milla/h
1.85 km/h
1852 m/h
0.5144 m/s
2,025.36 yarzi/h
0.2778 m/s
16.6667 m/min
0.4470 m/s
1 ft/s
1 ft/min
0.31 m/s
0.005 m/s
1 kg/m3
0.06 lb/cuft
1 km/h
1 m/h
1 m/s
1 yarzi/h
1 m/s
1 m/min
1 m/s
1 m/s
1 m/s
0.07 lb/cuft
0.5400 nod/h
0.0005 nd/h
1.9439 nd/h
0.0005 nd/h
3.6000 km/h
0.0600 km/h
2.2371 milla/h
3.28 ft/s
196.72 ft/min
1.20 kg/m3
Quantity
Length (L)
Mass (M)
Velocity (v)
1
Volume Flow (Q)
1
1
1
Pressure (P)
Speed (n)
Electric Current (l)
Electromotive Force (V)
Power (W)
Density (p)
Power Factor (cos )
Efficiency (n)
Alternate
Unit
metre (m)
foot (ft)
kilogram (kg)
pound (lb)
metre per
foot per
second (m/s) minute (fpm)
cubic metre per cubic foot per
second (m/s) minute (cfm)
litre per second
(l/s)
per hour
(m/hr)
Pascal (Pa or
inch water
N/m)
gauge (in.wg)
millimetre of
water
(mm.H2O)
revs per second
revs per
(rps)
minute (rpm)
ampere (A)
volt (V)
horse power
watt (W or J/s)
(hp)
kg per cubic
cubic foot
metre (kg/m)
(lb/ft)
W : VA
QP / W
Preferred Unit
1000
1
Conversion
Factor
3.28
2.20
172.41
2,118.64
2.12
3.60
0.00
9.81
0.01667
1.34
0.06
AIR AND HEAT

Volume
Q0
Volume at 0oC and 10333 mmWG,760 torr,1013.3 mbar
Nm3
Volume at t oC and b (mmWG,torr,mbar)
Am3
Q0
Nm
10,000
t
C
200
p
mmWG
21,666
Q
Am3
36,329
t
C
200
p
mbar
2,125
C
Atmospheric air
kiln gases
aux furnace gases
water vapour
raw materials
clinker
o
1.96
CO2
%
0
kg/Nm3
0
1.29
1.4
1.3
0.8
1.43
Q0
Nm3
10,000
Specific gravity
kg/m3
kg/m3
90
100
0.97
0.95
1.05
1.02
0.98
0.95
0.6
0.59
O2
%
21
kgwater/kg dry air

0.05
kgwater/kg dry gases 30 % CO2
0.05
Q
Am3
36,329
1.25
t dew point
40.01
t dew point
42.64
Specific heat
cal/(goC)
0-200
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.48
0.21
0.19
N2
%
79
0
mixt
1.29 kg/Nm3dry
Calculation of false air

False air in the mill inlet lowers the temperature and thereby the drying capacity.
False air at the outlet does not directly influences drying but increase the load on fans and filter
False air is expresed in percente of unmixed gases at the inlet
The amount of false air through the mill and cyclones may be calculated from the contents of O2
and CO2 in the gases when atmospheric air is reckoned to contain 0 % CO2 and 21 % O2
In the following calculation the therm "gas" signifies the unmixed gases and the therm "mixture"
the mixture of false air and gases.
CO2 (gas)- CO2(mixture)
X CO2 =
X 100
CO2(mixture)
O2 (mixture)- O2(gas)
X O2 =
X 100
21- O2(mixture)
Inlet mill
outlet mill
outlet cyclone
CO2
19.7
17.2
12.3
O2
8.2
10
12.8
X CO2 =
14.53
X O2 =
16.36
False air through mill
15.45
X CO2 =
60.16
False air through mill and cyclones
58.13
X O2 =
56.10
VARIOUS CALCULATION
1
The theoretical power consumption E(kW) for fans and centrifugal pumps, when
transporting Q m3/h against of P mmWG may be calculated as
0
2
motor
eq
%
95
%
70
Q
P
mmWG
m3/h
500,000
700
%
75
55
70
95
Practical efficiencies for pumps

centrifugal pumps for water
centrifugal pumps for slury
fans for air gases
electric motors
E
kW
1,432
Quantity of air through orifice diaphragm

K
Q
m3/h
=
Heat transmission from radiator to air is approx

For fast or forced convection
Grinding with
Loss of heat from mill surfaces to be
kWh
8
10
kcal/(hoCm2)
kcal/(hoCm2)
produce a heating coresponding to 4 oC

600 kcal/(hm2)
Fan Power Consumption
The ideal power consumption of a fan (without losses) can be expressed as
Pi = dp q (1)
where
Pi = ideal power consumption (W)
dp = total pressure increase in the fan (Pa)

q = air volume flow delivered by the fan (m3/s)
The ideal power consumptions for fans at different air volumes and pressure
increases are expressed in the chart below:
Fan Efficiency
T
h
e
f
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
s
f = dp q / P (2)
where
f = fan efficiency (values between 0 - 1)
dp = total pressure (Pa)
q = air volume delivered by the fan (m3/s)
P = power used by the fan (W, Nm/s)
The power used by the fan can be expressed as:

t
h
e
P = dp q / f (3)
r
a
tThe
i
o
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
power used by the fan can also be expressed as:
P = dp q / (f b m) (4)
where
b = belt efficiency
m = motor efficiency
ding to 4 oC
Typical motor and belt efficiencies:

Motor 1kW - 0.4
Motor 10 kW - 0.87
Motor 100 kW - 0.92
Belt 1 kW - 0.78
Belt 10 kW - 0.88
Belt 100 kW - 0.93
kW
1
10
100
0.4
0.87
0.92
0.78
0.88
0.93
0.93
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.87
0.80.78
Column L
Column M
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
fuel
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FUEL

COKE
Qi
kcal/kg
A
7767
B
7356
C
6022
D
5735
E
5777
5668
5556
F
5493
5360
5300
5226
G
5069
H
4436
I
3635
3277
J
3250
2653
1750
1700
ANVELOPE
7000
7500
OIL
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
CnHn
W
%
1.00
5.70
1.00
5.30
1.00
1.00
1.00
5.40
1.00
2.00
6.30
10.50
20.50
1.00
1.00
10.00
1.00
40.00
38.50
9600 1.00
8550
A
%
2.62
2.49
17.29
16.50
22.27
16.44
22.20
21.28
22.22
22.00
21.00
14.87
13.20
33.00
66.00
30.00
54.50
40.00
20.80
C
%
73.53
69.92
59.91
57.31
54.73
62.98
61.51
52.29
57.59
57.00
58.23
56.96
50.60
33.00
22.60
30.00
29.40
13.70
1.70
70.00
88.30
H
%
5.40
5.14
4.00
3.90
3.90
4.93
4.07
3.79
4.04
4.00
3.85
4.46
3.90
5.50
5.61
5.00
2.40
3.40
0.50
7.00
7.30
0.15 86.10 11.70

75.00 25.00
N
%
16.83
16.00
15.30
14.60
17.23
2.49
1.08
16.46
1.01
1.00
1.02
2.25
2.00
5.50
0.50
5.00
0.70
0.30
0.50
O
S
%
%
0.00 0.62
0.59
0.53 1.87
0.50 1.80
0.80
11.28 0.88
7.99 2.15
0.77
11.11 3.03
11.00 3.00
7.56 2.04
10.20 0.80
9.06 0.70
18.70 3.30
3.46 0.83
17.00 3.00
12.00 0.00
2.10 0.50
8.50 0.00
1.30
2.10
0.70 0.70
total minL
CO2
% Nm3/kg Nm3/kg
100.00 8.00
1.373
99.84 7.61
1.306
99.90 6.44
1.119
99.91 6.18
1.070
99.93 5.93
1.022
100.00 6.57
1.176
100.00 6.36
1.149
99.99 5.68
0.977
100.00 5.93
1.076
100.00 5.87
1.065
100.00 6.02
1.088
100.04 5.94
1.064
99.96 5.26
0.945
100.00 3.89
0.616
100.00 3.42
0.422
100.00 3.53
0.560
100.00 2.85
0.549
100.00 2.07
0.256
70.50 0.00
0.032
8.13
1.307
9.87
1.649
10.75
9.52
16.65
23.80
30.90
38.80
21.40
Page 264
1.608
1.000
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
3.00
H2O
Nm3/kg
0.618
0.647
0.461
0.503
0.450
0.565
0.469
0.492
0.465
0.473
0.510
0.631
0.692
0.629
0.641
0.685
0.281
0.879
0.535
0.784
0.818
SO2
Nm3/kg
0.004
0.004
0.013
0.013
0.006
0.006
0.015
0.005
0.021
0.021
0.014
0.006
0.005
0.023
0.006
0.021
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.009
0.015
N2
Nm3/kg
6.452
6.136
5.207
4.997
4.824
5.207
5.032
4.622
4.690
4.643
4.763
4.710
4.171
3.114
2.704
2.831
2.260
1.639
0.005
6.424
7.794
Vg
Nm3/kg
8.447
8.094
6.800
6.583
6.301
6.955
6.664
6.096
6.253
6.202
6.375
6.410
5.813
4.383
3.773
4.098
3.090
2.777
0.572
8.526
10.276
1.324
2.000
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
3.00
0.000
0.000
8.498
7.521
13.20
18.80
24.40
30.10
16.90
11.430
10.521
18.20
25.80
33.40
41.10
22.90
t
oC
Sheet12
SCHIMBATOR DE CALDURA SI PYROCLON S

Preheater no Production
t/d
1324
1425
1528
1630
1832
1934
2036
2139
2340
2442
2544
2646
2848
2950
3052
3354
3456
3558
3660
3962
4084
4166
4368
4490
4572
1100
D1(up)
inside
mm
1300
1425
1550
1675
1800
1925
2050
2175
2300
2425
2550
2675
2800
2925
3050
3305
3430
3550
3680
3925
4050
4175
4300
4425
4550
D2(down)
inside
mm
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
6000
6250
6450
6550
6850
7000
7250
Briks
mm
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
190
230
230
230
230
230
230
K-C4
a
920
1010
1100
1190
1280
1370
1460
1550
1640
1730
1820
1910
2000
2090
2180
2270
2380
2450
2540
2600
2720
2720
2000
2910
3000
Page 265
Diameters Immersion pipes [mm]

C4
C4-C3
C3
d
a
c
910
920
790
1000
1010
870
1000
1100
950
1180
1190
1030
1270
1280
1110
1360
1370
1190
1450
1460
1270
1540
1550
1350
1630
1640
1430
1720
1730
1510
1810
1820
1590
1900
1910
1670
1990
2000
1750
2060
2090
1830
2170
2180
1910
2260
2270
1990
2350
2380
2070
2440
2450
2150
2530
2540
2230
2520
2600
2310
2710
2720
2390
2800
2720
2470
2890
2000
2550
2980
2910
2880
3070
3000
2710
C2
c
790
870
950
1030
1110
1190
1270
1350
1430
1510
1590
1670
1750
1830
1910
1990
2070
2150
2230
2310
2390
2470
2550
2880
2710
C2-C1
b
790
870
950
1030
1110
1190
1270
1350
1430
1510
1590
1670
1750
1830
1910
1990
2070
2150
2230
2310
2390
2470
2550
2880
2710
KCHARGE

KILN
Max
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
680
2.30
1565
Min
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
680
1.80
1225
Average
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
680
2.05
1395
tpd
rpm
rph
%
%
m
sq.m
m
m3
1395
1.7
102
63.75
3.5
3.8
11.34
60
680
0.15
1395
1.5
90
56.25
3.5
3.8
11.34
60
680
0.15
1395
1.3
78
48.75
3.5
3.8
11.34
60
680
0.15
1395
1.1
66
41.25
3.5
3.8
11.34
60
680
0.15
1395
0.9
54
33.75
3.5
3.8
11.34
60
680
0.15
38.48
43.61
50.32
59.47
72.68
4.98
5.64
6.51
7.70
9.41
rad
deg
%
m
1.27
72.68
5.00
0.37
1.32
75.74
5.61
0.40
1.40
80.06
6.56
0.45
1.48
84.74
7.69
0.50
1.60
91.75
9.58
0.58
kiln inner diameter

kiln inlet opening
m
m
3.80
2.31
rad
deg
0.75
0.61
1.84
105.25
D
Di
S
L
V
Volumetric load
P
m
m
sq.m
m
m3
tpd/m3
tpd
KILN CHARGE
P
production
n
speed
max.speed
max.speed
kiln inclination
Di
kiln inner diameter
S
inside surface
L
length
V
volume
K
=
K*L
[min]
Di*n*

P/24/60/1.1*100
=
V
MAX FILING DEGREE

Di
di
Hmax
1-Hmax/r
100
max=
100*sin( )
-
max=
A.Toader
13.88
%
2*
360
%
03/06/2013
CLINKER LOAD FOR KILN WITH CALCINER FLS

3.80
3.70
Clinker load [tpd/m3]
3.60
3.50
3.40
3.30
3.20
3.10
3.00
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
Nominal output [t/d]
ing.A.Toader
03/06/2013
FLS CYCLONES STAGE 1 & 2,3,4

9.50
9.00
8.50
CYCLONES DIAMETER [m]
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400
NOM INAL OUTPUT [tpd]
ing. A.Toader
03/06/2013
Sheet14
FLS DIMENSIONING ILC

Nominal output
t/d
Kiln tube diameter
m
Effective length
m
L/d
Volume
m3
Clinker load
tpd/m3
Precalciner
Diameter m
Height m
Volume
m3
Folax clinker cooler type
Number of strings
Number of cyclones
Top stage
Stages 2-3-4
1,050
3.45
47
13.62
343
3.06
1,200
3.6
49
13.61
394
3.05
1,450
3.75
53
14.13
467
3.11
1,850
3.95
58
14.68
574
3.22
2,200
4.15
60
14.46
662
3.32
2,700
4.35
66
15.17
808
3.34
3,200
4.55
68
14.95
919
3.48
4.75
15
223
620
1
5
15
249
620s
1
5.5
15
306
720s
1
6
15
369
820s
1
6.6
15
453
824s
1
7.2
15.7
570
928s
1
7.6
16.6
676
1030s
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
4,000
4.75
75
15.79
1,114
3.59
2
6.3
15
820
1034s
2
4
2
4,800
5
80
16.00
1,329
3.61
2
6.9
15
995
1038s
2
4
2
4
2
5,600
5.25
83
15.81
1,533
3.65
2
7.2
15.7
1,140
1142s
2
4
2
4
2
6,800
5.5
89
16.18
1,817
3.74
2
7.6
16.6
1,351
1247s
2
4
2
4
2
Top stage dia
3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.3
Area
m2
9.35 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 28.27 31.17
17.72
19.63
21.65
23.76
25.97
28.27
31.17
Stages 2-3-4 dia
5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.8 9.2
6.9
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.4
8.8
9.2
Area
m2
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 56.05 61.48
33.68
36.83
41.26
45.94
50.87
56.05
61.48
Page 269
Sheet14
c1
6,800
5.5
89
16.18
1,817
3.74
2
7.6
16.6
1,351
1247s
2
C4
min
max
min
max
3.50
3.60
4.00
4.40
5.00
5.50
6.00
3.60
3.80
4.20
4.80
5.30
5.80
6.30
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.60
7.20
8.00
8.80
5
5.8
6.3
6.9
7.6
8.4
9.2
1,050
1200
1450
1850
2200
2700
3200
4000
4800
5600
6800
3.06
3.05
3.11
3.22
3.32
3.34
3.48
3.59
3.61
3.65
3.74
4
2
1,000
1,500
1
3.7
4.5
2
4.23
5.12
6.6
2,000
2,500
5.17
5.65
5.9
6.6
7.0
6.56
7.34
7.82
3,000
3,500
1400
1800
6.27
6.73
4.32
4.80
7.2
8.0
8.5
7.72
4.96
5.52
8.62
5.50
6.10
9.17
5.82
6.46
34.21
9.7
68.63
Page 270
3
4.74
5.76
4 ct
5.03
6.1
1.95
2.39
2.74
3.04
3.33
3.58
2.23
2.47

Table no. 1
LINE 2 & 3
PREHEATER TOWER
3300 t/d
0.54
0.98
1.17
STAGE
No
Dext
Dint
S
1.56 Hcilindric
0.74 Hconic
1
4
3,930
3,800
11.34
6,125
2,900
9,025
109
2
2
6,110
5,670
25.24
3,300
5,960
9,260
157
3
2
6,110
5,670
25.24
3,300
5,960
9,260
157
4
2
6,110
5,670
25.24
3,300
5,960
9,260
157
1,896
2,330
4.42
2,300
2,695
6.20
2,300
2,695
6.20
2,300
2,695
6.20
1,900
2.83
2,510
4.95
2,510
4.95
2,510
4.95
2,400
1,500
1,620
500
recom UZIN 95
3,400
2,700
550
550
Real 95 K2 & K3
98 K2
97 K3
2,330
3,930
3,930
0
2,050
1,700
1,620
1,420
1,620
0
500
500
mm
mm
m2
mm
mm
Htotal
mm
2
Usefull surface
m /cyclon
Inlet gases
mm
a
1.23 b
S1
m2
Outlet gases
d
mm
S2
m2
H immersion pipe
mm
design
03/06/2013
03/06/2013
LINE 1
PREHEATER TOWER
STAGE
NO
Dext
mm
Dint
mm
S
m2
Hcilindric
mm
Hconic
mm
Htotal
mm
USEFULL SURFACEm2/No
Inlet gases
mm
a
b
S1
m2
Outlet gases
d
mm
S2
m2
H immersion pipe
mm
design
1
4
5,360
5,359
22.54
3,725
8,464
2
2
7,010
6,590
34.09
8,084
6,133
LINE 3000
PREHEATER TOWER
3
1
9,700
9,400
69.36
4,084
8,803
4
2
7,010
6,590
34.09
8,084
6,133
12,189 14,217 12,887 14,217
22.55 34.09 69.36 34.09

1,171 2,304 2,868 2,304
1,730 3,786 4,350 3,786
2.03 8.72 12.48 8.72
2,490 3,680 5,160 3,680
4.87 4.95 4.95 4.95
3,000 4,000
190
3,300
STAGE
NO
Dext
mm
Dint
mm
S
m2
Hcilindric
mm
Hconic
mm
Htotal
mm
USEFULL SURFACE m2/No
Inlet gases
mm
a
b
S1 m2
Outlet gases
d mm
S2 m2
H immersion pipe
mm
design
recom
recom
Real 95
Real 95
LINE 800
03/06/2013
PREHEATER TOWER
STAGE
NO
Dext
mm
Dint
mm
S
m2
Hcilindric
mm
Hconic
mm
Htotal
mm
USEFULL SURFACE m2/No
Inlet gases
mm
a
b
S1 m2
Outlet gases
d mm
S2 m2
H immersion pipe
mm
design
recom
Real 95
03/06/2013
LINE 3000
PREHEATER TOWER
1
2
3
4
4
2
2
2
4,850 6,900 6,900 6,900
4,520 6,440 6,440 6,440
16.04 32.56 32.56 32.56
4,380 5,500 5,500 5,500
6,900 5,780 5,780 5,780
11,280 11,280 11,280 11,280
142.65 349.33 373.36 384.75
1,075 2,310 2,310 2,310
2,150 2,310 2,310 2,310
2.31 5.34 5.34 5.34
1,700 2,690 2,690 2,690
2.27 5.68 5.68 5.68
2,850 2,100
500
LINE 800
03/06/2013
PREHEATER TOWER
1
2
3,100
2,720
5.81
2,200
4,900
7,100
2
1
4,800
4,400
15.20
2,187
4,158
6,345
3
2
3,600
3,220
8.14
2,200
4,150
6,350
4
1
5,000
4,500
15.90
2,950
6,900
9,850
744
800
930 1,250
1,410 1,600 1,570 2,250
1.05 1.28 1.46 2.81
1,000 1,750 1,360 2,020
0.79 2.40 1.45 3.20
1,770 1,860 1,650 2,500
03/06/2013
TURCIA
STAGE
No
1
2
Dext
mm
3,180
Dint
mm
2,800
2
S
m
6.15
Hcilindric
mm
4,956
Hconic
mm
2,347
Htotal mm
7,303
2
Usefull surface m /cyclon 75
Inlet gases mm
a
1,404
b
1,713
2
S1
m
2.40
Outlet gases
d
mm
1,237
S2
m2
1.20
H immersion pipe mm
1,777
STAGE
No
1
2
Dext
mm
4,704
Dint
mm
4,324
2
S
14.68
m
Hcilindric
mm
7,331
Hconic
mm
3,471
Htotal mm 10,802
Usefull surface m2/cyclon 152
Inlet gases mm
a
1,404
b
1,713
2
S1
2.40
m
Outlet gases
d
mm
1,237
2
S2
m
1.20
H immersion pipe mm
design
1,777
A.Toader
2
1
5,180
4,800
18.09
2,798
5,053
7,851
121
3
1
5,180
4,800
18.09
2,798
5,053
7,851
121
4
1
5,180
4,800
18.09
2,798
5,053
7,851
121
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,750
2.40
1,020
1,750
2.40
1,104
1,990
3.11
340
2
1
5,336
4,956
19.28
2,882
5,205
8,087
127
3
1
5,881
5,501
23.75
3,176
5,737
8,913
148
4
1
6,196
5,816
26.55
3,346
6,044
9,390
161
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,564
1,830
2.86
1,750
2.40
1,750
2.40
1,990
3.11
1,020
1,104
340
ct
1
2,609
2,229
3.90
03/06/2013
I.N.C. CEPROCIM S.A.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC KILN LOADING AND INLET CALCINING DEGREE OF THE KILN INLET
4.25
4.00
3.75
Kiln load [tpd/m3]
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.75
2.50
2.25
2.00
1.75
1.50
20
30
40
50
60
Calcining degree [%]
Eng. A. Toader
70
80
90
100
dia
diaint
s
l
l/dia
v
load
n
s
k
t
t1
f
f1
A.Toader
Campulung
800 1000
Turcia
1000 950 1400 2443
Fieni
3000 3800
Syria 1
1600 1800
Syria Tartous
Qaim
Egypt
Alsons
1600 1800 2400 3000 3200 3400 3700 4000
4.0
3.6
10.18
64
16
651
1.23
1.4
3
0.145
45
61
3.83
5.23
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
14
680
1.47
1.4
3
0.145
40
55
4.07
5.56
5.8
5.4
22.90
97
17
2,222
1.35
2.0
3
0.150
32
45
2.98
4.21
4.6
4.2
13.85
75
16
1,039
1.54
2.0
3
0.150
32
45
3.38
4.77
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
15
956
1.67
2.0
3
0.150
29
41
3.38
4.77
4.2
3.8
11.34
57
14
646
1.55
1.4
3
0.145
38
52
4.07
5.56
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
14
680
1.40
1.1
3
0.145
51
69
4.93
6.73
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
14
680
2.06
1.6
3
0.145
35
48
4.99
6.81
4.2
3.8
11.34
60
14
680
3.59
3.2
3
0.145
17
24
4.35
5.95
5.8
5.4
22.90
97
17
2,222
1.71
2.0
3
0.150
32
45
3.78
5.33
4.6
4.2
13.85
75
16
1,039
1.73
2.0
3
0.150
32
45
3.80
5.37
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
15
956
1.88
2.0
3
0.150
29
41
3.80
5.37
4.6
4.2
13.85
69
15
956
2.51
2.0
3
0.150
29
41
5.07
7.16
4.6
4.2
13.85
74
16
1,025
2.93
3.2
3
0.145
19
27
3.96
5.41
4.4
4.0
12.57
70
16
880
3.64
3.2
4
0.145
17
23
4.19
5.72
4.8
4.4
15.21
64
13
973
3.49
3.2
4
0.145
14
19
3.35
4.57
4.8
4.4
15.21
64
13
973
3.80
3.2
4
0.145
12
16
3.19
4.35
4.75
4.4
14.86
75
16
1,115
3.59
2.2
4
0.145
24
32
5.93
8.09
03/06/2013
(AVERAGE-XI)/S
ELIMINAREA UNUI REZULTAT
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
f(x) = 0.4 ln(x) + 1.02

R = 1
10
20
30
40
50
NUMAR PROBE
60
70
80
90
100
STATISTICA
ELIMINAREA UNUI REZULTAT
average(x)-xi
ti=
s
>>tttt
n
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
tt
1.38
1.53
1.64
1.73
1.8
1.86
1.92
1.95
2.13
2.24
2.32
2.39
2.44
2.49
2.53
2.57
2.63
2.69
2.73
2.77
2.8
1.45
1.57
1.66
1.73
1.79
1.84
1.89
1.93
2.09
2.20
2.29
2.37
2.43
2.48
2.53
2.57
2.64
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.84
15
1.25
25
35
45
50
65
85
100
1.65
2
2.5
2.75
3.5
4.25
5
CARBUNI
Temperatura de mocnire
t cea mai mica a unei suprafete orizontale fierbinti care determina aparitia pct. de jar pe un strat de 5 mm grosime depus prin cadere libera
Temperatura minima de aprindere

t cea mai mica a unei surse care determina aprinderea prafului aflat in suspensiende aer
Concentratia minima de explozie
Cantitatea cea mai mica de pulbere raportata la volumul de umiditate care in amestec cu O2 din aer in contact cu o sursa de aprindere avand t superficiala
> decat t min de aprindere a pulberii se aprinde iar arderea se propaga in intreg amaestecul pulbere
Temperatura de autoaprindere
la o incalzire programata se urmaresc modificarile de masa si de entalpie precum si cantitatile de gaze produse
indicatie
UM
Filipesti
umiditate
Ash per umed
Ash per uscat
Vol. Per umed
Vol. Per uscat
%
%
%
%
%
6.13
58.36
62.16
22.85
24.34
T mocnire
T min aprindere
Con explozie
T autoaprindere
oC
g/m3
Schitu
Golesti
12.48
37.6
43.14
28.85
58.21
Cocs
I
0.51
3.21
3.22
8.56
8.89
Cocs
II
0.51
3.26
3.27
9.33
9.69
230
435
112
400
645
1000
325
400
645
1000
325
505
139
110
Gazul metan se aprinde in amestec cu aerul in proportie de 5 - 15 % la Taprindere =735 oC la 1 at
Volatile matter1)
Class
General description
A.TOADER
Class
(weight %)
101
< 6.1
102
3.1 - 9.0
Anthracites
201
9.1 - 13.5
Dry steam coals
202
13.6 - 15.0
203
15.1 - 17.0
204
17.1 - 19.5
206
19.1 - 19.5
301
19.6 - 32.0
305
19.6 - 32.0
306
19.6 - 32.0
401
32.1 - 36.0
402
> 36.0
501
32.1 - 36.0
502
> 36.0
601
32.1 - 36.0
602
> 36.0
701
32.1
General description
Cooking steams coals
Heat altered low volatile Low volatile

steam coals
steam coals
Prime cooking coals
Mainly heat altered
coals
Medium
volatile coals
Very strongly coking

coals
Strongly coking coals
Medium coking coals
702
> 36.0
Weakly coking coals
801
32.1 - 36.0
802
> 36.0
Very weakly coking

coals
901
32.1 - 36.0
902
> 36.0
Non-coking coals
High volatile
coals
A.TOADER
A.TOADER
H2
CO
metan
etan
propan
acetilena
H2S
Concentratie
%
28.5
23.55
61.9
2
4
8
1.9
8.15
1.25
10
45
55
1
12
60
Tauto
oC
550
650
641
850
810
800
594
540
588
500
335
335
373
290
487
TEMPERATURE [deg C]
TEMPERATURA DE AUTOAPRINDERE PENTRU DIVERSE GAZE
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

PARTICLE SIZE [M ICRON]
the minimum temperature required to ignite a gas or vapor in air without a spark or flame being present
Temperature auto
Fuel or Chemical
(oC)
(oF)
Acetaldehyde
175
347
Acetone
465
869
Acetylene
305
581
Benzene
560
1040
Bituminous coal
300
572
Butane
420
788
Carbon
Carbon - bi
sulfide
Carbon
monoxide
700
1292
Charcoal
300
609
1128
660
A.TOADER
Coal-tar oil
580
1076
Coke
700
1292
Cyclohexane
245
473
Diethyl ether
160
320
Ethane
515
859
Ethylene
490
914
Ehtyl Alcohol
365
689
Fuel Oil No.1
210
410
Fuel Oil No.2
256
494
Fuel Oil No.4

Heavy
hydrocarbons
262
505
750
1382
Hydrogen
500
932
Gasoline
280
536
Gun Cotton
430
Kerosine
210
410
Isobutane
462
864
Isobutene
465
869
Isooctane
447
837
Isopentane
Isopropyl
Alcohol
420
788
399
750
Light gas
Light
hydrocarbons
Methane
(Natural Gas)
600
1112
650
1202
580
1076
Methyl Alcohol
385
725
Naphtha
550
1022
Neoheaxane
425
797
Neopentane
450
842
Nitro-glycerine
490
n-Butane
405
761
n-Heptane
215
419
A.TOADER
n-Hexane
225
437
n-Octane
220
428
n-Pentane
260
500
n-Pentene
298
569
Oak Wood - dry
900
Peat
227
440
Petroleum
400
752
Pine Wood - dry

Phosphorous,
amorphus
Phosphorous,
transparent
800
500
120
Production gas
750
1382
Propane
480
842
Propylene
458
856
p-Xylene
530
986
Rifle Powder
550
Toluene
Semi anthracite
coal
530
849
400
752
Styrene
490
914
Wood
300
572
Xylene
463
867
A.TOADER
30
100
200
400
370
412
440
462
A.TOADER
A.TOADER
A.TOADER
Compressive strengths as % of value of cement vs kiln dust ratio

130
120
Compressive strength [%]
110
100
Column M
Column O
Column Q
Column S
Column U
90
80
70
60
50
40
0
10
Kiln dust ratio [%]
15
20
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF KILN SYSTEM

KILN
Capacity
Heat consumption
Heat exchange devices
Long wet
tpd
300-3600
kcal/kg 1200-1400
Feedstock
Feedstock mass content of water
Waste gas upstream of precipitator
Specific waste gas volume

Waste gas analyses
CO2
O2
CO
Waste gas temperature

Water dewpoint
Dust
Dust content in crude gas (dry at standard condition)
Mass proportion of dust < 10 m
Dust precipitator
Separator
Long dry
300-3000
850-950
Lepol Preheater
300-3300
720-900
chains
lift shovels
crosses
chamber insertion
dry raw meal
0.5-15.0
waste gas
without
recycling
waste gas
recycling
with water
injection
2.5-3.0
2.2-2.8
20-17
24-19
6 - 10
4-7
<0.1
<0.1
130-180
150-200
45-75
45-60
grate-type
preheater of
various types
S.P.
300-5000
720-900
chains
crosses
chamber
preheater
raw slurry
32-40
m3/kg
%
%
%
o
C
o
C
3.2 - 4.2
25-18
4-8
<0.1
130-180
65-75
g/m3
%
3 - 22
20 - 60
35-150
70 - 90
15-25
70-90
1.5-12
10 - 45
35-150
80-99
20-50
85-99
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
E.S.P.
granules
11 - 22
1.8-2.2
29-20
4 - 10
<0.1
90-150
50-65
cyclone or chamber
preheater of various
types
dry raw meal
0.5-1.0
waste gas without
recycling waste gas
recycling
with water
injection
2.1-2.5
1.7-2.0
22-14
33-20
8 - 13
3-9
<0.1
<0.1
90-150
120-200
45-60
50-65
Tab 1
Chemical analysis of cement, kiln dust
SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
CaO
MgO
SO3
Na2O
K2O
TiO2
P2O5
Cl
LOI
Total
Na2O+0.658K2O
Ins Res
FL
Blaine
LSF
SM
AM
MSO3
SD
Alkali
Chloride
Sulfate
CaCO3
Compressive str 28
0
10
15
20
A
B
C
D
E
Fieni
cement
EPdust
cement
EPdust
cement
EPdust
cement
EPdust
cement
EPdust
cement
EPdust
20.16
14.70
21.10
15.50
21.12
14.00
21.44
16.50
24.06
15.4
21.78
10.28
4.75
3.31
4.90
3.84
4.42
2.85
3.93
3.71
4.20
2.65
4.76
3.43
2.51
2.04
2.57
2.13
2.05
1.51
2.74
1.79
2.68
1.51
3.07
2.99
63.85
49.30
63.33
51.70
62.66
41.70
64.59
44.50
63.02
41.9
65.78
44.32
1.46
1.03
2.08
1.59
3.95
2.73
1.81
1.43
2.29
1.35
1.21
1.01
3.93
3.07
2.78
11.10
2.78
5.55
3.48
5.67
2.51
0.25
1.00
0.41
0.10
0.23
0.15
0.22
0.16
0.27
0.13
0.31
0.15
0.23
0.65
0.25
0.47
2.60
0.83
2.50
0.93
3.60
0.35
3.5
0.39
4.90
0.73
0.83
0.21
0.24
0.21
0.23
0.12
0.29
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.31
0.08
0.00
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.15
0.35
2.13
23.43
1.05
10.50
1.74
27.81
1.47
21.33
0.71
34.06
0.54
35.96
99.64
99.95
99.08
99.34
100.05
100.31
100.48
98.89
100.21
102.60
99.81
99.62
0.41
1.94
0.70
1.87
0.77
2.64
0.36
2.61
0.41
3.45
1.13
0.80
0.45
11.62
0.20
9.82
0.23
14.86
0.37
12.02
0.43
14.58
0.25
0.78
10.43
0.93
21.72
0.88
4.31
0.93
7.46
0.60
3.00
0.33
4,410
5,108
3,984
4,894
4,376
5,659
4,170
7179
3,127
4385
3,500
4800
100.3
106.3
95.19
104.83
95.4
95.8
97.2
86.0
85.1
88.7
95.9
127.4
2.78
2.75
2.82
2.60
3.26
3.21
3.21
3.00
3.50
3.70
2.78
1.60
1.89
1.62
1.91
1.80
2.16
1.89
1.43
2.07
1.57
1.75
1.55
1.15
7.43
744
1.37
122
low <2
low <0.3
low<5
50.76
100
95.7
95.4
86.2
3.09
309
5.24
461
low <2
low <0.3
high >10
33.50
2.79
1.80
279
163
moderate (2-3)
low <0.3
moderate (5-10)
51.79
7.47
1.77
748
168
moderate (2-3)
low <0.3
moderate (5-10)
47.08
100
117
101
107
100
90
89
93
100
87
81
69
4.78
478
0.06
6
high>3
high>0.3
low<5
58.99
0.68
69
0.40
40
low <2
low <0.3
low<5
69.21
100
48
56
65
Tab 1
SIBLINE
cement
EPdust
21.2
9.83
5.38
2.92
3.73
1.77
65.42
45.64
1.69
0.4
0.77
0.37
0.53
0.31
0.28
0.2
0.7
0.22
0.62
0.39
0
0
0
37.6
100.32
99.65
0.71
0.44
96.0
2.33
1.44
142.1
2.10
1.65
0.84
84
0.65
65
low <2
low <0.3
low<5
73.14
Tab 1
OUTPUT
500
660
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
CS
62.5
82.5
87.5
93.8
100.0
106.3
112.5
118.8
125.0
131.3
918
898
880
864
850
838
816
807
104
102
100
98
97
95
93
92
116
107
102
100
98
97
95
93
91
134
113
109
105
101
98
95
94
93
93
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CLINKER OUTPUT AND HEAT CONSUMPTION

140
Heat consumption [%]
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
60
70
80
90
100
110
OUTPUT [%]
120
130
140
3000
3200
3800
93.8
100.0
118.8
865.0
830.0
800.0
104.2
100.0
96.4
ALSONS
Clinker
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
V7
V8
V9
V10
V11
V12
V13
V14
tpd
4,000
kg/h
166,667
Dext
m
4.80
Di
m
4.40
L
m
75.00
S
m2
15.2
V
m3
1,140
Q
m3/h
17,100
16,000
14,900
25,100
18,400
30,600
23,100
38,500
26,800
46,500
30,300
36,300
35,200
54,900
P
mbar
120
100
100
100
90
90
85
85
80
80
50
45
40
35
M
kW
75
75
55
110
55
110
75
132
75
160
55
75
75
110
SPEED
rpm
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
m3/kgcl
###
2.48
Dedusting fan for grate cooler

Q
P
m3/h
mbar
VD
400,000
16
T
C
284
Q
Nm3/h
196,050
Nm3/kg
1.18
ID
360
284,645
1.71
660,000
67
Burning instalation
kiln
fuel
oil
coal
Normal
t/h
5.5
8.4
Max
t/h
6.3
13.1
115
156
RSP
fuel
oil
coal
Normal
t/h
7.9
12.6
Max
t/h
8.5
15.8
108
125
KILN
kcal/h/m2
3,979,576
5,171,869
load
tpd/m3
3.51
M
kW
600.00
load
kWh/t
3.6
D FINENESS OF FUEL AS FUNCTION OF THE VOLATILE CONTENT FOR ROTARY KILN AN

16
14
Column C
Column D
Residue [%]
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
12
Volatile content [%]
14
16
18
20
Transport of grinding material through grates
Dry
width of slots
1st partition
2nd partition
outlet grate
wet
width of slots
1st partition
2nd partition
outlet grate
wash drum periferal
grate
inclined grate
open circuit
closed circuit
approx
6 mm
8-12 mm
5 t/dm2/h
normally
6 mm
8 m3/dm2/h
9 m3/dm2/h
10 m3/dm2/h
3 m3/dm2/h
2.5 m3/dm2/h
pres
CALCULUL PIERDERILOR DE PRESIUNE PE CICLOANE
p=
k*Vik*Vok
C1
C2
C3
C4
C1
C2
C3
C4
Vik
19
18.12
17.84
18.21
mmWG
0.350
0.230
0.215
0.315
AL QAIM Irak
Vok
Vai
18.13
2.8
16.85
2.98
16.93
3.4
17.98
3.63
p
117
70
65
103
Vik
19.03
12.56
13.55
14.78
Page 301
ALSONS Filipine
Vok
Vai
18.98
3.59
16.76
4.08
16.08
4.47
17.77
4.55
p
126
48
46
83
0
2
4
8
14
20
0
1.5
3
6
9.7
13.5
The unit of Sound Power Level (Lw) is the Decibel (dB)

Sound Power (Watts)
25 to 40,000,000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
0.00000001
0.000000001
Sound Power Level (dB)
195
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Sound Pressure Level (LP) is also measured on a logarithmic scale but the unit is
the Decibel (dB) re 2 x 10-5 Pa
Sound Pressure
(Pascals)
200.0
63.0
Sound Pressure
Level (dB)
140
130
20.0
6-Mar
120
110
2.0
0.63
0.2
0.063
0.02
100
90
80
70
60
0.0063
0.002
0.00063
0.0002
0.0002
50
40
30
20
0
Environment
Concert halls, opera halls, studios for sound reproduction, live
theatres (-500 seats)
Bedrooms in private homes, live theatres (+500 seats),
cathedrals and large churches, television studios, large conference
and lecture rooms (50 people)
Living rooms in private homes, board rooms, top management
offices, conference and lecture rooms (20-50 people), multipurpose halls, churches (medium and small, libraries, bedrooms in
hotels, etc., banqueting rooms, operating theatres, cinemas,
hospital private rooms, large courtrooms
Public rooms in hotels, etc., ballrooms, hospital open wards,

middle management and small offices, small conference and
lecture rooms (20 people), school classrooms, small courtrooms,
museums, libraries, banking halls, small restaurants, cocktail
bars, quality shops
Toilets and washrooms, large open offices, drawing offices,
reception areas (offices), halls, corridors, lobbies in hotels,
hospitals, etc., laboratories, recreation rooms, post offices, large
restaurants, bars and night clubs, department stores, shops,
gymnasia
Kitchens in hotels, hospitals, etc., laundry rooms, computer
rooms, accounting machine rooms, cafeterias, canteens,
supermarkets, swimming pools, covered garages in hotels, offices,
etc., bowling alleys
0
1
2
4
7
9.5
is the Decibel (dB) re 10-12 Watts.

Source
Saturn Rocket
Ram Jet
TurboJet engine 3200kg thrust
4 propeller airliner
75 piece orchestra
Large chipping hammer
Blaring radio
Car on motorway
Axial ventilating fan (2500 m/h)
Voice - shouting
Voice - conversational level
Voice - very soft whisper
measured on a logarithmic scale but the unit is
Typical Environments
off
Pneumatic chipping and riveting
(operator's position)
Boiler shop (maximum levels)
Automatic punch press (operator's
position)
Automatic lathe shop
Construction site - pneumatic drilling
Kerbside of busy street
room)
Restaurant
Conversational speech at 1m
Whispered conversation at 2m
studios
Normal threshold of hearing
NR criterion
20
25
30
35
40
45

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Slurry Density Vs Material Concentration

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Slurry density vs material concentration

Slurry density [kg/m3]

Material concentration [%]

Bulk density Bulk density Design Angle of Steel silo

Raw mill feed

concentration of solids by weight in the slurry

density of the solids

density of the liquid

(Slag, Fly Ash,

Kind of car washing

Average drinking water

Drinking ,Cooling and process water chemistry requirements

Conveying speed m/s

Recirculating water [m3/h]

Warm water tank

Cooling water tank

station including water treatment

Incoming water [m3/h]

Second stage Recirculation

Water for fire fighting

Shurovo Expansion Example

Total clinker production

Kiln Gross OEE

Clinker / cement factor

Natural gas (Future

Total cement production

Specific heat energy consumption

Specific consumption of electrical energy

B3 - Truck Washing Consumption

B3 - Consumed Industrial Water

B4 - Truck Washing Consumption

K1 - Sewage (from Offices, Showers

Infrastructure in Shurovo (Numbers for Permitting and Communication to Authorities)

Existing Shurovo Grey

New Shurovo Grey

13 267 4484 kWh

13 286 543 kWh

Total new Grey + White

513 286 543

2 x 25 MVA (including the

Power grid quality

Plant power distribution

2 x 25 MVA existing + 2 x 25 MVA

3532 wagons/year, 229'606

29'010 wagons/year, 1'885'305 tons

Max. Inbound (Dayly)+ Month (Wagons/day)

7313 wagons/year, 495'144

39 wagons/july 26th, 803

Max. Inbound (daily)+ Month

150 wagons/day, 3'760

The days per month of

25'725 wagons/year, 1'672'000 tons

The average wagon load is 65

112 wagons/day, 2'812

2 wagons/ july 26th,

114 wagons/day, 3'615

136 wagons/day, 3'407

23185 trucks/year empty

55'000 trucks/year empty

152 trucks/june 19th empty

244 trucks/daily empty,

252 trucks daily empty, 6'300 trucks

The days per month of