Points must be touched in answers.

1. What is Depth of Field? Explain the factors affecting Depth of Field in detail. a. Definition, Ability of lens to focus, Absolute sharpness, Acceptable sharpnes s, Zone of focus, factors: Aperture, Focal length, Object distance, with detail descript ion of each. Purpose. 2. What is White Balance? Establish its relation to Colour Temperature. a. Concept of colour temperature, conclusion of Kelvin, derived unit, various so urces & colour bias, influence in photography, need for correction, white balance featur e, effect of wrong white balance, creative use. 3. What is Synchronization? Discuss Slow Sync with rear & front curtain sync. a. Type of source, ambient & momentary, use of flash, meaning of synchronization , full frame open & firing of flash, concept of synchronization, coupling of shutter mechanism & flash triggering device, possibility of slow shutter sync, simultane ous influence of both the light sources, blur with ambient-freeze with flash, sugges tion of movement & direction. 4. Define Photographic Lighting. Explain Key, Fill & Kicker Light. Discuss any two t ypes of Key Light. a. Need of light, co-existence of light & shadow, shadow & object form, shadow a n informative element, right placement of shadow, implied placement of light, ligh t & shadow contrast ratio, need for fill light, lighting ratio, need for background separation, kicker light, Positions of main light, applications. 5. What is Perspective? How does it affect feeling of distance in a photograph? a. Perspective as view point, physical viewpoint & view, normal vision & normal perspective, relative size fall-off, degree of size fall-off, illusion of distan ce or perception of depth, focal length & image magnification, wider or narrower coverage, altered feeling of distance due to altered viewpoint, enhanced & compressed perspective. 6. What is Motion Blur? Discuss its creative aspects. a. Concept of blur, illusion of movement, relation to shutter speed, relative mo vement between camera object & background, intentional blur & suggestion of movement, various techniques as panning, trailing, zoom-blur, application. 7. What are the Parameters of Light? Explain the concept of Exposure. a. Intensity, direction, quality & colour temperature. Relation between intensit

y & exposure, need to control light, devises to control intensity, direction of ligh t & idea of lighting, size of source & quality of light, light source & its colour charac teristics. 8. Mention the various types of camera? Discuss SLR in detail. a. Basic elements of camera, various formats-small (135mm) medium (120mm) large format, sizes of original image, application, need for precision, difference in focusing, difference in viewing, flexibility, expandability. Concept of single l ens reflex, working of SLR & advantages. 9. Explain the working of Light Meter. Reflective light Metering. Compare between Incident light Metering &

a. Concept of exposure, limited latitude of imaging device (film/sensor) need of accurate intensity, light measuring device, calibration in exposure terms (apert ure & shutter), ways of reading light, incident measurement (source) & reflective measurement (off subject) errors in scene interpretation in reflective mode, rectification means (exp compensation) 10. What is Exposure Compensation? Describe the occasions where it is applied. a. Exposure calculation, light metering device, reflective type meter fitted in camera, exposure value suggested by camera s graphical meter, exposure modes, odd or critical lighting situations, misinterpretation by meter, error in exposure sugg estions, need for manual override, exp-comp feature & its use. 11. Discuss the effect of Aperture on Depth of Field. What are the other factors tha t affect Depth of Field? a. Concept of aperture, aperture & diameter of lens, diameter & apex angle of ra ycone formed, object distance & sharpness, acceptable sharpness, distinction of sharp point & noticeable disc, reduction of disc diameter by reducing apex angle , in turn closing aperture & enhances zone of sharpness, depth of field, definition, other factors, object distance & image size, focal length & image size, image size & z one of acceptable sharpness. 12. Establish a relation between Shutter speed & Subject Motion. Discuss the creativ e opportunities of slow shutter. a. Concept of shutter, variable duration, scope for subject to move, concept of rendering of blur, degree of blur & object speed, object direction, object dista nce, focal length, blur & suggestion of motion, panning technique. 13. What is Colour Temperature? a. Refer to Q/A 2 How does it affect White Balance?

14. What is Perspective? Discuss the relation between a. Refer to Q/A 5

Focal Length &

Perspective.

15. Define the term Exposure. What are the factors to be considered while deciding Exposure? a. Concept of exposure, light sensitive device, sensitivity, limitation to handl e wider brightness range, rendition of image according to brightness variations, devices to control light A & S, properties of each, combination of the two, kind of subject before camera, which of the two important to consider for subject, example of

subject & justification, most effective way & hence combination for relevant sub ject. 16. What is Synchronization? Describe a. Refer to Q/A 3 Slow Sync.

17. Compare the various types of camera. Describe SLR a. Refer Q/A 8

in detail.

18. Explain the term Three point lighting. Discuss the need for it. Describe Rembra ndt & Butterfly lighting with rough diagram. a. Refer Q/A 4. Position of light, shadow of nose, revealing of form, name of li ghting, background behind name Rembrandt, 3/4th face lit, lighting angle concept, 45 degree placement, bit more shadows so suitable for male formal portraits, young females need lighter & neat so symmetrical placement of light, concept of butter fly, nose shadow, chick bone, eye sockets, lower lip, chin & collar bones, less shado ws, clean lighting, high catch light, builds attitude, suitable for glamour.

19. For an Exposure Value of f-11: 1/60, what will be the new combination of Apert ure & Shutter for shallowest Depth of Field? (Lens- 85mm f-2) a. Concept of depth of field, definition, factors, factor playing here (aperture ) opening the aperture, equivalent adjustment in shutter, limitation of lens opening, maxi mum aperture & shutter combination. 20. For an Exposure Value of f-11: 1/60, what will be the new combination of Apert ure & Shutter for sure-shot Motion Freeze? (Lens-100mm F-2.8) a. Concept of exposure, relation between shutter & movement, concept of blur, concept of freeze (action stopping) & high shutter speed, raising the speed, adjustment in aperture, limitation of lens aperture, max possible combination.

Short notes:

a. Exposure Compensation a. Refer Q/A 10 b. SLR a. Refer Q/A 8 c. White Balance a. Refer Q/A 2 d. Types of lenses a. Photographic lens, Image formation, focal length, coverage angle, focal lengt h & image size, concept of normal coverage, wider than normal coverage, wide, normal , telephoto, zoom as versatile but compromise, special purpose lens-macro, micro, perspective correction etc. e. Perspective a. Refer Q/A 5 f. Exposure Modes a. Concept of exposure, light meter in camera, exposure suggestion, modes-manual , aperture priority, shutter priority & program mode & its description, convenienc e in fast working, occasions of use.

g. Depth of Field a. Refer Q/A 1 h. Motion blur a. Refer Q/A 6 i. Synchronization a. Refer Q/A 3 j. Creative slow sync a. Refer Q/A 3 k. Exposure a. Refer Q/A 15